BIBLIOGRAPHY.

[461]Beck, L. M., Gazetteer, 33-34.

[462]Flint, T., Recollections, 247-248.

[463]Niles, Weekly Register, XXVIII., 3.

[464]Ibid., XXIX., 55.

[465]Reynolds, J., My Own Times, 238.

[466]Niles, Weekly Register, XXIX., 215.

[467]Ibid., XXIX., 180.

[468]Ibid., XXX., 338.

[469]Flint, T., Recollections, 24.

[470]Ibid., 102-104.

[471]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXII., 36-37.

[472]Ibid., XXXV., 68.

[473]Hall, B., Travels, II., 395.

[474]Ibid., III., 322.

[475]Ibid., III., 323.

[476]Hall, B., Travels, III., 196-197.

[477]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXV., 387.

[478]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXIV., 122. The Miami Canal was filled with water in April 1828, and "a fleet of canal boats" arrived at Cincinnati on the sixteenth.

[479]Ibid., XXXVIII., 86-87.

[480]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 351-352.

[481]Ibid., I., 352.

[482]Ibid., I., 148-149.

[483]Ibid., I., 431.

[484]Peck, J. M., Emigrant's Guide, 157-159.Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 292. Gunpowder was exported from New Orleans to Louisville in 1830, the steamboat Tigress being blown up with 300 kegs on board.

[484]Peck, J. M., Emigrant's Guide, 157-159.

Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 292. Gunpowder was exported from New Orleans to Louisville in 1830, the steamboat Tigress being blown up with 300 kegs on board.

[485]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 263.

[486]Peck, J. M., Guide, 324.Niles, Weekly Register, XL., 183, 194.Flint, T., History and Geography, Appendix, 211. See these for reference to the vast increase in trade in 1831.Ibid., I., 149.

[486]Peck, J. M., Guide, 324.

Niles, Weekly Register, XL., 183, 194.

Flint, T., History and Geography, Appendix, 211. See these for reference to the vast increase in trade in 1831.

Ibid., I., 149.

[487]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 387.

[488]Ibid., I., 178.Peck, J. M., Annals, 651-652.

[488]Ibid., I., 178.

Peck, J. M., Annals, 651-652.

[489]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 178.

[490]Ibid., I., 172.

[491]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 178.

[492]Ibid., 180-182.

[493]Howells, W. C., Recollections, 9.

[494]Ibid., 10.

[495]Niles, Weekly Register, V., 263.

[496]Ibid., 39. VIII.

[497]Ibid., VIII., 420.

[498]Niles, Weekly Register, VII., 350.

[499]Ibid., XI., 223.Ibid., XI., 127. "We observe the current of emigration directed strongly toward the Territory of Missouri."Ibid., XI., 208. "Emigration powerfully sets westward. 50 wagons are said to have passed the Muskingum at Zanesville, in a day, going west."

[499]Ibid., XI., 223.

Ibid., XI., 127. "We observe the current of emigration directed strongly toward the Territory of Missouri."

Ibid., XI., 208. "Emigration powerfully sets westward. 50 wagons are said to have passed the Muskingum at Zanesville, in a day, going west."

[500]Brown, S. R., Gazetteer, 316.

[501]Niles, Weekly Register, XIII., 224. November 29, 1817.

[502]Niles, Weekly Register, XI., 336. June 11, 1817.

[503]Birkbeck, M., Notes, 25-26.

[504]Ibid., 79.

[505]Birkbeck, M., Letters, 33. "Horseback is the most pleasant and expeditious; on foot the cheapest; a light wagon is eligible in some cases; in others the stage is a necessary evil."

[506]Birkbeck M., Letters, 33.

[507]Birkbeck, M., Letters, 97.

[508]Ibid., 110-111.

[509]Ibid., Notes, 36.Fearon, H. B., Journey, 192. "All the emigrants with whom I conversed complained of the enormous charges at taverns."Welby, A., Visit, Early W. Travels, XII., 195-196. Says that the charges at a good English Inn would be double the amount charged in America.Faux, W., Memorable Days, Early W. Travels, XI., 171, 196-197. Complains of the expense.

