Chapter 682

2332See Ælian, Var. Hist. xiv. 18.

2333There surely must be a wrong reading here, or he cannot intend this to be understood literally.

2334See B. xi. c. 96.

2335One of the mistresses of Louis XV. not only did this, but (in a spirit of great charity and consideration, of course) gave the milk to the poor after she had thus used it.

2336“Ad desideria mulierum.”

2337See c. 28 of this Book.

2338See Beckmann’sHist. Inv.II. 92-3,Bohn’s Ed., where this subject is treated at considerable length.

2339“Rutilandis capillis.”

2340“Eam mori tradunt.” The reading here is very doubtful.

2341“Subulo.”

2342Asses’ milk is still recommended for pulmonary phthisis.

2343See B. viii. c. 16.

2344This would appear to be a Greek word in reality.

2345“Tunica.”

2346See B. xx. c. 2.

2347See B. xxv. c. 67. Mares’ milk isnota purgative; and goats’ milk, as Ajasson remarks, is somewhat astringent. Juice of Cyclamen, on the other hand, or sow-bread, is highly purgative.

2348See B. xviii. c. 14.

2349In Chap. 57 of this Book.

2350“Protropum.” See B. xiv. cc. 9, 11.

2351A kind of black pudding. Dupinet, the old French translator, says that in his time the people of the Alpine regions still called this dishsanchet.

2352He uses “tænia” probably, as a general name for intestinal worms.

2353In c. 49 of this Book.

2354In c. 57 of this Book.

2355“Sapa.” Grape-juice boiled down to two-thirds: see B. xiv. c. 11.

2356In reality, these are biliary calculi, found in the gall-bladder of the animal. They are called “bezoar” stones, from a Persian word signifying “destructive to poison.”

2357See B. viii. c. 77.

2358In c. 49 of this Book.

2359Ajasson remarks that arsenic should be used with the greatest care in such a case.

2360“Rubi.” He probably means the bramble-berry.

2361See B. xviii. c. 14.

2362“Onager.”

2363Arising, by sympathy, from sores in other parts of the body.

2364See B. xxvi. c. 31. Bears’ grease is of no use whatever for the cure of gout.

2365See B. xix. c. 31, B. xxi. cc. 62, 104, and B. xxii. cc. 19, 20.

2366See B. xxi. c. 56.

2367This mode of cure, Ajasson says, is still employed in the East, where the preparation is known by the name ofmoza.

2368“Potum vero ex aquâ sublime.” The true reading and the meaning are equally doubtful.

2369Spoken of as “polea” in c. 57.

2370In B. viii. c. 50. Because the animal itself was supposed to be free from fever.

2371Or “quotidian,” daily fever.

2372A rather singular episode in his narrative. It looks like a gloss.

2373Under this name, as Ajasson remarks, the affections now called “hysteria” are included.

2374“Veternum.”

2375Another instance of smoking, though not a very tempting one.

2376See B. xviii. c. 29.

2377“Rupicapra”.

2378“Subulo”.

2379From the Greek.

2380See B. xix. c. 27, B. xx. c. 15, and B. xxv. c. 64.

2381“Eruptionibus pituitæ.”

2382Where the sinew has been wounded and exposed, either vinegar or honey, Ajasson remarks, would be a highly dangerous application.

2383“Reverentiores.”

2384“Trigario.”

2385See B. xii. c. 51.

2386See B. xxv. c. 101.

2387“Bad habit.” A sort of cancer, or malignant ulcer.

2388See B. xxiv. c. 35.

2389“Propolis.” See B. xi. c. 6.

2390In B. xi. c. 79.

2391See B. xxv. cc. 79, 84, 91.

2392See B. xiii. c. 49.

2393There is probably some truth in these statements as to the utility of butter and honey for infants.

2394Ajasson explains this by saying that the hare being eaten by the people of ancient Latium on festival days, with plenteous potations, they erroneously supposed the narcotic effects of the wine to be produced by the flesh of the hare.

2395The resemblance of “lepos,” “grace,” to “lepus,” “a hare.” See Martial, B. v. Ep. 29.

2396Georg. iii. 280. He alludes to the “hippomanes.”

2397Hardouin is probably right in his suggestion that “Dalion” is the correct reading here.

