2161Or Amphrysus, famous for the strength of its fortifications and its scarlet berries for dyeing. Some remains of it are to be seen at the modern village of Dhistomo.
2161Or Amphrysus, famous for the strength of its fortifications and its scarlet berries for dyeing. Some remains of it are to be seen at the modern village of Dhistomo.
2162On the frontiers of Doris and Phocis. Leake thinks that its ruins are those seen midway between Kamares and Glamista. Daulis was also the name of an ancient town of Phocis, the ruins of which are to be seen at the modern village of Dhavlia.
2162On the frontiers of Doris and Phocis. Leake thinks that its ruins are those seen midway between Kamares and Glamista. Daulis was also the name of an ancient town of Phocis, the ruins of which are to be seen at the modern village of Dhavlia.
2163Probably the present Palæo Kastro, at the Port de Dobrena or Polaca.
2163Probably the present Palæo Kastro, at the Port de Dobrena or Polaca.
2164Leake thinks that the Corsian Thebes, a port of Bœotia, is represented by the modern Khosia.
2164Leake thinks that the Corsian Thebes, a port of Bœotia, is represented by the modern Khosia.
2165Helicon is a range of mountains with several summits, the loftiest of which is now called Paleovuni. Helicon was a grove of the Muses, and the fountain of Aganippe was supposed to impart poetic inspiration to those who drank of it.
2165Helicon is a range of mountains with several summits, the loftiest of which is now called Paleovuni. Helicon was a grove of the Muses, and the fountain of Aganippe was supposed to impart poetic inspiration to those who drank of it.
2166See p. 288.
2166See p. 288.
2167From Apis, the son of Phoroneus, or Telchines, according to Pausanias. After the arrival of Pelops, it took from him its name of Peloponnesus, or the “Island of Pelops.”
2167From Apis, the son of Phoroneus, or Telchines, according to Pausanias. After the arrival of Pelops, it took from him its name of Peloponnesus, or the “Island of Pelops.”
2168The Ionian from the north, and the Ægean, or rather, Myrtoan, Sea from the east.
2168The Ionian from the north, and the Ægean, or rather, Myrtoan, Sea from the east.
2169That part of Greece proper which lies to the north of the Isthmus.
2169That part of Greece proper which lies to the north of the Isthmus.
2170Now the Gulfs of Lepanto and Egina.
2170Now the Gulfs of Lepanto and Egina.
2171Lecheæ was the harbour of Corinth on the Corinthian, and Cenchreæ on the Saronic Gulf. The name of the latter is still preserved in the modern appellation Kechries, which is given to its ruins.
2171Lecheæ was the harbour of Corinth on the Corinthian, and Cenchreæ on the Saronic Gulf. The name of the latter is still preserved in the modern appellation Kechries, which is given to its ruins.
2172Demetrius Poliorcetes, king of Macedonia, son of Antigonus, king of Asia.
2172Demetrius Poliorcetes, king of Macedonia, son of Antigonus, king of Asia.
2173Caius Caligula, the Emperor.
2173Caius Caligula, the Emperor.
2174The Emperor Nero actually commenced the work, having opened the undertaking with great pomp, and cut away a portion of the earth with his own hands. He had advanced four stadia, when the work was interrupted by the insurrection of Julius Vindex in Gaul.
2174The Emperor Nero actually commenced the work, having opened the undertaking with great pomp, and cut away a portion of the earth with his own hands. He had advanced four stadia, when the work was interrupted by the insurrection of Julius Vindex in Gaul.
2175We cannot agree with Hardouin that “exitus” here means “death,” in allusion to the unfortunate end of all those who had made the attempt. The opinion of Spanheim seems rather deserving of support (though censured by Hardouin), that it merely means “the result” in each case; it being the fact, that in all the instances the contemplated undertaking was interrupted by some unforeseen event. Periander and Herodes Atticus also contemplated the formation of this channel.
2175We cannot agree with Hardouin that “exitus” here means “death,” in allusion to the unfortunate end of all those who had made the attempt. The opinion of Spanheim seems rather deserving of support (though censured by Hardouin), that it merely means “the result” in each case; it being the fact, that in all the instances the contemplated undertaking was interrupted by some unforeseen event. Periander and Herodes Atticus also contemplated the formation of this channel.
2176It is not known when it exchanged this name for that of Corinth; being called by both names in Homer. Scarcely any remains of it are now to be seen. The small town on its site is called Gortho, a corruption of its ancient name. The water of the famed spring of Pirene is now only used for washing clothes.
