1101D’Anville takes this to be the same as the present Port de la Ciotat.
1101D’Anville takes this to be the same as the present Port de la Ciotat.
1102Probably occupying the south-east of the department of the Var. It is supposed by Hardouin that the village of Ramatuelle, near the coast, south of the Gulf of Grimaud, represents the ancient name; and D’Anville and other writers are of the same opinion.
1102Probably occupying the south-east of the department of the Var. It is supposed by Hardouin that the village of Ramatuelle, near the coast, south of the Gulf of Grimaud, represents the ancient name; and D’Anville and other writers are of the same opinion.
1103Probably the country around the modern Brignole and Draguignan was inhabited by them.
1103Probably the country around the modern Brignole and Draguignan was inhabited by them.
1104They inhabited Verignon and Barjols in the southern part of the department of the Var.
1104They inhabited Verignon and Barjols in the southern part of the department of the Var.
1105D’Anville takes this to be the place called Agaï, between Frejus and La Napoule: but in so doing he disregards the order in which they are given by Pliny.
1105D’Anville takes this to be the place called Agaï, between Frejus and La Napoule: but in so doing he disregards the order in which they are given by Pliny.
1106“The Forum of Julius.” Now Frejus. As its name implies, it was a colony of the Eighth Legion. It was probably called ‘Pacensis,’ on some occasion when peace had happily been made with the original inhabitants, and ‘Classica’ from the fleet being stationed there by Augustus.
1106“The Forum of Julius.” Now Frejus. As its name implies, it was a colony of the Eighth Legion. It was probably called ‘Pacensis,’ on some occasion when peace had happily been made with the original inhabitants, and ‘Classica’ from the fleet being stationed there by Augustus.
1107Still known as the Argens, from the silvery appearance of the water. It has choked up the harbour with sand, in which probably the ships of Augustus rode at anchor.
1107Still known as the Argens, from the silvery appearance of the water. It has choked up the harbour with sand, in which probably the ships of Augustus rode at anchor.
1108They inhabited the coast, in the vicinity of the modern Cannes.
1108They inhabited the coast, in the vicinity of the modern Cannes.
1109They are supposed to have inhabited the country of Grasse, in the south-east of the department of the Var.
1109They are supposed to have inhabited the country of Grasse, in the south-east of the department of the Var.
1110According to Ptolemy they had for their capital the town of Salinæ; which some take to be the modern Saluces, others Castellane, and others again Seillans, according to Holstein and D’Anville.
1110According to Ptolemy they had for their capital the town of Salinæ; which some take to be the modern Saluces, others Castellane, and others again Seillans, according to Holstein and D’Anville.
1111D’Anville thinks that they lived in the valley of Queyras, in the department of the Hautes Alpes, having a town of the same name.
1111D’Anville thinks that they lived in the valley of Queyras, in the department of the Hautes Alpes, having a town of the same name.
1112The Adunicates are supposed by Hardouin to have inhabited the department of the Basses Alpes, between the towns of Senez and Digne.
1112The Adunicates are supposed by Hardouin to have inhabited the department of the Basses Alpes, between the towns of Senez and Digne.
1113The modern Antibes. Mount Cema is the present Monte-Cemelione.
1113The modern Antibes. Mount Cema is the present Monte-Cemelione.
1114“Arelate of the Sixth Legion,” a military colony; now the city of Arles. It is first mentioned by Cæsar, who had some ships built there for the siege of Massilia or Marseilles. It was made a military colony in the time of Augustus.
1114“Arelate of the Sixth Legion,” a military colony; now the city of Arles. It is first mentioned by Cæsar, who had some ships built there for the siege of Massilia or Marseilles. It was made a military colony in the time of Augustus.
1115“Beterræ of the Seventh Legion.” The modern town of Beziers.
1115“Beterræ of the Seventh Legion.” The modern town of Beziers.
1116“Arausio of the Second Legion,” now Orange, a town in the department of Vaucluse.
1116“Arausio of the Second Legion,” now Orange, a town in the department of Vaucluse.
1117Now Valence, in the department of the Drôme.
1117Now Valence, in the department of the Drôme.
1118Now Vienne, in the department of the Isère.
1118Now Vienne, in the department of the Isère.
1119Aix, in the department of the Bouches du Rhône.
1119Aix, in the department of the Bouches du Rhône.
1120Avignon, in the Vaucluse.
1120Avignon, in the Vaucluse.
1121Apt, in the department of Vaucluse.
1121Apt, in the department of Vaucluse.
1122Riez, in the department of the Basses Alpes.
1122Riez, in the department of the Basses Alpes.
