[400]Simson, p. 168.[401]Spruce, i. 332. im Thurn relates of the Arawak Indians that “each family is descended—their fathers knew how, but they themselves have forgotten—from its eponymous animal, bird, or plant” (im Thurn, pp. 184, 376).[402]The general principle is well known, and is now used both by the authorities of the United States and of Great Britain. It consists in giving to the vowels in native words their Italian significance, and to the consonants that which they have in the English language.[403]Notes and Queries on Anthropology(1912), pp. 187-96.[404]Simson, p. 94.[405]Tylor, p. 25.[406]Koch-Grünberg transliterates it asingetā, oringétā; and givesmarāfor good,maringetā,marinyetā, bad;faréti, fat;faré ingetā, thin (Die Uitóto Indianer, pp. 10-11).[407]Orton stated that the Zaparo “have no words for numbers above three, but show their fingers” (Orton, p. 170). Simson gives words for four and five as in use among those tribes, and after thatmanunu, meaning “many-many” (Simson, p. 179).[408]The reference to monkey or beast is due to the fact that the Karahone do not depilate all body and face hair.[409]Spencer and Gillen,Across Australia, ii.[410]Cf. Ratzel, ii. 125.[411]For example the Maca, the Guaharibo, and the Guahibo (Spruce, i. 477).[412]VideChap. VI. p. 101, where it is stated that the dug-out is not the autochthonic boat of this country.[413]These canoes, it must be remembered, are not affairs of everyday manufacture. They are tribal possessions, not many in number, and needing time, skill, and, above all, experience, to make successfully.[414]For instance the wrong wood might have been chosen; some trees will not open when heated (cf. André, pp. 241-2).[415]The Decadence of Useful Arts.[416]There are no stones in this region it should be remembered.[417]Wallace gives 5 feet 9 inches or 5 feet 10 inches as not uncommon for the height of a Uaupes man (Wallace, pp. 335, 353), and the Isanna as very similar. The Bugre are shorter, 5 feet 4 inches, and misshapen in the leg (Oakenfull, p. 33). The Tukana, 160 to 170 centimetres (Koch-Grünberg).[418]I had no calipers, and the breadth in all cases is approximate only, taken from point to point where it was individually greatest, not where, as I subsequently discovered, scientific measurement decrees.[419]Tukuya, two types dolichocephalic. Koch-Grünberg. Napo, brachycephalic (Orton, p. 166). According to Orton the “long-headed hordes” came from the south (Orton, p. 316).[420]Bates noted that the Tapuyo have “small hands and feet” (i. 78), and Orton mentions it as a characteristic of races of Tupi origin (Orton, p. 316).[421]The women are muscular in the neck, and will carry considerable weights in baskets slung on a band passed round the forehead. They will carry through the thickest bush as much as sixty pounds and more in the same manner, their strength in lilting and carrying weights being confined to the neck.[422]Robuchon states that the women’s mammae are pyriform, and the photographs show distinctly pyriform breasts with digitiform nipples. I found them resembling rather the segment of a sphere, the areola not prominent, and the nipples hemispherical.[423]Orton and Galt, however, note that “one will sometimes find the skin of the Indian rough, hard, and insensible, like the skin of the larger lower animals” (Orton, p. 591).Skin—Colour and Texture.—“Je remarque que ces Indiens, comme les Roucouyennes et les Oyampis, out les plis de la peau beaucoup plus saillants que chez les races blanches et noires. Les plis du genou resemblent à une peau d’orange. Je voudrais représenter exactement ces détails, qui m’intéressent au point de vue anthropologique, mais je trouve la difficulté insurmontable. Il me vient toutefois une idée; je fais barbouiller un Indien avec du roucou des pieds à la tête, et, à moyen d’un papier mince que j’applique avec la main, j’obtiens tous les détails de structure. Le roucou agit comme de l’encre d’imprimerie. Avec un pen d’exercice je recueille les détails anatomiques de toutes les parties du corps, et particulièrement des pieds, des mains, du genou et des coudes. Il est à noter que la peau d’enfant à la mamelle présente des plis aussi accentués que ceux d’un blanc à l’âge adulte. La peau d’un jeune homme vue à l’œil me semble grossie trois fois à la loupe” (Crevaux, p. 303). We have already noted that there Issa-Japura tribes are free from the skin diseases that Napo and other Indians frequently develop. This probably accounts for the contradiction of my observances with the notes of other writers.[424]See note on Depilation, p. 282.