3041Or “golden beryl,” The modern Chrysoberyl is altogether a different stone from the one here described, which probably is identical with Chrysoprase or leek-green Chalcedony, the stone next mentioned.
3041Or “golden beryl,” The modern Chrysoberyl is altogether a different stone from the one here described, which probably is identical with Chrysoprase or leek-green Chalcedony, the stone next mentioned.
3042“Leek-green and gold.”
3042“Leek-green and gold.”
3043“Sky-coloured.”
3043“Sky-coloured.”
3044The largest specimen of Beryl known, belonged to Don Pedro. It was not cylindrical in form, but shaped like the head of a calf, and weighed 225 ounces troy.
3044The largest specimen of Beryl known, belonged to Don Pedro. It was not cylindrical in form, but shaped like the head of a calf, and weighed 225 ounces troy.
3045Which is the case.
3045Which is the case.
3046In Chapter18of this Book.
3046In Chapter18of this Book.
3047“Pterygia.”
3047“Pterygia.”
3048In the Uralian Mountains, for example.
3048In the Uralian Mountains, for example.
3049Opals are hydrated silica, the amount of water varying.
3049Opals are hydrated silica, the amount of water varying.
3050On the contrary, precious Opal is found in Hungary, at Frankfort, and in Honduras, and other varieties in numerous parts of the world, including the East Indies.
3050On the contrary, precious Opal is found in Hungary, at Frankfort, and in Honduras, and other varieties in numerous parts of the world, including the East Indies.
3051See Chapter25of this Book.
3051See Chapter25of this Book.
3052See B. xxxv. c.28.
3052See B. xxxv. c.28.
3053The largest opal known is in the Imperial cabinet at Vienna. It is the size of a man’s fist, and weighs 17 ounces, but is full of fissures.
3053The largest opal known is in the Imperial cabinet at Vienna. It is the size of a man’s fist, and weighs 17 ounces, but is full of fissures.
3054See Carm. 53 of the Poems of Catullus.
3054See Carm. 53 of the Poems of Catullus.
3055A.U.C.788.
3055A.U.C.788.
3056See B. viii. c. 47. He alludes to the story of the Beaver.
3056See B. viii. c. 47. He alludes to the story of the Beaver.
3057See B. xxii. c. 29.
3057See B. xxii. c. 29.
3058This is the case withcommonopal, as distinguished frompreciousopal.
3058This is the case withcommonopal, as distinguished frompreciousopal.
3059“Lovely youth.”
3059“Lovely youth.”
3060Said ironically. There is a somewhat similar remark in B. xxxiii. c.12.
3060Said ironically. There is a somewhat similar remark in B. xxxiii. c.12.
3061A mixture of brown-red and white chalcedony.
3061A mixture of brown-red and white chalcedony.
3062From the GreekΣάρδιον, “sard,” andὄνυξ, a “finger nail.”
3062From the GreekΣάρδιον, “sard,” andὄνυξ, a “finger nail.”
3063His meaning seems to be that it does not present the bright transparent red of the Indian Sarda or Carnelian. See Chapter31of this Book.
3063His meaning seems to be that it does not present the bright transparent red of the Indian Sarda or Carnelian. See Chapter31of this Book.
3064“Quâdam spe.”Un soupçon, as the French would say.
3064“Quâdam spe.”Un soupçon, as the French would say.
3065This would appear, from the description, to be an Agate, or variegated Chalcedony.
3065This would appear, from the description, to be an Agate, or variegated Chalcedony.
3066He probably intends to include the Sarda or Carnelian here.
3066He probably intends to include the Sarda or Carnelian here.
3067A variety, probably, of common Chalcedony.
3067A variety, probably, of common Chalcedony.
3068See B. ix. cc. 74, 88, and B. xxxii. c.53.
3068See B. ix. cc. 74, 88, and B. xxxii. c.53.
3069“Fæculentæ,” of the colour of wine-lees.
3069“Fæculentæ,” of the colour of wine-lees.