2176It is not known when it exchanged this name for that of Corinth; being called by both names in Homer. Scarcely any remains of it are now to be seen. The small town on its site is called Gortho, a corruption of its ancient name. The water of the famed spring of Pirene is now only used for washing clothes.
2177Now Patras. There are few remains of the ancient city, which was one of the twelve cities of Achaia. It was made a Roman colony by Augustus.
2177Now Patras. There are few remains of the ancient city, which was one of the twelve cities of Achaia. It was made a Roman colony by Augustus.
2178See C. 3 of the present Book, p.275.
2178See C. 3 of the present Book, p.275.
2179Originally a district in the south of Thessaly had this name; but to distinguish it from that in the Peloponnesus, its people were called the Phthiotian Achæi.
2179Originally a district in the south of Thessaly had this name; but to distinguish it from that in the Peloponnesus, its people were called the Phthiotian Achæi.
2180From the Greek wordαἰγιαλὸς, “the sea-shore.”
2180From the Greek wordαἰγιαλὸς, “the sea-shore.”
2181Situate on the coast, about five miles from the present Vostitza.
2181Situate on the coast, about five miles from the present Vostitza.
2182In the interior. The modern Trikala stands on its site.
2182In the interior. The modern Trikala stands on its site.
2183Helice was the place of meeting of the Achæan league; when, inB.C.373, together with Bura, it was swallowed up by an earthquake, and their sites were covered by the sea. Such of the people as escaped fled to the places mentioned above by Pliny. Pouqueville says that some remains of these places may still be seen emerging from the sea.
2183Helice was the place of meeting of the Achæan league; when, inB.C.373, together with Bura, it was swallowed up by an earthquake, and their sites were covered by the sea. Such of the people as escaped fled to the places mentioned above by Pliny. Pouqueville says that some remains of these places may still be seen emerging from the sea.
2184The modern Basilico or Vasilika stands on its site.
2184The modern Basilico or Vasilika stands on its site.
2185The places called Palæo-Kastro and Vostitza are supposed to occupy the sites of Ægira and Ægium. To the east of Vostitza considerable ruins are still to be seen.
2185The places called Palæo-Kastro and Vostitza are supposed to occupy the sites of Ægira and Ægium. To the east of Vostitza considerable ruins are still to be seen.
2186Supposed to be the present Artotina.
2186Supposed to be the present Artotina.
2187Towns of Roman Argolis. The ruins of the former are supposed to be those at a spot still called Klenes, near the village of Curtesi. The remains of Hysiæ, on the road from Argos to Tegea, stand on a hill above the plain of Achladokampos.
2187Towns of Roman Argolis. The ruins of the former are supposed to be those at a spot still called Klenes, near the village of Curtesi. The remains of Hysiæ, on the road from Argos to Tegea, stand on a hill above the plain of Achladokampos.
2188Now called Tekieh; fifteen stadia from Rhium.
2188Now called Tekieh; fifteen stadia from Rhium.
2189Or Pharæ; 150 stadia from Patræ.
2189Or Pharæ; 150 stadia from Patræ.
2190The modern Kato-Achaia.
2190The modern Kato-Achaia.
2191Its remains are to be seen near the modern village of Karavostasi. Pliny is mistaken probably in calling it a colony, as we know that it was placed under the authority of the colony of Patræ, which alone was allowed to enjoy the privilege of self-government.
2191Its remains are to be seen near the modern village of Karavostasi. Pliny is mistaken probably in calling it a colony, as we know that it was placed under the authority of the colony of Patræ, which alone was allowed to enjoy the privilege of self-government.
2192Pouqueville thinks that it was situate on the river now called the Verga. Leake supposes that the town of Hyrmine stood on the site of the present Kastro Tornese on the peninsula of Khlemutzi; but Boblaye and Curtius place it further north, at the modern harbour of Kunupeli, where there are some ancient ruins.
2192Pouqueville thinks that it was situate on the river now called the Verga. Leake supposes that the town of Hyrmine stood on the site of the present Kastro Tornese on the peninsula of Khlemutzi; but Boblaye and Curtius place it further north, at the modern harbour of Kunupeli, where there are some ancient ruins.
2193Now Capo Papa.
2193Now Capo Papa.
2194The locality of Cyllene is doubtful. Most writers place it at Glarentza but Pouqueville suggests Andravida or Andravilla, and Mannert places it near Clarenza. Chelinates or Chelonatas was probably the name originally of the whole peninsula of Khlemutzi, but the point here mentioned was most probably the modern Cape Tornese.
