Chapter 24

351Hippocrates, De nat. muliebr. Vol. II. p. 586., ἀφθήσῃ τὰ αἰδοῖα (the privates affected with aphthae). De morb. muliebr. bk. II. Vol. II. p. 614.352Galen, Method. med. bk. XIII. ch. 11. (X. p. 903.), ἀντισπᾶν γὰρ χρὴ τῶν ἀρχομένων ῥευματίζεσθαι παρρωτάτω τὸ περιττὸν, οὐχ ἕλκειν ἐπ’αὐτὰ· κατὰ τοῦτον οὖν τὸν λόγον οὐδὲ γαστρὸς οὐδ’ ἐντέρων ἀρξαμένων φλεγμαίνειν ὑπηλάτῳ χρῆσθαι προσήκει· τὴν δ’ αὐτὴν ἔνδειξιν ἔχει τούτοις μὲν μήτρα τοῖς ὀργάνοις αἰδοῖα· τό γε μὴν ἐμέτοις χρῆσθαι τῶν αἰδοίων πεπονθότων ἀντισπαστικόν ἐστὶ βούθημα. (For what is necessary is to reject the excess as far as may be from the parts that are beginning to be congested, not to draw it towards them. Therefore in accordance with this reasoning neither in the case of belly nor of intestines, when these have begun to be inflamed, is it expedient to employ purging medicine; also the same indication as in the case of these organs holds good for womb, and private parts. The treatment when the privates are attacked is revulsory, viz. the use of emetics).353Galen, loco citato p. 904., ἐπὶ δὲ νεφρῶν καὶ κύστεος αἰδοίου τε καὶ μήτρας τὰς ἐν τοῖς σκέλεσι, μάλιστα μὲν τὰς κατὰ τὴν ἰγνύαν, εἰ δὲ μὴ, τὰς παρὰ σφυρόν (In complaints of the kidneys and bladder, of the privates and womb, bleedings on the legs, and particularly in the hollow of the knee, or otherwise at the ankle).354Oribasius, Medicin. collect. bk. IX. ch. 24., Pudendis incommoda sunt pinguia, prosunt autem adstringentia. (Fatty matters are prejudicial to the privates, astringents on the contrary are of advantage).355Galen, De medicam. sec. loc. compos. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 315.), τὰ δ’ἐν αἰδοίοις ἕλκη καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἕδραν χωρὶς φλεγμονῆς ὄντα ξηραινόντων πάνυ δεῖται φαρμάκων. (Now ulcers on the privates and about the fundament, if free from the phlegmonous condition, require dessicative drugs above all). Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 381.).356Galen, loco citato pp. 317, 383.—Oribasius, Synops. bk. IX. ch. 38.357Galen, Method. med. bk. X. ch. 9. (X. p. 702.).—Aëtius, Tetrab. II. serm. 1. ch. 91.358Galen, De compos. medic. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 316.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.OribasiusDe loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 102.359Galen, loco citato p. 316.Paulus Aegineta, loco citato. Oribasius, loco citato.360Galen, loco citato p. 317.361Galen, loco citato p. 316. De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. X. (XII. p. 235.).Paulus Aegineta, loco cit.Oribasius, loco cit.362Galen, De simplic. medic. temperam, ac. facult. bk. X. ch. 2. (XII. p. 268.).363Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 382.), De composit. medic. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p, 316.).Paulus Aegineta, loco cit.Aëtius, Tetrab. I. serm. 1.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 195.364Galen, De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. p. 822.).Aëtius, loco cit.365Oribasius, De virtute simplicium bk. II., under word “Molibdos”,—lead.366Hippocrates, De natura muliebri Vol. II. p. 586.367Galen, De composit. med. sec. loc. bk. VII. (XIII. p. 36.).368Galen, loco cit. p. 316., Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 382.), De simplic. medicam. temperam. ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. p. 832.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.Oribasius, De loc. affect. IV. 102. Collect. IX. 24.Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 195.369Orpheus de lapidibus XVIII. 33.,ἀνδρός τ’αἰδοίων ἄκος ἔσσεται, ὅς κε πίῃσι.(And it shall be a cure of the privates of a man, whosoever shall drink thereof).370Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 363.).371Galen, De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. X. (XII. p. 285.).372Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.Oribasius, Collect. bk. IX. ch. 24.Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 195.373Paulus Aegineta, bk. IV. ch. 44.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 17.374Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 24. Collect. L. ch. 9.375Hippocrates, Coac. praenot. Vol. I. p. 389., Aphorism. Vol. III. p. 752.Galen, Method. med. bk. III. ch. 1. (X. p. 161.).376Galen, Method. med. bk. XIV. ch. 15. (X. p. 1001 sqq.).377Galen, loco cit. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 381.), De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. pp. 832, 806.).378Paulus Aegineta, bk. VI. ch. 57.379Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15 (X. p. 381.),Aëtius, Tetrab. III. 2. ch. 15., recommended drawing the prepuce forwards in micturition, so as to make the urine flow between the foreskin and glans penis, by which means the ulcers and fissures are readily cured.380Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. 381.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. 59.Oribasius, Synops. IX. 37.Marcellus Empiricus, ch. 33.381Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3.382Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 17.383Actuarius, Method. med. II. ch. 12.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 18.Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, ch. V. 2. V. 43.Theodor. PriscianusI. 25.384Galen, Isag. ch. 16. (XIV. p. 777.).385Galen, De temperam. 4. (I. p. 532.).386Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 26. 206., θηρίωμα, γίνεται μὲν ἕλκος περὶ ἀνδρῶν αἰδοῖα, ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ περὶ δακτύλους[read δακτυλιους], καὶ ἀλλὰχοῦ, αἷμα πολὺ καὶ μέλαν καὶ δυσῶδες ἀφιὲν μετὰ μελανίας τὴν σάρκα ἀνεσθίον. (θηρίωμα,—malignant sore, is an ulcer affecting men’s privates, as well as sometimes the fingers (? the anus), and other parts, discharging much black evil-smelling blood, accompanied with black colour and eating away the flesh).387Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, XV. 3.388Galen, Isagog. ch. 11. (XIV. p. 719.), ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶν ἡ ὑστέρα ἔοικεν ὀσχῇ ἀνεστραμμένῃ, (but in women the vagina is like a scrotum inverted), though in accordance with what comes next the uterus may also by understood to be here intended. Commentar. in Hippocrat. De Alimento (XV. p. 326.), περὶ δὲ τῆς ὑστέρας ὀλίγα ῥηθήσεται· καὶ πρῶτον μὲν, πότερον ὑστέρον ἢ μήτραν κλητέον ἐστὶ τὸ μόριον ἐκεῖνο, ὃ πρὸς τὴν κύησιν ἔδωκε φύσις ταῖς γυναιξὶν, οὐδὲν διαφέρει. (Now about the vagina we shall not say much. However first of all we may remark as to the question whether we should name the part which nature has given to women for connection ὑστέρος or μήτρα, that this is a matter of indifference). Moreover the Physicians use κόλπος (fold, bosom), e.g.Galen, De tumoribus praeter naturam ch. 4. (VII. p. 717.) for the vaginal canal, as the Romans didsinus(fold, bosom) in Latin.389Celsus, bk. V. ch. 25.Marcellus, De medic, ch. 7. 17.Sextus Placitus PapyriensisII. 7., XV. 2., XXXI. 12.L. Apuleius, De herb. XLIX. 1., LXXIV. 3., CXXI. 2.390Celsus, bk. V. 28. 25.Galen, Vol. II. p. 150., X. p. 993. XI. p. 9. 1001., XVI. p. 180., XVII. B. pp. 274, 855., XIX., p. 428,Oribasius, De virt. simpl. bk. II. 1. under word “Leucoion”, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 112.Aëtius, Tetrab. I. serm. 1. under word “Leucoion”, Tetrab. IV. serm. 4. ch. 83.Actuarius, Method. med. bk. VI. chs. 8, 9.391Aretaeus, De sign. chron. bk. II. ch. 11.392Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 4. chs. 88-94.393The uterine speculum is mentioned byAëtiusalso chs. 86, 88. and its use described; as also byPaulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 65., bk. VI. ch. 73., and for the examination of the rectum, bk. VI. ch. 78.394Galen, De loc. affect. bk. VI. ch. 5. (VIII. p. 436.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. chs. 59, 75.