[509]Ibid., Notes, 36.

Fearon, H. B., Journey, 192. "All the emigrants with whom I conversed complained of the enormous charges at taverns."

Welby, A., Visit, Early W. Travels, XII., 195-196. Says that the charges at a good English Inn would be double the amount charged in America.

Faux, W., Memorable Days, Early W. Travels, XI., 171, 196-197. Complains of the expense.

[510]Fordham, E. P., Travels, 118.

[511]Ibid., A journey from New Orleans up the Mississippi cost $90. Fearon, H. B., Journey, 337-338. Quoted from M. Birkbeck's letter of November 29, 1817.Fordham, E. P., Travels, 59. The wagons from Baltimore to Pittsburg, made the journey of 240 miles in 16 days.Fearon, H. B., Journey, 452-453.

[511]Ibid., A journey from New Orleans up the Mississippi cost $90. Fearon, H. B., Journey, 337-338. Quoted from M. Birkbeck's letter of November 29, 1817.

Fordham, E. P., Travels, 59. The wagons from Baltimore to Pittsburg, made the journey of 240 miles in 16 days.

Fearon, H. B., Journey, 452-453.

[512]Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels, IX., 98, 74, 68, 101. Discusses the expense of traveling.Faux, W., Memorable Days, Early W. Travels, XI., 198. Passage in steamboat from an eastern port to New Orleans was $200.

[512]Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels, IX., 98, 74, 68, 101. Discusses the expense of traveling.

Faux, W., Memorable Days, Early W. Travels, XI., 198. Passage in steamboat from an eastern port to New Orleans was $200.

[513]Fearon, H. B., Journey, 196.Ibid., 188. He speaks of meeting 20 wagons containing families from Massachusetts, Jersey, and Connecticut.

[513]Fearon, H. B., Journey, 196.

Ibid., 188. He speaks of meeting 20 wagons containing families from Massachusetts, Jersey, and Connecticut.

[514]Fearon, H. B., Journey, 213-214.

[515]Ibid., 255.Reynolds, J., My Own Times, 176.

[515]Ibid., 255.

Reynolds, J., My Own Times, 176.

[516]Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels, IX., 67-68. Ibid., Ix., 65, 72, 77, 87. For reference to the vast numbers of emigrants

[517]Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels, IX., 105-115.

[518]Ibid., IX., 288.

[519]Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 65.James, E., Account, Early W. Travels, XIV., 59. For reference to emigrants on the Ohio.Niles, Weekly Register, XVII., 286.

[519]Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 65.

James, E., Account, Early W. Travels, XIV., 59. For reference to emigrants on the Ohio.

Niles, Weekly Register, XVII., 286.

[520]Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 80.

[521]Ibid.,Ibid., XIX., 82. Mentions other inducements to emigration Reynolds, J:, My Own Times, In 1820 the price of land was reduced from $2 to $1.25 per acre.James, E., Account, Early W. Travels, XIV., 63. In 1819-1820, James says, "The difficulty of establishing an indisputable title to lands has been a cause operating hitherto to retard the progress of settlement in some of the most fertile parts of the country of Ohio, and the inconveniences resulting from this source still continue to be felt.

[521]Ibid.,

Ibid., XIX., 82. Mentions other inducements to emigration Reynolds, J:, My Own Times, In 1820 the price of land was reduced from $2 to $1.25 per acre.

James, E., Account, Early W. Travels, XIV., 63. In 1819-1820, James says, "The difficulty of establishing an indisputable title to lands has been a cause operating hitherto to retard the progress of settlement in some of the most fertile parts of the country of Ohio, and the inconveniences resulting from this source still continue to be felt.

[522]Niles, Weekly Register, XXVIII., 161-162.

[523]Ibid., XXIX., 147.Ibid., XXXVII., 165.

[523]Ibid., XXIX., 147.

Ibid., XXXVII., 165.

[524]Ibid., XXIX., 422. February 25, 1826.