1123The modern Alps, near Viviers, is probably built on the site of this town. The text shows that it was different from Augusta, probably the Alba Augusta mentioned by Ptolemy, though D’Anville supposes them to have been the same place.
1123The modern Alps, near Viviers, is probably built on the site of this town. The text shows that it was different from Augusta, probably the Alba Augusta mentioned by Ptolemy, though D’Anville supposes them to have been the same place.
1124Some writers take this place to be the present Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, in the department of the Drôme.
1124Some writers take this place to be the present Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, in the department of the Drôme.
1125Probably so called from its lofty position, and supposed by D’Anville to have been situate on the modern Mont Ventoux, or “Windy Mountain.” Other writers place it at La Croix Haute, near the city of Avignon.
1125Probably so called from its lofty position, and supposed by D’Anville to have been situate on the modern Mont Ventoux, or “Windy Mountain.” Other writers place it at La Croix Haute, near the city of Avignon.
1126There is a village in the department of the Var, six leagues from Toulon, called Bormes, not improbably from these people.
1126There is a village in the department of the Var, six leagues from Toulon, called Bormes, not improbably from these people.
1127The modern Cavaillon, in the department of the Vaucluse.
1127The modern Cavaillon, in the department of the Vaucluse.
1128Now Carcassone, in the department of the Aude.
1128Now Carcassone, in the department of the Aude.
1129Probably Saint Tibéry, on the river Hérault.
1129Probably Saint Tibéry, on the river Hérault.
1130Now Carpentras. Ptolemy also makes mention of the Memini.
1130Now Carpentras. Ptolemy also makes mention of the Memini.
1131Probably situate on the river Cœnus of Ptolemy, between the eastern mouth of the Rhone and Massilia. Probably the name in Pliny should be “Cœnienses.”
1131Probably situate on the river Cœnus of Ptolemy, between the eastern mouth of the Rhone and Massilia. Probably the name in Pliny should be “Cœnienses.”
1132Walckenaer places this people in the vicinity of Cambo, in the arrondissement of Bayonne, in the department of the Basses Pyrenees.
1132Walckenaer places this people in the vicinity of Cambo, in the arrondissement of Bayonne, in the department of the Basses Pyrenees.
1133In names similar to this, as Festus remarks, “Forum” has the meaning of “Market;” much as that word is used as a compound in our names, such as Market Drayton, &c. Bouche thinks that by this place is meant the modern Le Canet: but D’Anville takes it to be Gonfaron, a corruption, he thinks, of Voconfaron from the Latin name.
1133In names similar to this, as Festus remarks, “Forum” has the meaning of “Market;” much as that word is used as a compound in our names, such as Market Drayton, &c. Bouche thinks that by this place is meant the modern Le Canet: but D’Anville takes it to be Gonfaron, a corruption, he thinks, of Voconfaron from the Latin name.
1134The site of Glanum was about a mile to the south of the village of Saint Remi, between Cavaillon and Arles. On the spot there are the remains of a Roman mausoleum and a triumphal arch.
1134The site of Glanum was about a mile to the south of the village of Saint Remi, between Cavaillon and Arles. On the spot there are the remains of a Roman mausoleum and a triumphal arch.
1135The people of Luteva, now Lodève, in the department of the Hérault.
1135The people of Luteva, now Lodève, in the department of the Hérault.
1136“The people of Forum Neronis,” which place has been supposed by some to have been the same with Carpentoracte: D’Anville supposes Forcalquier to have been Forum Neronis, while Walckenaer takes Momas to have been that place. From the text it would appear to have been identical with Luteva.
1136“The people of Forum Neronis,” which place has been supposed by some to have been the same with Carpentoracte: D’Anville supposes Forcalquier to have been Forum Neronis, while Walckenaer takes Momas to have been that place. From the text it would appear to have been identical with Luteva.
1137The modern Nismes, which in its ruins contains abundant marks of its ancient splendour. The family of the Antonines came from this place. The remains of its aqueduct still survive, containing three rows of arches, one above the other, and 180 feet in height.
1137The modern Nismes, which in its ruins contains abundant marks of its ancient splendour. The family of the Antonines came from this place. The remains of its aqueduct still survive, containing three rows of arches, one above the other, and 180 feet in height.
1138The people of the present Pézenas, in the department of the Hérault.
1138The people of the present Pézenas, in the department of the Hérault.
1139Their chief town is supposed to have been Albiga, now Albi, in the department of Tarn.
1139Their chief town is supposed to have been Albiga, now Albi, in the department of Tarn.
1140The inhabitants of the present Senez in the Basses Alpes. De la Saussaye says that their coins read ‘Samnagenses,’ and not ‘Sanagenses,’ and that they inhabited Senas, a town in the vicinity of Aix.