3070So called fromὄνυξ, a “finger-nail.” It is a variety of the Chalcedony, resembling Agate, but the colours are arranged in flat horizontal planes.
3070So called fromὄνυξ, a “finger-nail.” It is a variety of the Chalcedony, resembling Agate, but the colours are arranged in flat horizontal planes.
3071See B. xxxiv. c.22, and B. xxxvi. c.12.
3071See B. xxxiv. c.22, and B. xxxvi. c.12.
3072It is pretty clear that the Onyx of Pliny included not only our Onyx, but several other varieties of the Chalcedony.
3072It is pretty clear that the Onyx of Pliny included not only our Onyx, but several other varieties of the Chalcedony.
3073“Igniculos.”
3073“Igniculos.”
3074“Carnosas.” It is somewhat doubtful whether our Carnelian, or Cornelian, take its name from this word, or from “cornus,” a cornel-berry.
3074“Carnosas.” It is somewhat doubtful whether our Carnelian, or Cornelian, take its name from this word, or from “cornus,” a cornel-berry.
3075See Chapter31.
3075See Chapter31.
3076Literally meaning a “red-hot coal.” The carbunculus of Pliny is supposed to include not only the red, or Iron and Iron-lime garnet, but the Spinelle ruby also, or Oriental ruby.
3076Literally meaning a “red-hot coal.” The carbunculus of Pliny is supposed to include not only the red, or Iron and Iron-lime garnet, but the Spinelle ruby also, or Oriental ruby.
3077There is some truth in this, as some few kinds both of the Garnet and Ruby are infusible. Of the ruby, the red varieties change to brown, black, and opaque even, as the temperature increases, and on cooling become first green, and then nearly colourless, but at last resume their red colour.
3077There is some truth in this, as some few kinds both of the Garnet and Ruby are infusible. Of the ruby, the red varieties change to brown, black, and opaque even, as the temperature increases, and on cooling become first green, and then nearly colourless, but at last resume their red colour.
3078From the Greek; meaning “incombustible.”
3078From the Greek; meaning “incombustible.”
3079FromΚαρχήδων, the Greek name for Carthage.
3079FromΚαρχήδων, the Greek name for Carthage.
3080Carthago Magna, so called in contradistinction to Carthage Nova, or New Carthage, in Spain.
3080Carthago Magna, so called in contradistinction to Carthage Nova, or New Carthage, in Spain.
3081See B. v. c. 29.
3081See B. v. c. 29.
3082In the vicinity of Orthosia. It is from this place that one kind of garnet is now called “Almandine.” There is also the Almandine, or violet-coloured ruby. Sec Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 238.Bohn’s Edition.It is probable that Carthage was the great entrepôt for the carbunculi of the Garamantes and Æthiopia, where Red sapphire, Red corundum, or Oriental ruby, was probably found.
3082In the vicinity of Orthosia. It is from this place that one kind of garnet is now called “Almandine.” There is also the Almandine, or violet-coloured ruby. Sec Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 238.Bohn’s Edition.It is probable that Carthage was the great entrepôt for the carbunculi of the Garamantes and Æthiopia, where Red sapphire, Red corundum, or Oriental ruby, was probably found.
3083A variety, perhaps, of Iron garnet, or Iron-lime garnet.
3083A variety, perhaps, of Iron garnet, or Iron-lime garnet.
3084Desfontaines suggests that this may have been the Balas ruby, or possibly the Syrian Garnet, of a violet purple colour. Not improbably it is the Almandine ruby.
3084Desfontaines suggests that this may have been the Balas ruby, or possibly the Syrian Garnet, of a violet purple colour. Not improbably it is the Almandine ruby.
3085“Pinnato fulgore.” This mottled appearance is to be seen in the interior of some red garnets.
3085“Pinnato fulgore.” This mottled appearance is to be seen in the interior of some red garnets.
3086Common garnets, probably.
3086Common garnets, probably.
3087Sillig suggests that this may be fromλιγνὺς, “soot.” The reading, however, is extremely doubtful.
