Abbott, Ernest Hamlin, on industrial problem of South,397.Abolition, see Emancipation.Abolitionists (Cf. Anti-slavery men), in England,38;opinions of North and South on,54;inclusiveness of term,54ff;characterized,56ff;conservatives ally themselves with Republicans,130;extremists not opposed to secession,212;favor disunion,217.Adams, Charles Francis, joins "Free Soil" party,81;nominated for Vice-President,82;proposes compromise on slavery,229;candidate for Presidential nomination,328.Adams, John Quincy, characteristics,28;relations with Clay,29;in Congress,72;believes abol. of slavery as war measure legal,253.Adams, Nehemiah (Dr.),141.Adams, Samuel,8.Alabama, admitted as slave State,23;forbids importation of slaves, later repeals,36;secedes,225;emancipation in,260;gives qualified assent to thirteenth amendment,262;provisional govt. formed,275;reconstructed,310;negro voters in majority in,311;Federal interference in election (1872),323;Democrats regain control in,324;legal limitation of suffrage in,383,384.Alabama Claims, the, settled,325.Alcorn, J. M., first Republican governor of Mississippi,336.Alcott, Amos Bronson, characterizes John Brown,160;futile views of on war,242.Allen, Charles, refuses to support Whig party,81.Amendments, constitutional, Thirteenth,262;ratified,268,276;declared adopted,276;Fourteenth formulated and discussed,297ff;prob. reason for mistake of exclusion art. in,301;disqualifications under removed by Congress,302;restoration offered to South upon adoption of,303;rejected by South,304,310;Grant against exclusion clauses in,310;scheme to apply to reduction of Southern representation,403ff;Fifteenth proposed,314;adopted,315,403.American Missionary Asso'n, labors of for freedmen,362.American Party. (SeeKnow-nothing Party),115,151;death of,153."American system,"31.Ames, Adelbert, governor of Mississippi,336;calls for Federal troops; impeached; driven from state,340.Ames, Charles G., characterizes Stroud's Slave Laws,110.Amherst agricultural college, chooses negro foot ball captain,406.Anderson, Major, at Ft. Moultrie,223;Buchanan refuses aid to; withdraws to Ft. Sumter; supported,224;surrenders,235.Andersonville, terrors of,245.Andrew, John A. (Gov.), denounces slavery,154;on John Brown,165;strongly opposes secession,230;course as war governor,279;suggests principles of reconstruction,280;endeavors to interest Northern capital in South,319."Anti-Nebraska" party,115.Anti-secessionists, in North and South,212.Anti-slavery men (Cf.Abolitionist),distinguished from abolitionists,55;disheartened by "Free Soil" nomination,82;outbreaks against in South,169,186.Anti-slavery movement grows,35ff,37,51,52,71,91;women and literary men in,56;public leaders keep aloof from,57;petitions,71;documents excludedfrom Southern mails,72,73;made political issue,74;strong growth of in North,113ff;assumed by Republican party,127;tabooed at South,129.Anti-slavery society, American, founded,44;purposes of,45;dissolution of,367.Arkansas, admitted as slave state,23;postpones action on secession,227;secedes,235;emancipation in,260;provisional govt. estab. in,269,275;reconstructed,310;relative number of negro voters in,311;becomes Democratic,323;Grant recommends state govt. be declared illegal,344;bill defeated,345.Armstrong, Samuel Chapman (Gen.), birth and early life of,356;in Union Army;begins labors for freedmen in Virginia; characterization of,357;special fitness for work,359;religious views,360;forms ideals of negro education,360ff;founds Hampton Institute,362ff;personality,364ff;labors of for school,365ff;death of; summary of life work; personal appearance,366;sayings of,367;Booker Washington, pupil and successor to,378.Arnold, Matthew, poem on his father,369.Atchison, Senator, of Missouri,117.Atlanta University,358,398.Atlantic Monthly, begun,144Aycock, Governor, of N. C.,388.Bacon, Leonard,36.Baltimore, Maryland, Mass. troops attacked at,237.Banks, Nathaniel P., joins "Free Soil" party,81;speaker of House,115;in Republican party,127;refuses nomination of "Know-nothing" seceders,supports Fremont,129;governor of Mass.,193;in House,284.Baptists, champion cause of freedom,22."Barnburners," the,82.Barnwell, Senator, advocates