1140The inhabitants of the present Senez in the Basses Alpes. De la Saussaye says that their coins read ‘Samnagenses,’ and not ‘Sanagenses,’ and that they inhabited Senas, a town in the vicinity of Aix.
1141Their chief town was Tolosa, now Toulouse, in the department of the Haute-Garonne.
1141Their chief town was Tolosa, now Toulouse, in the department of the Haute-Garonne.
1142They probably lived in the vicinity of the present Montauban, in the department of the Tarn et Garonne.
1142They probably lived in the vicinity of the present Montauban, in the department of the Tarn et Garonne.
1143Probably the inhabitants of the site of the modern town of Tarascon. There is, however, considerable doubt as to these two names.
1143Probably the inhabitants of the site of the modern town of Tarascon. There is, however, considerable doubt as to these two names.
1144Poinsinet thinks that they occupied Vabres, a place situate in the south of the department of Aveyron.
1144Poinsinet thinks that they occupied Vabres, a place situate in the south of the department of Aveyron.
1145Now Vaison, in the department of Vaucluse.
1145Now Vaison, in the department of Vaucluse.
1146“The Grove of Augustus.” This town appears to have been overflowed by the river Druma, which formed a lake on its site. Its remains were still to be seen in the lake in modern times, and from it the town on the margin of the lake takes its name of Le Luc.
1146“The Grove of Augustus.” This town appears to have been overflowed by the river Druma, which formed a lake on its site. Its remains were still to be seen in the lake in modern times, and from it the town on the margin of the lake takes its name of Le Luc.
1147Under the name “formula” Pliny perhaps alludes to the official list of the Roman government, which he had consulted for the purposes of accuracy.
1147Under the name “formula” Pliny perhaps alludes to the official list of the Roman government, which he had consulted for the purposes of accuracy.
1148Bouche places the site of this people at the village of Avançon, between Chorges and Gap, in the department of the Hautes Alpes.
1148Bouche places the site of this people at the village of Avançon, between Chorges and Gap, in the department of the Hautes Alpes.
1149The present town of Digne, in the department of the Basses Alpes.
1149The present town of Digne, in the department of the Basses Alpes.
1150It is not known from what points these measurements of our author are taken.
1150It is not known from what points these measurements of our author are taken.
1151The modern names of these localities will form the subject of consideration when we proceed, in c.7, to a more minute description of Italy.
1151The modern names of these localities will form the subject of consideration when we proceed, in c.7, to a more minute description of Italy.
1152This passage is somewhat confused, and may possibly be in a corrupt state. He here speaks of the Apennine Alps. By the “lunata juga” he means the two promontories or capes, which extend east and west respectively.
1152This passage is somewhat confused, and may possibly be in a corrupt state. He here speaks of the Apennine Alps. By the “lunata juga” he means the two promontories or capes, which extend east and west respectively.
1153This seems to be the meaning of “alumna,” and not “nurse” or “foster-mother,” as Ajasson’s translation has it. Pliny probably implies by this antithesis that Rome has been “twice blessed,” in receiving the bounties of all nations of the world, and in being able to bestow a commensurate return. Compared with this idea, “at once the nurse and mother of the world” would be tame indeed!
1153This seems to be the meaning of “alumna,” and not “nurse” or “foster-mother,” as Ajasson’s translation has it. Pliny probably implies by this antithesis that Rome has been “twice blessed,” in receiving the bounties of all nations of the world, and in being able to bestow a commensurate return. Compared with this idea, “at once the nurse and mother of the world” would be tame indeed!
1154By adding its deified emperors to the number of its divinities. After what Pliny has said in his Second Book, this looks very much like pure adulation.
1154By adding its deified emperors to the number of its divinities. After what Pliny has said in his Second Book, this looks very much like pure adulation.
1155Or “Great Greece.” This is a poor and frivolous argument used by Pliny in support of his laudations of Italy, seeing that in all probability it was not the people of Greece who gave this name to certain cities founded by Greek colonists on the Tarentine Gulf, in the south of Italy; but either the Italian tribes, who in their simplicity admired their splendour and magnificence, or else the colonists themselves, who, in using the name, showed that they clung with fondness to the remembrance of their mother-country; while at the same time the epithet betrayed some vanity and ostentation in wishing thus to show their superiority to the people of their mother-country.
1155Or “Great Greece.” This is a poor and frivolous argument used by Pliny in support of his laudations of Italy, seeing that in all probability it was not the people of Greece who gave this name to certain cities founded by Greek colonists on the Tarentine Gulf, in the south of Italy; but either the Italian tribes, who in their simplicity admired their splendour and magnificence, or else the colonists themselves, who, in using the name, showed that they clung with fondness to the remembrance of their mother-country; while at the same time the epithet betrayed some vanity and ostentation in wishing thus to show their superiority to the people of their mother-country.