3087Sillig suggests that this may be fromλιγνὺς, “soot.” The reading, however, is extremely doubtful.
3088See Introduction to Vol. III. If this is the truth, they were made of some of the crystals of the garnet, probably.
3088See Introduction to Vol. III. If this is the truth, they were made of some of the crystals of the garnet, probably.
3089De Lapid. see 61.
3089De Lapid. see 61.
3090“Pliny has here committed a gross mistake, which has not been observed by Hardouin. Theophrastus, in the passage alluded to, does not speak of a ruby, but the well-known black marble of Chio; though he calls bothcarbunculus, a name given to the ruby, on account of its likeness to a burning coal, and to the black marble on account of its resemblance to a quenched coal or cinder; and the latter, as well as the Obsidian stone, was sometimes used for mirrors.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 67, 68.Bohn’s Edition.
3090“Pliny has here committed a gross mistake, which has not been observed by Hardouin. Theophrastus, in the passage alluded to, does not speak of a ruby, but the well-known black marble of Chio; though he calls bothcarbunculus, a name given to the ruby, on account of its likeness to a burning coal, and to the black marble on account of its resemblance to a quenched coal or cinder; and the latter, as well as the Obsidian stone, was sometimes used for mirrors.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 67, 68.Bohn’s Edition.
3091“Illos.” He should have said “hos”—“the latter.”
3091“Illos.” He should have said “hos”—“the latter.”
3092See B. iv. c. 35; the present Lisbon.
3092See B. iv. c. 35; the present Lisbon.
3093Dalechamps thinks that this is the same as the “anthracites” mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. 38, and identifies it either with our Anthracite, or else with pit-coal or bituminous coal. It is much more likely, however, that a precious stone is meant; and, in conformity with this opinion, Brotero and Ajasson have identified it with the Spinelle or scarlet Ruby, and the Balas or rose-red ruby, magnesiates of alumina.
3093Dalechamps thinks that this is the same as the “anthracites” mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. 38, and identifies it either with our Anthracite, or else with pit-coal or bituminous coal. It is much more likely, however, that a precious stone is meant; and, in conformity with this opinion, Brotero and Ajasson have identified it with the Spinelle or scarlet Ruby, and the Balas or rose-red ruby, magnesiates of alumina.
3094Sec B. iv. c. 1.
3094Sec B. iv. c. 1.
3095“Carbo.” This word may mean either a “burning coal” or “charcoal” hence the confusion that has arisen in identifying the mineral substance that is meant.
3095“Carbo.” This word may mean either a “burning coal” or “charcoal” hence the confusion that has arisen in identifying the mineral substance that is meant.
3096See Note3077, to Chapter 25.
3096See Note3077, to Chapter 25.
3097“Sandaresus” and “Sandasiros” are other readings. This stone has not been identified, but Ajasson is inclined to think that it may have been Aventurine quartz, and is the more inclined to this opinion, as that mineral is found in Persia, andsandastraortchandastrais purely a Sanscrit word. The description, however, would hardly seem to apply to Aventurine.
3097“Sandaresus” and “Sandasiros” are other readings. This stone has not been identified, but Ajasson is inclined to think that it may have been Aventurine quartz, and is the more inclined to this opinion, as that mineral is found in Persia, andsandastraortchandastrais purely a Sanscrit word. The description, however, would hardly seem to apply to Aventurine.
3098Littré suggests that the reading here probably might be “ob idnonmagno”—“sellnotso dear.”
3098Littré suggests that the reading here probably might be “ob idnonmagno”—“sellnotso dear.”
3099It has not been identified.
3099It has not been identified.
3100Fromλυχνὸς, a “lighted lamp” or “torch.” Brotero is of opinion that this is the Cherry-coloured ruby, that the Ionian stone is the Purple ruby, and that the kermes-berry coloured stone is the Scarlet or Spinelle ruby. From the distinct reference made to its electric nature, Ajasson identifies it with Tourmaline, a Silicate of alumina. Beckmann is of the same opinion; Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 88.Bohn’s Edition.