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 15., serm. 4. ch. 107.395Hippocrates, De natura muliebri Vol. II. pp. 586, (588), 591., De morbis mulier. bk. II. Vol. II. 878.396Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 206., distinguishes between ῥυπάρον ἕλκος, νομὴ μετὰ φλεγμονῆς (foul ulcer, eating sore with inflammation) and ἄνευ φλεγμονῆς νομή (eating sore without inflammation); as doesPaulus Aegin., bk. III. ch. 66.397By means of the uterine syringe, μητρεγχύτης.Galen, Synopsis medic. sec. loc. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 316.).Oribasius, Collect. medic. bk. X. ch. 25.398Celsus, bk. VII. ch. 28.Pliny, Histor. nat. XXX. 4.Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, XXXII. 2.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 73.399Cedrenus, Σύνοψις ἱστορικὴ (Historical Survey), edit. J. Goar and H. Fabrot, Paris 1647. fol., p. 266. In Diocletian’s time when persecutions of the Christians were general, a fair and modest maiden was charged with having spoken disrespectfully of the gods; for punishment she was sent to a brothel with the order that she must reimburse the brothel-keeper three shillings a day. The latter was to make her serve as a prostitute, and she was to receive all who wished to go with her. Account however was taken of the fact that she declaredshe had an ulcer on her privates, and this obliged them to wait till it was cured (προσφασιζομένη ἕλκος ἔχειν ἐπὶ κρυπτοῦ τόπου καὶ τούτου ἀπαλλαγὴν ἐκδέξασθαι) (pretexting she had an ulcer in a secret place, and must wait for its removal). The same story is told byPalladius, Hist. lausiac. ch. 148., as having happened at Corinth, who calls the ulcer an evil-smelling one, that might easily stir the repugnance of her visitors against the girl, (λέγουσα, ὅτι ἕλκος ἔχω τι εἰς κεκρυμμένον τόπον, ὅπερ ἐσχάτως ὄζει, καὶ δέδοικα μὴ εἰς μῖσός μου ἔηθητε τῷ ἀποτροπαίῳ τοῦ ἕλκους· ἔνδοτε οὖν μοι ὀλίγας ἡμέρας καὶ ἐξουσίαν μου ἔχετε καὶ δωρεάν με ἔχειν,)—(saying “I have an ulcer in a secret part, which smells very ill, and I fear you may come to feel repugnance towards me owing to the foulness of the ulcer; grant me therefore a few days, then may work your will of me and I undertake to give myself freely”). The last sentence shows clearly that the ulcer was easy to cure. Comp. Nicephorus, Hist. eccles. bk. VII. chs. 12, 13.400Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. II. chs. 1, 2, 3, 9, 10.Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 7. (XIII. p. 315.).Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 93.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.401Galen, Euporist. bk. I. ch. 14. (XIV. p. 382.), Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 7. (XIII. p. 315.),Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 93.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.402Galen, Euporist. bk. I. ch. 14. (XIV. p. 382.).Oribasius, De loc. affect, bk. IV. ch. 94.403Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IV. ch. 6. (XIII. p. 309.), ch. 7. (p. 314.), Synops. med. sec. gen. bk. V. ch. 12. (XIII. p. 837.).Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 92.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 198.404Celsus, bk. VI. ch. 18., bk. VII. 30., bk. V. 20.Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 6. (XIII. p. 309.), Synops. med. sec. gen. bk. V. ch. 13. (XIII. p. 840.), De simplic. med. temp. ac facult. bk. IX. chs. 3, 23. (XII. p. 231.), bk. XI. ch. 1. (XII. p. 333.),Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59., bk. VI. ch. 80.Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 95.Dioscoridesbk. I. ch. 34., ch. 94.Scribonius Largus, De compos. med. ch. 223.Marcellus, ch. 31.Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 196.Isidorus, Origin. bk. IV. ch. 7.405Aëtius, loco citato ch. 9. from Leonidas.Paulus Aegineta, bk. VI. ch. 78.406Celsus, VI. 18.Galen, (X. p. 381.), Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 6. (XIII. p. 307.), De simplic. temperam ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. p. 821.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.407Paulus Aegineta, bk. VI. ch. 80.408Galen, Method. med. ad Glaucon. bk. II. ch. 1. (XI. p. 77.), De tumor. praet. nat. ch. 15. (VII. p. 729.), Comment. in Hippocrat. Aphorism. (XVII. B. p. 636.).—Paulus Aegineta, bk. IV. ch. 22.Actuarius, bk. II. ch. 12.Cassius, Problem. 42.Nonnus, Epitom. 247.Heliodorus, in Mai’s Class. auctor. e Vatic. codd. edit. Vol. IV. p. 13. note 3.409Galen, Method. med. bk. XIII. ch. 5. (X. pp. 180 sqq.). Comp.Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28.Oribasius, Sympos. bk. VII. 31., De morb. curat. bk. III. ch. 46.410Hippocrates, De natura pueri, Vol. I. p. 390.411Hippocrates, Epidem. bk. VI. Vol. III. p. 619.412In reference to ανθραξGalensays, Isagog. ch. 16. (XIX. p. 777.): ἀνθράκωσις δέ ἐστιν ἕλκος ἐσχαρῶδες μετὰ νομῆς καὶῥεύματοςκαὶβουβῶνοςἐνίοτε καὶ πυρετῶν γινομένων περὶ τὸ ἄλλο πᾶν σῶμα, ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ περὶ ὀφθαλμούς. (But ἀνθράκωσις (malignant ulcer) is a scabby ulcer conjoined with eating ulcer anddischargeandbubo, as also with fevers sometimes affecting the whole body and at other times the eyes in particular).413Galen, loco citato p. 887., ἐχούσης δὲ τῆς τοιαύτης τὸ μῆκος μεῖζον τοῦ πλάτους, ἐγκάρσιον ἔστω τὸ μῆκος ἐπὶ τοῦ Βουβῶνος, οὐ κατ’εὐθὺ τοῦ κώλου· καὶ γὰρ κατὰ φύσιν οὕτως ἐπιπτύσσεται τὸ δέρμα ἑαυτῷ, καμπτόντων τὸ κῶλον. (But such an incision having greater length than breadth, the length should be diagonally to the groin, not in the line of the direct diameter of the limb. For in this way the skin is naturally folded over itself, when patients bend the limb).414Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, De medicamentis ex animal. ch. 1. note 14., Cervi pudenda si tecum habueris, inguina tibi non tumebunt, et si tumor antiquus fuerit, velociter recedet. (If you carry with you a stag’s genitals, your groin will never swell, and if you have a long-standing swelling, it will quickly disappear.) We must further note supplementarily thatProphylactics against female gonorrhœaappear also to have been known and used; at any rateGalen, Euporist. bk. II. ch. 26. note 37. (XIV. p.485.), cites measures against humidity of the genital organs during coition πρὸς τὸ μὴ καθυγραίνεσθαι τὸ αἰδοῖον ἐν ταῖς συνουσίαις τῶν γυναικῶν;—(to guard against the humidity of the genitals in coition amongst women), consisting in fact in unripe gall-apples, ashes and wine as a lotion, or infusion of gall-apples with sulphurated wool as a vaginal-plug, honey and nitre as an embrocation!415Galen, Method. med. bk. II. ch. 2. (X. p. 83).416Hippocrates, Aphorismor. Vol. III. p. 742., De liquidorum usu Vol. II. p. 163.417Galen, Synops. medic. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 317).418Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28.Oribasius, De morb. crat. bk. III. ch. 54. Synops. bk. VII. ch. 37, ch. 42., Collect, bk. XLIV. ch. 11. Mai loco cit. p. 31.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 61.Paulus Aeginetabk. IV. ch. 9.419Hippocrates, Prorrhet. bk. II. Vol. I. p. 204.420Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 15.421Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 20.422Galen, Definit. medic. Vol. XIX. p. 446.423Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3.424Oribasius, Synops. medic. sec. loc. bk. V. ch. 4. (XII. p. 823.).Aëtius, Tetrab. II. serm. 4. ch. 14.425Oribasius, Synops. bk. VII. ch. 40.Aëtius, loco citato.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 3.426Marcellus, De medic. ch. 31., gives prescriptions “ad ficos qui in locis verecundioribus nascuntur,” (for fig-like swellings that occur in the more private parts).Nonnus, Epit. 214.427Aspasia, De natura mulier. Vol. II. p. 588., De morb. mulier. bk. II. Vol. II. p. 879. The Etymologicum Magnum under the word explains κίων by ἀπὸ τοῦ κίειν καὶ ἀνίεναι εἰς ὕψος (so called from its going upwards and rising to a height). Comp.Phil. Ingrassias, De tumor. praet. natur. p. 273.428Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 4. ch. 106.429Celsus, bk. VI. ch. 18.