1156The comparison of its shape to an oak leaf seems rather fanciful; more common-place observers have compared it to a boot: by the top (cacumen) he seems to mean the southern part of Calabria about Brundisium and Tarentum; which, to a person facing the south, would incline to the coast of Epirus on the left hand.
1156The comparison of its shape to an oak leaf seems rather fanciful; more common-place observers have compared it to a boot: by the top (cacumen) he seems to mean the southern part of Calabria about Brundisium and Tarentum; which, to a person facing the south, would incline to the coast of Epirus on the left hand.
1157The ‘Parma’ or shield here alluded to, would be one shaped like a crescent, with the exception that the inner or concave side would be formed of two crescents, the extremities of which join at the central projection. He says that Cocinthos (now Capo di Stilo) would in such case form the central projection, while Lacinium (now Capo delle Colonne) would form the horn at the extreme right, and Leucopetra (now Capo dell’ Armi) the horn on the extreme left.
1157The ‘Parma’ or shield here alluded to, would be one shaped like a crescent, with the exception that the inner or concave side would be formed of two crescents, the extremities of which join at the central projection. He says that Cocinthos (now Capo di Stilo) would in such case form the central projection, while Lacinium (now Capo delle Colonne) would form the horn at the extreme right, and Leucopetra (now Capo dell’ Armi) the horn on the extreme left.
1158The Tuscan or Etrurian sea, and the Adriatic.
1158The Tuscan or Etrurian sea, and the Adriatic.
1159The Varus, as already mentioned, was in Gallia Narbonensis, while the Arsia, now the Arsa, is a small river of Istria, which became the boundary between Italy and Illyricum, when Istria was annexed by order of Augustus to the former country. It flows into the Flanaticus Sinus, now Golfo di Quarnero, on the eastern coast of Istria, beyond the town of Castel Nuovo, formerly Nesactium.
1159The Varus, as already mentioned, was in Gallia Narbonensis, while the Arsia, now the Arsa, is a small river of Istria, which became the boundary between Italy and Illyricum, when Istria was annexed by order of Augustus to the former country. It flows into the Flanaticus Sinus, now Golfo di Quarnero, on the eastern coast of Istria, beyond the town of Castel Nuovo, formerly Nesactium.
1160Now the Pescara.
1160Now the Pescara.
1161Now Palo, a city on the coast of Etruria, eighteen miles from Portus Augusti, at the mouth of the Tiber.
1161Now Palo, a city on the coast of Etruria, eighteen miles from Portus Augusti, at the mouth of the Tiber.
1162This distance is overstated: the circuit is in reality about 2500 miles.
1162This distance is overstated: the circuit is in reality about 2500 miles.
1163For instance, from Pola to Ravenna, and from Iadera to Ancona.
1163For instance, from Pola to Ravenna, and from Iadera to Ancona.
1164Sardinia is in no part nearer to Italy than 140 miles.
1164Sardinia is in no part nearer to Italy than 140 miles.
1165Issa, now Lissa, is an island of the Adriatic, off the coast of Liburnia; it is not less than eighty miles distant from the nearest part of the coast of Italy.
1165Issa, now Lissa, is an island of the Adriatic, off the coast of Liburnia; it is not less than eighty miles distant from the nearest part of the coast of Italy.
1166That is to say, the south, which was so called by the Romans: the meaning being that Italy extends in a south-easterly direction.
1166That is to say, the south, which was so called by the Romans: the meaning being that Italy extends in a south-easterly direction.
1167Italy was divided by Augustus into eleven districts; the ninth of which nearly corresponded to the former republic of Genoa.
1167Italy was divided by Augustus into eleven districts; the ninth of which nearly corresponded to the former republic of Genoa.
1168The modern Nizza of the Italians, or Nice of the French.
1168The modern Nizza of the Italians, or Nice of the French.
1169Now the Paglione.
1169Now the Paglione.
1170Livy mentions four of these tribes, the Celelates, the Cerdiciates, the Apuani, and the Friniates.
1170Livy mentions four of these tribes, the Celelates, the Cerdiciates, the Apuani, and the Friniates.
1171Or “Long-haired.” Lucan, B. i. l. 442, 3, refers to this characteristic of the Alpine Ligurians:Et nunc tonse Ligur, quondam per colla decoraCrinibus effusis toti prælate Comatæ.