3100Fromλυχνὸς, a “lighted lamp” or “torch.” Brotero is of opinion that this is the Cherry-coloured ruby, that the Ionian stone is the Purple ruby, and that the kermes-berry coloured stone is the Scarlet or Spinelle ruby. From the distinct reference made to its electric nature, Ajasson identifies it with Tourmaline, a Silicate of alumina. Beckmann is of the same opinion; Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 88.Bohn’s Edition.
3101“Remissiorem.”
3101“Remissiorem.”
3102See B. xxi. cc. 33, 39, where the “Flos Jovis” is mentioned in juxtaposition with the flower called “lychnis,” either the Umbel’d Campion rose, or the Common red rose Campion.
3102See B. xxi. cc. 33, 39, where the “Flos Jovis” is mentioned in juxtaposition with the flower called “lychnis,” either the Umbel’d Campion rose, or the Common red rose Campion.
3103“Coccum.” “Kermes-berry coloured.” These kinds probably were, Indicolite or Blue tourmaline, and Rubellite or Red tourmaline.
3103“Coccum.” “Kermes-berry coloured.” These kinds probably were, Indicolite or Blue tourmaline, and Rubellite or Red tourmaline.
3104As Beckmann remarks, he should have said that it first attracts, and then repels them; such being the case with Tourmaline.
3104As Beckmann remarks, he should have said that it first attracts, and then repels them; such being the case with Tourmaline.
3105Not identical, most probably, with the Carchedonian or Carthaginian stone mentioned in Chapter25, which was probably a garnet or a ruby. Ajasson has no doubt that it is identical with jasper quartz, including the varieties called Striped or Riband jasper, and Egyptian jasper.
3105Not identical, most probably, with the Carchedonian or Carthaginian stone mentioned in Chapter25, which was probably a garnet or a ruby. Ajasson has no doubt that it is identical with jasper quartz, including the varieties called Striped or Riband jasper, and Egyptian jasper.
3106See B. v. c. 5, and B. vii. c. 2.
3106See B. v. c. 5, and B. vii. c. 2.
3107Tourmaline, probably, in combination with other mineral substances.
3107Tourmaline, probably, in combination with other mineral substances.
3108Carnelian, a variety of Chalcedony. It is originally grey, or greyish red, which afterwards turns to a rich, deep, red, on exposure to the sun’s rays, and subsequently to artificial heat.
3108Carnelian, a variety of Chalcedony. It is originally grey, or greyish red, which afterwards turns to a rich, deep, red, on exposure to the sun’s rays, and subsequently to artificial heat.
3109Which supplies the best carnelians at the present day.
3109Which supplies the best carnelians at the present day.
3110From their mixture, Ajasson says, with argillaceous earth.
3110From their mixture, Ajasson says, with argillaceous earth.
3111Under this name Pliny evidently speaks of the stone known to us as Chrysolite, and possibly of green agate as well. Our Topaz cannot be easily recognized in this Chapter, at all events.
3111Under this name Pliny evidently speaks of the stone known to us as Chrysolite, and possibly of green agate as well. Our Topaz cannot be easily recognized in this Chapter, at all events.
3112See B. vi. c. 34.
3112See B. vi. c. 34.
3113See B. vi. c. 34.
3113See B. vi. c. 34.
3114Τοπάζωin Greek, signifies “to conjecture.”
3114Τοπάζωin Greek, signifies “to conjecture.”
3115It was agate, most probably.
3115It was agate, most probably.
3116“Leek-green.” Ajasson and Desfontaines think that this must have been either Oriental Chrysolite or Oriental Peridote.
3116“Leek-green.” Ajasson and Desfontaines think that this must have been either Oriental Chrysolite or Oriental Peridote.
3117Some would identify this with Oriental topaz or yellow corundum, a variety of the Sapphire; while others would see in it the genuine Topaz; and others, again, think it synonymous with the Chrysoprase. The name “chrysopteron” means “golden-wing.”
