CONSULTATIONS BY LETTER.

Formerly, we published in this book a very extensive list of questions to be answered by those consulting us, but a large experience has convinced us that beyond requiring answers to a few leading questions, which we still retain, it is better to let the patient describe the malady in his or her own way and language. After receiving and considering such a history, if we do not fully understand the patient's malady, we will ask such further questions as may be necessary. The patient should, however, in addition to writing name, post-office, county, and state,plainly, state the name of the town containing the nearest express office. Next give age, sex, whether married or single, complexion, height, present and former weight, if known, and occupation. State also if you have been a hard worker, and whether it is necessary for you to labor hard now, how long you have been out of health, and from what particular symptoms you suffer most. Follow this with a history of your case in your own language. If you find in this volume an accurate description of your disease, state the page and paragraph where it occurs.

We now make no charge for consultation by letter, but, instead of the one dollar formerly charged by us as a consultation fee, as we are desirous of making our facilities for treatment known to invalids far and near, we request that all persons writing to us for advice send us the names of all those within the circle of their acquaintance who are in any way in need of medical or surgical treatment for chronic diseases. If convenient, send the list on a separate piece of paper.

Should you send a vial of urine for analysis, about a cupful will do, andall express charges on it must be prepaid. All liquids are excluded from the mails, when discovered, and yet we have received hundreds of samples through the mails safely when put in homoeopathic or othervery smallvials, well corked and carefully packed in a light tin can orwoodenbox, or in a light pine stick bored out hollow, the vial being carefully packed in sufficient saw-dust or blotting paper to absorb all liquid should the vial get broken. Letter postage, that is, two cents for each one ounce or fraction thereof, must be paid upon these sealed packages. Send the first urine that is passed after rising in the morning.

Next in importance to a correct understanding of the patient's disease, is the possession of reliable remedies for its treatment. Many of the medicines employed by physicians engaged in general practice are prepared from old drugs that have lost all their medicinal virtues, and hence are utterly useless and ineffectual. Many vegetable extracts are inert, because the plants from which they are produced were not gathered at the proper time. To give the reader an idea of the great care which we exercise in the selection and preparation of our medicines, he is requested to read under the head of "The Preparation of Medicines," in "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser."

require the payment of monthly fees, in advance, which entitles the patient to medicines specially prepared for and adapted to his or her particular case, and to all necessary attention and advice. Our fees for treatment are moderate, varying according to the nature and requirements of each particular case, and will be made known at the time of consultation.

We receive applications from strangers residing in all parts of America, and even in foreign countries, and it is not reasonable to suppose that credit could be dispensed so indiscriminately. It would not be a correct business transaction for a merchant to send a barrel of sugar or a roll of cloth to a stranger living hundreds of miles away, to be paid for when used. Our knowledge and medicines constitute our capital in business, and an order upon that capital should be accompanied with an equivalent. Some applicants refer us to their neighbors for a testimonial of their integrity. We cannot spare the time or employ assistants to make such inquiries for the sake of trusting any one. Should credit be thus indiscriminately given, there would necessarily be losses, and, to compensate for these, and the extra expense incurred by the employment of assistants, our fees would have to be much larger, thereby imposing the burden upon those whodopay. Instead of following this method of procedure, we place professional services within the reach of all, so that a greater number may be benefited. Many invalids say that they have paid large sums of money to medical men for treatment without obtaining relief. Unfortunately our land is cursed with quacks and unprincipled practitioners, who seek no one's good but their own, and it is a defect in our law that it permits such swindlers to go unpunished. Not so reprehensible is the family physician who fails, because his limited and varied practice does not permit him to become proficient in treating chronic diseases.

The following beautiful sentiment of Hood truthfully expresses the sacredness of the physician's trust:

"Above all price of wealthThe body's jewel. Not for minds or hands profaneTo tamper with in practice vain.Like to a woman's virtue is man's health;A heavenly gift within a holy shrine!To be approached and touched with serious fear,By hands made pure and hearts of faith severe,E'en as the priesthood of the One Divine."

We are in regular practice, responsible for what we say and do, and cordially invite those who desire further evidence of our success in curing chronic diseases to come to the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute and satisfy themselves of the truthfulness of our statements.

We are warranted in saying that our responsibility and disposition for fair dealing are known to many of the principal mercantile houses, as well as to all prominent American editors. We also refer to our present and former patients, one or more of whom may be found in almost every hamlet of America. To all who are under our treatment we devote our highest energies and skill, fully realizing that an untold blessing is conferred upon every person whom we cure, and that such cures insure the permanency of our business. On the contrary, we realize how unfortunate it is for us to fail in restoring to health any person whom we have encouraged to hope for relief. We are careful, therefore, not to assume the treatment of incurable cases, except when desired to do so for the purpose of mitigating suffering or prolonging life; for we never wish to encourage false hopes of recovery.

are moderate, varying with the nature of the case and the apartments occupied. At times so great is the number applying to avail themselves of the skill of our Faculty, and the advantages which our institution affords, that we are unable to receive all applicants. To be sure of securing good apartments, it is well to engage them sometime ahead, and make an advance payment of fifty dollars or more upon them, which will be refunded in case acute sickness or any similar cause should prevent the patient from occupying them at the time specified. Complete terms for treatment and board can be arranged only when personal application for entrance to the institution is made, and the nature and extent of the disease and the necessary treatment fully determined by personal examination of the case. If satisfactory terms and arrangements cannot at that time be agreed upon, or if the case be deemed incurable, any advance payments that have been made to secure good apartments will be promptly refunded.

