Fallen Timber, battle of,67.Ferries,46-47.Fink, Mike, "the Snag,"64; "Snapping Turtle,"64.Fitch, John, steamboat experiments,12,101-102,103-105; petition to Congress,106-107; obtains monopoly from States,106; Fulton and,108.Forbes, General John, captures Fort Duquesne,26; breaks army road,50.Forman, Joshua, bill for Erie Canal project,124.Franklin, Benjamin, on making rivers navigable,30; and international boundary line,164.Frederick (Md.), trail from,18.Free Democrat,St. Joseph, quoted,192-193.Freeland, H., account of theClermont,113-114.French as commercial rivals,20.Fulton, Robert, steamboat experiments,12,107-114; and Livingston,108-112; on Erie Canal committee,125; bibliography,199.Fur trade, French and,20; with Illinois country,66; headquarters at St. Louis,186.
Gallatin, Albert, scheme of internal improvements,114.Geddes, James, engineer,125.Gibbons, Thomas, steamboat competitor of Ogden,132.Great Britain, steamboat experiments in,109; Fulton imports engine from,111,113.Great Kanawha River, Washington outlines route by way of,10; as trade route,19.Great Lakes, Washington's vision concerning,8; French on,20; navigation of,154et seq.Great Meadows, Washington on,8; Nemacolin's Path by,18."Great Trail,"28.Great Western(lake steamer),168.Greensburg (Penn.), growth of,26.Greenville, Treaty of,67.
Hamilton County (O.) organized,68.Hard Times (Miss.), location changed by Mississippi River,177.Hawkins, John, Shreve compared with,175.Hawley, Jesse, and Erie Canal,115,119.Hazard, of Pennsylvania,31; and Lehigh coal,40.Hempstead, fur trader,186.Henry Clay(steamboat),156.Hercules(lake freighter),169.Heydt, Jost, leads immigrants south,49."Highland Trail,"17,20.Hit or Miss(canal boat),140.Hockaday and Liggett establish stage line to Great Salt Lake,189.Holliday, Ben, and Overland Route,190.Horses, pack,21; in "Bonnyclabber Country,"86.Hough, Emerson,The Passing of the Frontier, cited,189(note).Houghton, Douglass, discovers copper in Michigan,165.Hudson River, Washington foresees joining to Great Lakes,8; pathway along,15;see alsoErie Canal.
Illinois, trade with,66; growth of population,116,156; canal fever,157,161; railway projects,171; influence of river trade on,180.Illinois(lake steamer),168.Illinois Central Railroad,170.Illinois-Michigan Canal,157-158,161,167,168.Illinois River, French on,20.Independence (Mo.), Overland Trail from,189.Indiana, migration to,67; growth of population,116,156; canal enthusiasm,161; railway projects,171; influence of river trade on,180.Indians, trails,14,18; pack-horse trade with,21,27.Ingles ferry,47.Iowa, influence of river trade on,180.
J. M. White(river boat),184,185,186.James-Kanawha Turnpike,10.James River,17; Washington's vision regarding,8,10; as trade route,19.Jefferson, Thomas, plan for settlement of West,4.June Bug, stagecoach line,122.Juniata River, Kittanning Trail along,17,152.
Keever, Captain, builds steamboat on Ohio,78.Kent, Chancellor, and Erie Canal,127,128.Kentucky, wagon road constructed to,49-50; migration to,67.King, Billy, builder of theJ. M. White,184.Kittanning Trail,17,25.Knoxville (Tenn.), Baily reaches,98.
Labadie, fur trader,186.Lake Shore Railroad,170,171.Lancaster (O.) grant to Zane at,47.Lancaster Turnpike,35,53-58.Laramie, Fort, Overland Trail to,189.Lee, Arthur, on cost of transportation (1784),66.Lee, Henry, Washington writes to,9.Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company,39,43.Lehigh Coal Company,42-43.Lehigh Navigation Company,42-43.Lewis and Clark expedition,12.Liggett and Holliday run stage to Salt Lake,189.Ligonier (Penn.), growth of,26.Ligonier, Fort,50.Lisa, Manuel, fur trader,186.Livingston, R. R., and Fulton,108-112; on Erie Canal committee,125.Long, Major, expedition up Missouri River,186.Louisiana cotton exports,180.Louisiana of Marietta(ship),77.Louisiana Purchase,75,77.Louisville, importance and growth,68-69; as river port,73-74,77; shipbuilding,180.Ludlow, actor, singsThe Hunters of Kentucky,62-63.
