1See also Colin’s statement regarding the college for 1656,VOL. XXIII, pp. 83, 84; and San Antonio’s brief remarks on the college, in the same volume, pp. 134, 135.↑2The congregation of the Virgin, which was promoted by the visitor, Diego Garcia. It was formed from six students on St. Francis’s day, 1600. So many people soon joined that it became necessary to split the congregation into two parts, one of students and the other of laymen, the latter of which had one hundred members in two years. Their objects were charity and devotion. The first to initiate the congregations of the Virgin in the Jesuit order was Juan de León, a Flemish priest, who established the first in the Roman college in 1563, giving it the title ofAnunciada. It was given papal approval in 1564. See Colin’sLabor evangélica, pp. 411–413; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 243–246.↑3SeeVOL. XI, p. 225, note 44.↑4SeeVOL. XIII, pp. 64–71.↑5Luis Gomez, S.J., was born at Toledo, in 1569, and entered upon his novitiate in 1588. In 1598 he reached the Philippines, where he professed theology, and became rector of the college of San José, and afterwards of the college of Cebú and Antipolo. He died at Manila, March 1, 1627, or 1628, according to Murillo Velarde. See Sommervogel’sBibliothèque.↑6SeeVOL. XXXIV, pp. 366, 367. This refers rather to what became known afterward as the San Ignacio college than to the college of San José. Of the so-called Jesuit college of Manila, known as Colegio Máximo [i.e., Chief college] de San Ignacio y el real de San José,Archipiélago Filipinosays (i. p. 346): “In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there also existed in Manila the university directed by the fathers of the Society of Jesus, who had arrived in Filipinas for the first time in 1581. It was elevated to a pontifical institution by a bull of Gregory XV in 1621, and given the title of “royal” by royal decrees of Felipe IV the same year, and in 1653. It conferred degrees on the pupils of the colleges of San Ignacio and San José; and there was also in it, in addition to the school for reading and writing, two chairs of theology, one of philosophy, one of rhetoric and the Latin language, one of canons, another of civil law, and from 1740, one of mathematics. It existed until May 21, 1768, when the Jesuits were expelled from these islands by a royal decree of Carlos III, which placed the edifice and the furnishings at the disposal of the State.” See alsoVOL. XXVIII, pp. 123, 131–134.↑7Original decree in Calderon’sEl Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900), appendix, document no. 1, pp. vii, viii.↑8Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 43.↑9See this will in Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 483, 484, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, appendix, document no. 1, pp. iii–v; andSenate Document, no. 190, 56th Congress,2dsession, p. 29. The portion of this document (pp. 26–46) treating of San José college has been reprinted in pamphlet form under the nameSan José College Case.↑10Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 44, and appendix, document no. 2, pp. v, vi; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, note.↑11Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 253, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 45; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 29, 30.↑12This decree is given by Colin; seeante, pp. 108–110.↑13See this confirmation,ante, pp. 105–107; see also Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, 486; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑14Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 254, 255, note.↑15Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 487.↑16Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 46.↑17Seepost, pp. 170–181.↑18Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 48, 49.↑19See also Concepción’sHistoria, vi, pp. 282–293.↑20Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 494–496.↑21Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 49, 50.↑22See Pastells’sColin, iii, pp. 759–763.↑23Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 53.↑24Nozaleda,ut supra, appendix, document no. 6, pp. xi, xii.↑25This decree is taken from Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 7, pp. xii, xiii. It is also given by Pastells in hisColin, ii, pp. 496, 497.↑26Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 496.↑27Census of Philippines, iii, p. 610, an extract from the report submitted by the Dominican friars at the exposition of Amsterdam, 1883.↑28Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 491, 492.↑29Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 163.↑30Montero y Vidal,ut supra, p. 185; Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 53, 54.