2194The locality of Cyllene is doubtful. Most writers place it at Glarentza but Pouqueville suggests Andravida or Andravilla, and Mannert places it near Clarenza. Chelinates or Chelonatas was probably the name originally of the whole peninsula of Khlemutzi, but the point here mentioned was most probably the modern Cape Tornese.
2195It lay in the interior, south of Sicyonia, and north of Argos. Pouqueville found its ruins on the banks of the Asopus.
2195It lay in the interior, south of Sicyonia, and north of Argos. Pouqueville found its ruins on the banks of the Asopus.
2196Strabo says that this was the name of the most ancient town of Phliasia, and that the inhabitants afterwards deserted it for Phlius.
2196Strabo says that this was the name of the most ancient town of Phliasia, and that the inhabitants afterwards deserted it for Phlius.
2197Some small ruins of it are to be seen at the foot of the hill of Kaloskopi, its ancient Acropolis.
2197Some small ruins of it are to be seen at the foot of the hill of Kaloskopi, its ancient Acropolis.
2198By Olympiads, which were reckoned according to the order of celebration of the Olympic games: they were established in the yearB.C.776, and were celebrated every fourth year.
2198By Olympiads, which were reckoned according to the order of celebration of the Olympic games: they were established in the yearB.C.776, and were celebrated every fourth year.
2199It was destroyed in the yearB.C.572 by the Eleans, not a vestige of it being left. The Alpheus retains the name of Alfio.
2199It was destroyed in the yearB.C.572 by the Eleans, not a vestige of it being left. The Alpheus retains the name of Alfio.
2200Or “the Fish,” from its peculiar shape. It is now called Katakolo.
2200Or “the Fish,” from its peculiar shape. It is now called Katakolo.
2201Probably situate in the valley between Elis and Messenia, which was so called. It is not elsewhere mentioned; and its ruins are thought to be those near the sea, on the right bank of the river Cyparissus. Leprion is again mentioned in c. x.
2201Probably situate in the valley between Elis and Messenia, which was so called. It is not elsewhere mentioned; and its ruins are thought to be those near the sea, on the right bank of the river Cyparissus. Leprion is again mentioned in c. x.
2202Or Platamodes. Supposed to be the present Aja Kyriaki.
2202Or Platamodes. Supposed to be the present Aja Kyriaki.
2203This city survived through the middle ages, when it was called Arkadia. In 1525 it was destroyed by the Turks, and when rebuilt resumed nearly its ancient name as Cyparissia, by which it is now called. The bay or gulf is called the Gulf of Arkadia.
2203This city survived through the middle ages, when it was called Arkadia. In 1525 it was destroyed by the Turks, and when rebuilt resumed nearly its ancient name as Cyparissia, by which it is now called. The bay or gulf is called the Gulf of Arkadia.
2204Messenian Pylos probably stood on the site of the modern Erana; Pouqueville says however that it is still called Pilo, and other writers place it at Zonchio. It stood on the modern Bay of Navarino.
2204Messenian Pylos probably stood on the site of the modern Erana; Pouqueville says however that it is still called Pilo, and other writers place it at Zonchio. It stood on the modern Bay of Navarino.
2205Its site was at the spot called Palæo Kastro, near the modern town of Modon. The site of Messenian Helos, so called from its position in the marshes,τὸ ἕλος, is now unknown.
2205Its site was at the spot called Palæo Kastro, near the modern town of Modon. The site of Messenian Helos, so called from its position in the marshes,τὸ ἕλος, is now unknown.
2206Now Capo Gallo.
2206Now Capo Gallo.
2207It stood on the western side of the Messenian Gulf, which from it was called the Asinæan Gulf. Grisso, or, according to some, Iaratcha, occupies its site. Koroni however is most probably the spot where it stood, the inhabitants of ancient Corone having removed to it. Petalidhi stands on the site of Corone. A small portion of the Messenian Gulf was probably called the Coronean.
2207It stood on the western side of the Messenian Gulf, which from it was called the Asinæan Gulf. Grisso, or, according to some, Iaratcha, occupies its site. Koroni however is most probably the spot where it stood, the inhabitants of ancient Corone having removed to it. Petalidhi stands on the site of Corone. A small portion of the Messenian Gulf was probably called the Coronean.
2208Now Cape Matapan.
2208Now Cape Matapan.
2209Now the Pyrnatza.
2209Now the Pyrnatza.
2210Its ruins, which are extensive, are to be seen in the vicinity of the modern village of Mavromati. Ithome was the citadel of Messene, on a mountain of the same name, now called Vourcano.