[425]According to Wallace, though the Uaupes Indians remove facial or body hair the Isanna tribes do not (Wallace, pp. 353, 356).[426]Wallace, p. 354.[427]I have found this amongst all people who sleep on the ground, I take it, for obvious buffer reasons.[428]Simson, p. 93.[429]During menstruation women wash more frequently, with intent to arrest as well as to hide their condition. A girl at such times will bathe as often as twenty times in a day. The cold water acts as a styptic.[430]Bates, i. 200.[431]Simson, p. 234.[432]Simson, p. 235.[433]Four inches to fourteen inches in length (Keane, p. 551).[434]Orton, pp. 482-3.[435]Ratzel, ii 170.[436]Oakenfall, p. 26.[437]The only yellow free colour.[438]Approximate measurements.[439]Outer measurements not, as they should have been, from head of fibula to top of great trochanter.[440]N.B.—As Case 2 was growing, further measurements will be useless if not misleading. These were taken with the help of a medical man and are therefore more correct than other measurements.[441]Neva= also sun, morning.[442]Navena= ghost, devil.[443]Bope= also disembodied soul.[444]Yaya= father.[445]Yaperikuli= heroes.[446]Originally father or creator, not Great Spirit.[447]Soul of father or parents.[448]Soul of Evil.[449]Heroes of the tribe.[450]Also great-great-grandfather.[451]House.[452]Ri-e-i, white man.[453]Itoma, sun.[454]Ei-fo-ke, Turkey-buzzard.[455]Privy name. Reference to the fact that all Indians have two names. See p. 154 for note onnomen penis sui.
[400]Simson, p. 168.
[400]Simson, p. 168.
[401]Spruce, i. 332. im Thurn relates of the Arawak Indians that “each family is descended—their fathers knew how, but they themselves have forgotten—from its eponymous animal, bird, or plant” (im Thurn, pp. 184, 376).
[401]Spruce, i. 332. im Thurn relates of the Arawak Indians that “each family is descended—their fathers knew how, but they themselves have forgotten—from its eponymous animal, bird, or plant” (im Thurn, pp. 184, 376).
[402]The general principle is well known, and is now used both by the authorities of the United States and of Great Britain. It consists in giving to the vowels in native words their Italian significance, and to the consonants that which they have in the English language.
[402]The general principle is well known, and is now used both by the authorities of the United States and of Great Britain. It consists in giving to the vowels in native words their Italian significance, and to the consonants that which they have in the English language.
[403]Notes and Queries on Anthropology(1912), pp. 187-96.
[403]Notes and Queries on Anthropology(1912), pp. 187-96.
[404]Simson, p. 94.
[404]Simson, p. 94.
[405]Tylor, p. 25.
[405]Tylor, p. 25.
[406]Koch-Grünberg transliterates it asingetā, oringétā; and givesmarāfor good,maringetā,marinyetā, bad;faréti, fat;faré ingetā, thin (Die Uitóto Indianer, pp. 10-11).
[406]Koch-Grünberg transliterates it asingetā, oringétā; and givesmarāfor good,maringetā,marinyetā, bad;faréti, fat;faré ingetā, thin (Die Uitóto Indianer, pp. 10-11).
[407]Orton stated that the Zaparo “have no words for numbers above three, but show their fingers” (Orton, p. 170). Simson gives words for four and five as in use among those tribes, and after thatmanunu, meaning “many-many” (Simson, p. 179).
[407]Orton stated that the Zaparo “have no words for numbers above three, but show their fingers” (Orton, p. 170). Simson gives words for four and five as in use among those tribes, and after thatmanunu, meaning “many-many” (Simson, p. 179).
[408]The reference to monkey or beast is due to the fact that the Karahone do not depilate all body and face hair.
[408]The reference to monkey or beast is due to the fact that the Karahone do not depilate all body and face hair.
[409]Spencer and Gillen,Across Australia, ii.
[409]Spencer and Gillen,Across Australia, ii.
[410]Cf. Ratzel, ii. 125.
[410]Cf. Ratzel, ii. 125.
[411]For example the Maca, the Guaharibo, and the Guahibo (Spruce, i. 477).
[411]For example the Maca, the Guaharibo, and the Guahibo (Spruce, i. 477).
[412]VideChap. VI. p. 101, where it is stated that the dug-out is not the autochthonic boat of this country.
[412]VideChap. VI. p. 101, where it is stated that the dug-out is not the autochthonic boat of this country.
[413]These canoes, it must be remembered, are not affairs of everyday manufacture. They are tribal possessions, not many in number, and needing time, skill, and, above all, experience, to make successfully.
[413]These canoes, it must be remembered, are not affairs of everyday manufacture. They are tribal possessions, not many in number, and needing time, skill, and, above all, experience, to make successfully.