1171Or “Long-haired.” Lucan, B. i. l. 442, 3, refers to this characteristic of the Alpine Ligurians:
Et nunc tonse Ligur, quondam per colla decoraCrinibus effusis toti prælate Comatæ.
Et nunc tonse Ligur, quondam per colla decoraCrinibus effusis toti prælate Comatæ.
Et nunc tonse Ligur, quondam per colla decoraCrinibus effusis toti prælate Comatæ.
Et nunc tonse Ligur, quondam per colla decora
Crinibus effusis toti prælate Comatæ.
1172It is probably the ruins of this place that are to be seen at the present day at Cimiez in the vicinity of Nice.
1172It is probably the ruins of this place that are to be seen at the present day at Cimiez in the vicinity of Nice.
1173The modern Monaco.
1173The modern Monaco.
1174These tribes have been already mentioned in c.5, as belonging to the province of Gallia Narbonensis.
1174These tribes have been already mentioned in c.5, as belonging to the province of Gallia Narbonensis.
1175It is supposed that they dwelt near the present Vinadio in Piedmont.
1175It is supposed that they dwelt near the present Vinadio in Piedmont.
1176It is supposed that they inhabited the vicinity of the present town of Chorges, between Embrun and Gap.
1176It is supposed that they inhabited the vicinity of the present town of Chorges, between Embrun and Gap.
1177They probably dwelt near the modern town of Montserrat.
1177They probably dwelt near the modern town of Montserrat.
1178They probably dwelt near the modern Biela, eight leagues from Verceil in Piedmont.
1178They probably dwelt near the modern Biela, eight leagues from Verceil in Piedmont.
1179Some writers place them near the modern city of Casale.
1179Some writers place them near the modern city of Casale.
1180Their locality is supposed by some writers to be near the present Cortemiglia, five leagues from the town of Alba.
1180Their locality is supposed by some writers to be near the present Cortemiglia, five leagues from the town of Alba.
1181Now the Roya, flowing between very high banks.—Lucan, B. ii. l. 422, speaks of the Rutuba as “Cavus,” “flowing in deep cavities.”
1181Now the Roya, flowing between very high banks.—Lucan, B. ii. l. 422, speaks of the Rutuba as “Cavus,” “flowing in deep cavities.”
1182Probably the present Vintimiglia.
1182Probably the present Vintimiglia.
1183The modern Arozia.
1183The modern Arozia.
1184The present town of Albenga.—Livy, B. xxix. c. 5, calls the inhabitants Albingauni.
1184The present town of Albenga.—Livy, B. xxix. c. 5, calls the inhabitants Albingauni.
1185Now called Vaï or Ve, and Savona.
1185Now called Vaï or Ve, and Savona.
1186The modern Bisagna, which waters Genua, the modern Genoa.
1186The modern Bisagna, which waters Genua, the modern Genoa.
1187Now the Lavagna, which also washes Genoa.
1187Now the Lavagna, which also washes Genoa.
1188“The Port of the Dolphin;” now Porto Fino.
1188“The Port of the Dolphin;” now Porto Fino.
1189Probably the ruins called those of Tregesa or Trigoso are those of Tigullia.
1189Probably the ruins called those of Tregesa or Trigoso are those of Tigullia.
1190Now Sestri di Levante.
1190Now Sestri di Levante.
1191The modern Magra.
1191The modern Magra.
1192Of which they were considered as a chain, and called the Apennine Alps.
1192Of which they were considered as a chain, and called the Apennine Alps.
1193Now the Po.
1193Now the Po.
1194According to D’Anville, now Castel Arqua.
1194According to D’Anville, now Castel Arqua.
1195Now Tortona. It was a city of importance, and there are considerable ruins still in existence.
1195Now Tortona. It was a city of importance, and there are considerable ruins still in existence.
1196The modern Voghera, upon the river Staffora.
1196The modern Voghera, upon the river Staffora.
1197Probably the present Verrua.
1197Probably the present Verrua.
1198Called by the Ligurians Bodincomagus, by the Romans Industria. Its remains are to be found at Monteù di Po, a few miles below Chevasso, on the right bank of the river.
1198Called by the Ligurians Bodincomagus, by the Romans Industria. Its remains are to be found at Monteù di Po, a few miles below Chevasso, on the right bank of the river.
1199The modern Pollenza, a small town on the river Tenaro near Alba.
1199The modern Pollenza, a small town on the river Tenaro near Alba.
1200Its site has been placed at Chieri near Turin, and at Carrù on the Tanaro, a few miles south of Bene, which is perhaps the most probable.
1200Its site has been placed at Chieri near Turin, and at Carrù on the Tanaro, a few miles south of Bene, which is perhaps the most probable.
1201The modern Valenza.
