[1]Affirmation of Shawanese to the Indian trader, John Walker; see Sir John St. Clair’s letter, p. 86 ff.
[1]Affirmation of Shawanese to the Indian trader, John Walker; see Sir John St. Clair’s letter, p. 86 ff.
[2]Historic Highways of America, vol. vi, ch. I.
[2]Historic Highways of America, vol. vi, ch. I.
[3]Darlington’sChristopher Gist’s Journals, p. 32.
[3]Darlington’sChristopher Gist’s Journals, p. 32.
[4]Id., pp. 32, 33.
[4]Id., pp. 32, 33.
[5]Pennsylvania Colonial Records, vol. v, p. 750.
[5]Pennsylvania Colonial Records, vol. v, p. 750.
[6]Darlington’sChristopher Gist’s Journals, p. 33.
[6]Darlington’sChristopher Gist’s Journals, p. 33.
[7]Id., (notes), p. 91. Cf. Errett inMagazine of Western History, May 1885, p. 53.
[7]Id., (notes), p. 91. Cf. Errett inMagazine of Western History, May 1885, p. 53.
[8]Id., (notes), pp. 91-92.
[8]Id., (notes), pp. 91-92.
[9]Later the site of Fort Shirley, Shirleysburg, Huntington County. SeeFrontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 457.
[9]Later the site of Fort Shirley, Shirleysburg, Huntington County. SeeFrontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 457.
[10]Menchtown, at the foot of Ray’s Hill.
[10]Menchtown, at the foot of Ray’s Hill.
[11]Mt. Dallas.
[11]Mt. Dallas.
[12]Bedford.
[12]Bedford.
[13]Mile Hill, one mile east of Schellsburg, Bedford County.
[13]Mile Hill, one mile east of Schellsburg, Bedford County.
[14]Buckstown, Somerset County.
[14]Buckstown, Somerset County.
[15]Quemahoning—“Stoney Creek.”
[15]Quemahoning—“Stoney Creek.”
[16]Ligonier, Westmoreland County.
[16]Ligonier, Westmoreland County.
[17]Delaware Indian village of some twenty huts situated in that part of Pittsburg contained between Penn Avenue, Thirtieth Street and Two Mile Run in the Twelfth Ward, along the shore of the Allegheny.
[17]Delaware Indian village of some twenty huts situated in that part of Pittsburg contained between Penn Avenue, Thirtieth Street and Two Mile Run in the Twelfth Ward, along the shore of the Allegheny.
[18]Cf.Forbes-Bouquet, pp. 102-108.
[18]Cf.Forbes-Bouquet, pp. 102-108.
[19]Proved by comparison with Dana’sDescription of the Bounty Lands in the State of Illinois; also the principal Roads and Routes, pp. 55, 96.
[19]Proved by comparison with Dana’sDescription of the Bounty Lands in the State of Illinois; also the principal Roads and Routes, pp. 55, 96.
[20]For course of Indian path by compass seeColonial Records, vol. v, p. 750, 751; for route of state road by compass seeId., vol. xvi, pp. 466-477.
[20]For course of Indian path by compass seeColonial Records, vol. v, p. 750, 751; for route of state road by compass seeId., vol. xvi, pp. 466-477.
[21]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. ii, p. 132.
[21]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. ii, p. 132.
[22]The branch which left the main trail here led northwest to the Kiskiminitas River and down that river to Kiskiminitas Old Town at Old Town Run, seven miles distant from the Allegheny River. In the survey of the main trail previously referred to (note 20) we read: “N. 64, W. 12 Miles to Loyal Hanin Old Town; N. 20. W. 10 Miles to the Forks of the Road.” The discrepancy is so great as to lead one to think there were two routes from “Loyal Haning” to “the parting of the Road.”
[22]The branch which left the main trail here led northwest to the Kiskiminitas River and down that river to Kiskiminitas Old Town at Old Town Run, seven miles distant from the Allegheny River. In the survey of the main trail previously referred to (note 20) we read: “N. 64, W. 12 Miles to Loyal Hanin Old Town; N. 20. W. 10 Miles to the Forks of the Road.” The discrepancy is so great as to lead one to think there were two routes from “Loyal Haning” to “the parting of the Road.”