2398He has already stated, in c. 44, that a horse will become torpid if it follows in the track of a wolf; for which statement, according to Ajasson, there appears to be some foundation.

2399See B. xix. c. 15.

2400This is not unlikely; for it has no alarms to make it grow thin.

2401See B. viii. c. 41, as to a similar practice on the part of the panther.

2402See end of B. ii.

2403See end of B. ii.

2404For Fabianus Papirius, see end of B. ii. For Fabianus Sabinus, see end of B. xviii.

2405See end of B. ii.

2406See end of B. iii.

2407See end of B. iii.

2408Servius Sulpicius Lemonia Rufus, a contemporary and friend of Cicero. He was Consul with M. Claudius Marcellus,B.C.51, and diedB.C.43, at the siege of Mutina. He left about 180 treatises on various subjects; but beyond the fact that he is often quoted by the writers whose works form part of the Digest, none of his writings (with the exception of two letters to Cicero) have come down to us.

2409See end of B. xix.

2410See end of B. vii.

2411See end of B. vii.

2412See end of B. xii.

2413From the mention made of him in Chap. 23, he was probably a physician. Nothing further is known of him.

2414Aurelius Opilius, the freedman of an Epicurean. He taught philosophy, rhetoric, and grammar at Rome, but finally withdrew to Smyrna. One of his works, mentioned by A. Gellius, was entitled “Musæ,” and the name of another was “Pinax.”

2415From the mention made of his profound speculations in Chap. 9, Fabricius has reckoned him among the medical writers of Rome. It has also been suggested that he may have been the Granius Flaccus mentioned by Censorinus as the author of the “Indigitamenta,” or Register of the Pontiffs.

2416See end of B. ii.

2417Probably Apollonius Mus, or Myronides, a physician who flourished in the first centuryB.C., who is mostly identified with Apollonius Herophileius. His “Myrosis” here mentioned is probably the work “On Unguents” mentioned by Athenæus, B. xv.

2418Nothing whatever is known of him. It has been suggested that the name may have been “Melitus.” A contemporary of Socrates, an orator and tragic writer, was so named.

2419Beyond the mention of him in c. 2 of this Book, nothing is known relative to this medical writer: no great loss, perhaps, if we may judge from the extract there given.

2420Though mentioned among the foreign writers, the name is evidently Roman. Nothing relative to him is known.

2421See end of B. xii.

2422See end of B. iii.

2423Probably the writer mentioned at the end of B. viii.

2424See end of B. viii.

2425See end of B. xx.

2426See end of B. xx. The “Idiophya” was probably a work “On the Peculiar Animals,” which passed as the composition of the mythic Orpheus.

2427A Greek poet, said to have been born at Chersonesus, a town in Egypt. Some of his Epigrams are still extant in the Anthology, and it has been suggested that he flourished either in the time of Ptolemy Soter, of Ptolemy Euergetes II., or of Ptolemy Philadelphus. His work “On Peculiar Animals,” here mentioned, was probably written in verse.

2428See end of B. viii.

2429A female writer on medical subjects. In addition to her work mentioned in Chap. 23 of this Book, Labbe speaks of a work of hers in MS. “On Menstruation,” preserved in the Library at Florence.

2430The female who is mentioned in Chap. 23 of this Book as having written on Abortion, or the Diseases peculiar to Females, was probably a different person from either of the two famous courtesans of that name. Nothing whatever is known of her.

2431The writer of certain amatory poems, much admired by the Emperor Tiberius, generally supposed, from the grammatical form of the name, to have been a female. Galen quotes a work “On Cosmetics,” as written by a person of this name.

2432A native of Lemnos, who wrote on the Diseases of Women. Nymphodorus, as quoted by Athenæus, states that she also wrote verses on Sportive subjects.

2433See end of B. xx.

2434Beyond the mention made of him in c. 23, nothing further is known relative to this writer. Theophrastus, in his work on Sudorifics, speaks of a person of this name as having written on Perspiration.

2435See end of B. xii.

2436See end of B. xx.

2437Beyond the mention made of him in c. 7 of this Book, nothing is known of this writer. Hardouin suggests that he may have been identical with the Micton mentioned at the end of B. xx.