↑31Nozaleda, appendix, document no. 9, pp. xiv, xv; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑32A document in theArchivo-historico Nacional, Madrid, bearing pressmark, A. 18–26–8, from the archbishop of the Philippines, Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa y Santa Rufina, dated Manila, January 1, 1770, is as follows: “Sire: Although I have recounted to your Majestyin extensothe measures which I have considered most suitable for the erection of a general conciliar seminary for all these most excellent islanders, and of such seminary being in the college called San Joseph which was under the charge of the now expelled Jesuits, provided that I could incline the superior government of these islands to allow me to go ahead with it, until your Majesty ordered otherwise; and although hitherto seventy and more seminarists have been supported in this college, which is elevated to a seminaryad interim, who are being reared and canons for the exercise of the parish ministry, in addition to the not small number of those who have already gone forth from it to occupy themselves in that ministry, with manifest profit even in the short space of two years since its creation: yet although today, according to the new measures and plan approved by your Majesty for the fortification of this place, it is indispensable to demolish, if not entirely, yet in a very considerable part, the above-mentioned college, since its location is next the walls and in a district where, as it is more suitable and better defended, the principal gate of this city is to be opened; and in order that there may be an open and free passage to it, as it is the place of most traffic and trade, nothing else can be done than to level the site occupied by the said college. On this account, the grace which I have implored from your Majesty will be frustrated. In consideration of this, I have recourse a second time to the charity of your Majesty, and humbly petition, that since the college called San Ygnacio is left alone in this city, which belonged also to the above-mentioned expelled ones, that your Majesty will deign to admit my first petition as it was directed for this end; or should it, perchance, be your royal pleasure that the said college of San Ygnacio become a public university, which has been, until the present, maintained in the college of Santo Thomas, under the direction of the religious of Santo Domingo, those religious passing to the college of San Ygnacio because of its greater size and its better arrangement for a public university, and that of Santo Thomas be used as a conciliar seminary. The consideration that the college of Santo Thomas, besides being suitable for a seminary, is almost at the very doors of this holy church, and, consequently, best suited for the assistance of the seminarists at the choir and functions of the altar, moves me to this petition. May God our Lord preserve the holy Catholic person of your Majesty the many years that I petition, and that Christendom finds necessary.”↑33The Order of the Piarists or Fathers of the Pious Schools, was founded in 1597 by San José de Calasanz. Their schools resemble those of the Jesuits, and many of the latter entered the Piarist order on the suppression of the Society of Jesus. See alsoVOL. XLVI, note 49.↑34Nozaleda,ut supra, p. 55; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 31.↑35Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 3, pp. ix–xiii.↑36Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 10, pp. xv–xix.↑37Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 61, 62; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 31, 32.↑38Census of Philippines, iii, pp. 610, 611.↑39Seepost, pp. 163–165, note 81.↑40Senate Document, no. 190, p. 32, and Montero y Vidal, iii, pp. 542–547.↑41Census of Philippines, iii, p. 611.↑42James A. LeRoy writing in thePolitical Science Quarterly(p. 674) for December, 1903, says: “The Dominicans promised to devote the income of this endowment [i.e., of San José college] to courses in medicine and pharmacy, never before taught in the islands. In a report on the medical college made to the American authorities last year, a German physician of Manila stated that it had no library worth considering, that some textbooks dated back to 1845, that no female cadaver had ever been dissected and the anatomy course was a farce, that most graduates never had attended even one case of confinement or seen a laparotomy, and that bacteriology had been introduced only since American occupation and was still taught without microscopes.”↑43Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, p. vi; andSenate Document, p. 34.↑44Senate Document, no. 190, pp. 27, 28.↑45St. Joseph’s College(Statement of Most Rev. P. L. Chapelle), p. 50.↑46Colegio de San José, p. 3.↑47Ut supra, p. 5.↑48Senate Document, no. 190.↑49Two pamphlets, each entitled:El Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900).↑50See a concise statement of the arguments of each side inSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 34–39.↑51SeeSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 41–46.↑52We are indebted for considerable material regarding the San José College case to James A. LeRoy, now (1906) United States consul at Durango, Mexico, formerly secretary to Hon. Dean C. Worcester in Manila, and a notable worker in modern Philippine history and conditions.↑