2210Its ruins, which are extensive, are to be seen in the vicinity of the modern village of Mavromati. Ithome was the citadel of Messene, on a mountain of the same name, now called Vourcano.
2211It is supposed that in ancient times it occupied the site of the more modern Samos or Samia in Triphylia. The modern Sareni is thought to occupy its site.
2211It is supposed that in ancient times it occupied the site of the more modern Samos or Samia in Triphylia. The modern Sareni is thought to occupy its site.
2212Dorion or Dorium, the spot where, according to Homer, the Muses punished Thamyris with blindness, is supposed to have been situate on the modern plain of Sulima.
2212Dorion or Dorium, the spot where, according to Homer, the Muses punished Thamyris with blindness, is supposed to have been situate on the modern plain of Sulima.
2213Nothing seems to be known of this place; but it is not improbable that it gave its name to the place so called in Sicily, originally a Messenian colony.
2213Nothing seems to be known of this place; but it is not improbable that it gave its name to the place so called in Sicily, originally a Messenian colony.
2214Or Tænarus, afterwards called Cænopolis. The present town of Kisternes, or Kimaros, occupies its site.
2214Or Tænarus, afterwards called Cænopolis. The present town of Kisternes, or Kimaros, occupies its site.
2215Its site is generally placed at Sklavokhori, six miles from Sparta; but Leake supposes it to have been situate on the hill called Aghia Kyriaki, between that place and Sparta.
2215Its site is generally placed at Sklavokhori, six miles from Sparta; but Leake supposes it to have been situate on the hill called Aghia Kyriaki, between that place and Sparta.
2216Or Pharis. The present Chitries occupies its site.
2216Or Pharis. The present Chitries occupies its site.
2217Or Leuctrum, on the river Pamisus, now called Levtros. It must not be confounded with the town in Bœotia where the Thebans defeated the Spartans,B.C.371.
2217Or Leuctrum, on the river Pamisus, now called Levtros. It must not be confounded with the town in Bœotia where the Thebans defeated the Spartans,B.C.371.
2218Or Lacedæmon. Its site is occupied by the modern villages of Magula and Psykhiko. The principal modern town in the vicinity is Mistra.
2218Or Lacedæmon. Its site is occupied by the modern villages of Magula and Psykhiko. The principal modern town in the vicinity is Mistra.
2219Or Therapnæ, on the left bank of the Eurotas. Some ruins of it are still to be seen.
2219Or Therapnæ, on the left bank of the Eurotas. Some ruins of it are still to be seen.
2220Considerable ruins of it are still to be seen to the N.E. of the modern town of Skarhamula.
2220Considerable ruins of it are still to be seen to the N.E. of the modern town of Skarhamula.
2221Authors are not agreed as to the site of this town and that of Anthea or Anthene.
2221Authors are not agreed as to the site of this town and that of Anthea or Anthene.
2222Memorable for the pitched battle between 300 Argives and 300 Spartans,—Othryades being the sole survivor of the Spartans, and Alcenor and Chromius of the Argives.
2222Memorable for the pitched battle between 300 Argives and 300 Spartans,—Othryades being the sole survivor of the Spartans, and Alcenor and Chromius of the Argives.
2223By Homer called Enope.
2223By Homer called Enope.
2224Pente Dactylon, or Pente Dactyli, the “Five Fingers,” is the present name of the range of Taygetus. Its principal summits are now St. Elias and Paixamadhi. The river Eurotas is now called Iris and Niris in its upper and middle course, and Basili-potamo from the Spartan plain to the sea.
2224Pente Dactylon, or Pente Dactyli, the “Five Fingers,” is the present name of the range of Taygetus. Its principal summits are now St. Elias and Paixamadhi. The river Eurotas is now called Iris and Niris in its upper and middle course, and Basili-potamo from the Spartan plain to the sea.
2225Ægila, according to Leake, occupied the site of the present Scutari; if so, this gulf was probably the Gulf of Scutari. Psamathus was near the point of Tænarum.
2225Ægila, according to Leake, occupied the site of the present Scutari; if so, this gulf was probably the Gulf of Scutari. Psamathus was near the point of Tænarum.
2226Or Gythium, near the mouth of the Eurotas. It was famous for its cheeses. The ruins are called Paleopoli, a little to the north of Marathonisi.
2226Or Gythium, near the mouth of the Eurotas. It was famous for its cheeses. The ruins are called Paleopoli, a little to the north of Marathonisi.
2227Now Capo Santo Angelo.
2227Now Capo Santo Angelo.
2228Now Capo Skillo.
2228Now Capo Skillo.