Those coming here to consult us personally, should bring the money to pay for our services and for board and care while remaining here, in the form of drafts on New York City, Boston or Chicago, andnotin the form of checks on a local or home bank. Such drafts can be purchased in the home bank by paying a small amount for the exchange. If more convenient, post office orders payable at Buffalo post office will do.

We are frequently asked to visit patients residing hundreds of miles away, that we may personally examine their cases, or perform difficult surgical operations. We can seldom comply with such requests as the time of our professional Staff is generally very fully occupied.

wishing to consult us in intricate cases of chronic diseases under their treatment, we desire to say that we shall, as in the past, take pleasure in responding to their solicitations. We have all the necessary instruments and appliances required in executing the most difficult surgical operations, and, as we have had much experience in this department, we are always ready and able to assist physicians who do not practice operative surgery. In this age of railways and telegraphs medical and surgical aid can be summoned from a distance and promptly obtained.

as put up for sale through druggists, are not recommended as "cure-alls," or panaceas, but only as superior remedies for certain common and easily-recognized diseases. They are our favorite prescriptions, improved and perfected by long study and a vast experience in the treatment of chronic diseases, and have gained world-wide celebrity and sale. We are well aware that there are many chronic diseases that can only be successfully treated and cured by careful adaptation of remedies to each individual case. This is especially true of the ever-varying and delicate diseases of the kidneys and bladder. It is not less so with reference to nervous debility, involuntary vital losses, with which so many young and middle-aged men are afflicted; and we may also include in this list epilepsy or fits, paralysis or palsy, obstinate gleety discharges, and many other chronic and delicate ailments of which our staff of physicians and surgeons cure annually many thousands of cases, butfor which we do not recommendany of our put-up, ready-made, or proprietary medicines.

Had our put-up or proprietary medicines, as sold by druggists the world over, been adapted to all classes and forms of chronic diseases,there would have been no necessity for our organizing a competent staff of physicians and surgeons to act as experts in the treatment of difficult, obscure, and complicated cases of chronic diseases. That we keep constantly employed, in our Buffalo and London institutions, eighteen medical gentlemen, with such helpers as chemists, clerks, etc., is indisputable proof that the medicines we offer for sale through druggists should not be classed with the humbug nostrums recommended to cure everything. They are the outgrowth of our vast and extended practice in the treatment of chronic diseases; are well-tried, world-famed, andhonest medicines. They are not unduly puffed and lauded, but simply recommended for such diseases as are easily recognized and which they areknown to cure.

Our physicians, in the treatment of cases consulting us, prescribe just such medicines as are adapted to each particular case.They are not confined in the leastto our list of a few put-up or proprietary medicines (valuable as they are when applicable to the case) but resort to the whole broad range of themateria medica, employed by the most advanced physicians of the age. They are not hampered by any school,ismor "pathy."

The medicines employed are all prepared in our own Laboratory by skilled chemists and pharmacists, and the greatest care is exercised to have them manufactured from the freshest and purest ingredients. Our Faculty probably employ a greater number and variety of native roots, barks, and herbs, in their practice then are used in any other invalids' resort in the land. Using vast quantities of these indigenous medicines, we can afford and do not neglect to have them gathered with great care, at the proper seasons of the year, so that their medicinal properties may be most reliable. Too little attention is generally paid to this matter, and many failures result from the prescribing of worthless medicines by physicians who have to depend for their supplies upon manufacturers who are careless or indifferent in obtaining the crude plants and roots from which to manufacture their medicines for the market. While depending largely upon solid and fluid extracts of native plants, roots, barks, and herbs, in prescribing for disease, yet we do not use them to the exclusion of other valuable curative drugs and chemicals. We aim to be unprejudiced and independent in our selection of remedies, adopting at all times a rational system of therapeutics. This liberal course of action has, in a vast experience, proved most successful.

WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION,663 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO, N.Y.

The following letter from an eminent lawyer of Tennessee, is noteworthy, inasmuch as it shows the estimation in which Dr. Pierce and the institutions which he has founded were held by the lamented Garfield, who was one of the Doctor's intimate friends and colleagues while he was serving as a member of Congress:

OFFICE OF H.F. COLEMAN,ATTORNEY AT LAW,SNEEDVILLE, TENN., Aug. 11, 1884

World's Dispensary Medical Association, 663 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y.

GENTLEMEN:—Your letter of the 31st ult. just received and contents noted. I am perfectly satisfied with the explanation, and ask pardon for the sharp letter written you some days since. The mails are very irregular, as you know, and we are too apt to be impatient and attribute our mishaps to the wrong cause. Your honesty, integrity and ability are not doubted in the least by me.

I have, perhaps, a higher endorsement of you than any other patient under your care, and for your gratification I will give it to you.

