AAcceleration, quick,78— under load,92Accessibility,39,50Accumulator,61Adapter,92Adjustable tappet head,29,30Adjusting screws,19Advanced ignition,55,56,59Aeroplane engine cylinder,10,16Air,1,41,42,46,87,89,114— carburetted,42,97— lock,72— pump,50— — hand,50— scavenging,16,35,84,85,87,88,89— to petrol ratio,42— valve, automatic extra,43,49— velocity,46,70— volume of, relative to petrol vapour,42,108— weight of, relative to petrol vapour,42Alcohol, properties of,109Anti-freezing solution,72Armature of magneto,52,54— relative speeds of engine and magneto,54,55Atmospheric pressure,3,90Atomization of petrol,48,49Automatic extra-air valve,43,49— inlet valve,82,84,88BBackfire,62,84Balance, perfect,76— want of,75,76— weight,25Balancing the crankshaft,25,26,76Barrel of cylinder,12Base, oil,8,40,65Battery,116Bearings, main,24,64Benzol, properties of,45,108Blade, trembler,57Boiling of water in jackets,72Boxes, core,11Brake, for petrol engine,100Brake horse-power,99British thermal unit,111Brush, carbon,53,55,116Built-up cylinder,16— flywheel,27Buoyancy,45Burning, rate of, of mixture,1,57— of deflector,91Bursting of flywheel rim,27Bush, phosphor bronze,23CCables, high tension,61Calorific values,111Cam,30,33Camshafts,29,33,40Cams, stationary, for magneto,53Capacity of cylinder,106Caps, valve,13,31Carbon brush,53,55,116— deposit,63,78Carburation,42,94Carburetted air,42,97Carburettor,5,8,42,82— jet type,42— multiple jet,47,94— points of a good,49— recent improvements in,47— spray type,42— surface type,42— wick type,42Castings, cylinder,11Cast-in-pairs, cylinders,16Centrifugal force,27Chaindrive, silent,38Charge,3,80Charging pump,80Chassis,40,71Choke tube,46,47Chrome steel,20,36Circulating water pump,8,71Circulation, forced,71— local,73— pump,71— thermo-syphon,69Clearance between piston andcylinder walls,17— of valve tappet,29— space,4,105,107Coil ignition,57,59,61— — system, wiring diagram for,61— non-trembler,59— supplementary, for starting,58— trembler pattern,57,61Collector ring,55Combustion,78— chamber,4,96Compensating jet,48Compression, meaning of,3— pressure,82,83,105— stroke,6,80Cone clutch,27Connecting rod,4,21,96— — forces acting on,20— — phosphor bronze,20,22— — steel,23Consumption of fuel,79— of oil,67Contact breaker, low tension,53— — wipe form of,58— screws, platinum tipped,53,57Cooling,69Core-boxes,11Core, iron, of ignition coil,57Cost of production,22,64,79Cotter,29Crank chamber,8,39— — gas-tight,81,82,96— cheeks or webs,24— motor-cycle,23— pin,24— radius,4— shaft,23,28,77,89Crank shaft, balancing the,25,76— — vibration of,76— — whipping of,76Cushion of hot gas,93,96Cut-out,90Cycle, four-stroke,5— motor,10,11— Otto,5— two-stroke,80Cylinder,5,9— aeroplane engine,15,16— air-cooled,11,15— barrel,12— built-up,16— castings,11— head, detachable,32,78— jackets,12,15,69— L-headed,16— pump,87,88,107— revolving,10— T-headed,15— water-cooled,8,32,82,96— working,81,87,107Cylinders, casten bloc,16,77— cast in pairs,16— cast separately,16— choosing the number of,75— firing order of,60DDead centre,4,116— gases,83Defective coil,114,116— ignition system,114— magneto,114,116— sparking plug,113,114— valve,113,114,116Deflector,81,87,93,96— overheating of,84,91Density,45,111Deposit of carbon,63,78Description of a typical petrol engine,8Detachable cylinder head,32,78Devices, ignition,51Diagram, indicator,92,102— for four-stroke engine,105— for two-stroke engine,106— for valve setting,116— work,103Difficulties in starting,72,75,92,96,113Discharge, spark,51,54,58Distributor, high tension,52,53,58Double sleeve engine,32,78Down stroke,4,81,82Drawings, working,11,93Drip feed,64,90,92Drive, silent chain,38Dual ignition,58— springs,90Ducts for