3117Some would identify this with Oriental topaz or yellow corundum, a variety of the Sapphire; while others would see in it the genuine Topaz; and others, again, think it synonymous with the Chrysoprase. The name “chrysopteron” means “golden-wing.”
3118“Leek-green and gold.” An apple or leek-green Chalcedony, coloured by nickel. See Chapters20,34, and73, of this Book.
3118“Leek-green and gold.” An apple or leek-green Chalcedony, coloured by nickel. See Chapters20,34, and73, of this Book.
3119See B. xxxvi. c.10.
3119See B. xxxvi. c.10.
3120Dana thinks this identical with the Turquois. Ajasson and Desfontaines identify it with Oriental Peridote.
3120Dana thinks this identical with the Turquois. Ajasson and Desfontaines identify it with Oriental Peridote.
3121Turquois is found in large quantities in a mountainous district of Persia, not far from Nichabour; where it occurs in veins which traverse the mountains in all directions.
3121Turquois is found in large quantities in a mountainous district of Persia, not far from Nichabour; where it occurs in veins which traverse the mountains in all directions.
3122Isidorus says, B. xvi. c. 17, that they wore it in the ears. The Shah of Persia, it is said, retains for his own use all the larger and more finely tinted specimens of turquois that are found in his dominions.
3122Isidorus says, B. xvi. c. 17, that they wore it in the ears. The Shah of Persia, it is said, retains for his own use all the larger and more finely tinted specimens of turquois that are found in his dominions.
3123This story is now regarded as fabulous.
3123This story is now regarded as fabulous.
3124See B. x. cc. 44, 79.
3124See B. x. cc. 44, 79.
3125The stone now known as “Prase” is a vitreous, leek-green, variety of massive quartz.
3125The stone now known as “Prase” is a vitreous, leek-green, variety of massive quartz.
3126This may possibly have been Plasma, a faintly translucent Chalcedony, approaching jasper, having a greenish colour, sprinkled with yellow and whitish dots, and a glistening lustre. Or, perhaps, Bloodstone or Heliotrope, a kind of jasper.
3126This may possibly have been Plasma, a faintly translucent Chalcedony, approaching jasper, having a greenish colour, sprinkled with yellow and whitish dots, and a glistening lustre. Or, perhaps, Bloodstone or Heliotrope, a kind of jasper.
3127See the preceding Chapter, and Note3118.
3127See the preceding Chapter, and Note3118.
3128“Cymbia.” Drinking vessels shaped like a boat.
3128“Cymbia.” Drinking vessels shaped like a boat.
3129Or “Nile-stone.” Egyptian jasper, or Egyptian pebble, a kind of quartz.
3129Or “Nile-stone.” Egyptian jasper, or Egyptian pebble, a kind of quartz.
3130Our Malachite, a green carbonate of copper. See B. xxxiii. c.26.
3130Our Malachite, a green carbonate of copper. See B. xxxiii. c.26.
3131Calledμολόχηorμαλάχηin Greek.
3131Calledμολόχηorμαλάχηin Greek.
3132Also of Siberia, Shetland, the United States, and numerous other localities.
3132Also of Siberia, Shetland, the United States, and numerous other localities.
3133Meadow-green jasper.
3133Meadow-green jasper.
3134Salmasius erroneously takes this to be the Turquoise. It is our sky-blue jasper, no doubt. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 471,Bohn’s Edition.
3134Salmasius erroneously takes this to be the Turquoise. It is our sky-blue jasper, no doubt. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 471,Bohn’s Edition.
3135See B. vi. c. 2.
3135See B. vi. c. 2.
3136The Bamberg MS. gives “Calchedon” here.
3136The Bamberg MS. gives “Calchedon” here.
3137Namely,πορφυρίζουσα,ῥοδίζουσα, andσμαραγδίζουσα.
3137Namely,πορφυρίζουσα,ῥοδίζουσα, andσμαραγδίζουσα.