[414]For instance the wrong wood might have been chosen; some trees will not open when heated (cf. André, pp. 241-2).
[414]For instance the wrong wood might have been chosen; some trees will not open when heated (cf. André, pp. 241-2).
[415]The Decadence of Useful Arts.
[415]The Decadence of Useful Arts.
[416]There are no stones in this region it should be remembered.
[416]There are no stones in this region it should be remembered.
[417]Wallace gives 5 feet 9 inches or 5 feet 10 inches as not uncommon for the height of a Uaupes man (Wallace, pp. 335, 353), and the Isanna as very similar. The Bugre are shorter, 5 feet 4 inches, and misshapen in the leg (Oakenfull, p. 33). The Tukana, 160 to 170 centimetres (Koch-Grünberg).
[417]Wallace gives 5 feet 9 inches or 5 feet 10 inches as not uncommon for the height of a Uaupes man (Wallace, pp. 335, 353), and the Isanna as very similar. The Bugre are shorter, 5 feet 4 inches, and misshapen in the leg (Oakenfull, p. 33). The Tukana, 160 to 170 centimetres (Koch-Grünberg).
[418]I had no calipers, and the breadth in all cases is approximate only, taken from point to point where it was individually greatest, not where, as I subsequently discovered, scientific measurement decrees.
[418]I had no calipers, and the breadth in all cases is approximate only, taken from point to point where it was individually greatest, not where, as I subsequently discovered, scientific measurement decrees.
[419]Tukuya, two types dolichocephalic. Koch-Grünberg. Napo, brachycephalic (Orton, p. 166). According to Orton the “long-headed hordes” came from the south (Orton, p. 316).
[419]Tukuya, two types dolichocephalic. Koch-Grünberg. Napo, brachycephalic (Orton, p. 166). According to Orton the “long-headed hordes” came from the south (Orton, p. 316).
[420]Bates noted that the Tapuyo have “small hands and feet” (i. 78), and Orton mentions it as a characteristic of races of Tupi origin (Orton, p. 316).
[420]Bates noted that the Tapuyo have “small hands and feet” (i. 78), and Orton mentions it as a characteristic of races of Tupi origin (Orton, p. 316).
[421]The women are muscular in the neck, and will carry considerable weights in baskets slung on a band passed round the forehead. They will carry through the thickest bush as much as sixty pounds and more in the same manner, their strength in lilting and carrying weights being confined to the neck.
[421]The women are muscular in the neck, and will carry considerable weights in baskets slung on a band passed round the forehead. They will carry through the thickest bush as much as sixty pounds and more in the same manner, their strength in lilting and carrying weights being confined to the neck.
[422]Robuchon states that the women’s mammae are pyriform, and the photographs show distinctly pyriform breasts with digitiform nipples. I found them resembling rather the segment of a sphere, the areola not prominent, and the nipples hemispherical.
[422]Robuchon states that the women’s mammae are pyriform, and the photographs show distinctly pyriform breasts with digitiform nipples. I found them resembling rather the segment of a sphere, the areola not prominent, and the nipples hemispherical.
[423]Orton and Galt, however, note that “one will sometimes find the skin of the Indian rough, hard, and insensible, like the skin of the larger lower animals” (Orton, p. 591).Skin—Colour and Texture.—“Je remarque que ces Indiens, comme les Roucouyennes et les Oyampis, out les plis de la peau beaucoup plus saillants que chez les races blanches et noires. Les plis du genou resemblent à une peau d’orange. Je voudrais représenter exactement ces détails, qui m’intéressent au point de vue anthropologique, mais je trouve la difficulté insurmontable. Il me vient toutefois une idée; je fais barbouiller un Indien avec du roucou des pieds à la tête, et, à moyen d’un papier mince que j’applique avec la main, j’obtiens tous les détails de structure. Le roucou agit comme de l’encre d’imprimerie. Avec un pen d’exercice je recueille les détails anatomiques de toutes les parties du corps, et particulièrement des pieds, des mains, du genou et des coudes. Il est à noter que la peau d’enfant à la mamelle présente des plis aussi accentués que ceux d’un blanc à l’âge adulte. La peau d’un jeune homme vue à l’œil me semble grossie trois fois à la loupe” (Crevaux, p. 303). We have already noted that there Issa-Japura tribes are free from the skin diseases that Napo and other Indians frequently develop. This probably accounts for the contradiction of my observances with the notes of other writers.