secession,89.Bates, Edward, candidate for Presidential nomination (1860),191;attitude of on emancipation proclamation,257.Beauregard, Gen., leads attack on Fort Sumter,235.Beecher, Edward,36.Beecher, Henry Ward, characterization of,141ff;active in political discussion,142;criticises Lincoln inIndependent,254;labors in behalf of Union,277;outlines plan of reconstruction,277ff;views on suffrage,308.Bell, John, nominated for President,189;popular vote for (1860),194;214.Bennett, James Gordon,141.Berea College, beginnings of,73;discriminated against by Kentucky educational law,385.Bernard, John, meets Washington,1ff."Biglow Papers," Lowell attacks slavery and war in,77;144;254.Birney, James G.,36;incidents in life of,58ff;political ideas of,59;nominated for President,74;views of on slavery question,74;again nominated,75.Black, Jeremiah S., Attorney-General,222;Secretary of State,244;defends Johnson,312."Black Codes" of 1865-6,281ff,372.Blaine, James G., in House,284;proposes amend. to Stevens's reconstruction bill,306;on debate of bill,307;on negro suffrage,310;leader in House, characterized,331;speaks against Davis, reputation discredited, Presidential candidate,346.Blair, Francis P. (Gen.), nominated for Vice-Presidency; defeated,314.Blair, Senator, of N. H., bill of for aid to local education on basis of existing illiteracy,372,404."Border Ruffians," the,116,118.Border States, severity of war greatest in,242;Lincoln's scheme for compensated emancipation in,252;slave owners in alienated by emancipation proclamation,261.Boston Courier, denounces Republican party in 1860 campaign,194.Bourne, George (Rev.), denounces slavery,37.Boutwell, George S., governor of Mass.,92;in House,284;House prosecutor of Johnson,311.Bowles, Samuel,124;"Life and Times of,"124note;gives opinion of Johnson imbroglio,296.Bradley, Joseph (Justice), on Hayes-Tilden commission,349.Breckinridge, John C., nominated for President,188;scheme for electing,189;popular vote for (1860),194;declines to repudiate secession,194.Bristow, Benjamin H., Presidential candidate, Sec'y of Treasury,346,347.Brooks, John Graham, observations of on Virginia politics,401.Brooks, Preston S., assaults Sumner,122;re-elected and honored, effect on North,123.Brown, B. Gratz, leads independent movement in Mo.,327;aspirant for Presidential nomination,328.Brown, John, sketch of,119ff;leads massacre in Kansas,120;schemes for extinction of slavery,159ff;in Springfield, Mass.,159,162;aided by leading anti-slavery men,160;pen pictures of by Alcott and Emerson,160;characterization of,161ff;makes raid on Harper's Ferry,162;captured,163;hanged,164;honored as martyr,164ff;eulogized by Emerson,165,167;characterization of his acts and schemes,166ff.Bruce, B. K., U. S. Senator,336.Bruce, R. C., of Miss., awarded class oratorship at Harvard,407.Bryant, William Cullen, editor of N. Y.Evening Post,327.Buchanan, James,72;Democratic Presidential candidate, characterized,128;with Mason and Soulé issues Ostend manifesto,128;administration of (1857-61),147;sends Gov. Walker to Kansas,150;supports Lecompton constitution,151;announces position on secession,222;refuses aid to Ft. Moultrie,224;cabinet,224.Burgess, J. W. (Prof), shows effects of John Brown's raid,170;comments on laws governing negroes after war,291.Burns, Anthony, fugitive slave,91.Butler, Senator, from S. C., Sumner attacks in Congressional speech,122.Butler, Benjamin F., joins seceding Democratic convention (1860),188;candidate for governor of Mass.,192;declares fugitive slaves "contraband of war,"248;House prosecutor of Johnson,311;in Congress, characterized,331;labors for "force bill" (1875),345.Butler, Fanny Kemble. SeeKemble, Fanny.Calhoun, John C., Vice-President, relations with Jackson,30;defends right of nullification,32;prophesies concerning relations between North and South,34;becomes leader of South,34,44;characterization of,47ff;social theories of,50;in Senate, opposes anti-slavery petitions, claims State control of mails,72;in Tyler's cabinet, leader in Texas annexation,75;returns to Senate,76;politically isolated,79;opposes war with Eng.,80;claims of for nationionalization