oil,41Duplex piston,86Durability,49,79EEarthing wire,60Eccentric,33,36— rod,33,36— sheaves,33,36— straps,33,36Economy and durability,79Efficiency, thermal,110,111— volumetric,83,86,88Electric spark,51,54,58Electrodes of sparking plug,51,91,92Engine, four cylinder,9,76,77,94— internal combustion,111— motor car,9— multi-cylinder,77— points of a good,75— single cylinder,75— six cylinder,76,77— troubles,113— two cylinder,76— two-stroke,80,95Evaporation,1Exhaust pipe,6— ports,81,88— — open,81,88,96— smoky,66— stroke,7,35— system, overheating of the,57— valves,5,10,37,81— valves, timing of the,35,37,78,116Explosion stroke,7,21,26,35Explosive mixtures,1,108,109,110Extra-air valve,43,49,94FFan,70— pulley,8,70Feed, drip,64,90,92Fibre, tappet head,30— wheel,38Film of oil,65Filter, petrol,43Fins, heat radiating,70Firing order of the cylinders,60— stroke,60Fixed ignition,57Flanges,12,13Flash point of lubricating oils,63,67,68Flashing back from exhaust,84,92,93,95Flexibility,77,83,92Float chamber,43,44,94Flooding,45,94Fluctuation of engine speed,27Flywheel,8,26— built-up,27— function of,26— rim, bursting of,27— single stamping of steel,28Force,98— centrifugal,27Forced circulation,71— lubrication,65,90Forces, inertia,75— space diagram,103Four cylinder engine,9,76,77,94— stroke cycle,5Frequency of vibrations,76Fuel, consumption of,79Fuels, liquid,108Furring of tubes and jacket spaces,73GGap of sparking plug,51,54Gas, compressing the,3— pump,80— tight crankchamber,81,82,96Gearing, overhead,16Gears, helical,38—spur,37,38General overheating,72,73—principles,1Gilled tube,70,74Gills,70Gravity feed,50Grease in cylinder jackets,72Grinding in a valve,31Gudgeon pin,17,18— — wear on,19,90Guides, valve stem,8,12,13,30HHand air pump,50Handle, starting,71Head, adjustable tappet,30— of water,69,71Heat efficiency,112— energy of the petrol mixture,9,17,111— radiating fins,11,70— surplus,9,17Helical teeth,38High tension cables,61— — distributor,52,54,58— — magneto,8,51,52,54,89— — terminals,51,57Holes, cotter,29— oil,63Honeycomb radiator,70,74Horse-power,98— brake,99— indicated,101— Joint Committee’s formula,101— of car,99— Treasury formula,101Hot-water jacket,43,47,94Hydrogen,108,109IIdle stroke,26,82Ignition, advanced,55,56,59— coil,57,59,61— devices,51— dual,58— fixed,57— knock,57,84— normal,55— retarded,55,59,62— synchronized,59,61— timing the,60,62,116— two-point,59Improved system of splash lubrication,64Improvements in carburettors, recent,47Indicated horse-power,101Indicator diagram,92,102— — for four-stroke engine,105— — for two-stroke engine,106Indicator, optical,92Induction pipe,5,8,43,82Inertia forces,75Inflammable vapour,63Injection of water to cylinder,92Inlet ports,81,88— valve, air, automatic,43,49,88— — automatic, for gaseous mixture,82,88— — mechanically operated,5,30,31— — timing the,34,37,78,116— water pipe,8,70,73Inspection openings,39Insulators,51Internal water cooling,92JJacket, cylinder,12,15,69— hot water,43,47,94— space, too large,73— water, overheating of,72— — temperature of,74— — weight of,74,89Jet, atomizing,48— compensating,48— petrol,44,46Jet-in-tube carburettor,42Jigs,24Jockey pulley,38Joints, water-tight,11,15Journals,24KKean’s two-stroke engine,85,94Knock ignition,57,73,84Knocking, acceleration,92,93,95— intermittent,84,92,93— spasmodic,84,91LL-headed cylinders,16Lag in opening and closing valves,34— time,56Lead of valve,35Leakage of gas past the piston,18,114Leaky pistons,114Liquid fuels,108— petrol,108Local circulation,73— overheating,72Lock, air,72Lock nuts,29Low tension contact breaker,52— — terminal,57,58— torque,75Lubrication, forced,65,90— improved system of splash,64— splash system of,63MMagneto