2229Or BϾ. Its ruins are to be seen at the head of the Gulf of Vatika.
2229Or BϾ. Its ruins are to be seen at the head of the Gulf of Vatika.
2230It stood on the site of the place called Palæ-Emvasia, above Monembasia.
2230It stood on the site of the place called Palæ-Emvasia, above Monembasia.
2231Its site is the modern Porto Kari, according to Ansart.
2231Its site is the modern Porto Kari, according to Ansart.
2232Leake places Cyphanta either at Cyparissi, or farther north, at Lenidhi. Ansart makes it the modern Porto Botte, or Stilo.
2232Leake places Cyphanta either at Cyparissi, or farther north, at Lenidhi. Ansart makes it the modern Porto Botte, or Stilo.
2233Now the Banitza. The Erasinus is the modern Kephalari.
2233Now the Banitza. The Erasinus is the modern Kephalari.
2234So called from its breed of horses. It is now also called Argos; three leagues from Napoli di Romania.
2234So called from its breed of horses. It is now also called Argos; three leagues from Napoli di Romania.
2235Its site is now called Milos. In the marshes in its vicinity Hercules was said to have killed the Lernæan Hydra.
2235Its site is now called Milos. In the marshes in its vicinity Hercules was said to have killed the Lernæan Hydra.
2236Karvata is the name of the place on its site. Its ruins are numerous, and of great magnificence.
2236Karvata is the name of the place on its site. Its ruins are numerous, and of great magnificence.
2237Its ruins are of the most interesting nature, presenting enormous masses of stone, of Cyclopian architecture. The spot is at the present day called Palæ-Nauplia.
2237Its ruins are of the most interesting nature, presenting enormous masses of stone, of Cyclopian architecture. The spot is at the present day called Palæ-Nauplia.
2238It must not be confounded with the place in Arcadia, where Epaminondas fell. Its site appears to be unknown.
2238It must not be confounded with the place in Arcadia, where Epaminondas fell. Its site appears to be unknown.
2239Or Apesas, in the territory of Cleonæ, now called Fuka. Artemius is probably the present Malvouni, or Malcyo.
2239Or Apesas, in the territory of Cleonæ, now called Fuka. Artemius is probably the present Malvouni, or Malcyo.
2240A river of the same name rose in this mountain; its identity is unknown.
2240A river of the same name rose in this mountain; its identity is unknown.
2241So called from Niobe, the sister of Pelops and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. The spring of Amymone ran into the lake of Lerna.
2241So called from Niobe, the sister of Pelops and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. The spring of Amymone ran into the lake of Lerna.
2242Its ruins are to be seen in the vicinity of the modern village of Castri: they are very extensive.
2242Its ruins are to be seen in the vicinity of the modern village of Castri: they are very extensive.
2243The modern Dhamala occupies the site of Trœzen.
2243The modern Dhamala occupies the site of Trœzen.
2244The identity of this Coryphasium seems to be unascertained. There was a promontory of that name in Messenia; but it cannot be the place here spoken of.
2244The identity of this Coryphasium seems to be unascertained. There was a promontory of that name in Messenia; but it cannot be the place here spoken of.
2245It is supposed that Pliny here alludes to Argos Hippium, which he has previously mentioned; but only in connection with the rivers Inachus and Erasinus, and not as included in the list of the towns of Argolis. The origin of the term “Dipsian” is probably unknown. It could hardly allude to drought, as Argos was abundantly supplied with water. But see B. vii. c. 57.
2245It is supposed that Pliny here alludes to Argos Hippium, which he has previously mentioned; but only in connection with the rivers Inachus and Erasinus, and not as included in the list of the towns of Argolis. The origin of the term “Dipsian” is probably unknown. It could hardly allude to drought, as Argos was abundantly supplied with water. But see B. vii. c. 57.
2246Ansart says that this is the modern Porto Estremo, at the mouth of the Saronic Gulf.
2246Ansart says that this is the modern Porto Estremo, at the mouth of the Saronic Gulf.
2247Hesychius says that oaks were calledσαρωνιδὲςin the language of ancient Greece. This gulf is now called the Gulf of Egina, or of Athens.
2247Hesychius says that oaks were calledσαρωνιδὲςin the language of ancient Greece. This gulf is now called the Gulf of Egina, or of Athens.
2248He was worshipped here under the form of a serpent; and his temple, five miles from Epidaurus, was resorted to by patients from all parts of Greece for the cure of their diseases. The ruins of this temple are still to be seen, and those of the theatre at Epidaurus are very extensive. The village of Pidharvo stands in the midst of the ruins.