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59., bk. IV. ch. 15., bk. VI. ch. 80.Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, XI. 7.Apuleius, De herb. LXXX. 8. A large number of remedies against them are given byGalen: Vol. XIII. 309, 312, 422, 447, 512, 560, 715, 738, 781, 787, 824, 828, 831, 833, 837, 840.430Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28. Comp.Galen, Defin. med. (XIX. p. 444.).Oribasius, Synops. VII. ch. 39., Collect. bk. XLV. ch. 12., bk. L. ch. 7. (in Mai loco cit. p. 43, p. 186).Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3., serm. 4. ch. 105.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59., bk. VI. chs. 58, 71.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 197.Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25. sect. 194., θύμος, ὐπέρυθρος ἔκφυσις, τραχεῖα, ἔναιμος, οὐ δυσαφαίρετος, μάλιστα περὶ αἰδοῖα καὶ δακτύλιον καὶ παραμήρια· ἔστὶ δ’ὅτε καὶ ἐπὶ προσώπῳ. (θύμος,—thymus, a reddish outgrowth, rough, suffused with blood, not difficult to remove, occurring chiefly on the genital organs and anus and insides of the thighs; but sometimes on the face too).Marcellus, ch. 33.Myrepsus, XXXVIII. ch. 157.431Hippocrates, De ulcer. Vol. III. p. 319., shows a knowledge of them very uncommon so early as his time.432Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28. ch. 1.Galen, Defin. med. (XIX. p. 444.)Oribasius, Collect. bk. XLV. ch. 11. ch. 14. (Mai loco cit. 41, 43.)Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3., serm. 4. ch. 105.Paulus Aegineta, bk. IV. ch. 15., bk. VI. ch. 87.Actuarius, bk. II. ch. 11., bk. IV. ch. 15., bk. VI. ch. 9.Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25, sect. 195.433Galen, Method. med. bk. XIV. ch. 17. (X. p. 1011.).434Perhaps some weight should be attached to the fact that the ancient physicians recommend as remedies against ulcers of the nose and mouth exactly the same means as they employed in cases of ulcer of the genitals. Comp.Celsusbk. VI. ch. 18.435Celsus, bk. VI. ch. 8., bk. VII. ch. 11.Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. III. ch. 3. (XII. 678.).Oribasius, De loc. affect. Vol. IV. chs. 45, 46.Aëtius, Tetrab. II. serm. 2. chs. 90, 91, 93.Paulus Aeginetabk. III. ch. 23.Alexander of Trallesbk. III. ch. 8.Caelius Aurelianusmorb. chron. bk. II. ch. 1.Actuarius, Method. med. bk. II. ch. 8., bk. VI. ch. 4.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 93.Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25. sect. 204. The remark ofGalen, Isagog. ch. 20. (XIV. p. 792.), is interesting thatfalling way of the nosefrom the palate gives sufferers an apelike look, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐξ ὑπερώας μεσίζῃ ἡ ῥὶς, ὥς φησι, σιμοῦνται ἀθεραπεύτως,—(but if the nose separates from the palate, they get flat-nosed, as they say, like monkeys,—incurable.) A specialnasal syringe, rhynenchytes, is mentioned byCaelius Aurelianus, Chron. bk. I. ch. 4., bk. III. ch. 2. Comp.Calmasius, Ad Solin p. 274.436Johannes Moschus, Pratum spirituale (Meadow of the Soul) ch. 14. in Magna Bibliotheca veterum Patrum (Great Library of the Ancient Fathers) Vol. XIII. Paris 1644. fol., p. 1062. Ὁ Ἀββᾶς Πολυχρόνιος πάλιν ἡμῖν διηγήσατο, ἡμῖν λέγων, ὅτι ἐν τῷ κοινοβίω τοῦ Πενθουκλὰ, ἀδελφὸς ἦν πάνυ προσέχων αὑτὸν καὶ ἀσκητής· ἐπολεμήθη δὲ εἰς πορνείαν, καὶ μὴ εἰσενεγκὼν τὸν πολέμον, ἐξῆλθεν τοῦ μοναστηρίου καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς Ἰεριχὼ πληρῶσαι τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτοῦ·καὶ ὡς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ καταγώγιον τῆς πορνείας, εὐθέως ἐλεπρούθη ὅλως· καὶ θεασάμενος ἑαυτὸν ἐν τοιούτῳ σχήματι, εὐθέως ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸ μοναστήριον αὐτοῦ, εὐχαριστῶν τῷ θεῷ καὶ λέγων, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἐπήγαμέν μοι τὴν τοιαύτην νόσον, ἵνα ἡ ψυχή μου σωθῇ. (The Abbot Polychronius again related an incident to us, telling us how in the Monastery of Penthula there was a brother well self-disciplined and ascetic. But he was sorely tempted to fornication, and unable to fight the temptation, he went forth from the Monastery and departed to Jericho to fulfil his desire; and when heentered into the common house of fornication, straightway he became leprous all over. And when he saw himself in such a case, straightway he returned to his Monastery, blessing God and saying, “God hath brought down this disease upon me, that my soul might be saved”).437Galen, De locis affect. bk. II. ch. 8. (VIII. pp. 91, 104.). τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ τὰ ὀστέα προστυπεῖς εὑρήσεις, ὡς αὐτῶν δοκεῖν τῶν ὀστέων ὄντας· ... ὅτι δ’οἱ τῶν περικειμένων τοῖς ὀστοῖς ὑμένων πόνοι βύθιοί τ’εἰσὶν, τοῦτ’ ἔστι διὰ βάθους τοῦ σώματος ἐπιφέροντες αἴσθησιν, αὐτῶν τε τῶν ὀστῶν ἐπάγουσιν φαντασίαν ὡς ὀδυνωμένων, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν· ὀνομάζουσι γοῦν αὐτοὺςὀστοκόπουςοἱ πλεῖστοι, γίνονται τὰ πολλὰ μὲν ἐπὶ γυμνασίοις, ἔστιν ὅτι δὲ καὶ διὰ ψύξιν, ἢ πλῆθος. (Now you will find patients suffering from pains in the parts surrounding the bones inclined to suppose they are suffering from the bones themselves.... And it is not at all surprising that pains in the membranes that lie about the bones being deep-seated, that is giving a sensation of being deep-seated in the body, make patients imagine it is the bones themselves that suffer. In fact they call them generally bone-racking pains; and they are set up as a rule after bodily exercises, but also sometimes as a consequence of cold or heat).438Natalis Comes, Mythologia bk. III. p. 383., Deinde dicta (Cyprus)Cerastia, ut inquit Xenagoras in libro secundo de insulis, quod illam homines habitarent,qui multos tumores, tanquam cornua quaedam in capitibus habereviderentur, cum cornua κέρατα dicta sint a Graecis et κεράσται cornuti. (Then it (Cyprus) was also namedCerastia, as Xenagoras says in his second Book “On Islands”, because its inhabitantsoften had protuberances that looked like horns on their heads, for horns are called κέρατα in Greek, and those having horns κεράσται. Comp.Stephanus, De urbibus, under word Κύπρος, and Σφήκεια.Tzetzes, in Lycophron. Cassandr. 474. p. 173., ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ καὶ Κεραστία, ὡς μὲν Ἀνδροκλῆς ἐν τῷ περὶ Κύπρου λέγει, διὰ τὸἐνοικῆσαι αὐτῇ ἄνδρας, οἳ εἶχον κέρατα· ὡς δὲ Ξεναγόρας ἐν τῷ περὶ Νήσων, διὰτὸ ἔχειν πολλὰς ἐξοχὰς, ἃς κέρατα καλοῦσι, Κεραστία ὠνομάσθη. (And it was also called Κεραστία, according to Androcles in his Book “On Cyprus”,because men lived in it who had horns; but according to Xenagoras in his “On Islands”, because they had many protuberances, which they call horns, for this reason it was named Κεραστία). Even supposing the etymology to be a fable, is the fact therefore on which it was based bound to be mythical too? AgainPollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25., says, Κέρατα, ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τῶν κεράτων περὶ τὸ μέτωπουπωρώδεις ἐκφύσης, (horns,—a sort of callous outgrowthsat the place where horns grow on the forehead). The words succeeding περὶ τὸ δέρμα (on the skin) are no doubt more appropriately taken with ἕρπης (creeping eruption) that comes next after them. InSextus Placitus Papyriensis, ch. XI. 5. we read: Elephantis stercus illitum omnes tumores emendat, etduritias, quae in fronte nascuntur, mire tollit, (Elephant’s dung rubbed on cures all swellings, and removes in a wonderful way thecallosities that grow on the forehead), but this really and truly can only be held applicable to cutaneous tubercles.)