1201The modern Valenza.
1202Placed by D’Anville at Vico near Mondovi, and by other writers at Carmagnole and Saluzzo: but Durandi has shown that the ruins still to be seen near Bene in Piedmont are those of Augusta Vagiennorum. Bene is supposed to be a corruption of Bagienna, the name of the town in the middle ages. The name of the Vagienni also probably survives in that of Viozenna, an obscure place in that vicinity.
1202Placed by D’Anville at Vico near Mondovi, and by other writers at Carmagnole and Saluzzo: but Durandi has shown that the ruins still to be seen near Bene in Piedmont are those of Augusta Vagiennorum. Bene is supposed to be a corruption of Bagienna, the name of the town in the middle ages. The name of the Vagienni also probably survives in that of Viozenna, an obscure place in that vicinity.
1203Still called Alba; a town near the northern foot of the Apennines. It probably had its appellation from Cn. Pompeius Strabo, the father of Pompey the Great, who conferred many privileges on the Cisalpine Gauls. It was the birth-place of the Emperor Helvius Pertinax.
1203Still called Alba; a town near the northern foot of the Apennines. It probably had its appellation from Cn. Pompeius Strabo, the father of Pompey the Great, who conferred many privileges on the Cisalpine Gauls. It was the birth-place of the Emperor Helvius Pertinax.
1204The modern Aste.
1204The modern Aste.
1205The modern Acqui, so called from its mineral springs. It is again mentioned by Pliny in B. XXXI. Numerous remains of the ancient town have been discovered.
1205The modern Acqui, so called from its mineral springs. It is again mentioned by Pliny in B. XXXI. Numerous remains of the ancient town have been discovered.
1206Ansart observes that this measurement is nearly correct.
1206Ansart observes that this measurement is nearly correct.
1207For an account of this see Herodotus, B. i. c. 94, Tacitus, Ann. B. iv. c. 55, and Velleius Paterculus, B. i. c. 1. These writers all agree as to the fact of the migration of a colony of Lydians under the conduct of Tyrrhenus to the part of Italy afterwards called Etruria. This subject however, as well as the migrations of the Pelasgi, is involved in the greatest obscurity.
1207For an account of this see Herodotus, B. i. c. 94, Tacitus, Ann. B. iv. c. 55, and Velleius Paterculus, B. i. c. 1. These writers all agree as to the fact of the migration of a colony of Lydians under the conduct of Tyrrhenus to the part of Italy afterwards called Etruria. This subject however, as well as the migrations of the Pelasgi, is involved in the greatest obscurity.
1208From the Greek verbθύειν“to sacrifice,” he implies:—from their custom of frequently sacrificing, says Servius, on the Xth Book of the Æneid. Dionysius of Halicarnassus says that they were from their frequent sacrifices calledθυόσκοοι. These are probably fanciful derivations; but there is no doubt that the people of Etruria were for several centuries the instructors of the Romans in the arts of sacrifice, augury, and divination.
1208From the Greek verbθύειν“to sacrifice,” he implies:—from their custom of frequently sacrificing, says Servius, on the Xth Book of the Æneid. Dionysius of Halicarnassus says that they were from their frequent sacrifices calledθυόσκοοι. These are probably fanciful derivations; but there is no doubt that the people of Etruria were for several centuries the instructors of the Romans in the arts of sacrifice, augury, and divination.
1209The ruins of Luna, which was destroyed by the Normans in the middle ages, are still visible on the banks of the Magra. The modern name of the port is Golfo della Spezzia.
1209The ruins of Luna, which was destroyed by the Normans in the middle ages, are still visible on the banks of the Magra. The modern name of the port is Golfo della Spezzia.
1210The modern city of Lucca has its site and name.—Livy, B. xli. c. 13, informs us that this colony was founded in the year of the city 576, during the Consulship of Claudius Pulcher and Sempronius Gracchus.
1210The modern city of Lucca has its site and name.—Livy, B. xli. c. 13, informs us that this colony was founded in the year of the city 576, during the Consulship of Claudius Pulcher and Sempronius Gracchus.
1211The modern city of Pisa. See Virgil, B. x. l. 179, as to the origin of this place.
1211The modern city of Pisa. See Virgil, B. x. l. 179, as to the origin of this place.
1212The modern Serchio.
1212The modern Serchio.
1213Now the Arno.
1213Now the Arno.
1214The people of Pisa or Pisæ, a city of Elis in the Peloponnesus.
1214The people of Pisa or Pisæ, a city of Elis in the Peloponnesus.
1215Now Vadi, a small village on the sea-shore.
1215Now Vadi, a small village on the sea-shore.