Some time since I was in conversation with Congressman Pettibone, of this State, when the following conversation took place: "You say," said the Major, "that you have visited Dr. Pierce's medical establishment in Buffalo, New York?" "Yes, sir, I did." "You found everything as represented?" "Yes, sir, as was represented, and which I assure you was quite encouraging to a man who had traveled as far as I had to visit an institution of that kind." "That man, Dr. Pierce," said the Major, "is one of the best men of the times. While at Washington, during my first term," he continued, "one day I was in President Garfield's room and a fine-looking, broad-foreheaded gentleman came in, and President Garfield arose and took him by the hand and said, 'Good morning, Doctor, I am so glad to see you,' and then turned and introduced him to me as Dr. Pierce, of Buffalo, New York. Knowing the Doctor by reputation, and having seen his pictures, I at once recognized him. He, in a short time, left the room, and Garfield said to me, 'Major, that is one of the best men in the world, and he is at the head of one of the best medical institutions in the world.'"

With this high endorsement, I have unbounded confidence in your integrity and ability.

Very truly yours,H.F. COLEMAN.

NOTICES OF THE PRESS.

The BuffaloEvening Newssays: "Each and every member of the medical and surgical staff of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute is a graduate in medicine and surgery from one or more legally chartered medical colleges, and several of the members have had many years of experience as army surgeons, and in hospital and general as well as in special practice. One is a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh; licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; licentiate of midwifery, Glasgow; member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, England; extraordinary member of the Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh, etc. Another is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia; another of the New York Medical College; another of the Buffalo Medical College, and of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; another of Cincinnati Medical College, and of the University of New York; another from Buffalo Medical College, and diplomas from all these institutions, as well as from many others equally noted, can be seen at the offices of this institution, if any one feels any interest in them."

One of the most extensive institutions in this country for the treatment of chronic ailments is the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute at Buffalo, under the control of the World's Dispensary Medical Association, of which Dr. R.V. PIERCE is President. The hotel itself is a wonderful affair, combining all the comforts and conveniences of a luxurious home with the most complete facilities for the successful treatment of all chronic diseases incident to humanity. Dr. PIERCE has a world-wide fame as a skillful practitioner, and his corps of assistants comprises many physicians and surgeons of great ability and large experience in the treatment of chronic and surgical diseases. Those who have been treated by the Association are loud in their praises, and we understand that the number of its patients increases with each succeeding year. The country is full of people who have been "doctoring" year after year without successful results, and the probabilities are that in a majority of such cases a few months spent at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute in the care of its medical experts, would result in material and permanent benefit.

In the enterprising city of Buffalo some eminent and capable professional people have established an "Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute," under the comprehensive direction and control of the "World's Dispensary Medical Association" at 663 Main Street, in that beautiful city. This Institute is organized with a full staff of eighteen physicians and surgeons, and the hotel is exclusively devoted to treatment of chronic diseases. This corps of doctors make a specialty of chronicmaladies, and the Institute is reputed to have abundant skill, facilities and apparatus for the successful treatment of every form of chronic ailment, whether requiring for its cure medical or surgical means.

The building occupied is a massive one of five stories.

Among the notable professional men of this country who have achieved extraordinary success is Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, N.Y. The prominence which he has attained has been reached through strictly legitimate means, and so far, therefore, he deserves the enviable reputation which he enjoys. This large measure of success is the result of a thorough and careful preparation for his calling, and extensive reading during a long and unusually large practice, which has enabled him to gain high commendation, even from his professional brethren. Devoting his attention to certain specialties of the science he has so carefully investigated, he has been rewarded in a remarkable degree. In these specialties he has become a recognized leader. Not a few of the remedies prescribed by him have, it is said, been adopted and prescribed by physicians in their private practice. His pamphlets and larger works have been received as useful contributions to medical knowledge. He has recently added another, and perhaps more important work, because of more general application, to the list of his published writings. This book, entitled "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser," is designed to enter into general circulation. For his labors in this direction, Dr. PIERCE has received acknowledgments and honors from many sources, and especially scientific degrees from two of the first medical institutions in the land. His works have been translated into the German, Spanish, French, and other foreign languages.

Dr. PIERCE has now been before the general public long enough to enable the formation of a careful estimate of the efficiency of his treatment and his medicines, and the verdict, we are glad to know, has been universally favorable to both.

Dr. PIERCE is a type of a class of men who obtain success by careful and well-directed effort, not attempting too much, nor creating false ideas as to ability. The only reliable physician, in these days of complicated disorders and high-pressure living, is the "Specialist," the man who understands his own branch of the business. Such, in his line, is Dr. Pierce. He has written a "Common Sense Medical Adviser," which is well worth reading. With strict business honor, high professional skill, reasonable fees, and a large corps of competent assistants Dr. Pierce has made his name as familiar as "household words."

Fromthe Rocky Mountain Herald.

Dr. R.V. PIERCE, the greatest American specialist, and proprietor of the World's Dispensary, Buffalo, N.Y., has sent us his new book entitled "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser," which is a handsome, large volume, elegantly got up, with hundreds of wood-cutsand colored plates, and a complete cyclopedia of medical teachings for old and young of both sexes.It has every thing in it,according to the latest scientific discoveries, and withal is wonderfullycommomensicalin its style and teachings.

From the Lafayette Daily Courier.

Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, distinguished in surgery, and the general practice of the profession he honors, has made a valuable contribution to the medical literature of the day, in a comprehensive work entitled "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser." While scientific throughout, it is singularly free from technical and stilted terms. It comes right down to the common-sense of every-day life, and, to quote from the author himself, seeks to "inculcate the facts of science rather than the theories of philosophy." This entertaining and really instructive work seems to be in harmony with the enlarged sphere of thought, as touching the open polar sea of evolution. He considers man in every phase of his existence, from the rayless atom to the grand upbuilding of the noblest work of God. Dr. PIERCE is a noble specimen of American manhood. He has sprung from the people, and with many sympathies in common with the masses, has sought to render them a substantial service in this the great work of his life.