[23]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. ii, p, 135.
[23]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. ii, p, 135.
[24]PennsylvaniaColonial Records, vol. vi, p. 300.
[24]PennsylvaniaColonial Records, vol. vi, p. 300.
[25]Id., p. 302.
[25]Id., p. 302.
[26]Id., p. 318.
[26]Id., p. 318.
[27]Id., p. 377.
[27]Id., p. 377.
[28]Id., p. 403.
[28]Id., p. 403.
[29]Id., p. 404.
[29]Id., p. 404.
[30]Sioussat’s “Highway Legislation in Maryland,”Maryland Geological Survey(special publication), vol. iii, part iii, p. 136.
[30]Sioussat’s “Highway Legislation in Maryland,”Maryland Geological Survey(special publication), vol. iii, part iii, p. 136.
[31]PennsylvaniaColonial Records, pp. 434, 435.
[31]PennsylvaniaColonial Records, pp. 434, 435.
[32]Id., p. 435.
[32]Id., p. 435.
[33]Id., p. 431.
[33]Id., p. 431.
[34]Id., p. 446.
[34]Id., p. 446.
[35]Id., p. 452.
[35]Id., p. 452.
[36]Id., pp. 431, 460.
[36]Id., pp. 431, 460.
[37]Id., p. 485.
[37]Id., p. 485.
[38]Id., p. 493.
[38]Id., p. 493.
[39]Id., p. 499.
[39]Id., p. 499.
[40]For road-cutters’ claim of £5000, see PennsylvaniaColonial Records, vol. vi, pp. 523, 620-621.
[40]For road-cutters’ claim of £5000, see PennsylvaniaColonial Records, vol. vi, pp. 523, 620-621.
[41]Land Records of Allegheny County, Maryland, Liber D, fol. 225.
[41]Land Records of Allegheny County, Maryland, Liber D, fol. 225.
[42]Id., p. 561.
[42]Id., p. 561.
[43]See Davies’s Sermon,Virginia’s Danger and Remedy, (Glasgow, 1756) 2d ed., p. 6; Cort’sColonel Henry Bouquet, p. 74; LondonPublic Advertiser, October 3, 1755;Bouquet au Forbes, July 31, 1758, p. 113; “I know of only one remedy for the frightful indolence of the officers of these provinces, which would be to drum one out in the presence of the whole army”—Bouquet au Forbes, July 1758;Bouquet Papers, 21, 640, fol. 95. Bury:Exodus of the Western Nations, vol. ii, pp. 250-251.
[43]See Davies’s Sermon,Virginia’s Danger and Remedy, (Glasgow, 1756) 2d ed., p. 6; Cort’sColonel Henry Bouquet, p. 74; LondonPublic Advertiser, October 3, 1755;Bouquet au Forbes, July 31, 1758, p. 113; “I know of only one remedy for the frightful indolence of the officers of these provinces, which would be to drum one out in the presence of the whole army”—Bouquet au Forbes, July 1758;Bouquet Papers, 21, 640, fol. 95. Bury:Exodus of the Western Nations, vol. ii, pp. 250-251.
[44]PennsylvaniaColonial Records, vol. vi, p. 503.
[44]PennsylvaniaColonial Records, vol. vi, p. 503.
[45]Morris to Braddock, July 3, 1755.
[45]Morris to Braddock, July 3, 1755.
[46]Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. i, pp. 4, 5.
[46]Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. i, pp. 4, 5.
[47]Cabins fortified by their owners and neighbors.
[47]Cabins fortified by their owners and neighbors.
[48]Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 558.
[48]Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 558.
[49]Braddock’s Road cannot be considered as a wagon road at this time; long before hostilities had ceased it had become impassable for wagons.
[49]Braddock’s Road cannot be considered as a wagon road at this time; long before hostilities had ceased it had become impassable for wagons.
[50]Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 536.
[50]Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 536.
[51]Historic Highways of America, vol. ii, p. 85.
[51]Historic Highways of America, vol. ii, p. 85.