[525]Ibid., XXXVI., 271.Ibid., XXXVI., 304. "Owing to the great influx of emigration, provisions of all kinds are very scarce."Latrobe, C. J., The Rambler, II., 221-222. Speaks of Illinois as "a country rapidly filling with settlers."Reynolds, J., My Own Times, 304. 1830 "For several years past, a strong tide of emigration has flowed in upon us. Its wilderness has been subdued; and thriving villages and cultivated farms are now scattered over its whole extent."

[525]Ibid., XXXVI., 271.

Ibid., XXXVI., 304. "Owing to the great influx of emigration, provisions of all kinds are very scarce."

Latrobe, C. J., The Rambler, II., 221-222. Speaks of Illinois as "a country rapidly filling with settlers."

Reynolds, J., My Own Times, 304. 1830 "For several years past, a strong tide of emigration has flowed in upon us. Its wilderness has been subdued; and thriving villages and cultivated farms are now scattered over its whole extent."

[526]Niles, Weekly Register, XL., 141.Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 130.

[526]Niles, Weekly Register, XL., 141.

Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 130.

[527]Franchepain, Travels, 90-91.

[528]Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels, IX., 86.Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 207. Says that 4,000 wagon loads of dry goods, groceries, etc., and 1,000 wagon loads of iron were received at Pittsburg in 1813.

[528]Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels, IX., 86.

Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 207. Says that 4,000 wagon loads of dry goods, groceries, etc., and 1,000 wagon loads of iron were received at Pittsburg in 1813.

[529]Niles, Weekly Register, X., 371.Ibid., X., 231. Wagons with upwards of 3,500 pounds have reached Pittsburg in 13 days from Philadelphia.

[529]Niles, Weekly Register, X., 371.

Ibid., X., 231. Wagons with upwards of 3,500 pounds have reached Pittsburg in 13 days from Philadelphia.

[530]Birkbeck, M., Notes, 29.Ibid., 128. The land carriage from Philadelphia to Pittsburg is from $7 to $10 per cwt.Fearon, H. B., Journey, 186,196. references to this trade.

[530]Birkbeck, M., Notes, 29.

Ibid., 128. The land carriage from Philadelphia to Pittsburg is from $7 to $10 per cwt.

Fearon, H. B., Journey, 186,196. references to this trade.

[531]Fearon, H. B., Journey, 186.Niles, Weekly Register, XIII., 116-117. "A merchant from Marietta, Ohio, has just left this city (New York) with several tons of goods (it being his second trip,) who takes them from Albany by way of Geneva and Hamilton on the Alleghany River, to his place in the State of Ohio. This gentleman is of opinion that goods can be transported from this place to Pittsburg for considerably less than they can be taken from Philadelphia over the mountains to Pittsburg."

[531]Fearon, H. B., Journey, 186.

Niles, Weekly Register, XIII., 116-117. "A merchant from Marietta, Ohio, has just left this city (New York) with several tons of goods (it being his second trip,) who takes them from Albany by way of Geneva and Hamilton on the Alleghany River, to his place in the State of Ohio. This gentleman is of opinion that goods can be transported from this place to Pittsburg for considerably less than they can be taken from Philadelphia over the mountains to Pittsburg."

[532]Fearon, H. B., Journey, 205. "The state of trade is at present dull, but that there is a great deal of business done must be evident from the quantity of "dry goods" and "grocery stores", many of the proprietors of which have stocks as large as the majority of London retail dealers."Fordham, E. P., Travels, 75.

Fordham, E. P., Travels, 75.

[533]Niles, Weekly Register, XXVIII., 82.Birkbeck, M., Notes, 34.Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 41. "To judge of the inland commerce carried on betwixt Philadelphia and Pittsburg, a stranger has but to view this road at the present season. All day I have been brushing past wagons heavily loaded with merchandise, each drawn by five and six horses.

[533]Niles, Weekly Register, XXVIII., 82.

Birkbeck, M., Notes, 34.

Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 41. "To judge of the inland commerce carried on betwixt Philadelphia and Pittsburg, a stranger has but to view this road at the present season. All day I have been brushing past wagons heavily loaded with merchandise, each drawn by five and six horses.

[534]Welby, A., Visit, Early W. Travels, XII., 197.Niles, Weekly Register, XV., 267. "It has been estimated that three millions of dollars worth of goods were at Pittsburg on the 7th ult. (December, 1818) waiting for a rise of the waters, to descend the river, as well as a multitude of travelers and emigrants."