"A wise physician, skill'd our wounds to heal,Is more than armies to the public weal."

To be honored in his own land is the crowning blessing of the man who has been "the architect of his own fortune"—the man who has made for himself, with his own hands and brain, a princely fortune and an enduring fame. From COMLEY'S History of New York State, containing biographical sketches of the men who "have given wealth, stamina, and character" to the Empire State, we clip the following brief sketch of the distinguished physician, Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo: "Every nation owes its peculiar character, its prosperity—in brief, every thing that distinguishes it as an individual nation,—to the few men belonging to it who have the courage to step beyond the boundaries prescribed by partisanship, professional tradition, or social customs. In professional no less than in political life there occasionally arise men who burst the fetters of conventionalism, indignantly rejecting the arbitrary limits imposed upon their activity, and step boldly forward into new fields of enterprise. We call these menself-made.The nation claims them as her proudest ornaments—the men upon whom she can rely, in peace for her glory, in war for her succor. Of this class of men the medical profession has furnished a distinguished example in the successful and justly-celebrated physician, Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, N.Y., and any history treating of the industries of the Empire State would be incomplete without a sketch of his useful and earnest work. * * * Specially educated for the profession which he so eminently adorns, he early supplemented his studies by extensive and original research in its several departments. He brought to his chosen work acute perceptive and reflective powers, and that indomitable energy that neither shrinks at obstacles nor yields to circumstances. In physique, Dr. PIERCE is an ideal type of American manhood. Of medium stature, robust, his appearance is characterized by a healthful, vigorous vitality, while the full, lofty brow and handsomely cutfeatures are indicative of that comprehensive mental power and remarkable business sagacity which have combined to place him among the distinguished men of the age. * * * As an earnest worker for the welfare of his fellow-men, Dr. PIERCE has won their warmest sympathy and esteem. While seeking to be their servant only, he has become a prince among them. Yet the immense fortune lavished upon him by a generous people he hoards not, but invests in the erection and establishment of institutions directly contributive to the public good, the people thus realizing, in their liberal patronage, a new meaning of the beautiful Oriental custom of casting bread upon the waters. Noted in both public and private life for his unswerving integrity and all those sterling virtues that ennoble manhood, Dr. PIERCE ranks high among those few men whose names the Empire State is justly proud to inscribe upon her roll of honor." Dr. PIERCE has lately erected a palatial Invalids' Hotel for the reception of his patients, at a cost of over half a million dollars.

Speaking of Dr. R.V. PIERCE, theBuffalo(N.Y.)Commercialsays: "He came here an unknown man, almost friendless, with no capital except his own manhood, which, however, included plenty of brains and pluck, indomitable perseverance, and inborn uprightness, capital enough for any man in this progressive country, if only he has good health and habits as well. He had all these great natural advantages, and one thing more, an excellent education. He had studied medicine and been regularly licensed to practice as a physician. But he was still a student, fond of investigation and experiment. He discovered, or invented, important remedial agencies or compounds. Not choosing to wait wearily for the sick and suffering to find out (without any body to tell them) that he could do them good, he advertised his medicines and invited the whole profession of every school, to examine and pronounce judgment on his formulas. He advertised liberally, profusely, but with extraordinary shrewdness, and with a method which is in itself a lesson to all who seek business by that perfectly legitimate means. His success has been something marvelous—so great, indeed, that it must be due to intrinsic merit in the articles he sells, more even than to his unparalleled skill in the use of printer's ink. The present writer once asked a distinguished dispensing druggist to explain the secret of the almost universal demand for Dr. PIERCE'S medicines. He said they were in fact genuine medicines—such compounds as every good physician would prescribe for the diseases which they were advertised to cure. Of course, they cost less than any druggist would charge for the same article, supplied on a physician's prescription, and, besides, there was the doctor's fee saved. Moreover, buying the drugs in such enormous quantities, having perfect apparatus for purifying and compounding the mixture, he could not only get better articles in the first place, but present the medicine in better form and cheaper than the same mixture could possibly be obtained from any other source.

At the age of eighteen, he (Dr. PIERCE) entered a medical school, and proved a devoted student, graduating at twenty-three with the highest honors. A simple knowledge of the routine of practice as then in vogue, was not enough. He sought new means of healing, and explored "schools" of practice that were prohibited by his sect. He denouncederrors in the prevailing "schools" and accepted truths belonging to those prohibited. Every one knows how such daring and destructive innovations are regarded by the medical profession generally. Dr. PIERCE was no exception to the rule. But he paid no attention to detraction, pursuing his own way with that energy which proves now to be a most excellent ally of his medical instincts.

The World's Dispensary is to-day the greatest institution of its kind in the world. More than two hundred persons are employed, eighteen being skillful physicians and surgeons, each devoting himself to a special branch of the profession, all acting together when required, as a council. The printing department of the Dispensary is larger than the similar department of any paper outside of theNew York Herald.