3138“Northern,” apparently.
3138“Northern,” apparently.
3139“Sky-blue,” mentioned above.
3139“Sky-blue,” mentioned above.
3140See Chapter 31. Red jasper, or perhaps Red porphyry.
3140See Chapter 31. Red jasper, or perhaps Red porphyry.
3141“Aut” appeals to be a preferable reading to the “ut” of the Bamberg MS.
3141“Aut” appeals to be a preferable reading to the “ut” of the Bamberg MS.
3142See B. xv. cc. 12, 13.
3142See B. xv. cc. 12, 13.
3143“Terebinthizusa.” Yellow jasper, Ajasson says.
3143“Terebinthizusa.” Yellow jasper, Ajasson says.
3144See Chapter18of this Book.
3144See Chapter18of this Book.
3145“Seal-stone.” A kind of carnelian, probably.
3145“Seal-stone.” A kind of carnelian, probably.
3146“Publico gemmarum dominio iis tantum dato, quoniam optime signent.” The above is the sense given to the passage by Holland, Ajasson, and Littré; but another translation may also be suggested—“A stone to which alone, by general consent, is awarded the custody of precious stones, from the fact that it makes the best impression as a seal.” In reference to the custom of putting a seal on the dactyliothecæ, or jewel-caskets. See page 80 of this Book.
3146“Publico gemmarum dominio iis tantum dato, quoniam optime signent.” The above is the sense given to the passage by Holland, Ajasson, and Littré; but another translation may also be suggested—“A stone to which alone, by general consent, is awarded the custody of precious stones, from the fact that it makes the best impression as a seal.” In reference to the custom of putting a seal on the dactyliothecæ, or jewel-caskets. See page 80 of this Book.
3147“Single-lined.”
3147“Single-lined.”
3148“Many-lined.”
3148“Many-lined.”
3149Albertus Magnus, De Mineral. B. ii., has several other stories respecting it of a similar nature.
3149Albertus Magnus, De Mineral. B. ii., has several other stories respecting it of a similar nature.
3150Jasper onyx.
3150Jasper onyx.
3151Identified by Ajasson with snow-flake chalcedony.
3151Identified by Ajasson with snow-flake chalcedony.
3152Spotted jasper onyx.
3152Spotted jasper onyx.
3153See B. xxxi. c. 41.
3153See B. xxxi. c. 41.
3154Smoked jasper onyx.
3154Smoked jasper onyx.
3155It is still used for making vases, boxes, knife-handles, and other articles, and is much used in the manufacture of Florentine mosaics. We may also remark, that the “iaspis” of Pliny probably included some stones not of the jasper kind.
3155It is still used for making vases, boxes, knife-handles, and other articles, and is much used in the manufacture of Florentine mosaics. We may also remark, that the “iaspis” of Pliny probably included some stones not of the jasper kind.
3156“Azure stone;” generally supposed to have been a species of Lapis lazuli or azure. Beckmann is of opinion that it was a mineral or mountain blue, tinged with copper.
3156“Azure stone;” generally supposed to have been a species of Lapis lazuli or azure. Beckmann is of opinion that it was a mineral or mountain blue, tinged with copper.
3157It is found in China, Persia, Siberia, and Bucharia.
3157It is found in China, Persia, Siberia, and Bucharia.
3158Ultramarine is prepared from Lapis lazuli, and an artificial kind is extensively in use, which equals the native in permanency and brilliancy of colour, and is very extensively employed in the arts. Theophrastus, De Lapid. sec. 55, speaks of this artificial ultramarine.
3158Ultramarine is prepared from Lapis lazuli, and an artificial kind is extensively in use, which equals the native in permanency and brilliancy of colour, and is very extensively employed in the arts. Theophrastus, De Lapid. sec. 55, speaks of this artificial ultramarine.
