Abbasid Caliphs,159Abdul Hamid,225Abu-dekr,55,158Abul Abbas,162Acacius,72Academies,152Achmet, Grand Vizier,211Achmet, son of Bajazet,195Achmet II,213Achmet III,217Acholius, Bp.,80Ada Kalé,324Adjé Bey,170Adrianople,44,110,171Ahmedyeh Achmet, Mosque of,68,102,103Akindji, Irregular Light Horse,165Al Mamun,159Ala-ed-din,164Albanians, The,242,271Alcibiades,42Aleppo, Battle at,197Alexander the Great, Sarcophagus of,50Alexander John I,25Alexander I of Servia,285Alexander von Battenberg,285Alexius,65,135Ali Pasha of Janina,173,223,243Almoraivids of Spain, The,160Amron, Omar’s General,158“Amselfeld,” The,174,289Amurath I,54,170Amurath II,66,179Amurath III,105Amurath IV,208Amycus, King of the Bebryces,37Anatoli Hissar,38Anatoli Kavak,30Anatolian peasants,149Andronicus, Emperor,166Anemas, Tower of,135Angelus, Tower of Isaac,135Angora, Defeat of Bajazet at,177Anthony of Thebais,94Apsimar,74Arab power, Rise of the,146Arabs, The,96Arcadius,60Armatoles,237Armenian Church, The,85Armenians, The,85,266Armistice, An,319Armoury, The,57Army, Bad organization of the Turkish,153Army of Mohammed IV,211Army, Roumania’s,27Army, Selim’s,203Arslan, son of Thogrul,160Art in Constantinople,51,156Arsena Clan, The,145Ashikian, Patriarch,270Athenians, The,42At-meïdan,71Atrium of Justinian, The,53Attila,119Augsburg,198Austria and Roumania,26Austrian railway carriages,19Avari, The,22,42,52Azab’s Light Infantry,165Badajoz, Espionage at,34Baikal, The Turks at Lake,146Bairam, Feast of,44Bajazet,55,174Baker Pasha, Valentine,140Baldwin,20,116,298Balkan Peninsula, Peoples of the,260Baltaoghli, Admiral,130Balukli, Legend of the Monastery of,258Barbarossa,19,66,161Banat, The,22Basil “Bulgaroktonos,”115Bathory, Stephan,183Bears in Roumania,26Beikos,37Bela I of Hungary,160Belgrade,32,181,213Benedictines, Order of,159Bentinck, Sir Thomas,66Beshiktash,39Bessarabia, Russia and,25Block-houses, System of,110Blue and Green Factions,72Bondelmontius,50Boniface IX, Pope,175Boris, King,95Bosnia,222Bosphorus, The,29;temples,30;Anatoli Kavak,30;Roumeli Kavak,30;the Kruli,30;Scutari,30;Goths,30;Russians,30;Genoese,31;Venetians,31;Giant’s Mtn.,31;grave of Joshua,31;Therapia,37;Beikos,37;Castles,38;the Golden Horn,39;Stamboul,40;hospital at Scutari,40Brancovan of Wallachia,23Brancoviç, George,182Brigandage,237British and Turkish Empires,156Broussa,163Bucharest,27;Treaty of,283Buda-Pesth, Capture of,199Bulgaria,22;and Roumania,27,44;conquest by,111;defeated by Basil,115;defeat the Greeks,136,173,236,294Büyük Chekmedje, Lake,138Byzantium, Foundation of,41Byzas, Founder of Byzantium,40,41Caliphate, The,97,146Calderon, Valley of,196Calo, John,298Camoens,38Candia, Capture of,212Candilli, The,104Cannon, Urban’s,127Cantacuzene,24Cantomir of Moldavia,23Capistran, Johann,78Caraccioli,205Carlowitz, Treaty of,216Carmania, Prince of,170Carpathians,20Castles on the Bosphorus,38Cerestes, Battle at,207Cervantes,205Characteristics, National,109Charlemagne,52Chakir,159Chalcedon,40;Council of,86Charles V,56,66,198Charles XII of Sweden,217Charles of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen,25Chatalja,111,136Chavannes,145Chazars, Khan of the,73Cheironeia, Battle of,263Chinese and Turks, The,145Christians, Freedom of,163Chroseos, King of the Persians,42Chrysopolis,30Chrysostom,60,84Cicala Pasha,207Clement VII,173Cracow,19Crimea, The,42Crum, King,115Crusades, The,78,161Cœur-de-Lion, Richard,161Cologne Cathedral,114Comnena, Anna,134Comnenus, Manuel,134Colonies, Roman,21Columbus,194Constanza,27Constantine Copronymus,114Constantine, The Castle of,42Constantine XI,184Constantine the Great,42,80Constantine, Prince,93Constantinople, a city of contrasts,44;its buildings,51;Seraglio,51;seven hills,51;beauties of,51-2;streets,121;capture of,128,178;siege of,180;capture of,185Constantius,50,60Convents,95Corvinus, Matthias,193Count of Flanders, The,25Courtesy of the Turk,155Cypresses, The,124Cyprus, Capture of,204Cyril,95Dacia Trajana,20Dacians,20,260Damascus,158Dandolo, Doge,43,65Danielis and Basil,115Danilo II,288Dashnaktsutian Secret Society,270Decebal,21Decebalus, King,260Dedo ’Mitri,301De Lisle, Adam,199Demosthenes,42Diarbekr,197Djem, Prince, Bajazet’s brother,192Dobrutsha, Roumania and the,25Dogs,103Don Juan of Austria,204Doria, Andrea,205Doria, Admiral,66Druses of Lebanon, The,206Ducas, the Byzantine chronicler,39Dundas, Murder of,163Dürkö or Turk,145Ecbatana,158Edirné Kapou,133,152Egri Kapou, The,135Elizabeth, Queen,66,205Eudoxia, Empress,84Eugène, Prince,216Eutychius,64Eyub, Mosque of,97Famimit Caliphs,160Fauna of Roumania,26Ferdinand, Archduke,200Ferdinand the Catholic,194Ferdinand, King,93,120Finns,22;treatment of, by Ivan the Cruel,204Firaz Agha,38Fires,106Flanders, Counts of, as Emperors,43Forests of Roumania,26Francis I,56,199Galata,31,39,46Galatz,20Gallipoli, Capture of,170,180Gazi Hassan,218Gennodius,54,252Genoese, The,31;fleet of, in the Golden Horn,39,129,169Gepidi, The,21,264Ghasi Fasil,170Ghaznevids of Afghanistan,158Ghevout, King,267Ghika, the cats’-meat man,24Ghoureha, or Foreign Horse,165Giant’s Mtn.,31Giougen, or Jwen-jwen, The,145Gipsies, The,22,132Giustiniani,131Golden Gate, The,113Golden Horde, The,162Golden Horn, The,39Golubaç,282Goths, The,21,30,110,263Grand Viziers,210Grant, Johannes,134Gratian,114Gratitude of the Turk,154Great Britain and Turkey,121,217Greek Music,244Greek Orthodoxy,54Greek Patriarch, The,236Greeks, The,43,44;defeated by the Bulgarians,13,235,238,244Gregory IV,159Gueshof, M.,95Gutenberg, Meister,193Hadrian,110Haiasdan,266Halki or Khalki Hills,52“Hamidieh,” The,148Hamals,122Haroun-al-Raschid,159Hasandshan,198Hassam Fehoni, Murder of,227Hassan, the Giant of Ulubad,131Hellenes, The,233Henry IV of Germany,160Henry VIII,56Heraclius,114,146Heraklea,30Hermanstadt,181“Heroön,” The,102Heruli, The,30Herzegovina,222Hieron, Straits of,30Hilmi Pasha,227Hippodrome, The,63Hiung-nu, The,145Hormisdas, Palace of,116Hospitality of the Turk,156Hospitals,153Humdi Bey,51Hungarians,22,264Hungary, Invasion of,176,199Huns, The,21,264Hunyadi Janos,23,175,181Hussars, The,166Hussein, Grand Vizier,216Ibrahim,209Ibrahim or Kara Gehennin,220Ibrahim Pasha,243Ignatius,91Illyrians, The ancient,260Intellect of the Turk,156Invasion of Turkey, The,231Iranians, The,145Irene, Empress,52Iron Gates, The,20Isabella of Castile,194Isidore, Cardinal,128Islam, Advance of,96,147,186Ismail, Shah,195Issa, son of Bajazet,179Ivan the Terrible,204Janissaries, The,74,113,203,213,216,219Japheth, Descent from,143Jenghiz Khan,161Jesuits, The,198Jews and Turks,226Joachim III, His Holiness,251John II of Portugal,194John V, Emperor,169John VII,134Joseph, Exarch of Bulgaria,313Joshua, The Mtn. of,31Julian, Cardinal,182Justin,72;and the Turkish envoys,146Justinian and Theodora,72Kaim, Caliph,160Kanson-Ghauri,197Kapodistrias, M., First President of the Hellenes,235Kara George,220Kara Mustapha, Grand Vizier,210,212Kemal-Reis,194Kerko Porta, The,134Kerkoud, Battle at,218Khairreddin Barbarossa,66,148,201Khaled, Arab general,158Khourrem,56Kiamil Pasha,227Kilia, Fort of,30Kirk Kilisse, Battle of,315Klephts,238Knjes Lazar,23Kochana Massacres, The,231Koepri Hissar, Attack on,163Koiridocastron,169Koran, The,189Korkoud, son of Bajazet,195Kossova,23,78;Battle of,174Kumani, The,22Kumanovo, Battle of,315Kunobitza, Mt., Victory at,182Kurdistan,197Kurds, The,268Kütshük Agia Sofia,103Ladislaus, King,182Lalashahin, General,171Lazar, King,174Lazarevitch, King Stephen,174Lemnos,53Leo X, Pope,56Leo the Isaurian,57Leonardo da Vinci,194Leontius, General,73Lepanto,205London, Conference in,322Louis of Hungary, King,199Lüle Burgas, Debacle of,150Luther,90,193Lycus, Valley of the,116,127Macchiavelli,194Magyars,160,213Mahmoud I,217Mahmoud II,220Mahmud, Sultan,159Mahmud of Ghazin,160Mahpeiker, Sultana,208Malcolm III,160Mamelukes, The,195Manuel Palæologus,178Marble Tower, The,112,137Marco Colonna,204Maritza, Valley of the,120,172Marmora, Sea of,53;Arabs on the,146Marsovan, The College of,270Massacre of Shiites,56Massacres of Armenians,270Massacres of Kotchana,313Masud,160Maximilian, Emperor,204Maximus,113Mazeppa, Hetman,217Medical organizations,122Medici, The,193Mediterranean, Solyman’s successes in the,