The author of "The People's Medical Adviser" is well-known to the American public as a physician of fine attainments, and his Family Medicines are favorite remedies in thousands of our households. As a counselor and friend, Dr. PIERCE is a cultured, courteous gentleman. He has devoted all his energies to the alleviation of human suffering. With this end in view and his whole heart in his labors, he has achieved marked and merited success. There can be no real success without true merit. That his success isreal, is evidenced by the fact that his reputation, as a man and physician, does not deteriorate; and the fact that there is a steadily increasing demand for his medicines, proves that they are not nostrums, but reliable remedies for disease. The various departments of the World's Dispensary in which his Family Medicines are compounded and his special prescriptions prepared, are provided with all modern facilities.

"The American mind is active. It has given us books of fiction for the sentimentalist, learned books for the scholar and professional student, butfew books for the people. A bookfor the peoplemust relate to a subject of universal interest. Such a subject is the physical man, and such a book 'The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser,' a copy of which has been recently laid on our table. The high professional attainments of its author,—Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, N.Y.,—and the advantages derived by him from an extensive practice, should alone insure for his work a cordial reception." Price $1.50, post-paid. Address, WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.

What can be accomplished by judicious enterprise, when backed up by ability and professional skill, is shown by the magnificent buildings of the World's Dispensary and the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, at Buffalo. While models of architectural beauty and completeness, their real worth and usefulness consist rather in the humanitarian objects they are made to serve. They stand superior to all institutions of their kind, not only in material proportions but as well in the medical knowledge and practical experience of those connected with them. In each department are those and those only who by natural bent and training are specially adapted to combating their particular class of "the ills which flesh is heir to."

Abdomen. The part of the body between the diaphragm and pelvis, containing the stomach, intestines, etc. The belly.

Abdominal. Belonging to the Abdomen.

Abortion. Expulsion of the foetus before the seventh month of pregnancy.

Absorption. The function of taking up substances from within or without the body.

Acetabulum. The bone socket which receives the head of the thigh bone.

Acne. Pimples upon the face, more common at the age of puberty.

Adipose Tissue. A thin membrane composed of cells which contain fat.

Adventitious. Acquired.

Albumen in urinein chemical composition resembles the white of an egg, and is detected by the application of heat, nitric acid, etc.

Albuminoid. Of the nature of albumen.

Albuminuria. A condition or disease in which the urine contains albumen. (See above.)

Alimentary Canal. The canal extending from the mouth to the anus, through which the food passes.

Allopathy. Allopathic school. Defined onpage 293.

Alterative. A medicine which gradually changes the constitution, restoring healthy functions.

Alveolar process. The bony structure which contains the sockets of the teeth.

Amaurosis. Loss or decay of sight from disease of the optic nerve.

Amenorrhea. Suppression of the menses.

Amnion. A membrane enveloping the foetus and the liquid.

Amputation. The operation of cutting off a limb.

Amyloid degeneration. Alteration in the texture of organs, which resembles wax or lard.

Amyloids. Foods composed of carbon and hydrogen; as sugar, starch, etc.

Anæmia. Privation of blood. Lack of red corpuscles in the blood.

Anasarca. Dropsy attended with bloating all over the body.

Anatomy. The science of the structure of the body.

Anesthetic. An agent that prevents feeling in surgical operations, and in some diseases of a painful nature.

Angina (pectoris). Violent pain about the heart, attended with anxiety and difficult breathing.

Animalcula, Animalcule. An animal so small as to be invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye.

Anodynes. Medicines which relieve pain.

Anteversion. The womb falling forward upon the bladder. Illus. p. 716.

Anthelmintics. Medicines which destroy or expel worms from the stomach and intestines.

Antidote. A remedy to counteract the effect of poison.

Antifebrile. A remedy which abates fever.

Antiperiodic. A remedy which prevents the regular appearance of similar symptoms in the course of a disease.

Antiseptic. Medicines which prevent putrefaction.

Antispasmodics. Medicines which relieve spasm.

Anus. The circular opening at the end of the bowel, through which the excrement leaves the body.

Aorta. The great artery of the body arising from the heart. Illus.page 58.

Aperient. A medicine which moves the bowels gently.

Aphthæ. Sore mouth, beginning in pimples and ending in white ulcers.

Aphthous. Complicated with aphthæ.

Apnoea. Short, hurried breathing.

Apoplexy. The effects of a sudden rush of blood to an organ; as the brain, lungs, etc. Brain pressure, from rupture of a blood-vessel.

Aqueous humor. The clear fluid contained in the front chambers of the eye.

Arachnoid. A thin, spider-web like membrane covering the brain.

Areolar Tissue. The network of delicate fibres spread over the body, binding the various organs and parts together.

Artery. A vessel carrying blood from the heart to the various parts of the body; usually red in color.

Articular. Relating to the joints.

Articulated. Jointed.

Articulations. The union of one bone with another. A Joint.

Ascites. Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Asphyxia. A condition of apparent death owing to the supply of air being cut off; as in drowning, inhalation of gases, sun-stroke, etc.

Aspirator. An instrument for the evacuation of fluids from the cavities of the body, as water in abdominal dropsy, the contents of tumors, etc.

Assimilation. Appropriating and transforming into its own substance, matters foreign to the body.

Astringents. Medicines which contract the flesh.

Atonic, Atony. Wanting tone.

Atrophied. Wasted; lessened in bulk.

Atrophy. Wasting away; diminution in size.

Auditory nerves. The nerves connecting the brain with the ears and employed in exercising the sense of hearing.

Auscultation. Diagnosing diseases by listening, either with or without instruments.

Balanitis. Gonorrhea of the mucous surface of the head of the penis.