351Hippocrates, De nat. muliebr. Vol. II. p. 586., ἀφθήσῃ τὰ αἰδοῖα (the privates affected with aphthae). De morb. muliebr. bk. II. Vol. II. p. 614.

352Galen, Method. med. bk. XIII. ch. 11. (X. p. 903.), ἀντισπᾶν γὰρ χρὴ τῶν ἀρχομένων ῥευματίζεσθαι παρρωτάτω τὸ περιττὸν, οὐχ ἕλκειν ἐπ’αὐτὰ· κατὰ τοῦτον οὖν τὸν λόγον οὐδὲ γαστρὸς οὐδ’ ἐντέρων ἀρξαμένων φλεγμαίνειν ὑπηλάτῳ χρῆσθαι προσήκει· τὴν δ’ αὐτὴν ἔνδειξιν ἔχει τούτοις μὲν μήτρα τοῖς ὀργάνοις αἰδοῖα· τό γε μὴν ἐμέτοις χρῆσθαι τῶν αἰδοίων πεπονθότων ἀντισπαστικόν ἐστὶ βούθημα. (For what is necessary is to reject the excess as far as may be from the parts that are beginning to be congested, not to draw it towards them. Therefore in accordance with this reasoning neither in the case of belly nor of intestines, when these have begun to be inflamed, is it expedient to employ purging medicine; also the same indication as in the case of these organs holds good for womb, and private parts. The treatment when the privates are attacked is revulsory, viz. the use of emetics).