1See also Colin’s statement regarding the college for 1656,VOL. XXIII, pp. 83, 84; and San Antonio’s brief remarks on the college, in the same volume, pp. 134, 135.↑2The congregation of the Virgin, which was promoted by the visitor, Diego Garcia. It was formed from six students on St. Francis’s day, 1600. So many people soon joined that it became necessary to split the congregation into two parts, one of students and the other of laymen, the latter of which had one hundred members in two years. Their objects were charity and devotion. The first to initiate the congregations of the Virgin in the Jesuit order was Juan de León, a Flemish priest, who established the first in the Roman college in 1563, giving it the title ofAnunciada. It was given papal approval in 1564. See Colin’sLabor evangélica, pp. 411–413; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 243–246.↑3SeeVOL. XI, p. 225, note 44.↑4SeeVOL. XIII, pp. 64–71.↑5Luis Gomez, S.J., was born at Toledo, in 1569, and entered upon his novitiate in 1588. In 1598 he reached the Philippines, where he professed theology, and became rector of the college of San José, and afterwards of the college of Cebú and Antipolo. He died at Manila, March 1, 1627, or 1628, according to Murillo Velarde. See Sommervogel’sBibliothèque.↑6SeeVOL. XXXIV, pp. 366, 367. This refers rather to what became known afterward as the San Ignacio college than to the college of San José. Of the so-called Jesuit college of Manila, known as Colegio Máximo [i.e., Chief college] de San Ignacio y el real de San José,Archipiélago Filipinosays (i. p. 346): “In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there also existed in Manila the university directed by the fathers of the Society of Jesus, who had arrived in Filipinas for the first time in 1581. It was elevated to a pontifical institution by a bull of Gregory XV in 1621, and given the title of “royal” by royal decrees of Felipe IV the same year, and in 1653. It conferred degrees on the pupils of the colleges of San Ignacio and San José; and there was also in it, in addition to the school for reading and writing, two chairs of theology, one of philosophy, one of rhetoric and the Latin language, one of canons, another of civil law, and from 1740, one of mathematics. It existed until May 21, 1768, when the Jesuits were expelled from these islands by a royal decree of Carlos III, which placed the edifice and the furnishings at the disposal of the State.” See alsoVOL. XXVIII, pp. 123, 131–134.↑7Original decree in Calderon’sEl Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900), appendix, document no. 1, pp. vii, viii.↑8Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 43.↑9See this will in Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 483, 484, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, appendix, document no. 1, pp. iii–v; andSenate Document, no. 190, 56th Congress,2dsession, p. 29. The portion of this document (pp. 26–46) treating of San José college has been reprinted in pamphlet form under the nameSan José College Case.↑10Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 44, and appendix, document no. 2, pp. v, vi; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, note.↑11Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 253, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 45; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 29, 30.↑12This decree is given by Colin; seeante, pp. 108–110.↑13See this confirmation,ante, pp. 105–107; see also Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, 486; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑14Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 254, 255, note.↑15Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 487.↑16Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 46.↑17Seepost, pp. 170–181.↑18Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 48, 49.↑19See also Concepción’sHistoria, vi, pp. 282–293.↑20Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 494–496.↑21Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 49, 50.↑22See Pastells’sColin, iii, pp. 759–763.↑23Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 53.↑24Nozaleda,ut supra, appendix, document no. 6, pp. xi, xii.↑25This decree is taken from Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 7, pp. xii, xiii. It is also given by Pastells in hisColin, ii, pp. 496, 497.↑26Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 496.↑27Census of Philippines, iii, p. 610, an extract from the report submitted by the Dominican friars at the exposition of Amsterdam, 1883.↑28Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 491, 492.↑29Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 163.↑30Montero y Vidal,ut supra, p. 185; Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 53, 54.