Benign. Harmless; a term applied to tumors.

Beverage. A liquor for drinking.

Bile. A yellow bitter fluid secreted by the liver. Defined onpage 80.

Bilious. Disordered in respect to bile. Relating to bile.

Bilious temperament, Volitive temperament. Seepage 173.

Biology. The science of life.

Bistoury. A small cutting knife.

Bladder (urinary). The organ, situated behind the pubic bone, which holds the urine until its expulsion. Illus. pages206and207.

Blebs. Eminences of the skin containing a watery fluid.

Bloody-flux. A disease characterized by frequent, scanty, andbloodystools.

Boil. An inflamed tumor which comes to a head and discharges matter and a core. Seepage 443.

Bolus. A large pill.

Bougie. A long, flexible instrument used for dilating contracted canals and passages.

Breach. Some form of hernia of the abdomen. Seepage 862.

Broad ligaments of the uterus. Folds of the peritoneum which support the womb and contain the Fallopian tubes and ovaries. Illus. p. 206.

Bronchea. Tubes formed by the division of the windpipe. Illus.page 64.

Bronchocele. Thick neck, goitre.

Bubo. An inflammatory tumor in the groin.

Bulla. A bleb or large pimple containing transparent fluid.

Cachexia. A depraved condition of the system; as from poor food, syphilis, etc.

Calcareous. Containing lime.

Calcification. The process of forming of, or converting into, chalk.

Calculus, calculi. Stones or similar concretions formed by the deposit of solid matter; of lime, soda, uric acid, urates, oxalates, etc.

Calisthenics. Healthful exercise of the body and limbs, for purposes of strength and agility.

Cancellated structure. Cells communicating with each other forming a structure resembling "lattice-work."

Canker. Ulcers in the mouth.

Capillaries. Very small blood-vessels. Defined onpage 60.

Carbonic Acid. A heavy, poisonous gas. Choke damp.

Cardiac. Pertaining to the heart. Near or towards the heart.

Carminatives. Medicines which allay pain in the stomach and intestines by expelling the gas.

Carotids. The great arteries at the sides of the neck.

Cartilage. A solid part of the body found in the joints, ends of the ribs, etc. It is softer than bone but harder than ligament.

Cartilaginous tissue. Parts of the body of the nature of cartilage.

Carunculæ. Fleshy growths.

Casein. The part of milk which contains nitrogen. Cheese curd.

Catalytics. Medicines which destroy morbid agencies in the blood. Alteratives.

Catamenia. Monthly flow of the female.

Cataract. Opacity of the lens of the eye, or its covering, or both.

Cathartics. Medicines which cause evacuation of the bowels.

Catheter. A hollow tube introduced into the bladder through the urethra for the purpose of drawing off the urine.

Caustics. Substances which destroy animal tissue.

Cauterization. Burning or searing by a hot iron, or caustic medicines.

Cauterize. To burn or sear by a hot iron, or by medicines which destroy.

Cell. A little vessel having a membranous wall and containing fluid. The whole body may be considered as formed of different kinds of cells.

Cellular structure. SeeCancellated structure.

Cerebellum. Little brain. Base brain. Illus.page 100.

Cerebrum. The upper or large brain. Illus.page 100.

Cervix. Neck; neck of the womb. Illus.page 206.

Chalybeate. Mineral waters which contain iron.

Chancre. A virulent, syphilitic ulcer. Figs. 27 and 28, Plate V., Pamphlet X.

Chancroid. Resembling infectious chancre. Soft chancre.

Chlorosis. Green sickness. A disease of young women attended with a greenish hue of the skin, debility, etc.

Cholagogues. Cathartics which stimulate the liver.

Chordæ tendineæ. Cord-like substances about the valves of the heart. Seepage 57.

Cordee.

Choroid. The dark colored lining membrane of the eye.

Chyle. Food digested and ready for absorption. See pages45and49.

Chylous products. SeeChyle.

Chyme. Food after being subjected to the action of the gastric fluids.

Cicatrix. The scar or place where parts which have been cut or divided, are united.

Cilia. Small hairs.

Circumcision. An operation for removing superfluous foreskin.

Circumvallate. Arranged in oblique lines, as the prominences on the back of the tongue.

Clap. Gonorrhea. A venereal disease of the urethra.

Clavicle. SeeCollar-bone.

Clinical medicine.Investigation of disease at the bedside.

Coagulate. To thicken or harden, as heat hardens the white of an egg.

Coition. Sexual intercourse. The act of generation.

Collar-bone (Clavicle).A bone at the front and top of chest, attached by one end to the breast-bone and by the other to the shoulder-blade.

Colon. Part of the large intestines. Illus.page 40.

Coma. A condition of profound sleep from which it is difficult to arouse the patient.

Comedones. Pimples on the face. Seepage 412, and Fig. 8. Plate II.

Compress. A soft cloth folded to several thicknesses, so that with a bandage pressure can be applied, or by wetting in hot water, a part can be subjected to the influences of heat and moisture.

Conception. Impregnation of the ovum; the beginning of a new being.

Congenital. Applied to a disease born with one; from birth.

Congestion. An abnormal amount of blood in a part or organ.

Conjunctiva. The membrane which covers the external surface of the eyeball.

Conjunctivitis. Inflammation of the eye.

Contagion. The transmission of disease from one to another by contact, as hydrophobia, syphilis; or otherwise, as measles, scarlet fever, etc.