1216Still called the Cecina. It entered the Tyrrhenian sea, near the port of Vada Volaterrana just mentioned.
1216Still called the Cecina. It entered the Tyrrhenian sea, near the port of Vada Volaterrana just mentioned.
1217The present Piombino is supposed to have arisen from the ruins of this place.
1217The present Piombino is supposed to have arisen from the ruins of this place.
1218Now the Bruno.
1218Now the Bruno.
1219The modern Ombrone.
1219The modern Ombrone.
1220Now known as Telamone Vecchio.
1220Now known as Telamone Vecchio.
1221There are ruins near lake Orbitello, which bear the name of Cosa; Ansedonia was said to have risen from its ruins, and in its turn fallen to decay.
1221There are ruins near lake Orbitello, which bear the name of Cosa; Ansedonia was said to have risen from its ruins, and in its turn fallen to decay.
1222Two localities have been mentioned as the site of Graviscæ, at both of which there are ancient remains: one on the right bank of the Marta, about a mile from its mouth, and the other on the sea-coast at a spot called Santo Clementino or Le Saline, a mile south of the mouth of the Marta. Probably the latter are the remains of Graviscæ, although Dennis (Etruria, i. pp. 387-395) inclines to be in favour of the former.
1222Two localities have been mentioned as the site of Graviscæ, at both of which there are ancient remains: one on the right bank of the Marta, about a mile from its mouth, and the other on the sea-coast at a spot called Santo Clementino or Le Saline, a mile south of the mouth of the Marta. Probably the latter are the remains of Graviscæ, although Dennis (Etruria, i. pp. 387-395) inclines to be in favour of the former.
1223The modern Torre Chiaruccia, five miles south of Civita Vecchia.
1223The modern Torre Chiaruccia, five miles south of Civita Vecchia.
1224The modern Torre di Santa Severa.
1224The modern Torre di Santa Severa.
1225Now the Vaccina.
1225Now the Vaccina.
1226The remains of this once powerful city are marked by the village of Cervetri or Old Cære. According to Strabo it received its name from the Greek wordχαῖρε“hail!” with which the inhabitants saluted the Tyrrhenian or Lydian invaders. It was to this place that the Romans sent their most precious sacred relics when their city was taken by the Gauls. Its most interesting remains are the sepulchres, of which an account is given in Dennis’s Etruria.
1226The remains of this once powerful city are marked by the village of Cervetri or Old Cære. According to Strabo it received its name from the Greek wordχαῖρε“hail!” with which the inhabitants saluted the Tyrrhenian or Lydian invaders. It was to this place that the Romans sent their most precious sacred relics when their city was taken by the Gauls. Its most interesting remains are the sepulchres, of which an account is given in Dennis’s Etruria.
1227Its remains are to be seen in the vicinity of the modern village of Palo.
1227Its remains are to be seen in the vicinity of the modern village of Palo.
1228Its site is supposed to have been at the spot now called the Torre di Maccarese, midway between Palo and Porto, and at the mouth of the river Arone. Its situation was marshy and unhealthy.
1228Its site is supposed to have been at the spot now called the Torre di Maccarese, midway between Palo and Porto, and at the mouth of the river Arone. Its situation was marshy and unhealthy.
1229This exceeds the real distance, which is about 230 miles.
1229This exceeds the real distance, which is about 230 miles.
1230The site of the Etruscan Falerii or Falisci is probably occupied by the present Civita Castellana; while that of the Roman city of the same name, at a distance of four miles, is marked by a single house and the ruins of a church, called Santa Maria di Falleri. The ancient city was captured by the Romans under Camillus.
1230The site of the Etruscan Falerii or Falisci is probably occupied by the present Civita Castellana; while that of the Roman city of the same name, at a distance of four miles, is marked by a single house and the ruins of a church, called Santa Maria di Falleri. The ancient city was captured by the Romans under Camillus.
1231In his book of “Origines,” which is now lost.
1231In his book of “Origines,” which is now lost.
1232“The Grove of Feronia.” The town was so called from the grove of that Sabine goddess there situate. In the early times of Rome there was a great resort to this spot not only for religious purposes, but for those of trade as well. Its traces are still to be seen at the village of Saint Orestes, near the south-east extremity of the hill there, which is still called Felonica. This is in southern Etruria, but Ptolemy mentions another place of the same name in the north-west extremity of Etruria, between the Arnus and the Macra.
1232“The Grove of Feronia.” The town was so called from the grove of that Sabine goddess there situate. In the early times of Rome there was a great resort to this spot not only for religious purposes, but for those of trade as well. Its traces are still to be seen at the village of Saint Orestes, near the south-east extremity of the hill there, which is still called Felonica. This is in southern Etruria, but Ptolemy mentions another place of the same name in the north-west extremity of Etruria, between the Arnus and the Macra.