↑31Nozaleda, appendix, document no. 9, pp. xiv, xv; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑32A document in theArchivo-historico Nacional, Madrid, bearing pressmark, A. 18–26–8, from the archbishop of the Philippines, Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa y Santa Rufina, dated Manila, January 1, 1770, is as follows: “Sire: Although I have recounted to your Majestyin extensothe measures which I have considered most suitable for the erection of a general conciliar seminary for all these most excellent islanders, and of such seminary being in the college called San Joseph which was under the charge of the now expelled Jesuits, provided that I could incline the superior government of these islands to allow me to go ahead with it, until your Majesty ordered otherwise; and although hitherto seventy and more seminarists have been supported in this college, which is elevated to a seminaryad interim, who are being reared and canons for the exercise of the parish ministry, in addition to the not small number of those who have already gone forth from it to occupy themselves in that ministry, with manifest profit even in the short space of two years since its creation: yet although today, according to the new measures and plan approved by your Majesty for the fortification of this place, it is indispensable to demolish, if not entirely, yet in a very considerable part, the above-mentioned college, since its location is next the walls and in a district where, as it is more suitable and better defended, the principal gate of this city is to be opened; and in order that there may be an open and free passage to it, as it is the place of most traffic and trade, nothing else can be done than to level the site occupied by the said college. On this account, the grace which I have implored from your Majesty will be frustrated. In consideration of this, I have recourse a second time to the charity of your Majesty, and humbly petition, that since the college called San Ygnacio is left alone in this city, which belonged also to the above-mentioned expelled ones, that your Majesty will deign to admit my first petition as it was directed for this end; or should it, perchance, be your royal pleasure that the said college of San Ygnacio become a public university, which has been, until the present, maintained in the college of Santo Thomas, under the direction of the religious of Santo Domingo, those religious passing to the college of San Ygnacio because of its greater size and its better arrangement for a public university, and that of Santo Thomas be used as a conciliar seminary. The consideration that the college of Santo Thomas, besides being suitable for a seminary, is almost at the very doors of this holy church, and, consequently, best suited for the assistance of the seminarists at the choir and functions of the altar, moves me to this petition. May God our Lord preserve the holy Catholic person of your Majesty the many years that I petition, and that Christendom finds necessary.”↑33The Order of the Piarists or Fathers of the Pious Schools, was founded in 1597 by San José de Calasanz. Their schools resemble those of the Jesuits, and many of the latter entered the Piarist order on the suppression of the Society of Jesus. See alsoVOL. XLVI, note 49.↑34Nozaleda,ut supra, p. 55; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 31.↑35Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 3, pp. ix–xiii.↑36Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 10, pp. xv–xix.↑37Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 61, 62; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 31, 32.↑38Census of Philippines, iii, pp. 610, 611.↑39Seepost, pp. 163–165, note 81.↑40Senate Document, no. 190, p. 32, and Montero y Vidal, iii, pp. 542–547.↑41Census of Philippines, iii, p. 611.↑42James A. LeRoy writing in thePolitical Science Quarterly(p. 674) for December, 1903, says: “The Dominicans promised to devote the income of this endowment [i.e., of San José college] to courses in medicine and pharmacy, never before taught in the islands. In a report on the medical college made to the American authorities last year, a German physician of Manila stated that it had no library worth considering, that some textbooks dated back to 1845, that no female cadaver had ever been dissected and the anatomy course was a farce, that most graduates never had attended even one case of confinement or seen a laparotomy, and that bacteriology had been introduced only since American occupation and was still taught without microscopes.”↑43Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, p. vi; andSenate Document, p. 34.↑44Senate Document, no. 190, pp. 27, 28.↑45St. Joseph’s College(Statement of Most Rev. P. L. Chapelle), p. 50.↑46Colegio de San José, p. 3.↑47Ut supra, p. 5.↑48Senate Document, no. 190.↑49Two pamphlets, each entitled:El Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900).↑50See a concise statement of the arguments of each side inSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 34–39.↑51SeeSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 41–46.↑52We are indebted for considerable material regarding the San José College case to James A. LeRoy, now (1906) United States consul at Durango, Mexico, formerly secretary to Hon. Dean C. Worcester in Manila, and a notable worker in modern Philippine history and conditions.↑