Contagious. Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.

Continence. Abstinence from sexual intercourse or excitement.

Convalescence. The recovery of health after sickness.

Convoluted. Curved or rolled together.

Copulation. Sexual intercourse.

Corlum. A layer of the akin.

Cornea. A transparent covering of the front of the eye.

Corpuscles of the blood.Defined and illustrated onpage 53.

Counter-irritants.Defined onpage 331.

Cowper's glands of the male.Glands situated in front of the prostate gland. Illus.page 207.

Coxalgia. Hip-joint disease. Seepage 451.

Cranium. The skull. The bones of the head.

Crayons. Sticks or cylinders made of Cocoa butter and medicated.

Cross-eye.One or both eyes drawn towards the nose. Squint.

Crustaceous. Belonging to the class of animals covered by a crust-like shell.

Cutaneous. Belonging to, or affecting, the skin.

Cuticle. The outer layer of the skin, consisting of small bony scales.

Cystitis. Inflammation of the bladder. In chronic form, Catarrh of the bladder.

Debris. Broken-down tissue. Waste material.

Decoction. Defined onpage 303.

Defecation. Voiding excrement from the body.

Degeneration, fatty.The deposit of particles of fat instead of the proper muscular tissue.

Deglutition. Swallowing. Conveying food to the stomach.

Dejection of mind.Despondency. Low spirits.

Dejections. The matter voided from the bowels.

Deleterious. Destructive. Poisonous.

Dentition. Cutting of the teeth in infancy.

Deodorizer. A substance that destroys a bad smell.

Depletion. To empty the blood-vessels by lancing a vein or by medicines.

Depravation. Corruption.

Depurating. Cleansing.

Dermatologist. One who makes diseases of the skin a specialty.

Desiccate. To dry up.

Desquamation. Scaling off of the skin, after fevers.

Desquamative nephritis,Bright's Disease, in which epithelial cells escape with the urine.

Diabetes. Defined onpage 835.

Diagnosis. The determination of a disease by its symptoms or characteristics.

Diagnostic.The symptoms by which a disease is distinguished from others.

Diaphoretic. Medicines which increase perspiration.

Diaphragm. Defined onpage 32.

Diathesis. Peculiarity of constitution. Predisposition to certain diseases.

Digestion. The function by which food passing along the alimentary canal is prepared for nutrition.

Dilatation.Increasing in size by Instruments or other agencies.

Diluents.Fluids which thin the blood or hold medicines in solution.

Director.An instrument having a groove which directs the knife and protects underlying parts from injury.

Disinfectants.Substances which arrest putrefaction.

Dislocation.The act of or state of, being forced from its proper situation.

Distilled.Separated by heat from other substances and collected by condensation.

Diuretics.Medicines which increase the flow of urine.

Douche.Dashes of water. An instrument for washing the nasal membrane.

Drastics.Medicines which move the bowels harshly or frequently.

Dropsy.The accumulation of fluid In the cavities or cellular tissue of the body.

Duodenum.The first portion of the intestines. Illus.page 44.

Dura mater.A thick, fibrous membrane lining the skull.

Dyscrasia.A bad condition of body.

Dysentery.A disease characterized by frequent, scanty andbloodystools.

Dysmenorrhea.Difficult or painful menstruation.

Dyspnoea.Difficult breathing.

Ear, Internal.Defined onpage 110. Illus.page 109.

Earthy phosphates.The white deposit in urine, composed of phosphoric acid and a base.

Ecchymosis.Black or yellow spots produced by effused blood. Black eye Is an example.

Eclectic School.Seepage 294.

Ecraseur.An instrument which amputates by a loop of wire.

Eczematous.Of the nature of Eczema. Seepage 430.

Edema (Œdema).Puffiness of the skin from the accumulation of fluid. General dropsy.

Effluvia.Unpleasant odors or exhalations.

Effusion.The pouring out of blood or other fluid.

Electrolysis.Decomposing or modifying by the application of electricity.

Eliminated.Discharged, expelled.

Emaciation.Leanness in flesh.

Embryo.The young of an animal at the beginning of its development in the womb.

Emetics.Medicines which empty the stomach upwards.

Emmenagogues.Medicines which favor or cause menstruation.

Empiricism.Practicing medicine upon results of experience, generally by a person without a medical education.

Encephalic Temperament.Defined onpage 177.

Endocarditis.Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart.

Endocardium.The lining membrane of the heart

Endometrltls.Disease of the lining membrane of the womb.

Enteric.Intestinal.

Enteritis.Inflammation of the mucous lining of the small intestines.

Epidemics.Diseases which attack a number of persons at the name time: as yellow fever, small-pox, etc.

Epiglottis.A cap over the windpipe, allowing the admission of air, but preventing the introduction of foreign bodies.

Epithelial cells.Cells belonging to the epithelium.

Epithelium.The thin covering upon the lips, nipple, mucous and serous membranes and lining the ducts, blood-vessels and other canals.

Esophagus (OEsophagus).The food-pipe. Illus.page 44.

Eustachlan Tube.The tube leading from the throat to the inner ear. Illus,page 109.

Evacuaut.Cathartic.

Evolution.Defined onpage 14.

Excoriates.Removes the skin in part.

Excoriation.A wound which removes some of the skin.

Excrementitious.Pertaining to the matter evacuated from the body.

Excrescences.Surface tumors; as warts, piles, polypi, etc.