1233The people of the spot now called Siena, in Tuscany.
1233The people of the spot now called Siena, in Tuscany.
1234Now Sutri, on the river Pozollo.
1234Now Sutri, on the river Pozollo.
1235The people of Arretium, one of the most powerful cities of Etruria. The three tribes or peoples here mentioned probably did not occupy distinct towns, but constituted separate communities or municipal bodies, being distinct colonies or bodies of settlers. The Julienses were the colonists settled there by Augustus. The Fidentes had probably settled at an earlier period. The modern Arezzo has risen on the remains of the Roman city, while the remains of the Etruscan city are pointed out on an elevated spot called Poggio di San Cornellio, two or three miles south-east of Arezzo. Many valuable relics of antiquity have been discovered here. The family of Mæcenas sprang from this place.
1235The people of Arretium, one of the most powerful cities of Etruria. The three tribes or peoples here mentioned probably did not occupy distinct towns, but constituted separate communities or municipal bodies, being distinct colonies or bodies of settlers. The Julienses were the colonists settled there by Augustus. The Fidentes had probably settled at an earlier period. The modern Arezzo has risen on the remains of the Roman city, while the remains of the Etruscan city are pointed out on an elevated spot called Poggio di San Cornellio, two or three miles south-east of Arezzo. Many valuable relics of antiquity have been discovered here. The family of Mæcenas sprang from this place.
1236The people of Aquæ Tauri, a watering-place of Etruria, situate about three miles north of the present Civita Vecchia, and now called Bagni di Ferrata. The baths are described by Rutilius in his Itinerary, who calls them Tauri Thermæ (the Bull’s Baths), and ascribes their name to the fact of their having been accidentally discovered by a bull.
1236The people of Aquæ Tauri, a watering-place of Etruria, situate about three miles north of the present Civita Vecchia, and now called Bagni di Ferrata. The baths are described by Rutilius in his Itinerary, who calls them Tauri Thermæ (the Bull’s Baths), and ascribes their name to the fact of their having been accidentally discovered by a bull.
1237The people of Blera, on the site of the modern village of Bieda, about twelve miles south of Viterbo. Numerous remains of Etruscan antiquity have been found here.—See Dennis’s Etruria, vol. i. pp. 260-272.
1237The people of Blera, on the site of the modern village of Bieda, about twelve miles south of Viterbo. Numerous remains of Etruscan antiquity have been found here.—See Dennis’s Etruria, vol. i. pp. 260-272.
1238The people of Cortona, a powerful city of Etruria, which is still known by the same name. It was probably in the number of the cities of Etruria that were ravaged by Sylla, and then recolonized by him. Numerous remains of Etruscan antiquity have been discovered there.
1238The people of Cortona, a powerful city of Etruria, which is still known by the same name. It was probably in the number of the cities of Etruria that were ravaged by Sylla, and then recolonized by him. Numerous remains of Etruscan antiquity have been discovered there.
1239The people of Capena, an ancient and important city of Etruria, which, after long opposing the inroads of the Romans, was reduced to submission shortly after the fall of Veii,B.C.393. It existed and held municipal rank till the time of the Emperor Aurelian, after which all traces of its name or existence were lost, till 1750, when Galetti fixed its site with great accuracy at Civitucola or San Martino, about 24 miles from Rome. It was situate on the banks of a small river now called the Grammiccia, and in its territory was the celebrated ‘Lucus Feroniæ’ previously mentioned.
1239The people of Capena, an ancient and important city of Etruria, which, after long opposing the inroads of the Romans, was reduced to submission shortly after the fall of Veii,B.C.393. It existed and held municipal rank till the time of the Emperor Aurelian, after which all traces of its name or existence were lost, till 1750, when Galetti fixed its site with great accuracy at Civitucola or San Martino, about 24 miles from Rome. It was situate on the banks of a small river now called the Grammiccia, and in its territory was the celebrated ‘Lucus Feroniæ’ previously mentioned.
1240The new and old colonists of the city of Clusium, who probably enjoyed distinct municipal rights. The modern Chiusi stands on its site.
1240The new and old colonists of the city of Clusium, who probably enjoyed distinct municipal rights. The modern Chiusi stands on its site.
1241The modern Fiorenze or Florence occupies the site of their city.
1241The modern Fiorenze or Florence occupies the site of their city.
1242The village of Fiesole stands on its site. Extensive remains of the ancient city are still to be found.
1242The village of Fiesole stands on its site. Extensive remains of the ancient city are still to be found.