1See also Colin’s statement regarding the college for 1656,VOL. XXIII, pp. 83, 84; and San Antonio’s brief remarks on the college, in the same volume, pp. 134, 135.↑2The congregation of the Virgin, which was promoted by the visitor, Diego Garcia. It was formed from six students on St. Francis’s day, 1600. So many people soon joined that it became necessary to split the congregation into two parts, one of students and the other of laymen, the latter of which had one hundred members in two years. Their objects were charity and devotion. The first to initiate the congregations of the Virgin in the Jesuit order was Juan de León, a Flemish priest, who established the first in the Roman college in 1563, giving it the title ofAnunciada. It was given papal approval in 1564. See Colin’sLabor evangélica, pp. 411–413; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 243–246.↑3SeeVOL. XI, p. 225, note 44.↑4SeeVOL. XIII, pp. 64–71.↑5Luis Gomez, S.J., was born at Toledo, in 1569, and entered upon his novitiate in 1588. In 1598 he reached the Philippines, where he professed theology, and became rector of the college of San José, and afterwards of the college of Cebú and Antipolo. He died at Manila, March 1, 1627, or 1628, according to Murillo Velarde. See Sommervogel’sBibliothèque.↑6SeeVOL. XXXIV, pp. 366, 367. This refers rather to what became known afterward as the San Ignacio college than to the college of San José. Of the so-called Jesuit college of Manila, known as Colegio Máximo [i.e., Chief college] de San Ignacio y el real de San José,Archipiélago Filipinosays (i. p. 346): “In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there also existed in Manila the university directed by the fathers of the Society of Jesus, who had arrived in Filipinas for the first time in 1581. It was elevated to a pontifical institution by a bull of Gregory XV in 1621, and given the title of “royal” by royal decrees of Felipe IV the same year, and in 1653. It conferred degrees on the pupils of the colleges of San Ignacio and San José; and there was also in it, in addition to the school for reading and writing, two chairs of theology, one of philosophy, one of rhetoric and the Latin language, one of canons, another of civil law, and from 1740, one of mathematics. It existed until May 21, 1768, when the Jesuits were expelled from these islands by a royal decree of Carlos III, which placed the edifice and the furnishings at the disposal of the State.” See alsoVOL. XXVIII, pp. 123, 131–134.↑7Original decree in Calderon’sEl Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900), appendix, document no. 1, pp. vii, viii.↑8Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 43.↑9See this will in Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 483, 484, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, appendix, document no. 1, pp. iii–v; andSenate Document, no. 190, 56th Congress,2dsession, p. 29. The portion of this document (pp. 26–46) treating of San José college has been reprinted in pamphlet form under the nameSan José College Case.↑10Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 44, and appendix, document no. 2, pp. v, vi; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, note.↑11Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 253, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 45; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 29, 30.↑12This decree is given by Colin; seeante, pp. 108–110.↑13See this confirmation,ante, pp. 105–107; see also Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, 486; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑14Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 254, 255, note.↑15Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 487.↑16Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 46.↑17Seepost, pp. 170–181.↑18Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 48, 49.↑19See also Concepción’sHistoria, vi, pp. 282–293.↑20Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 494–496.↑21Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 49, 50.↑22See Pastells’sColin, iii, pp. 759–763.↑23Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 53.↑24Nozaleda,ut supra, appendix, document no. 6, pp. xi, xii.↑25This decree is taken from Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 7, pp. xii, xiii. It is also given by Pastells in hisColin, ii, pp. 496, 497.↑26Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 496.↑27Census of Philippines, iii, p. 610, an extract from the report submitted by the Dominican friars at the exposition of Amsterdam, 1883.↑28Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 491, 492.↑29Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 163.↑30Montero y Vidal,ut supra, p. 185; Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 53, 54.