[534]Welby, A., Visit, Early W. Travels, XII., 197.

Niles, Weekly Register, XV., 267. "It has been estimated that three millions of dollars worth of goods were at Pittsburg on the 7th ult. (December, 1818) waiting for a rise of the waters, to descend the river, as well as a multitude of travelers and emigrants."

[535]Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 38.

[536]Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 25.

[537]Ibid., XIX., 27.Niles, Weekly Register, XXVII., 149. "The number of wagons loaded for Pittsburg, by a single house last year was upwards of 200; and the freight alone, at the present reduced rate, amounted to $24,000. (from Philadelphia).

[537]Ibid., XIX., 27.

Niles, Weekly Register, XXVII., 149. "The number of wagons loaded for Pittsburg, by a single house last year was upwards of 200; and the freight alone, at the present reduced rate, amounted to $24,000. (from Philadelphia).

[538]Flint, T., Recollections, 17.Hall, J., Letters, 34. Agrees with Flint's statement of the causes of the decline.

[538]Flint, T., Recollections, 17.

Hall, J., Letters, 34. Agrees with Flint's statement of the causes of the decline.

[539]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXII., 34.Ibid., XXXI., 165. "The river remains low. But the number of heavily laden keels which arrive and depart daily, show that the improvements in the channel have been such as to secure us an uninterrupted navigation from Pittsburg westward, at the very lowest stages of the water."Ibid., XXXIV., 411. "Pittsburg goes on prosperously. The happy union of the two arms of the American system will make her great, her manufactures and the location of the Pennsylvania Canal

[539]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXII., 34.

Ibid., XXXI., 165. "The river remains low. But the number of heavily laden keels which arrive and depart daily, show that the improvements in the channel have been such as to secure us an uninterrupted navigation from Pittsburg westward, at the very lowest stages of the water."

Ibid., XXXIV., 411. "Pittsburg goes on prosperously. The happy union of the two arms of the American system will make her great, her manufactures and the location of the Pennsylvania Canal

[540]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 208.

[541]Ibid., XXVIII., 82.

[542]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 208.

[543]Ibid., XXXIX., 219For references to manufactures seeNiles, Weekly Register, VI., 208.Ibid., XVII., 341.Ibid., VIII., 141.Thomas, D., Travels, 52.Brown, S. R. Gazetteer, 338.Fordham, E. P., Travels, 75-76, 71-72.Fearon, H. B., Journey, 203.Birkbeck, M., Notes, 33-34.Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 45.Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 25.Niles, Weekly Register, XXIX., 180.Ibid., XXXV., 102.Hall, J., Letters, 34.Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 132, 147, 426-427.Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVI., 66.Ibid., XXXVII., 178.Ibid., XXXIV., 346.

[543]Ibid., XXXIX., 219

For references to manufactures see

Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 208.

Ibid., XVII., 341.

Ibid., VIII., 141.

Thomas, D., Travels, 52.

Brown, S. R. Gazetteer, 338.

Fordham, E. P., Travels, 75-76, 71-72.

Fearon, H. B., Journey, 203.

Birkbeck, M., Notes, 33-34.

Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 45.

Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 25.

Niles, Weekly Register, XXIX., 180.

Ibid., XXXV., 102.

Hall, J., Letters, 34.

Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 132, 147, 426-427.

Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVI., 66.

Ibid., XXXVII., 178.

Ibid., XXXIV., 346.

[544]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 209.

[545]Hall, J., The West, 264.Hall, J., Notes, 270.

[545]Hall, J., The West, 264.

Hall, J., Notes, 270.

[546]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 86.Hall, J., Notes, 174. A period of distress in the western country which reached its height about 1819.Flint, T., History and Geography. I., 180.

[546]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 86.

Hall, J., Notes, 174. A period of distress in the western country which reached its height about 1819.

Flint, T., History and Geography. I., 180.

[547]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 410.Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 86. Speaks of the exportation of chair and cabinet wares.

[547]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 410.

Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 86. Speaks of the exportation of chair and cabinet wares.