armature, relative speeds of,54,55,94— for four cylinder engine,52,54,60— for six cylinder engine,54— high tension,8,39,40— ignition system, wiring diagram for,60— racing pattern,94— two-stroke engine,94Make and break,53,58,62Manograph,104Materials, packing,15Mean effective pressure,89,107Mechanically operated valve,30,84Metal segments of distributor,55Mild steel,23Mileage per gallon,110Misfiring,84,116Mixing chamber,43,47Mixture, explosive,1,108,109,110— heat energy of the,9,17,111— strength of the1,42,108,109,110— too weak a,46— weakening the,49,73Momentum,35,36Monobloc casting,77Motor car engine,9— cycle,10,11— — crank,23Moulds,11Multiple jet carburettor,47,94Mushroom type valves,5,8,30NNatural circulation,69Needle valve,44Nickel steel,20,36Noise from valves,30,39Non-trembler coil,59Normal ignition,55OOil base,8,40,65— consumption of,67— ducts,41— film,65— holes,63— pressure,65,67— price of,67— properties of,63— pump,8,39,40,65,67— — speed of,67— troughs,65Open exhaust port,81,88,96Optical indicator,92Orifice,45,73Oscillations, torsional, of the crankshaft,77Otto cycle,5Outlet water pipe,8,70,71,73Overflow pipe,72Overhead gearing,16Overheating of deflector,84,91— of the exhaust system,57— general,72,73— local,72Overloading the engine,55,89PPacking materials,15— rings,17,18,81,87,97Paraffin, properties of,109Partial seizure,19,33,63,64,90— vacuum,6,46,82,90Passages, valve,10Patterns,11Perfect balance,76,77— combustion,78Periodicity,76,77Petrol, consumption of,79— engine, description of a typical,8— filter,43— jet,44,46— mixture, heat energy of,9,17,111— pipe,43— properties of,108— supply, failure of,113— tank,43— tap,43— vapour,1,42,43,80— — ratio of air to,42Phosphor bronze bush,23— — connecting rod,22Pinking,79Pipe, exhaust,6,8— induction,5,8,43,82— inlet water,8,70,71,73— outlet water,8,70,71,73— overflow,72— transfer,86,87— vent,39Piston,4,17,32,82,96— duplex,86— leaky,73,114— ring, cast-iron,18,82— — steel,19— seizure of the,19,33— steel,19— weight of,19Pitch of the teeth on a gear wheel,38Plain tube radiator,74Platinum tipped contact screws,53,57Plug, sparking,5,8,51,91,92Points of a good carburettor,49— — good engine,75Poppet valve,29,77,79Ports, exhaust,33,78,81,88— inlet,33,78,81,88— open exhaust,81,88,96Power,98— stroke,7,60,80Pre-ignition,84,90,92,95,108,109,110Pressure, atmospheric,3,90— compression,3,80,82,83,88,105— feed,50— mean-effective,89,107— of oil,65,67Prices of oils,67Primary winding,53,58Production, cost of,22,64,79Properties of fuels,108,109,110— of oils,63Pulley, fan,8,70— jockey,38Pump, air,50— charging,80— circulating,8,67,71— cylinder,87,88,107— gas,80— hand air,50— oil,8,39,40,65,67— piston,86— water,8,39,71Push rod,29QQuick acceleration,78,92— make and break,53,59,62RRacing pattern magneto,94Radiator, gilled tube,69— honeycomb,70,74— size of,71,72,74,89Rate of burning,1,57Rated horse-power,101Ratio of air to petrol vapour,42Recent improvements in carburettors,47Relative speeds of engine and magneto,54,94Release of gases,105Relief valves,67Residue,63Retarded ignition,55,57,59,62Revolving cylinders,10Ring, packing,17,18,81,87,97— steel piston,19Roller,29,58Rotary valves,79SSagging of camshaft,36Scavenging,16,35,84,85,87,88,89,93Scoops,65Screws, adjusting, for gudgeon pin,18— platinum tipped, for contact breaker,53,57Seat of valve,13,29Segments, metal, of distributor,55Seizure of piston,19,33,63,64,90Shafts, eccentric,33Sheaves, eccentric,33Short-circuiting terminal,55Silence in running,79,92,95Silencer,6,89Silent chain drive,38Simple two-stroke engine,81,85Single cylinder engine,75,76— sleeve valve engine,32— throw crankshaft,23Six cylinder engine,76— — — magneto for,54Sleeve