353Galen, loco citato p. 904., ἐπὶ δὲ νεφρῶν καὶ κύστεος αἰδοίου τε καὶ μήτρας τὰς ἐν τοῖς σκέλεσι, μάλιστα μὲν τὰς κατὰ τὴν ἰγνύαν, εἰ δὲ μὴ, τὰς παρὰ σφυρόν (In complaints of the kidneys and bladder, of the privates and womb, bleedings on the legs, and particularly in the hollow of the knee, or otherwise at the ankle).

354Oribasius, Medicin. collect. bk. IX. ch. 24., Pudendis incommoda sunt pinguia, prosunt autem adstringentia. (Fatty matters are prejudicial to the privates, astringents on the contrary are of advantage).

355Galen, De medicam. sec. loc. compos. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 315.), τὰ δ’ἐν αἰδοίοις ἕλκη καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἕδραν χωρὶς φλεγμονῆς ὄντα ξηραινόντων πάνυ δεῖται φαρμάκων. (Now ulcers on the privates and about the fundament, if free from the phlegmonous condition, require dessicative drugs above all). Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 381.).

356Galen, loco citato pp. 317, 383.—Oribasius, Synops. bk. IX. ch. 38.

357Galen, Method. med. bk. X. ch. 9. (X. p. 702.).—Aëtius, Tetrab. II. serm. 1. ch. 91.

358Galen, De compos. medic. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 316.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.OribasiusDe loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 102.

359Galen, loco citato p. 316.Paulus Aegineta, loco citato. Oribasius, loco citato.

360Galen, loco citato p. 317.

361Galen, loco citato p. 316. De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. X. (XII. p. 235.).Paulus Aegineta, loco cit.Oribasius, loco cit.

362Galen, De simplic. medic. temperam, ac. facult. bk. X. ch. 2. (XII. p. 268.).

363Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 382.), De composit. medic. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p, 316.).Paulus Aegineta, loco cit.Aëtius, Tetrab. I. serm. 1.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 195.

364Galen, De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. p. 822.).Aëtius, loco cit.

365Oribasius, De virtute simplicium bk. II., under word “Molibdos”,—lead.

366Hippocrates, De natura muliebri Vol. II. p. 586.

367Galen, De composit. med. sec. loc. bk. VII. (XIII. p. 36.).

368Galen, loco cit. p. 316., Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 382.), De simplic. medicam. temperam. ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. p. 832.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.Oribasius, De loc. affect. IV. 102. Collect. IX. 24.Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 195.

369Orpheus de lapidibus XVIII. 33.,ἀνδρός τ’αἰδοίων ἄκος ἔσσεται, ὅς κε πίῃσι.(And it shall be a cure of the privates of a man, whosoever shall drink thereof).

369Orpheus de lapidibus XVIII. 33.,

ἀνδρός τ’αἰδοίων ἄκος ἔσσεται, ὅς κε πίῃσι.

(And it shall be a cure of the privates of a man, whosoever shall drink thereof).

370Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 363.).

371Galen, De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. X. (XII. p. 285.).

372Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.Oribasius, Collect. bk. IX. ch. 24.Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 195.

373Paulus Aegineta, bk. IV. ch. 44.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 17.

374Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 24. Collect. L. ch. 9.

375Hippocrates, Coac. praenot. Vol. I. p. 389., Aphorism. Vol. III. p. 752.Galen, Method. med. bk. III. ch. 1. (X. p. 161.).

376Galen, Method. med. bk. XIV. ch. 15. (X. p. 1001 sqq.).

377Galen, loco cit. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. p. 381.), De simplic. medic. temperam. ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. pp. 832, 806.).

378Paulus Aegineta, bk. VI. ch. 57.

379Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15 (X. p. 381.),Aëtius, Tetrab. III. 2. ch. 15., recommended drawing the prepuce forwards in micturition, so as to make the urine flow between the foreskin and glans penis, by which means the ulcers and fissures are readily cured.

380Galen, Method. med. bk. V. ch. 15. (X. 381.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. 59.Oribasius, Synops. IX. 37.Marcellus Empiricus, ch. 33.

381Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3.

382Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 17.

383Actuarius, Method. med. II. ch. 12.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 18.Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, ch. V. 2. V. 43.Theodor. PriscianusI. 25.

384Galen, Isag. ch. 16. (XIV. p. 777.).

385Galen, De temperam. 4. (I. p. 532.).

386Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 26. 206., θηρίωμα, γίνεται μὲν ἕλκος περὶ ἀνδρῶν αἰδοῖα, ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ περὶ δακτύλους[read δακτυλιους], καὶ ἀλλὰχοῦ, αἷμα πολὺ καὶ μέλαν καὶ δυσῶδες ἀφιὲν μετὰ μελανίας τὴν σάρκα ἀνεσθίον. (θηρίωμα,—malignant sore, is an ulcer affecting men’s privates, as well as sometimes the fingers (? the anus), and other parts, discharging much black evil-smelling blood, accompanied with black colour and eating away the flesh).

387Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, XV. 3.

388Galen, Isagog. ch. 11. (XIV. p. 719.), ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶν ἡ ὑστέρα ἔοικεν ὀσχῇ ἀνεστραμμένῃ, (but in women the vagina is like a scrotum inverted), though in accordance with what comes next the uterus may also by understood to be here intended. Commentar. in Hippocrat. De Alimento (XV. p. 326.), περὶ δὲ τῆς ὑστέρας ὀλίγα ῥηθήσεται· καὶ πρῶτον μὲν, πότερον ὑστέρον ἢ μήτραν κλητέον ἐστὶ τὸ μόριον ἐκεῖνο, ὃ πρὸς τὴν κύησιν ἔδωκε φύσις ταῖς γυναιξὶν, οὐδὲν διαφέρει. (Now about the vagina we shall not say much. However first of all we may remark as to the question whether we should name the part which nature has given to women for connection ὑστέρος or μήτρα, that this is a matter of indifference). Moreover the Physicians use κόλπος (fold, bosom), e.g.Galen, De tumoribus praeter naturam ch. 4. (VII. p. 717.) for the vaginal canal, as the Romans didsinus(fold, bosom) in Latin.