of slavery,80;last speech of,86;his opinion of struggle bet. North and South,87.California, taken from Mexico,79;admission as free State advocated,88,90;swift settlement of; applies for admission with slavery excluded, South opposes,84;rejects Fifteenth amendment,315.Cameron, Simon, candidate for Presidential nomination; supports Lincoln,190.Carolinas, the (see alsoNorth,South),slavery foundation of aristocracy in,6;number of slaves in in 1790,9.Carpenter, Frank, Lincoln's conversation with,256."Carpet-baggers," the,318,336,338.Casey, F. F., in government of Louisiana,341.Cass, Lewis, nominated for President,81;resigns from cabinet,224.Chamberlain, Daniel H., governor of So. Carolina,332,348.Chandler, Zachariah,270;sketch of,283;as radical leader,285;party leader,331;chairman Republican national committee; disputes Tilden's election,348.Channing, William Ellery, plan of emancipation,39;sketch of, attitude toward anti-slavery movement,59ff;treatise on Slavery,62.Chase, Salmon P., in "Free Soil" convention,82;in Senate,83;against extension of slavery,90;in Lincoln's cabinet,249;attitude of on emancipation proclamation,257;becomes chief justice,274;candidate for Presidential nomination, Lincoln's opinion of, services of in supreme court,313.Chestnutt, Charles W.,379;shows discrimination against negro suffrage,384.Child, Lydia Maria,56;opinion of Channing,63.Church, the, early, accepts slavery, works toward abolition,4;casuistical defense of slavery by,5;in America, justifies slavery,50;split over slavery,53;united in South in defense of slavery in North divided,141;labors of in North in behalf of Union,277.Civil rights bill (1866) passed,296;vetoed by Johnson, becomes law,297;of 1875,345.Civil war, the, causes of,211ff;237ff;views on in North and South,237;moral results of,240,244,247;emancipation measures discussed and adopted during,248ff;disappointment over protraction of,254;negroes in,261,263;courage of both North and South in,262;suffering in,265;ended,270."Civil War and the Constitution, The,"170.Clay, Cassius M., opposes slavery,73;in founding of Berea College,73;170.Clay, Henry, votes for slavery in Arkansas,23;favors Missouri compromise, aspires to Presidency, dislikes but supports slavery,26;relations of with J. Q. Adams,29;advocates protective tariff,31;proposed tariff compromise,33;Whigs nominate for President,75;defeated,76;opposed to annexation of Mexico,79;disappointed of Presidential nomination,81;in Senate (1849-50), frames compromise measures of 1850,85;opposes extension of slavery, denies right of secession, last speech of,86;denounces threats of secession,89.Clayton, Powell, in Grant faction,344.Cobb, Howell,138.Coles, Edward (Gov.),35.Colfax, Schuyler, in House,284;Vice-President,314.Colonization, Jefferson's schemes for,18;Pennsylvania society,22;society attacked by New Eng. anti-slavery society,44.Compromise of 1820, seeMissouriof 1850,85;adopted,90;causes dissatisfaction in North and South,91.Confederacy, the Southern (see alsoSouth, the, etc.).Secessionists propose to form,215;convention to organize,225;organized, constitution of,226;election of officers of,226,227;disregards peace overtures from Republicans,229;courage displayed in,262;Lee the chief hero of,263.Conkling, Roscoe, in House,284;party leader,331;favors "force bill,"345;Presidential candidate,346.Connecticut, passes emancipation law,21."Conscience Whigs,"82.Constitution (SeeConvention of 1787),proposed convention to revise,229.Amendments to, seeAmendments."Constitutional Union" party,153,189.Convention of 1787, personnel, work, and difficulties of,10ff;results of,14ff.Corwin, Thomas, opposes Mexican war,77.Cotton gin, invention of stimulates cotton growing,23.Credit Mobilier,344.Crittenden, John J., Senator,151,214.Crittenden, compromise, proposed, refused by Republicans,228.Cuba, emancipation in,108;annexation of demanded in Ostend manifesto,128.Curtis, Benj. R., defends President Johnson,312.Curtis, George William, editorHarper's Weekly,330;leads reform element in Republican convention of 1876,346.Curtis, Justice, dissents from Dred Scott decision,148.Cushing, Caleb, joins seceding Democratic convention,188;