Mackinaw Island, port of entry,74.Marietta (O.), founded,67-68; shipbuilding,76; as port of entry,77.Maryland, Washington outlines trade routes for,10; roads,49,53,58-59; cotton grown in,85; Cumberland Road,119; canals,136,144; Canal Company formed,145;see alsoBaltimore.Massac, Fort (Ill.), port of entry,74;75,77; Baily at,93.Massachusetts, Old Bay Path,16; roads,44,54-55.Mauch Chunk (Penn.), coal from,40.Maynard and Morrison, trade with Illinois,66.Menard, fur trader,186.Mercer quoted,148.Miami Canal,159.Michigan, growth of population,116,156; plan for Erie Canal funds from sale of land in,117,125; development,164; "Toledo War,"164-165; minerals,165.Michigan(lake steamer),168.Milwaukee, demand for transportation facilities,164; harbor improvement,169.Minnesota, development,164.Mirror,New York, printsThe Hunters of Kentucky,62.Mississippi cotton exports,180.Mississippi River, Washington's vision of navigation on,12;French on,20; importance to commerce,160; canal to connect with Lake Michigan,161,163; navigation,176et seq.; eccentricities,177,183.Missouri, influence of river trade on,180; admitted as State,187.Missouri River, navigation on,186,187,188.Mohawk River, route through Appalachians,16.Mohawk Trail,16.Mohawk Turnpike,16.Mohawk Valley, Washington and,7.Monongahela Farmer(ship),76.Monroe, James, Fulton writes to,107,110,112; recommends congressional aid for canals,145.Montreal, furs brought to,20; rival of New York City,125,126.Moody, John,The Railroad Builders, cited,157(note).Morey, Samuel, inventor of stern-wheeler,104,109,110.Morgantown (Penn.), growth of,26.Morris, Gouverneur, of New York,31,36.
Nashville (Tenn.), trails to,19.Natchez (Miss.), Baily at,93,97.Natchez Trace,96.National, stagecoach line,122.Nemacolin Path,18,25.Newberry, Oliver, of Detroit, buildsMichigan,168.New Madrid, Baily at,93.New Orleans, made open port,75; Baily at,95; steamboat tonnage of (1843),181.New Orleans(steamboat),180,181,187.New York (State), Washington foresees communication lines of,9; canal project,35-38; roads,44,59; Livingston obtains steamboat monopoly,109; steamboat grant to Livingston, Roosevelt and Fulton,111; railroads,151,153;see alsoErie Canal.New York Central Railroad,153; Washington and,9; follows Mohawk Trail,16,17.New York City, Baily at,84; Erie Canal and,125,126; tonnage compared to that of river ports,181.Niagara, French at,25.Niagara(steamboat),156.Nickel Plate Railroad,17.Northwest, Deane's plan for,2-3; navigation of Great Lakes,154et seq.; immigration to,167-168.
Ogden, Aaron,vs.Gibbon,132.Ohio, migration to,67; growth of population,116,156; and Cumberland Road,117; canals,157-160; admitted as State (1802),158; railroads,171; influence of river trade on,180.Ohio and Lake Erie Company,145.Ohio Canal,157,159,168,169.Ohio River, Washington and,8,12; access of French and English to,25; value of cargoes on (1800),74; Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reaches (1853),151,183; navigation,180.Old Bay Path,15,16.Ontario(steamboat),156.Orange, Fort (Albany),16;see alsoAlbany.Ordinance of 1787,170.Oregon, western trail to,188;effect of acquisition on transportation,191.Orleans(steamboat),78.Ormsbee, of Connecticut, makes steamboat model,104.Ottawa (Ill.) canal terminal,162.Overland Stage Company,189.Overland Trail,189,191.
Palmyra (Tenn.), as river port,74.Pedee River,17."Pennamite" war,194.Pennsylvania, Washington and transportation in,9,10-11; canals,33-35,136; roads,35,44,45,48-49,50,53-54,119-120; "Bonnyclabber Country,"86,87; and Great Lakes,138; railways,151.Pennsylvania Canal,132; Washington forecasts,9; route,139; engineering achievement,139-140.Pennsylvania Railroad,142,153; Washington and,9-10; follows Indian trail,29; incorporated (1846),151; reaches Ohio River,171.Perkins, fur trader,186.Philadelphia, roads to,48-49; meeting to protest against monopoly of Lancaster Turnpike,55; Baily at,84; rival of New York City,137.Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road Company,53-54.Philadelphia Road,49.Pickering plan of occupying West,4.Pike, Captain Z. M.,93.Pioneer, stagecoach line,122.Pioneer(steamboat),156.Pitt, Fort,28.Pittsburgh, growth,26,67; trade with,65-66,66-67,75; shipbuilding,76; port of entry,77; Baily reaches,88.Platt, Judge, and Erie Canal,126,127.Pontiac's Rebellion,26-27,34."Pony Express,"192.Potomac Canal Company,143.Potomac Company,31-33,138.Potomac River, Washington's vision regarding,8,10; commerce on,17-18.Prairie(steamboat),182.Presq'Isle (Erie) recommended as place of embarkation,35.Prices in 1800,92.Putnam, General Rufus, advocates Pickering plan,3-4.