↑31Nozaleda, appendix, document no. 9, pp. xiv, xv; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑32A document in theArchivo-historico Nacional, Madrid, bearing pressmark, A. 18–26–8, from the archbishop of the Philippines, Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa y Santa Rufina, dated Manila, January 1, 1770, is as follows: “Sire: Although I have recounted to your Majestyin extensothe measures which I have considered most suitable for the erection of a general conciliar seminary for all these most excellent islanders, and of such seminary being in the college called San Joseph which was under the charge of the now expelled Jesuits, provided that I could incline the superior government of these islands to allow me to go ahead with it, until your Majesty ordered otherwise; and although hitherto seventy and more seminarists have been supported in this college, which is elevated to a seminaryad interim, who are being reared and canons for the exercise of the parish ministry, in addition to the not small number of those who have already gone forth from it to occupy themselves in that ministry, with manifest profit even in the short space of two years since its creation: yet although today, according to the new measures and plan approved by your Majesty for the fortification of this place, it is indispensable to demolish, if not entirely, yet in a very considerable part, the above-mentioned college, since its location is next the walls and in a district where, as it is more suitable and better defended, the principal gate of this city is to be opened; and in order that there may be an open and free passage to it, as it is the place of most traffic and trade, nothing else can be done than to level the site occupied by the said college. On this account, the grace which I have implored from your Majesty will be frustrated. In consideration of this, I have recourse a second time to the charity of your Majesty, and humbly petition, that since the college called San Ygnacio is left alone in this city, which belonged also to the above-mentioned expelled ones, that your Majesty will deign to admit my first petition as it was directed for this end; or should it, perchance, be your royal pleasure that the said college of San Ygnacio become a public university, which has been, until the present, maintained in the college of Santo Thomas, under the direction of the religious of Santo Domingo, those religious passing to the college of San Ygnacio because of its greater size and its better arrangement for a public university, and that of Santo Thomas be used as a conciliar seminary. The consideration that the college of Santo Thomas, besides being suitable for a seminary, is almost at the very doors of this holy church, and, consequently, best suited for the assistance of the seminarists at the choir and functions of the altar, moves me to this petition. May God our Lord preserve the holy Catholic person of your Majesty the many years that I petition, and that Christendom finds necessary.”↑33The Order of the Piarists or Fathers of the Pious Schools, was founded in 1597 by San José de Calasanz. Their schools resemble those of the Jesuits, and many of the latter entered the Piarist order on the suppression of the Society of Jesus. See alsoVOL. XLVI, note 49.↑34Nozaleda,ut supra, p. 55; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 31.↑35Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 3, pp. ix–xiii.↑36Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 10, pp. xv–xix.↑37Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 61, 62; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 31, 32.↑38Census of Philippines, iii, pp. 610, 611.↑39Seepost, pp. 163–165, note 81.↑40Senate Document, no. 190, p. 32, and Montero y Vidal, iii, pp. 542–547.↑41Census of Philippines, iii, p. 611.↑42James A. LeRoy writing in thePolitical Science Quarterly(p. 674) for December, 1903, says: “The Dominicans promised to devote the income of this endowment [i.e., of San José college] to courses in medicine and pharmacy, never before taught in the islands. In a report on the medical college made to the American authorities last year, a German physician of Manila stated that it had no library worth considering, that some textbooks dated back to 1845, that no female cadaver had ever been dissected and the anatomy course was a farce, that most graduates never had attended even one case of confinement or seen a laparotomy, and that bacteriology had been introduced only since American occupation and was still taught without microscopes.”↑43Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, p. vi; andSenate Document, p. 34.↑44Senate Document, no. 190, pp. 27, 28.↑45St. Joseph’s College(Statement of Most Rev. P. L. Chapelle), p. 50.↑46Colegio de San José, p. 3.↑47Ut supra, p. 5.↑48Senate Document, no. 190.↑49Two pamphlets, each entitled:El Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900).↑50See a concise statement of the arguments of each side inSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 34–39.↑51SeeSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 41–46.↑52We are indebted for considerable material regarding the San José College case to James A. LeRoy, now (1906) United States consul at Durango, Mexico, formerly secretary to Hon. Dean C. Worcester in Manila, and a notable worker in modern Philippine history and conditions.↑