[52]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. iii, p. 119.
[52]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. iii, p. 119.
[53]Parkman:Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. ii, p. 41.
[53]Parkman:Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. ii, p. 41.
[54]Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. ii, p. 132.
[54]Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. ii, p. 132.
[55]See note 60.
[55]See note 60.
[56]This, as with all succeeding quotations from the correspondence of Bouquet, Forbes, and St. Clair, was copied by the writer from the originals in theBouquet Papersin the British Museum.
[56]This, as with all succeeding quotations from the correspondence of Bouquet, Forbes, and St. Clair, was copied by the writer from the originals in theBouquet Papersin the British Museum.
[57]The main route westward was, the year before, in poor condition between Philadelphia and Bedford.Loudon to Denny, Pennsylvania Archives, iii, pp. 278-279.
[57]The main route westward was, the year before, in poor condition between Philadelphia and Bedford.Loudon to Denny, Pennsylvania Archives, iii, pp. 278-279.
[58]Forbes to Pitt, October 20, 1758.
[58]Forbes to Pitt, October 20, 1758.
[59]By Hildreth and others.
[59]By Hildreth and others.
[60]Forbes to Governor Denny(of Pennsylvania), March 20, 1758: Pennsylvania Records, N, p. 206.
[60]Forbes to Governor Denny(of Pennsylvania), March 20, 1758: Pennsylvania Records, N, p. 206.
[61]Note 43, first reference.
[61]Note 43, first reference.
[62]Cf.Historic Highways of America, vol. iv, p. 192.
[62]Cf.Historic Highways of America, vol. iv, p. 192.
[63]Fort Frederick-Fort Cumberland route.
[63]Fort Frederick-Fort Cumberland route.
[64]Braddock’s Road.
[64]Braddock’s Road.
[65]Sparks:Writings of Washington, vol. ii, p. 295.
[65]Sparks:Writings of Washington, vol. ii, p. 295.
[66]Id., p. 298.
[66]Id., p. 298.
[67]Bouquet never exaggerates the difficulties that would attend Forbes if he chose to march by Fort Cumberland.
[67]Bouquet never exaggerates the difficulties that would attend Forbes if he chose to march by Fort Cumberland.
[68]Sparks:Writings of Washington, (1834) vol. ii, p. 300, note.
[68]Sparks:Writings of Washington, (1834) vol. ii, p. 300, note.
[69]Quotations from Washington’s correspondence can be identified by dates in Sparks’sWritings of Washington.
[69]Quotations from Washington’s correspondence can be identified by dates in Sparks’sWritings of Washington.
[70]Forbes to Bouquet, August 28, 1756.
[70]Forbes to Bouquet, August 28, 1756.
[71]Sparks:Writings of Washington(1834), vol. ii, p. 308, note.
[71]Sparks:Writings of Washington(1834), vol. ii, p. 308, note.
[72]Washington’s jealousy of Virginia’s welfare appeared in 1755 when the question of Braddock’s route from Alexandria to Fort Cumberland arose. It would seem to us today that conditions in Virginia must have been pitiable if the marching of an army through the colony could have been considered in any way a boon. Yet such was Washington’s attitude in 1755 toward the Governor of Maryland’s new road. In a letter to Lord Fairfax dated May 5, 1755, Washington objected to Dunbar’s regiment marching to Cumberland by way of Frederick, Maryland; in a letter to Major Carlisle written from Fort Cumberland May 14, 1755, he ridicules the route: “Dunbar had to recross [the Potomac] at Connogagee [Williamsport, Maryland] and come down [into Virginia]—laughable enough.”
[72]Washington’s jealousy of Virginia’s welfare appeared in 1755 when the question of Braddock’s route from Alexandria to Fort Cumberland arose. It would seem to us today that conditions in Virginia must have been pitiable if the marching of an army through the colony could have been considered in any way a boon. Yet such was Washington’s attitude in 1755 toward the Governor of Maryland’s new road. In a letter to Lord Fairfax dated May 5, 1755, Washington objected to Dunbar’s regiment marching to Cumberland by way of Frederick, Maryland; in a letter to Major Carlisle written from Fort Cumberland May 14, 1755, he ridicules the route: “Dunbar had to recross [the Potomac] at Connogagee [Williamsport, Maryland] and come down [into Virginia]—laughable enough.”