3159This must not be taken for the Sapphire of the present day, but was most probably Lapis lazuli, and identical, perhaps, with Cyanos. Beckmann has devoted considerable attention to this subject; Hist. Inv. Vol. I. pp. 468-473.Bohn’s Edition.
3159This must not be taken for the Sapphire of the present day, but was most probably Lapis lazuli, and identical, perhaps, with Cyanos. Beckmann has devoted considerable attention to this subject; Hist. Inv. Vol. I. pp. 468-473.Bohn’s Edition.
3160Particles of iron pyrites, probably, which are frequently to be seen in Lapis lazuli.
3160Particles of iron pyrites, probably, which are frequently to be seen in Lapis lazuli.
3161Quartz, probably, according to some authorities.
3161Quartz, probably, according to some authorities.
3162So called, according to some authorities, fromἀ, “not,”μεθύω, “to intoxicate,” on account of its being a supposed preservative against inebriety. Ajasson is of opinion that Pliny does not here speaks of the Quartz Amethyst of modern mineralogy, but only the Oriental Amethyst, violet Sapphire, or violet Corundum. It is not improbable, however, that he includes them all, as well as violet Fluor spar, and some other purple stones; inclusive, possibly, of the Garnet.
3162So called, according to some authorities, fromἀ, “not,”μεθύω, “to intoxicate,” on account of its being a supposed preservative against inebriety. Ajasson is of opinion that Pliny does not here speaks of the Quartz Amethyst of modern mineralogy, but only the Oriental Amethyst, violet Sapphire, or violet Corundum. It is not improbable, however, that he includes them all, as well as violet Fluor spar, and some other purple stones; inclusive, possibly, of the Garnet.
3163He is probably speakinghereof violet Fluor spar; Oriental amethyst, or violet sapphire, it is next to impossible to engrave.
3163He is probably speakinghereof violet Fluor spar; Oriental amethyst, or violet sapphire, it is next to impossible to engrave.
3164See B. ix. c. 62.
3164See B. ix. c. 62.
3165The city of Pharan, mentioned by St. Jerome and Eusebius.
3165The city of Pharan, mentioned by St. Jerome and Eusebius.
3166“In suspectu.” See B. xxi. c. 22.
3166“In suspectu.” See B. xxi. c. 22.
3167“Lovely youth.” The Opal has been thus called in Chapter22.
3167“Lovely youth.” The Opal has been thus called in Chapter22.
3168“Avenger of slighted love.”
3168“Avenger of slighted love.”
3169“Veneris gena;” called in Greek “Aphrodites blepharon.”
3169“Veneris gena;” called in Greek “Aphrodites blepharon.”
3170Which is most probable; however untrue the story itself may be. See Note3162above.
3170Which is most probable; however untrue the story itself may be. See Note3162above.
3171A kind of Baboon. See B. vi. c. 35, B. vii. c. 2, and B. viii. c. 80.
3171A kind of Baboon. See B. vi. c. 35, B. vii. c. 2, and B. viii. c. 80.
3172It is considered very doubtful whether the modern Hyacinth or Zircon is one of the number of stones that were called “Hyacinthus” by the ancients. Jameson appears to have thought that they gave this name to the oriental amethyst or violet sapphire.
3172It is considered very doubtful whether the modern Hyacinth or Zircon is one of the number of stones that were called “Hyacinthus” by the ancients. Jameson appears to have thought that they gave this name to the oriental amethyst or violet sapphire.
3173See B. xxi. c. 38.
3173See B. xxi. c. 38.
3174Generally supposed to be the Oriental topaz, yellow Sapphire or yellow Corundum. We have already seen, in Chapter32, that the “Topazos” of the ancients was in all probability the modern Chrysolite.
3174Generally supposed to be the Oriental topaz, yellow Sapphire or yellow Corundum. We have already seen, in Chapter32, that the “Topazos” of the ancients was in all probability the modern Chrysolite.
3175In Pontus: see B. vi. c. 4.
3175In Pontus: see B. vi. c. 4.
3176See B. xxxiv. c.2.
3176See B. xxxiv. c.2.