2248He was worshipped here under the form of a serpent; and his temple, five miles from Epidaurus, was resorted to by patients from all parts of Greece for the cure of their diseases. The ruins of this temple are still to be seen, and those of the theatre at Epidaurus are very extensive. The village of Pidharvo stands in the midst of the ruins.
2249The modern Capo Franco.
2249The modern Capo Franco.
2250Lapie takes Anthedus, or Anthedon, to be the place now called Porto d’Athene.
2250Lapie takes Anthedus, or Anthedon, to be the place now called Porto d’Athene.
2251This appears to have been a port of Corinth, on a promontory of the same name, meaning, probably from its shape, the “Bull’s Head Point.”
2251This appears to have been a port of Corinth, on a promontory of the same name, meaning, probably from its shape, the “Bull’s Head Point.”
2252Called the ‘Posideium’; in its vicinity the games were celebrated. The Isthmian Sanctuary was especially famous as a place of refuge.
2252Called the ‘Posideium’; in its vicinity the games were celebrated. The Isthmian Sanctuary was especially famous as a place of refuge.
2253Fromδρυμωδὴς, “woody,” it being filled with groves and forests.
2253Fromδρυμωδὴς, “woody,” it being filled with groves and forests.
2254Now called the Khan of Tripotamo.
2254Now called the Khan of Tripotamo.
2255Now called Paleopoli. Here Epaminondas fell, fighting against the Spartans,B.C.362.
2255Now called Paleopoli. Here Epaminondas fell, fighting against the Spartans,B.C.362.
2256In the N.E. of Arcadia. Its ruins are supposed to be those seen near the modern Chionia. It was in the vicinity of the lake of the same name, the scene of one of the labours of Hercules.
2256In the N.E. of Arcadia. Its ruins are supposed to be those seen near the modern Chionia. It was in the vicinity of the lake of the same name, the scene of one of the labours of Hercules.
2257An important city: the modern Piali marks its site.
2257An important city: the modern Piali marks its site.
2258Built upon the ruins of the ancient Mantinea.
2258Built upon the ruins of the ancient Mantinea.
2259An ancient town mentioned by Homer, N.W. of Mantinea. The modern Kalpaki stands on its site.
2259An ancient town mentioned by Homer, N.W. of Mantinea. The modern Kalpaki stands on its site.
2260Or Pheneus, on the N.W. of Arcadia. Phonia stands on its site.
2260Or Pheneus, on the N.W. of Arcadia. Phonia stands on its site.
2261Near Tegea; said to have been the birth-place of Evander. On the foundation of Megalopolis, it was nearly deserted, but was restored by Antoninus Pius. Its ruins are supposed to be those seen near the modern village of Thana, according to Ansart.
2261Near Tegea; said to have been the birth-place of Evander. On the foundation of Megalopolis, it was nearly deserted, but was restored by Antoninus Pius. Its ruins are supposed to be those seen near the modern village of Thana, according to Ansart.
2262It being said to have been so called in compliment to Evander, a native, as above stated, of Palantium.
2262It being said to have been so called in compliment to Evander, a native, as above stated, of Palantium.
2263Founded by the advice of Epaminondas, after the battle of Leuctra,B.C.371, near the frontiers of Messenia. The ruins of its theatre, once the largest in Greece, are the only remains of it now to be seen, near the modern village of Sinano.
2263Founded by the advice of Epaminondas, after the battle of Leuctra,B.C.371, near the frontiers of Messenia. The ruins of its theatre, once the largest in Greece, are the only remains of it now to be seen, near the modern village of Sinano.
2264It contained a famous temple of Æsculapius. Its ruins are to be seen near the village of Atzikolo. The exact site of Bucolion, which was near Megalopolis, is probably unknown, though Ansart says that the spot is called Troupiais. Of Carnion nothing is known.
2264It contained a famous temple of Æsculapius. Its ruins are to be seen near the village of Atzikolo. The exact site of Bucolion, which was near Megalopolis, is probably unknown, though Ansart says that the spot is called Troupiais. Of Carnion nothing is known.
2265The town of Parrhasia, which is mentioned by Homer, seems to have given name to the Parrhasian district. Leake thinks it to be the same as Lycosura.
2265The town of Parrhasia, which is mentioned by Homer, seems to have given name to the Parrhasian district. Leake thinks it to be the same as Lycosura.
2266On the river Ladon: its ruins are seen near the modern Vanena.
2266On the river Ladon: its ruins are seen near the modern Vanena.