389Celsus, bk. V. ch. 25.Marcellus, De medic, ch. 7. 17.Sextus Placitus PapyriensisII. 7., XV. 2., XXXI. 12.L. Apuleius, De herb. XLIX. 1., LXXIV. 3., CXXI. 2.

390Celsus, bk. V. 28. 25.Galen, Vol. II. p. 150., X. p. 993. XI. p. 9. 1001., XVI. p. 180., XVII. B. pp. 274, 855., XIX., p. 428,Oribasius, De virt. simpl. bk. II. 1. under word “Leucoion”, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 112.Aëtius, Tetrab. I. serm. 1. under word “Leucoion”, Tetrab. IV. serm. 4. ch. 83.Actuarius, Method. med. bk. VI. chs. 8, 9.

391Aretaeus, De sign. chron. bk. II. ch. 11.

392Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 4. chs. 88-94.

393The uterine speculum is mentioned byAëtiusalso chs. 86, 88. and its use described; as also byPaulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 65., bk. VI. ch. 73., and for the examination of the rectum, bk. VI. ch. 78.

394Galen, De loc. affect. bk. VI. ch. 5. (VIII. p. 436.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. chs. 59, 75.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 15., serm. 4. ch. 107.

395Hippocrates, De natura muliebri Vol. II. pp. 586, (588), 591., De morbis mulier. bk. II. Vol. II. 878.

396Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 206., distinguishes between ῥυπάρον ἕλκος, νομὴ μετὰ φλεγμονῆς (foul ulcer, eating sore with inflammation) and ἄνευ φλεγμονῆς νομή (eating sore without inflammation); as doesPaulus Aegin., bk. III. ch. 66.

397By means of the uterine syringe, μητρεγχύτης.Galen, Synopsis medic. sec. loc. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 316.).Oribasius, Collect. medic. bk. X. ch. 25.

398Celsus, bk. VII. ch. 28.Pliny, Histor. nat. XXX. 4.Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, XXXII. 2.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 73.

399Cedrenus, Σύνοψις ἱστορικὴ (Historical Survey), edit. J. Goar and H. Fabrot, Paris 1647. fol., p. 266. In Diocletian’s time when persecutions of the Christians were general, a fair and modest maiden was charged with having spoken disrespectfully of the gods; for punishment she was sent to a brothel with the order that she must reimburse the brothel-keeper three shillings a day. The latter was to make her serve as a prostitute, and she was to receive all who wished to go with her. Account however was taken of the fact that she declaredshe had an ulcer on her privates, and this obliged them to wait till it was cured (προσφασιζομένη ἕλκος ἔχειν ἐπὶ κρυπτοῦ τόπου καὶ τούτου ἀπαλλαγὴν ἐκδέξασθαι) (pretexting she had an ulcer in a secret place, and must wait for its removal). The same story is told byPalladius, Hist. lausiac. ch. 148., as having happened at Corinth, who calls the ulcer an evil-smelling one, that might easily stir the repugnance of her visitors against the girl, (λέγουσα, ὅτι ἕλκος ἔχω τι εἰς κεκρυμμένον τόπον, ὅπερ ἐσχάτως ὄζει, καὶ δέδοικα μὴ εἰς μῖσός μου ἔηθητε τῷ ἀποτροπαίῳ τοῦ ἕλκους· ἔνδοτε οὖν μοι ὀλίγας ἡμέρας καὶ ἐξουσίαν μου ἔχετε καὶ δωρεάν με ἔχειν,)—(saying “I have an ulcer in a secret part, which smells very ill, and I fear you may come to feel repugnance towards me owing to the foulness of the ulcer; grant me therefore a few days, then may work your will of me and I undertake to give myself freely”). The last sentence shows clearly that the ulcer was easy to cure. Comp. Nicephorus, Hist. eccles. bk. VII. chs. 12, 13.

400Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. II. chs. 1, 2, 3, 9, 10.Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 7. (XIII. p. 315.).Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 93.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.

401Galen, Euporist. bk. I. ch. 14. (XIV. p. 382.), Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 7. (XIII. p. 315.),Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 93.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.

402Galen, Euporist. bk. I. ch. 14. (XIV. p. 382.).Oribasius, De loc. affect, bk. IV. ch. 94.

403Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IV. ch. 6. (XIII. p. 309.), ch. 7. (p. 314.), Synops. med. sec. gen. bk. V. ch. 12. (XIII. p. 837.).Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 92.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 198.

404Celsus, bk. VI. ch. 18., bk. VII. 30., bk. V. 20.Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 6. (XIII. p. 309.), Synops. med. sec. gen. bk. V. ch. 13. (XIII. p. 840.), De simplic. med. temp. ac facult. bk. IX. chs. 3, 23. (XII. p. 231.), bk. XI. ch. 1. (XII. p. 333.),Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59., bk. VI. ch. 80.Oribasius, De loc. affect. bk. IV. ch. 95.Dioscoridesbk. I. ch. 34., ch. 94.Scribonius Largus, De compos. med. ch. 223.Marcellus, ch. 31.Nonnus, Epitom. ch. 196.Isidorus, Origin. bk. IV. ch. 7.

405Aëtius, loco citato ch. 9. from Leonidas.Paulus Aegineta, bk. VI. ch. 78.

406Celsus, VI. 18.Galen, (X. p. 381.), Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 6. (XIII. p. 307.), De simplic. temperam ac facult. bk. VI. (XI. p. 821.).Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59.

407Paulus Aegineta, bk. VI. ch. 80.

408Galen, Method. med. ad Glaucon. bk. II. ch. 1. (XI. p. 77.), De tumor. praet. nat. ch. 15. (VII. p. 729.), Comment. in Hippocrat. Aphorism. (XVII. B. p. 636.).—Paulus Aegineta, bk. IV. ch. 22.Actuarius, bk. II. ch. 12.Cassius, Problem. 42.Nonnus, Epitom. 247.Heliodorus, in Mai’s Class. auctor. e Vatic. codd. edit. Vol. IV. p. 13. note 3.

409Galen, Method. med. bk. XIII. ch. 5. (X. pp. 180 sqq.). Comp.Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28.Oribasius, Sympos. bk. VII. 31., De morb. curat. bk. III. ch. 46.