Excretion.The process by which waste materials are removed from the blood, performed particularly by the lungs, skin and kidneys.

Excretory ducts.Minute vessels which transmit fluid from glands.

Exhalations.That which is thrown off by the body, as vapor, gases, etc.

Expectorants.Medicines which promote discharges from the lungs.

Expiration.Expelling the breath.

Extraneous matter.Any substance which finds a place in the body and does not belong there. Foreign substances.

Extra-uterine.Outside of the womb, but in its vicinity.

Extravasated.Escaped into surrounding tissues.

Extremities.Legs or arms.

Exudation.Substances discharged through the pores.

Exude.To sweat; to pass through a membrane.

Fallopian Tube.The canal through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the womb.

Faradization.The application of electricity by inductive currents.

Fascia.The white fibrous expansion of a muscle which binds parts together.

Fatty degeneration.The deposit of particles of fat instead of proper muscular tissue.

Febrifuge.A medicine which abates or cures fevers.

Febrile.Relating to fever.

Fecundation. The ovum uniting with the male germ. Impregnation.

Femoral Hernia. Thigh hernia. Illus.page 863.

Fermented. Changed by a process of decomposition.

Ferruginous. Containing iron.

Fetid. Having an offensive smell. Stinking.

Fetor. Offensive smell. Stench.

Fibrous. Composed of fibres.

Fibrous Tissue. The texture which unites every part of the body.

Filaments. Fibre; the basis of texture.

Fimbriated. Finger-like.

First intention, Healing by. Healing without suppuration or the formation of pus.

Fissure. A crack.

Fistula: Fistulæ.Small canals or tubes which carry pus or other liquids through the flesh.

Fistula, Urinary. The abnormal communication between the urinary passages and the external surface.

Fistulous openings. The outer end of canals or tubes which carry pus to the surface.

Flatulency. Wind gathered in the stomach or bowels.

Flexion of the Womb. A partial misplacement in which the womb is bent upon itself.

Flexures. Bending. Motion of a joint.

Flocculent. Combining or adhering in flocks or flakes.

Fluid Extracts. The active principles of medicines in fluid form.

Foetus. The unborn child.

Follicles (of hair). Small depressions in the skin.

Follicular. Relating to or affecting follicles.

Fomentations. Local application of cloths wrung out of hot water.

Forceps. An instrument having a motion and use like the thumb and fore-finger. Pincers. Obstetrical forceps embrace the head of the foetus.

Foreskin. That part of the skin of the penis which is prolonged over the head of the organ.

Formication. A sensation like a number of ants creeping on a part.

Fracture. Broken bone.In compound fracturethe end of the bone projects through the skin.

Function. The peculiar action of an organ, or part of the body.

Functional. Pertaining to the specific action of an organ or part.

Fundus. The bottom or base of an organ. The fundus of the womb is its upper part, when in its natural position.

Fungiform. Mushroom-shaped.

Galvanism.Electricity.

Galvano-cautery. Burning or scarring by galvanic electricity.

Ganglion. A nerve center which forms and distributes nerve-power.

Gangrene. Death of a part.

Gastric. Pertaining to the stomach.

Gastric Juice. The digestive fluid supplied by the mucous membrane of the stomach.

Gelatinous. Jelly-like.

Generation. The functions which are active in reproduction.

Genitals. The sexual organs.

Gestation. Carrying the embryo in the uterus.

Glans. Head of the penis.

Gonorrhea. A discharge of mucous from inflammation of the urethra or vagina, caused by impure connection. Clap.

Granular casts. Moulds of epithelium found by the microscope in chronic Bright's Disease.

Granular lids. Roughness on the inner surface of the eyelids.

Granulations Heal by. SeeGranulations.

Granulations. Flesh-like shoots, which appear in a wound and form its scar.

Granules. Small grains.

Gravel. Substances precipitated in the urine resembling sand.

Groin. The oblique depression between the belly and thigh.

Grubs. Pimples on the face. Seepage 442.

Gynecologist. One who makes the Diseases of Women a specialty.

Hair bulbs. The expansion or root of the hair.

Hallucinations. Perception or sensation of objects which do not exist; as in Tremens.

Hectic. Constitutional; as hectic fever, in which all parts of the body become emaciated.

Hemiplegia. Paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

Hemorrhoidal veins.The veins about the rectum which enlarge and form piles.

Hepatic. Relating or belonging to the liver.

Hereditary. A disease transmitted from parent to child.

Hernia. Defined onpage 862.

Hollow of the Sacrum. The concave portion of the lower part of the spinal column within the pelvis.

Homeopathy. Defined onpage 294.

Hyaline casts. Glassy appearing substances found by the microscope in urine in chronic Bright's Disease.

Hydragogues. Cathartics which produce copious watery discharges.

Hydrocele. Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.

Hydrocephalus. Accumulation of fluid in the membranes about the brain.

Hydrothorax. Accumulation of fluid in the chest cavities.

Hygiene. The principles or rules for the promotion or preservation of health.

Hymen. Described onpage 687.Hypersemia. Full of blood. Congestion.

Hypertrophy. Enlargement, thickening.

Hypochondriac. A person, usually dyspeptic, who is unreasonably gloomy, particularly about his health.

Hypodermic Syringe. An instrument having a very fine tube and needle-like point, by which medicines are lodged immediately under the skin.

Hysterotome. An instrument described and illustrated onpage 696.

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