1See also Colin’s statement regarding the college for 1656,VOL. XXIII, pp. 83, 84; and San Antonio’s brief remarks on the college, in the same volume, pp. 134, 135.↑
2The congregation of the Virgin, which was promoted by the visitor, Diego Garcia. It was formed from six students on St. Francis’s day, 1600. So many people soon joined that it became necessary to split the congregation into two parts, one of students and the other of laymen, the latter of which had one hundred members in two years. Their objects were charity and devotion. The first to initiate the congregations of the Virgin in the Jesuit order was Juan de León, a Flemish priest, who established the first in the Roman college in 1563, giving it the title ofAnunciada. It was given papal approval in 1564. See Colin’sLabor evangélica, pp. 411–413; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 243–246.↑
3SeeVOL. XI, p. 225, note 44.↑
4SeeVOL. XIII, pp. 64–71.↑
5Luis Gomez, S.J., was born at Toledo, in 1569, and entered upon his novitiate in 1588. In 1598 he reached the Philippines, where he professed theology, and became rector of the college of San José, and afterwards of the college of Cebú and Antipolo. He died at Manila, March 1, 1627, or 1628, according to Murillo Velarde. See Sommervogel’sBibliothèque.↑
6SeeVOL. XXXIV, pp. 366, 367. This refers rather to what became known afterward as the San Ignacio college than to the college of San José. Of the so-called Jesuit college of Manila, known as Colegio Máximo [i.e., Chief college] de San Ignacio y el real de San José,Archipiélago Filipinosays (i. p. 346): “In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there also existed in Manila the university directed by the fathers of the Society of Jesus, who had arrived in Filipinas for the first time in 1581. It was elevated to a pontifical institution by a bull of Gregory XV in 1621, and given the title of “royal” by royal decrees of Felipe IV the same year, and in 1653. It conferred degrees on the pupils of the colleges of San Ignacio and San José; and there was also in it, in addition to the school for reading and writing, two chairs of theology, one of philosophy, one of rhetoric and the Latin language, one of canons, another of civil law, and from 1740, one of mathematics. It existed until May 21, 1768, when the Jesuits were expelled from these islands by a royal decree of Carlos III, which placed the edifice and the furnishings at the disposal of the State.” See alsoVOL. XXVIII, pp. 123, 131–134.↑
7Original decree in Calderon’sEl Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900), appendix, document no. 1, pp. vii, viii.↑
8Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 43.↑
9See this will in Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 483, 484, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, appendix, document no. 1, pp. iii–v; andSenate Document, no. 190, 56th Congress,2dsession, p. 29. The portion of this document (pp. 26–46) treating of San José college has been reprinted in pamphlet form under the nameSan José College Case.↑
10Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 44, and appendix, document no. 2, pp. v, vi; and Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, note.↑
11Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 253, note; Nozaleda’sColegio de S. José, p. 45; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 29, 30.↑
12This decree is given by Colin; seeante, pp. 108–110.↑
13See this confirmation,ante, pp. 105–107; see also Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 482, 483, 486; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑
14Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 254, 255, note.↑
15Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 487.↑
16Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 46.↑
17Seepost, pp. 170–181.↑
18Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 48, 49.↑
19See also Concepción’sHistoria, vi, pp. 282–293.↑
20Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 494–496.↑
21Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 49, 50.↑
22See Pastells’sColin, iii, pp. 759–763.↑
23Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, p. 53.↑
24Nozaleda,ut supra, appendix, document no. 6, pp. xi, xii.↑
25This decree is taken from Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 7, pp. xii, xiii. It is also given by Pastells in hisColin, ii, pp. 496, 497.↑
26Pastells’sColin, ii, p. 496.↑
27Census of Philippines, iii, p. 610, an extract from the report submitted by the Dominican friars at the exposition of Amsterdam, 1883.↑
28Pastells’sColin, ii, pp. 491, 492.↑
29Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 163.↑
30Montero y Vidal,ut supra, p. 185; Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, pp. 53, 54.↑
31Nozaleda, appendix, document no. 9, pp. xiv, xv; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 30.↑