410Hippocrates, De natura pueri, Vol. I. p. 390.

411Hippocrates, Epidem. bk. VI. Vol. III. p. 619.

412In reference to ανθραξGalensays, Isagog. ch. 16. (XIX. p. 777.): ἀνθράκωσις δέ ἐστιν ἕλκος ἐσχαρῶδες μετὰ νομῆς καὶῥεύματοςκαὶβουβῶνοςἐνίοτε καὶ πυρετῶν γινομένων περὶ τὸ ἄλλο πᾶν σῶμα, ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ περὶ ὀφθαλμούς. (But ἀνθράκωσις (malignant ulcer) is a scabby ulcer conjoined with eating ulcer anddischargeandbubo, as also with fevers sometimes affecting the whole body and at other times the eyes in particular).

413Galen, loco citato p. 887., ἐχούσης δὲ τῆς τοιαύτης τὸ μῆκος μεῖζον τοῦ πλάτους, ἐγκάρσιον ἔστω τὸ μῆκος ἐπὶ τοῦ Βουβῶνος, οὐ κατ’εὐθὺ τοῦ κώλου· καὶ γὰρ κατὰ φύσιν οὕτως ἐπιπτύσσεται τὸ δέρμα ἑαυτῷ, καμπτόντων τὸ κῶλον. (But such an incision having greater length than breadth, the length should be diagonally to the groin, not in the line of the direct diameter of the limb. For in this way the skin is naturally folded over itself, when patients bend the limb).

414Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, De medicamentis ex animal. ch. 1. note 14., Cervi pudenda si tecum habueris, inguina tibi non tumebunt, et si tumor antiquus fuerit, velociter recedet. (If you carry with you a stag’s genitals, your groin will never swell, and if you have a long-standing swelling, it will quickly disappear.) We must further note supplementarily thatProphylactics against female gonorrhœaappear also to have been known and used; at any rateGalen, Euporist. bk. II. ch. 26. note 37. (XIV. p.485.), cites measures against humidity of the genital organs during coition πρὸς τὸ μὴ καθυγραίνεσθαι τὸ αἰδοῖον ἐν ταῖς συνουσίαις τῶν γυναικῶν;—(to guard against the humidity of the genitals in coition amongst women), consisting in fact in unripe gall-apples, ashes and wine as a lotion, or infusion of gall-apples with sulphurated wool as a vaginal-plug, honey and nitre as an embrocation!

415Galen, Method. med. bk. II. ch. 2. (X. p. 83).

416Hippocrates, Aphorismor. Vol. III. p. 742., De liquidorum usu Vol. II. p. 163.

417Galen, Synops. medic. sec. loc. bk. IX. ch. 8. (XIII. p. 317).

418Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28.Oribasius, De morb. crat. bk. III. ch. 54. Synops. bk. VII. ch. 37, ch. 42., Collect, bk. XLIV. ch. 11. Mai loco cit. p. 31.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 61.Paulus Aeginetabk. IV. ch. 9.

419Hippocrates, Prorrhet. bk. II. Vol. I. p. 204.

420Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 15.

421Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 20.

422Galen, Definit. medic. Vol. XIX. p. 446.

423Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3.

424Oribasius, Synops. medic. sec. loc. bk. V. ch. 4. (XII. p. 823.).Aëtius, Tetrab. II. serm. 4. ch. 14.

425Oribasius, Synops. bk. VII. ch. 40.Aëtius, loco citato.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 3.

426Marcellus, De medic. ch. 31., gives prescriptions “ad ficos qui in locis verecundioribus nascuntur,” (for fig-like swellings that occur in the more private parts).Nonnus, Epit. 214.

427Aspasia, De natura mulier. Vol. II. p. 588., De morb. mulier. bk. II. Vol. II. p. 879. The Etymologicum Magnum under the word explains κίων by ἀπὸ τοῦ κίειν καὶ ἀνίεναι εἰς ὕψος (so called from its going upwards and rising to a height). Comp.Phil. Ingrassias, De tumor. praet. natur. p. 273.

428Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 4. ch. 106.

429Celsus, bk. VI. ch. 18.Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59., bk. IV. ch. 15., bk. VI. ch. 80.Sextus Placitus Papyriensis, XI. 7.Apuleius, De herb. LXXX. 8. A large number of remedies against them are given byGalen: Vol. XIII. 309, 312, 422, 447, 512, 560, 715, 738, 781, 787, 824, 828, 831, 833, 837, 840.

430Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28. Comp.Galen, Defin. med. (XIX. p. 444.).Oribasius, Synops. VII. ch. 39., Collect. bk. XLV. ch. 12., bk. L. ch. 7. (in Mai loco cit. p. 43, p. 186).Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3., serm. 4. ch. 105.Paulus Aegineta, bk. III. ch. 59., bk. VI. chs. 58, 71.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 197.Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25. sect. 194., θύμος, ὐπέρυθρος ἔκφυσις, τραχεῖα, ἔναιμος, οὐ δυσαφαίρετος, μάλιστα περὶ αἰδοῖα καὶ δακτύλιον καὶ παραμήρια· ἔστὶ δ’ὅτε καὶ ἐπὶ προσώπῳ. (θύμος,—thymus, a reddish outgrowth, rough, suffused with blood, not difficult to remove, occurring chiefly on the genital organs and anus and insides of the thighs; but sometimes on the face too).Marcellus, ch. 33.Myrepsus, XXXVIII. ch. 157.

431Hippocrates, De ulcer. Vol. III. p. 319., shows a knowledge of them very uncommon so early as his time.

432Celsus, bk. V. ch. 28. ch. 1.Galen, Defin. med. (XIX. p. 444.)Oribasius, Collect. bk. XLV. ch. 11. ch. 14. (Mai loco cit. 41, 43.)Aëtius, Tetrab. IV. serm. 2. ch. 3., serm. 4. ch. 105.Paulus Aegineta, bk. IV. ch. 15., bk. VI. ch. 87.Actuarius, bk. II. ch. 11., bk. IV. ch. 15., bk. VI. ch. 9.Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25, sect. 195.

433Galen, Method. med. bk. XIV. ch. 17. (X. p. 1011.).

434Perhaps some weight should be attached to the fact that the ancient physicians recommend as remedies against ulcers of the nose and mouth exactly the same means as they employed in cases of ulcer of the genitals. Comp.Celsusbk. VI. ch. 18.