[548]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 293.

[549]Birkbeck, M., Notes, 70.

[550]Niles, Weekly Register, XXIV., 176.

[551]Ibid., XXXII., 35. In three months, 40,000 hogs were packed in Cincinnati. See also, Niles, Weekly Register, XL., 142.

[552]Hall, J., Notes, 270.Flint, T., History and Geography, Appendix, 211. From Cincinnati in 1831 the exports were over $1,000,000.

[552]Hall, J., Notes, 270.

Flint, T., History and Geography, Appendix, 211. From Cincinnati in 1831 the exports were over $1,000,000.

[553]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVIII., 86-87. Ibid., XL., 52.

[554]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 209.

[555]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 410. Fearon, H. B., Journey, 231. Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels.Ix., 238. The Town suffered a decline in trade in 1817 and 1820

[555]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 410. Fearon, H. B., Journey, 231. Flint, J., Letters, Early W. Travels.

Ix., 238. The Town suffered a decline in trade in 1817 and 1820

[556]Niles, Weekly Register, X., 16.

[557]Ibid., XXXII., 35.

[558]Ibid., XXXIX., 5.

[559]Tranchepain, Travels, 116.

[560]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXII., 89.

[561]Hall, J., Notes, 267.

[562]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 250.Brown, S. R. Gazetteer, 104-105.Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVII., 181.

[562]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 250.

Brown, S. R. Gazetteer, 104-105.

Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVII., 181.

[563]Flint, History and Geography, I., 355.

[564]Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 34.

[565]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 209.

[566]Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 34.

[567]Nuttall, T., Travels, Early W. Travels, XIII., 51.

[568]Tranchepain, Travels, 91.

[569]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVI., 298.Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 431-432.

[569]Niles, Weekly Register, XXXVI., 298.

Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 431-432.

[570]Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 34.

[571]Niles, Weekly Register, VIII., 452.

[572]Ibid., XXVIII., 82.

[573]Ibid., XII., 144.

[574]Ibid., XXXVIII., 339.

[575]Brown, S. R. Gazetteer, 90.

[576]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 356-357.

[577]Ibid., I., 378.

[578]Ogden, G. W., Letters, Early W. Travels, XIX., 42.

[579]Flint, T., History and Geography, I., 414.

[580]Niles, Weekly Register, VI., 209.

[581]Ibid., XXXVI., 302.

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Cuming, Fortescue. Sketches of a tour to the western country through the States of Ohio and Kentucky, a voyage down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and a trip through the Mississippi Territory and a part of West Florida, 1807-1809. Pittsburg 1810. Reprinted in Thwaites' Early Western Travels, IV.

Ellicott, Andrew. Journal of A. Ellicott, late commissioner on behalf of the United States, 1796-1800, for determining the boundary between the possessions of the United States and Spain. Philadelphia 1814.

Faux, W. Memorable days in America, being a journal of a tour to the United States to ascertain the condition and probable prospects of British emigrants, including accounts of Birkbeck's settlement in the Illinois. London 1823. Reprinted in Thwaites' Early Western Travels, XI., XII.

Fearon, Henry B. Narrative of a journey through the eastern and western States of America 1817-1818. London 1819.

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Flint, Timothy. History and Geography of the Mississippi Valley. 2 vols. in one. Cincinnati 1832.

Flint, Timothy. Recollections of the last ten years, in the Valley of the Mississippi from Pittsburg and the Missouri to the Spanish frontier. Boston 1826.

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Forman, Samuel S. Narrative of a journey down the Ohio and Mississippi in 1789-1790. Cincinnati 1818.

Hall, Basil. Travels in North America in the year 1827-1828. 3 vols. Edinburgh 1829.

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Hall, James. The West, its commerce and navigation. Cincinnati 1848. (Not always accurate.)

Harris, Thaddeus M. Journal of a tour into the territory northwest of the Alleghany Mountains, made in the spring of the year 1803, with a geographical and historical account of the State of Ohio. Boston 1805. Reprinted in Thwaites' Early Western Travels, III.

Howells, W. Cooper. Recollections of life in Ohio 1813-1840. Cincinnati 1895.