[73]As to the correctness of Forbes’s statement seeBougainville au Cremille, Pennsylvania Archives (2d series), vol. vi, p. 425; alsoDaine au Maréchal de Belleisle,id., pp. 420, 423.
[73]As to the correctness of Forbes’s statement seeBougainville au Cremille, Pennsylvania Archives (2d series), vol. vi, p. 425; alsoDaine au Maréchal de Belleisle,id., pp. 420, 423.
[74]Armstrong to Richard Peters.Pennsylvania Archives, vol. iii, p. 552.
[74]Armstrong to Richard Peters.Pennsylvania Archives, vol. iii, p. 552.
[75]Parkman:Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. ii, p. 162.
[75]Parkman:Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. ii, p. 162.
[76]Entick:History of the Late War(1763), vol. iii, p. 263, note.
[76]Entick:History of the Late War(1763), vol. iii, p. 263, note.
[77]Lincoln to Irvine, July 25, 1782.
[77]Lincoln to Irvine, July 25, 1782.
[78]Id., June 23. 1783.
[78]Id., June 23. 1783.
[79]Egle’sHistory of Pennsylvania, pp. 1153, 1154.
[79]Egle’sHistory of Pennsylvania, pp. 1153, 1154.
[80]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. viii, p. 120.
[80]Pennsylvania Archives, vol. viii, p. 120.
[81]Brig. Gen. Hazen to Irvine, September 21, 1782.
[81]Brig. Gen. Hazen to Irvine, September 21, 1782.
[82]Colonial Records, vol. xv, pp. 13, 121, 273, 274, 322, 326-327, 330, 331-337, 346, 359, 431, 519, 594, 599, 635; vol. xvi, pp. 466-477.
[82]Colonial Records, vol. xv, pp. 13, 121, 273, 274, 322, 326-327, 330, 331-337, 346, 359, 431, 519, 594, 599, 635; vol. xvi, pp. 466-477.
[83]Several items of interest to students of Forbes’s Road will be found inHistory of the County of Westmorland, Pennsylvania, pp. 28-31.
[83]Several items of interest to students of Forbes’s Road will be found inHistory of the County of Westmorland, Pennsylvania, pp. 28-31.
[84]McMaster’sHistory of the People of the United States, vol. i, pp. 67, 68.
[84]McMaster’sHistory of the People of the United States, vol. i, pp. 67, 68.
[85]Historic Highways of America, vol. xi.
[85]Historic Highways of America, vol. xi.
[86]Darlington’s note in Edes’sJournal and Letters of Col. John May, of Boston, p. 31; Dr. S. P. Hildreth:Early Immigration, p. 124.
[86]Darlington’s note in Edes’sJournal and Letters of Col. John May, of Boston, p. 31; Dr. S. P. Hildreth:Early Immigration, p. 124.
[87]The Olden Time, vol. ii., p. 335.
[87]The Olden Time, vol. ii., p. 335.
[88]Journal and Letters of Col. John May, p. 30.
[88]Journal and Letters of Col. John May, p. 30.
[89]Journal of a Tour in Unsettled Parts of North America, London 1856, pp. 129-143.
[89]Journal of a Tour in Unsettled Parts of North America, London 1856, pp. 129-143.
[90]Notes on a Journey in America, 3d edition, 1818, p. 30.
[90]Notes on a Journey in America, 3d edition, 1818, p. 30.
[91]Id., pp. 31, 36.
[91]Id., pp. 31, 36.
[92]Letters from Illinois(London 1818), pp. 52, 77;Additional Extracts, p. 111.
[92]Letters from Illinois(London 1818), pp. 52, 77;Additional Extracts, p. 111.
[93]Memorable Days in America(London 1823), p. 164.
[93]Memorable Days in America(London 1823), p. 164.
[94]History and Description of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1853, p. 20.
[94]History and Description of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1853, p. 20.