435Celsus, bk. VI. ch. 8., bk. VII. ch. 11.Galen, Synops. med. sec. loc. bk. III. ch. 3. (XII. 678.).Oribasius, De loc. affect. Vol. IV. chs. 45, 46.Aëtius, Tetrab. II. serm. 2. chs. 90, 91, 93.Paulus Aeginetabk. III. ch. 23.Alexander of Trallesbk. III. ch. 8.Caelius Aurelianusmorb. chron. bk. II. ch. 1.Actuarius, Method. med. bk. II. ch. 8., bk. VI. ch. 4.Nonnus, Epit. ch. 93.Pollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25. sect. 204. The remark ofGalen, Isagog. ch. 20. (XIV. p. 792.), is interesting thatfalling way of the nosefrom the palate gives sufferers an apelike look, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐξ ὑπερώας μεσίζῃ ἡ ῥὶς, ὥς φησι, σιμοῦνται ἀθεραπεύτως,—(but if the nose separates from the palate, they get flat-nosed, as they say, like monkeys,—incurable.) A specialnasal syringe, rhynenchytes, is mentioned byCaelius Aurelianus, Chron. bk. I. ch. 4., bk. III. ch. 2. Comp.Calmasius, Ad Solin p. 274.

436Johannes Moschus, Pratum spirituale (Meadow of the Soul) ch. 14. in Magna Bibliotheca veterum Patrum (Great Library of the Ancient Fathers) Vol. XIII. Paris 1644. fol., p. 1062. Ὁ Ἀββᾶς Πολυχρόνιος πάλιν ἡμῖν διηγήσατο, ἡμῖν λέγων, ὅτι ἐν τῷ κοινοβίω τοῦ Πενθουκλὰ, ἀδελφὸς ἦν πάνυ προσέχων αὑτὸν καὶ ἀσκητής· ἐπολεμήθη δὲ εἰς πορνείαν, καὶ μὴ εἰσενεγκὼν τὸν πολέμον, ἐξῆλθεν τοῦ μοναστηρίου καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς Ἰεριχὼ πληρῶσαι τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτοῦ·καὶ ὡς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ καταγώγιον τῆς πορνείας, εὐθέως ἐλεπρούθη ὅλως· καὶ θεασάμενος ἑαυτὸν ἐν τοιούτῳ σχήματι, εὐθέως ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸ μοναστήριον αὐτοῦ, εὐχαριστῶν τῷ θεῷ καὶ λέγων, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἐπήγαμέν μοι τὴν τοιαύτην νόσον, ἵνα ἡ ψυχή μου σωθῇ. (The Abbot Polychronius again related an incident to us, telling us how in the Monastery of Penthula there was a brother well self-disciplined and ascetic. But he was sorely tempted to fornication, and unable to fight the temptation, he went forth from the Monastery and departed to Jericho to fulfil his desire; and when heentered into the common house of fornication, straightway he became leprous all over. And when he saw himself in such a case, straightway he returned to his Monastery, blessing God and saying, “God hath brought down this disease upon me, that my soul might be saved”).

437Galen, De locis affect. bk. II. ch. 8. (VIII. pp. 91, 104.). τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ τὰ ὀστέα προστυπεῖς εὑρήσεις, ὡς αὐτῶν δοκεῖν τῶν ὀστέων ὄντας· ... ὅτι δ’οἱ τῶν περικειμένων τοῖς ὀστοῖς ὑμένων πόνοι βύθιοί τ’εἰσὶν, τοῦτ’ ἔστι διὰ βάθους τοῦ σώματος ἐπιφέροντες αἴσθησιν, αὐτῶν τε τῶν ὀστῶν ἐπάγουσιν φαντασίαν ὡς ὀδυνωμένων, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν· ὀνομάζουσι γοῦν αὐτοὺςὀστοκόπουςοἱ πλεῖστοι, γίνονται τὰ πολλὰ μὲν ἐπὶ γυμνασίοις, ἔστιν ὅτι δὲ καὶ διὰ ψύξιν, ἢ πλῆθος. (Now you will find patients suffering from pains in the parts surrounding the bones inclined to suppose they are suffering from the bones themselves.... And it is not at all surprising that pains in the membranes that lie about the bones being deep-seated, that is giving a sensation of being deep-seated in the body, make patients imagine it is the bones themselves that suffer. In fact they call them generally bone-racking pains; and they are set up as a rule after bodily exercises, but also sometimes as a consequence of cold or heat).

438Natalis Comes, Mythologia bk. III. p. 383., Deinde dicta (Cyprus)Cerastia, ut inquit Xenagoras in libro secundo de insulis, quod illam homines habitarent,qui multos tumores, tanquam cornua quaedam in capitibus habereviderentur, cum cornua κέρατα dicta sint a Graecis et κεράσται cornuti. (Then it (Cyprus) was also namedCerastia, as Xenagoras says in his second Book “On Islands”, because its inhabitantsoften had protuberances that looked like horns on their heads, for horns are called κέρατα in Greek, and those having horns κεράσται. Comp.Stephanus, De urbibus, under word Κύπρος, and Σφήκεια.Tzetzes, in Lycophron. Cassandr. 474. p. 173., ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ καὶ Κεραστία, ὡς μὲν Ἀνδροκλῆς ἐν τῷ περὶ Κύπρου λέγει, διὰ τὸἐνοικῆσαι αὐτῇ ἄνδρας, οἳ εἶχον κέρατα· ὡς δὲ Ξεναγόρας ἐν τῷ περὶ Νήσων, διὰτὸ ἔχειν πολλὰς ἐξοχὰς, ἃς κέρατα καλοῦσι, Κεραστία ὠνομάσθη. (And it was also called Κεραστία, according to Androcles in his Book “On Cyprus”,because men lived in it who had horns; but according to Xenagoras in his “On Islands”, because they had many protuberances, which they call horns, for this reason it was named Κεραστία). Even supposing the etymology to be a fable, is the fact therefore on which it was based bound to be mythical too? AgainPollux, Onomast. bk. IV. ch. 25., says, Κέρατα, ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τῶν κεράτων περὶ τὸ μέτωπουπωρώδεις ἐκφύσης, (horns,—a sort of callous outgrowthsat the place where horns grow on the forehead). The words succeeding περὶ τὸ δέρμα (on the skin) are no doubt more appropriately taken with ἕρπης (creeping eruption) that comes next after them. InSextus Placitus Papyriensis, ch. XI. 5. we read: Elephantis stercus illitum omnes tumores emendat, etduritias, quae in fronte nascuntur, mire tollit, (Elephant’s dung rubbed on cures all swellings, and removes in a wonderful way thecallosities that grow on the forehead), but this really and truly can only be held applicable to cutaneous tubercles.)

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