[423]Orton and Galt, however, note that “one will sometimes find the skin of the Indian rough, hard, and insensible, like the skin of the larger lower animals” (Orton, p. 591).Skin—Colour and Texture.—“Je remarque que ces Indiens, comme les Roucouyennes et les Oyampis, out les plis de la peau beaucoup plus saillants que chez les races blanches et noires. Les plis du genou resemblent à une peau d’orange. Je voudrais représenter exactement ces détails, qui m’intéressent au point de vue anthropologique, mais je trouve la difficulté insurmontable. Il me vient toutefois une idée; je fais barbouiller un Indien avec du roucou des pieds à la tête, et, à moyen d’un papier mince que j’applique avec la main, j’obtiens tous les détails de structure. Le roucou agit comme de l’encre d’imprimerie. Avec un pen d’exercice je recueille les détails anatomiques de toutes les parties du corps, et particulièrement des pieds, des mains, du genou et des coudes. Il est à noter que la peau d’enfant à la mamelle présente des plis aussi accentués que ceux d’un blanc à l’âge adulte. La peau d’un jeune homme vue à l’œil me semble grossie trois fois à la loupe” (Crevaux, p. 303). We have already noted that there Issa-Japura tribes are free from the skin diseases that Napo and other Indians frequently develop. This probably accounts for the contradiction of my observances with the notes of other writers.
[424]See note on Depilation, p. 282.
[424]See note on Depilation, p. 282.
[425]According to Wallace, though the Uaupes Indians remove facial or body hair the Isanna tribes do not (Wallace, pp. 353, 356).
[425]According to Wallace, though the Uaupes Indians remove facial or body hair the Isanna tribes do not (Wallace, pp. 353, 356).
[426]Wallace, p. 354.
[426]Wallace, p. 354.
[427]I have found this amongst all people who sleep on the ground, I take it, for obvious buffer reasons.
[427]I have found this amongst all people who sleep on the ground, I take it, for obvious buffer reasons.
[428]Simson, p. 93.
[428]Simson, p. 93.
[429]During menstruation women wash more frequently, with intent to arrest as well as to hide their condition. A girl at such times will bathe as often as twenty times in a day. The cold water acts as a styptic.
[429]During menstruation women wash more frequently, with intent to arrest as well as to hide their condition. A girl at such times will bathe as often as twenty times in a day. The cold water acts as a styptic.
[430]Bates, i. 200.
[430]Bates, i. 200.
[431]Simson, p. 234.
[431]Simson, p. 234.
[432]Simson, p. 235.
[432]Simson, p. 235.
[433]Four inches to fourteen inches in length (Keane, p. 551).
[433]Four inches to fourteen inches in length (Keane, p. 551).
[434]Orton, pp. 482-3.
[434]Orton, pp. 482-3.
[435]Ratzel, ii 170.
[435]Ratzel, ii 170.
[436]Oakenfall, p. 26.
[436]Oakenfall, p. 26.
[437]The only yellow free colour.
[437]The only yellow free colour.
[438]Approximate measurements.
[438]Approximate measurements.
[439]Outer measurements not, as they should have been, from head of fibula to top of great trochanter.
[439]Outer measurements not, as they should have been, from head of fibula to top of great trochanter.
[440]N.B.—As Case 2 was growing, further measurements will be useless if not misleading. These were taken with the help of a medical man and are therefore more correct than other measurements.
[440]N.B.—As Case 2 was growing, further measurements will be useless if not misleading. These were taken with the help of a medical man and are therefore more correct than other measurements.
[441]Neva= also sun, morning.
[441]Neva= also sun, morning.
[442]Navena= ghost, devil.
[442]Navena= ghost, devil.
[443]Bope= also disembodied soul.
[443]Bope= also disembodied soul.
[444]Yaya= father.
[444]Yaya= father.
[445]Yaperikuli= heroes.
[445]Yaperikuli= heroes.
[446]Originally father or creator, not Great Spirit.
[446]Originally father or creator, not Great Spirit.
[447]Soul of father or parents.
[447]Soul of father or parents.
[448]Soul of Evil.
[448]Soul of Evil.
[449]Heroes of the tribe.
[449]Heroes of the tribe.
[450]Also great-great-grandfather.
[450]Also great-great-grandfather.
[451]House.
[451]House.
[452]Ri-e-i, white man.
[452]Ri-e-i, white man.
[453]Itoma, sun.
[453]Itoma, sun.
[454]Ei-fo-ke, Turkey-buzzard.
[454]Ei-fo-ke, Turkey-buzzard.
[455]Privy name. Reference to the fact that all Indians have two names. See p. 154 for note onnomen penis sui.
[455]Privy name. Reference to the fact that all Indians have two names. See p. 154 for note onnomen penis sui.