2267In the west of Arcadia, on the river Alpheus.
2267In the west of Arcadia, on the river Alpheus.
2268Or “Juno’s Town.” It was a place of great importance, situate on the lower Alpheus. Its remains are to be seen on a hill west of the village of Aianni, or St. John. They are very inconsiderable. Its wine was highly esteemed, and still maintains its ancient celebrity.
2268Or “Juno’s Town.” It was a place of great importance, situate on the lower Alpheus. Its remains are to be seen on a hill west of the village of Aianni, or St. John. They are very inconsiderable. Its wine was highly esteemed, and still maintains its ancient celebrity.
2269Of Pylæ, Pallene, Agræ, and Epium, nothing appears to be known.
2269Of Pylæ, Pallene, Agræ, and Epium, nothing appears to be known.
2270Or Cynætha, in the north of Arcadia, upon the Aroanian mountains, beyond the natural boundaries of Arcadia. The modern village of Kalavryta occupies its site; but there are scarcely any traces of its remains.
2270Or Cynætha, in the north of Arcadia, upon the Aroanian mountains, beyond the natural boundaries of Arcadia. The modern village of Kalavryta occupies its site; but there are scarcely any traces of its remains.
2271Or Lepreum, so called to distinguish it from Lepreum in Elis.
2271Or Lepreum, so called to distinguish it from Lepreum in Elis.
2272Nothing seems to be known of this Parthenium. Alea lay between Orchomenus and Stymphalus. Its ruins have been discovered in the dark valley of Skotini, a mile to the N.E. of the village of Buyati.
2272Nothing seems to be known of this Parthenium. Alea lay between Orchomenus and Stymphalus. Its ruins have been discovered in the dark valley of Skotini, a mile to the N.E. of the village of Buyati.
2273Its site has the modern name of Palæopyrgos. The sites of Enispe, mentioned by Homer, and Macistum, are unknown.
2273Its site has the modern name of Palæopyrgos. The sites of Enispe, mentioned by Homer, and Macistum, are unknown.
2274Or Cleitor, a famous town of Arcadia. Its ruins are to be seen on the plain of Kalzana, or Katzanes. One of the rivulets that ran past it still retains the name of Clitora.
2274Or Cleitor, a famous town of Arcadia. Its ruins are to be seen on the plain of Kalzana, or Katzanes. One of the rivulets that ran past it still retains the name of Clitora.
2275Its ruins, few in number, but testifying its importance, are found near the modern village of Kleves, not far from Kurtesi. The Nemean games were celebrated in honour of Hercules in the grove of Nemea, between Cleonæ and Phlius.
2275Its ruins, few in number, but testifying its importance, are found near the modern village of Kleves, not far from Kurtesi. The Nemean games were celebrated in honour of Hercules in the grove of Nemea, between Cleonæ and Phlius.
2276From the village of Bembina there, mentioned by Strabo, and on which Koutzomati probably now stands.
2276From the village of Bembina there, mentioned by Strabo, and on which Koutzomati probably now stands.
2277Now called Olono. It received its name from the Centaur Pholus, accidentally slain by one of the poisoned arrows of Hercules.
2277Now called Olono. It received its name from the Centaur Pholus, accidentally slain by one of the poisoned arrows of Hercules.
2278The modern Zyria.
2278The modern Zyria.
2279Nomiai and Hellenitza are modern names given to this mountain.
2279Nomiai and Hellenitza are modern names given to this mountain.
2280In the south of Arcadia. It is now called Roïnon.
2280In the south of Arcadia. It is now called Roïnon.
2281Or Artemisium, forming the boundary between Argolis and Arcadia. It is now called Turniki.
2281Or Artemisium, forming the boundary between Argolis and Arcadia. It is now called Turniki.
2282The pass by this mountain from Argolis to Tegea is still called Partheni.
2282The pass by this mountain from Argolis to Tegea is still called Partheni.
2283Now called Zembi, according to Ansart.
2283Now called Zembi, according to Ansart.
2284The town of Nonacris stood at its foot. The river Styx took its rise in these mountains.
2284The town of Nonacris stood at its foot. The river Styx took its rise in these mountains.
2285Now called the Landona.
2285Now called the Landona.
2286The town now called Fonia, already mentioned by Pliny. The waters of its marshes were discharged by a subterranean passage, said to have been made by Hercules.
2286The town now called Fonia, already mentioned by Pliny. The waters of its marshes were discharged by a subterranean passage, said to have been made by Hercules.
2287Now called the Dogana. The two principal heights of Mount Erymanthus are Olonos and Kalefoni.