Hulme, Thomas. Journal of a tour in the western countries of America, September 30, 1818.â€”August 8, 1819. Reprinted in Thwaites' Early Western Travels, X.

Hurd, Harvey B. The Revised Statutes of the State of Illinois. Chicago 1901.

Imlay, Gilbert, Topographical Description of the Western Territory of America. London 1797.

James, Edwin. Account of an expedition from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains performed in the years 1819-1820, under command of Major Stephen H. Long. Philadelphia 1823. Reprinted in Thwaites' Early Western Travels, XIV-XVII.

Latrobe, Charles J. Rambler in North America 1832-1833. 2 vols. London 1835.

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Peck, J. M. A guide for Emigrants, containing sketches of Illinois, Missouri, and the adjacent parts. Boston 1831.

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Pope, John. A tour through the southern and western territories of the United States of North America, the Spanish Dominions, the Floridas, Creek Nations, and many other uninhabited parts, 1792. Richmond 1792.

Reynolds, John. My own times embracing also the history of my life. Illinois 1855.

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St. Clair, A. Papers, II., Smith's Edition. Cincinnati 1882

Thomas, David. Travels through the western country in the summer of 1816. Auburn 1819.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold. Early Western Travels, 1748-1846. III, IV, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIX.

Tranchepain. Travels through the United States and America. London 1828.

United States. Journals of Congress, XII., XIII. Philadelphia 1801. Treaties and Conventions concluded between the United States of America and other powers since July 4, 1776. Washington 1873.

Volney, C. F. View of the Climate and Soil of the United States of America. London 1814.

Welby, Adlard. Visit to North America and the English settlements in Illinois, with a winter residence in Philadelphia, solely to ascertain the actual prospects of the emigrating agriculturalist, mechanic, and commercial speculator. London 1821. Reprinted in Thwaites' Early Western Travels. XII.

Hildreth, S. Prescott. Biographical and historical memoirs of the early pioneer settlers of Ohio. Cincinnati 1852.Hinsdale, Burke A. The Old Northwest, the beginning of our colonial system. Boston 1899.Howe, Henry. Historical collections of Ohio relating to its general and local history. Cincinnati 1847.Hulbert, Archer Butler. Historic Highways of America, IX. 1902-1905.Peck, J. M. and Perkins, J. H. Annals of the West. 1850.Sparks, Edwin Erle. The expansion of the American people, social and territorial. Chicago 1900.Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical History of America, VII., Boston 1889.Winsor, Justin. The westward movement: the colonies and the Republic west of the Alleghanies 1763-1798: with full cartographical illustrations from contemporary sources. Boston 1897.

Hildreth, S. Prescott. Biographical and historical memoirs of the early pioneer settlers of Ohio. Cincinnati 1852.

Hinsdale, Burke A. The Old Northwest, the beginning of our colonial system. Boston 1899.

Howe, Henry. Historical collections of Ohio relating to its general and local history. Cincinnati 1847.

Hulbert, Archer Butler. Historic Highways of America, IX. 1902-1905.

Peck, J. M. and Perkins, J. H. Annals of the West. 1850.

Sparks, Edwin Erle. The expansion of the American people, social and territorial. Chicago 1900.

Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical History of America, VII., Boston 1889.

Winsor, Justin. The westward movement: the colonies and the Republic west of the Alleghanies 1763-1798: with full cartographical illustrations from contemporary sources. Boston 1897.

As this is not a professionally published document, and was under the full control of the author, no attempt has been made to edit or improve the document. Every effort has been made to retain each character of the original document, including typographical errors and omissions, except as noted below. Hand-written corrections in typed documents were common, are assumed to be the work of the author, and have been incorporated into the document where they could be deciphered.

Changes to footnotes were made, however, in order to facilitate the linking possible in an ebook. This included the re-joining of all split footnotes, ignoring slashes that were meant to be periods following the footnote numbers, and the following correction:

The second footnote reference #6 changed to #7 on page 104 to allow linking between the text and the footnotes.

Note: A footnote is missing from the original text on page 102. An asterisk has been left in the anchor's place, but there is no matching footnote.

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