valves,32,77,78Sleeves, double,32,78Slots,32Smoky exhaust,66Spark, electric,51,54,58Sparking plug,5,8,13,51,91,92Spasmodic knocking,84,91Specific gravity of fuels,108,109,110Speed, fluctuation of engine,27— of oil pump,67Speeds of magneto armature anddistributor,54,55,94Splash system of lubrication,63— — — improved,64Split pin,19Spray type of carburettor,42Springs, dual, for automatic valve,90— valve,8,29,90Sprocket wheels,38Spur gears,38Stampings for connecting rods,22Starting difficulties,72,75,92,96— handle,8,71Stationary cams for magneto,53Steel, chrome nickel and chrome vanadium,20,36— flywheel, built-up,27— — single stamping,28— mild,23— pistons,19— — rings,19— tungsten, for valves,30— Ubas,90Storage of petrol,108Strap, eccentric,34Strength and character of spark,58— of mixture,1,42,108,109,110Stroke, meaning of,3— suction,6,21,35,60,80Suction, meaning of,2Supplementary coil, for starting,58Surface carburettor,42Synchronized ignition,59,61TTank, petrol,43Tap, compression,13— petrol,43Tappet head,29,30— valve,8,29Teeth, helical,38— pitch of,38Temperature of jacket water,74Terminals, high tension,51,57— low tension,57,58T-headed cylinder,15Thermal efficiency,110,111— unit, British,111Thermo-syphon circulation,69,89Three-port two-stroke engine,97Throttle valve,44,47Time lag,56Timing the ignition,60,62,116— the inlet valve,34,37,78,116— the exhaust valve,35,37,78,116— wheels,8,37Too rich a mixture,46,78Too weak a mixture,46,73,78Torque, low,75Torsional oscillations of crankshaft,77Transfer pipe,86,87Treasury rating for horse-power,85,101Trembler blade,57— coil,57,61Troughs, oil,65Tube, amount required for radiator,74— gilled,74— plain,74Tungsten-steel valves,30Twin piston two-stroke engine,96Two cylinder engine,76Two-point ignition,59Two-port two-stroke engine,81,85,95Two-stroke cycle,80,83,87— engine, Kean,85,94— — simple,81,85— — twin piston,96— — two-port,81,85,95— — three-port,97— — valveless,97UUbas steel,90Unbalanced mass,25Underframe,40Up-stroke,4,81VVacuum, partial,6,46,49,82,90Valve, automatic inlet,82,84,88— — extra air,43,49,88— caps,13,31— defective,113,114,116— exhaust,5,37,81— extra air,43,49,94— guides,8— head,29— inlet,3,5— mechanically operated,5,30,84— mushroom type,5,8,30— needle,44— passages,10— relief,67— seat,13,29— springs,8,29,90— stem guides,8,12,13,29— tappet,8,29— throttle,44,47— timing the exhaust,35,37,78,116— — the inlet,34,37,78,116— to grind in,31— tungsten steel,30Valves, noise from,30,39— poppet,29,77,79— rotary,79— sleeve,32,77,79Valveless two-stroke engine,97Valve-setting diagram,116Vanadium steel,20,36Vaporization,1,46,48,49,94Vapour, inflammable,63— petrol,1,33,42,80Velocity of air,46,70Vent pipes,39Vibration of crankshaft,76Viscosity,63Volatility,108Volume displaced by piston,105,106,107— of clearance space,4,105,107Volumetric efficiency,83,86,88Vulcanite fibre tappet head,30WWasher,29Waste heat,9,17Water boiling in jackets,72— circulating pump,8,67,71— cooled cylinder,8,32,82,96— cooling, internal,92— head of,69,71— hot, for jacket,43,47,94— injection,92— jacket,10,12,70,72,73,96— pipe, inlet,8,69,70,71,73— — outlet,8,69,70,71,73— pump,8,39,40,72Water-tight joint,11,15Weakening the mixture,49,73Wear on gudgeon pins,19,90Webs, crank,24Weight of piston,19— of water in radiator,74,89Weights, balance,25Wheels, fibre, for timing gear,38— sprocket, for chain,38— timing,8,34Whipping of crankshaft,76Wick type of carburettor,42Winding, primary or low tension,53,58,61— secondary or high tension,53,58Wipe form of contact breaker,58Wire, earthing,60Wiring diagram for coil ignition system,61— — for magneto ignition system,60Work,98— diagram,103Working cylinder,81,87,107— drawings,11,93Wrist pin,18