2287Now called the Dogana. The two principal heights of Mount Erymanthus are Olonos and Kalefoni.
2288The people of Aliphira, a town of Arcadia, in the district of Cynura. Considerable remains of it are still to be seen on the hill of Nerovitza.
2288The people of Aliphira, a town of Arcadia, in the district of Cynura. Considerable remains of it are still to be seen on the hill of Nerovitza.
2289The people of Abea, in Messenia.
2289The people of Abea, in Messenia.
2290The people of Pyrgos, in Arcadia.
2290The people of Pyrgos, in Arcadia.
2291The people of Paroræa, in Arcadia. Of the two next, nothing appears to be known.
2291The people of Paroræa, in Arcadia. Of the two next, nothing appears to be known.
2292The inhabitants of Typaneæ, in Elis.
2292The inhabitants of Typaneæ, in Elis.
2293The people of Thrius, in Elis, near Patræ.
2293The people of Thrius, in Elis, near Patræ.
2294The people of Tritia, in Achaia, now Chalanthistra.
2294The people of Tritia, in Achaia, now Chalanthistra.
2295Nero abolished the institutions of the Roman province of Achaia, which had been assigned to the Roman senate, and governed by a proconsul, granting it its liberty. Vespasian, however, again established the provincial government, and compelled the Greeks to pay a yearly tribute.
2295Nero abolished the institutions of the Roman province of Achaia, which had been assigned to the Roman senate, and governed by a proconsul, granting it its liberty. Vespasian, however, again established the provincial government, and compelled the Greeks to pay a yearly tribute.
2296Now Vostitza.
2296Now Vostitza.
2297See p.281.
2297See p.281.
2298From the Greekἀκτὴ, “the sea-shore.”
2298From the Greekἀκτὴ, “the sea-shore.”
2299It still retains its ancient name.
2299It still retains its ancient name.
2300Or Pegæ. It lay on the borders of the Corinthian Gulf, being, as Pliny says, the utmost point of the Peloponnesus on that side, as Megara was on the Saronic Gulf. According to Kruse, Psato occupies its site, but according to Lapie, Alepochori. The former is most probably correct.
2300Or Pegæ. It lay on the borders of the Corinthian Gulf, being, as Pliny says, the utmost point of the Peloponnesus on that side, as Megara was on the Saronic Gulf. According to Kruse, Psato occupies its site, but according to Lapie, Alepochori. The former is most probably correct.
2301On the Corinthian Gulf. Porto Ghermano occupies its site.
2301On the Corinthian Gulf. Porto Ghermano occupies its site.
2302On the Saronic Gulf, to the north of Cenchreæ. The present Porto Cocosi occupies its site.
2302On the Saronic Gulf, to the north of Cenchreæ. The present Porto Cocosi occupies its site.
2303Now Leandra, according to Ansart.
2303Now Leandra, according to Ansart.
2304Or Crommyon. It was the chief place on the Saronic Gulf, between the Isthmus, properly so called, and Megara. Its ruins are thought to be those seen near the chapel of Saint Theodorus. It was said to have been the haunt of the wild boar killed by Theseus.
2304Or Crommyon. It was the chief place on the Saronic Gulf, between the Isthmus, properly so called, and Megara. Its ruins are thought to be those seen near the chapel of Saint Theodorus. It was said to have been the haunt of the wild boar killed by Theseus.
2305So called from being the scene of the ravages of the robber Sciron. They are now called Kaki Scala.
2305So called from being the scene of the ravages of the robber Sciron. They are now called Kaki Scala.
2306Famous as the principal seat of the worship of the goddesses Demeter and Persephone. Its remains are to be seen at the modern Lefsina.
2306Famous as the principal seat of the worship of the goddesses Demeter and Persephone. Its remains are to be seen at the modern Lefsina.
2307Pera Chora marks its site. It was a member of the Tetrapolis of Attica, and Probalinthos another.
2307Pera Chora marks its site. It was a member of the Tetrapolis of Attica, and Probalinthos another.
2308Ulrichs, the best authority, places the port of Phalerum at the east corner of the great Phaleric Bay, in the vicinity of Tripirghi, or the Three Towers. The three harbours of the Piræus are the present Phanari, Stratiotiki or Paschalimani, and Drako or Porto Leone.
2308Ulrichs, the best authority, places the port of Phalerum at the east corner of the great Phaleric Bay, in the vicinity of Tripirghi, or the Three Towers. The three harbours of the Piræus are the present Phanari, Stratiotiki or Paschalimani, and Drako or Porto Leone.