32A document in theArchivo-historico Nacional, Madrid, bearing pressmark, A. 18–26–8, from the archbishop of the Philippines, Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa y Santa Rufina, dated Manila, January 1, 1770, is as follows: “Sire: Although I have recounted to your Majestyin extensothe measures which I have considered most suitable for the erection of a general conciliar seminary for all these most excellent islanders, and of such seminary being in the college called San Joseph which was under the charge of the now expelled Jesuits, provided that I could incline the superior government of these islands to allow me to go ahead with it, until your Majesty ordered otherwise; and although hitherto seventy and more seminarists have been supported in this college, which is elevated to a seminaryad interim, who are being reared and canons for the exercise of the parish ministry, in addition to the not small number of those who have already gone forth from it to occupy themselves in that ministry, with manifest profit even in the short space of two years since its creation: yet although today, according to the new measures and plan approved by your Majesty for the fortification of this place, it is indispensable to demolish, if not entirely, yet in a very considerable part, the above-mentioned college, since its location is next the walls and in a district where, as it is more suitable and better defended, the principal gate of this city is to be opened; and in order that there may be an open and free passage to it, as it is the place of most traffic and trade, nothing else can be done than to level the site occupied by the said college. On this account, the grace which I have implored from your Majesty will be frustrated. In consideration of this, I have recourse a second time to the charity of your Majesty, and humbly petition, that since the college called San Ygnacio is left alone in this city, which belonged also to the above-mentioned expelled ones, that your Majesty will deign to admit my first petition as it was directed for this end; or should it, perchance, be your royal pleasure that the said college of San Ygnacio become a public university, which has been, until the present, maintained in the college of Santo Thomas, under the direction of the religious of Santo Domingo, those religious passing to the college of San Ygnacio because of its greater size and its better arrangement for a public university, and that of Santo Thomas be used as a conciliar seminary. The consideration that the college of Santo Thomas, besides being suitable for a seminary, is almost at the very doors of this holy church, and, consequently, best suited for the assistance of the seminarists at the choir and functions of the altar, moves me to this petition. May God our Lord preserve the holy Catholic person of your Majesty the many years that I petition, and that Christendom finds necessary.”↑
33The Order of the Piarists or Fathers of the Pious Schools, was founded in 1597 by San José de Calasanz. Their schools resemble those of the Jesuits, and many of the latter entered the Piarist order on the suppression of the Society of Jesus. See alsoVOL. XLVI, note 49.↑
34Nozaleda,ut supra, p. 55; andSenate Document, no. 190, p. 31.↑
35Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 3, pp. ix–xiii.↑
36Nozaleda’sColegio de San José, appendix, document no. 10, pp. xv–xix.↑
37Nozaleda,ut supra, pp. 61, 62; andSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 31, 32.↑
38Census of Philippines, iii, pp. 610, 611.↑
39Seepost, pp. 163–165, note 81.↑
40Senate Document, no. 190, p. 32, and Montero y Vidal, iii, pp. 542–547.↑
41Census of Philippines, iii, p. 611.↑
42James A. LeRoy writing in thePolitical Science Quarterly(p. 674) for December, 1903, says: “The Dominicans promised to devote the income of this endowment [i.e., of San José college] to courses in medicine and pharmacy, never before taught in the islands. In a report on the medical college made to the American authorities last year, a German physician of Manila stated that it had no library worth considering, that some textbooks dated back to 1845, that no female cadaver had ever been dissected and the anatomy course was a farce, that most graduates never had attended even one case of confinement or seen a laparotomy, and that bacteriology had been introduced only since American occupation and was still taught without microscopes.”↑
43Calderon’sColegio de San José, appendix, p. vi; andSenate Document, p. 34.↑
44Senate Document, no. 190, pp. 27, 28.↑
45St. Joseph’s College(Statement of Most Rev. P. L. Chapelle), p. 50.↑
46Colegio de San José, p. 3.↑
47Ut supra, p. 5.↑
48Senate Document, no. 190.↑
49Two pamphlets, each entitled:El Colegio de San José(Manila, 1900).↑
50See a concise statement of the arguments of each side inSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 34–39.↑
51SeeSenate Document, no. 190, pp. 41–46.↑
52We are indebted for considerable material regarding the San José College case to James A. LeRoy, now (1906) United States consul at Durango, Mexico, formerly secretary to Hon. Dean C. Worcester in Manila, and a notable worker in modern Philippine history and conditions.↑