2438He is spoken of as a native of Athens, in c. 10 of this Book. Beyond this, nothing is known of him.

2439See end of B. vii.

2440See end of B. ii.

2441See end of B. iii.

2442Or more probably, Hicetidas. Nothing is known of this writer.

2443A native of Thasos. He is also mentioned by Galen.

2444See end of B. vii.

2445See end of B. vi.

2446Probably a physician, of whom Athenæus speaks as being a native of Argos, and writer of a treatise on Fish.

2447Probably a different writer from the one of that name mentioned at the end of B. vi.

2448Περὶ δυνάμεων.

2449See end of B. xxi.

2450See end of B. v.

2451He must surely have forgotten Celsus; unless, indeed, Pliny was unacquainted with his treatise “De Medicinâ.”

2452Apollo and Æsculapius, Agenor, Hercules, Chiron, and others.

2453The husband of Leda, and the father of Castor, Timandra, Clytæmnestra, and Philonoë. Hippolytus also was fabled to have been raised from the dead by Æsculapius.

2454Hippocrates is generally supposed to have been bornB.C.460.

2455In order to destroy the medical books and prescriptions there. The same story is told, with little variation, of Avicenna. Cnidos is also mentioned as the scene of this act of philosophical incendiarism.

2456“Clinice”—Chamber-physic, so called because the physician visited his patientsἐν κλίνῃ, “in bed.”

2457It is supposed by most commentators that Pliny commits a mistake here, and that in reality he is alluding to Herodicus of Selymbria in Thrace, who was thetutor, and not the disciple, of Hippocrates. Prodicus of Selymbria does not appear to be known.

2458“Healing by ointments,” or, as we should call it at the present day, “The Friction cure.”

2459“Mediastinis.”

2460Pythias, the daughter of Aristotle, was his stepmother, and adopted him. His mother’s name was Cretoxena.

2461Or “Sect of Experimentalists.” They based their practice upon experience derived from the observation of facts. The word “Empiric” is used only in a bad sense at the present day. For an account of Hippocrates, see end of B. vii.; of Chrysippus, see end of B. xx.; and of Erasistratus, see end of B. xi.

2462See end of B. xi.

2463See end of B. xi.

2464See B. xi. c. 88. The Chinese, Ajasson remarks, apply the musical scale to the pulsation; it being a belief of the Mandarins that the body is a musical instrument, and that to be in health it must be kept in tune.

2465In B. xxvi. cc. 7, 8.

2466See end of B. xi.

2467See B. xix. c. 38.

2468Rather more than £4400.

2469More than £265,000.

2470For which he was put to deathA.D.48.

2471A native of Tralles in Lydia, and the son of a weaver there. Galen mentions him in terms of contempt and ridicule.

2472“Invasit.”

2473Ep. 53 and 83. His “adstipulatio” is of a very equivocal character, however.

2474“Turbâ medicorum perii.” This is supposed to be borrowed from a line of Menander—Πολλῶν ἰατρῶν εἴσοδος μ’ ἀπώλεσεν.

2474“Turbâ medicorum perii.” This is supposed to be borrowed from a line of Menander—

Πολλῶν ἰατρῶν εἴσοδος μ’ ἀπώλεσεν.

2475“Flatu.”

2476Herodotus states this with reference to the Babylonians; Strabo, the Bastitani, a people of Spain; and Eusebius, the more ancient inhabitants of Spain.

2477See B. xx. c. 33.

2478See end of B. xii.

2479“Jus Quiritium.”

2480“Tabernam.” A surgery, in fact, the same as the “iatreion” of the Greeks.

2481Or “carrefour”—“compitum.” The AcilianGenspretended to be under the especial tutelage of the gods of medicine.

2482The “Wound-curer,” from “vulnus,” a wound.

2483“Executioner,” or “hangman.”

2484For his conquests in Spain.

2485“Illorum literas inspicere.”

2486On the principle that that which costs moneymustbe worth having.

2487The Opici or Osci were an ancient tribe of Italy, settled in Campania, Latium, and Samnium. From their uncivilized habits the name was long used as a reproachful epithet, equivalent to our words “bumpkin,” “clodhopper,” or “chawbacon.”

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