ON THE GREAT WAR.
(5) Books dealing with the great war are numerous. The following have been already noticed among the authorities for volume x.: Dr.Holland Rose,Life of Napoleon I.(2 vols., 1904), our most trustworthy guide for the career of the French emperor. The book has gained not a little from its author's independent researches at the British Foreign Office. CaptainMahan,Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire(2 vols., 1893), andLife of Nelson(2 vols., 1897), valuable for their general view of the naval warfare and commercial policy of the period.James,Naval History of Great Britain, 1793-1820(6 vols., ed. 1826; vols. iii.-vi. extend from 1801-1820), very full and accurate, largely used in this volume for the American war. SirJohn Laughton,Nelson(English Men of Action Series, 1895), and articles in theDictionary of National Biography.
To these must be addedAlison'sHistory of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in 1789 to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815(20 vols., 1847, 1848), an uncritical but still a standard work. The reaction against Alison is probably due in large measure to political causes. In addition to the European history whichgives its title to the book, it contains a narrative of the American war of 1812-1814. The classical though far from trustworthy narrative on the French side isThiers,Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire(21 vols., 1845-1869), translated into English by Campbell and Stebbing (12 vols., 1893-1894). See alsoLanfrey'sincompleteHistory of Napoleon I., English translation (4 vols., 1871-1879), bitterly anti-Napoleonic. The negotiations precedent to the outbreak of war in 1803 are to be found in Mr.O. Browning'sEngland and Napoleon in 1803, containing despatches of Whitworth and others, published in 1887, and inP. Coquelle,Napoleon and England, 1803-1813, translated byG. D. Knox(1904), based on the reports of Andréossy, the French ambassador at London. SirH. Bunbury'sNarrative of Certain Passages, etc.(1853) is of the highest value for the war in the Mediterranean. TheTimesof September 16, 19, 22, 26, 28, 30, and October 19, 1905, contains an excellent series of articles on Nelson's tactics at Trafalgar. For the Moscow campaign, the Marquisde Chambray'sHistoire de l'Expédition de Russie(3 vols., 1839) is perhaps the most reliable of contemporary narratives. There is a good account of the campaign in the Rev.H. B. George'sNapoleon's Invasion of Russia(1899). For the Peninsular war,W. Napier'sHistory of the War in the Peninsula and in the South of France(6 vols.; vols. i.-iii., ed. 1835-1840; iv.-vi., 1834-1840) is of the highest literary as well as historical value.C. Oman'sHistory of the Peninsular War(in progress, vols. i., ii., 1902-1903, extending at present to September, 1809) makes good use of Spanish sources of information. TheWellington Dispatcheshave been noticed already in section 3. TheDiary of Sir John Moore, edited by Sir J. F. Maurice (2 vols., 1904), is of value for the campaign of 1808-1809. For Waterloo, in addition to Maxwell'sLife of Wellington, and Rose'sLife of Napoleon I., Chesney'sWaterloo Lectures, 1868;W. O'Connor Morris,The Campaign of 1815(1900), andJ. C. Ropes,The Campaign of Waterloo, may be studied with profit. Morris's work must, however, be discounted for his extravagant admiration of Napoleon's genius and his faith in the Grouchy legend. For the disputes with the United States and war of 1812-1814, see chapters in theCambridge Modern History(vol. vii., 1903);Bourinot,Canada(Story of the Nations), (1897);J. Schouler,History of the United States of America under the Constitution(6 vols., 1880-1889); andMahan,Sea Power in Its Relations to the War of 1812(2 vols., 1905).
ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
(6) For European politics and foreign relations generally, in addition to some of the books mentioned in the last section, we haveC.A. Fyffe'sHistory of Modern Europe, 1792-1878(ed. 1895), a very readable book, which includes the results of some original study, andSeignobos,Political History of Contemporary Europe, English translation (2 vols., 1901), an useful but not always accurate book. The great French work,Histoire générale du IVeSiècle à nos jours(vols. ix., x., 1897-1898), by numerous authors, edited by MM. Lavisse and Rambaud, is naturally of varying merit; the chapters on France and Russia are the best, and there is a very full bibliography at the close of each chapter. TheCambridge Modern History, vol. ix.,Napoleon(1906), is a similar compilation by English writers.Alfred Stern'sGeschichte Europas seit den Verträgen von 1815(3 vols., 1894-1901, to be continued to 1871) is perhaps the best general history of the period following the great war.The Memoirs of Prince Metternich(5 vols., English translation, 1881-1882, edited by Prince Richard Metternich, extending to 1835) contain much that is valuable for diplomatic history. For French history seeDuvergier de Hauranne,Histoire du gouvernement parlementaire en France(1814-1848, 10 vols., 1857-1872), which, in spite of the title, does not extend beyond 1830. For the Greek revolt, vols. vi. and vii. ofG. Finlay'sHistory of Greece(7 vols., ed. 1877) are important. American policy is treated byJ. W. Foster,A Century of American Diplomacy(1901). SirEdward Hertslet'sMap of Europe by Treaty(4 vols., 1875-1891), while professedly confined to the treaties dealing with boundaries, contains the majority of those of general historical interest. It covers the period 1815-1891.Le Comte de Garden,Histoire générale des traités de paix(14 vols., 1848-1888, vols. vi.-xv., extending to 1814), andF. de Martens,Recueil des traités et conventions, conclus par la Russie(tomes xi., xii. (Angleterre), 1895-1898), contain the principal treaties belonging to the period. TheCastlereaghandWellingtonDespatcheshave been noticed under section 3.
(7) For Indian history:James MillandWilson,History of British India(10 vols., 1858), vols. vi.-ix., noticed as an authority for volume x., ends in 1835; SirAlfred C. Lyall'sRise and Expansion of the British Dominion in India(1894) contains a brief and masterly sketch of the subject. See alsoA Selection from the Despatches, Treaties and Other Papers of the Marquess Wellesley(1877), well edited by S. J. Owen; the first two series of theWellington Dispatches, noticed under section 3; and the vast mass of information collected in SirW. W. Hunter'sImperial Gazetteer of India(14 vols., 1885-1887).
(8) For social and economic history: Dr.W. Cunningham'sTheGrowth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times, vol. iii.,Laissez Faire(1903), extending from 1776 to 1850, is now the standard work. Reference has also been made toG. R. Porter,Progress of the Nation(1847), a work abounding more in statistics than in narrative, and to SirGeorge Nicholls,History of the English Poor Law(2 vols., 1854). Nicholls took an active interest in social and economic questions from 1816 till his death in 1857. He probably understood the working of the poor-law better than any other man of that date, and the poor-law legislation of 1834 and 1838 was largely founded on his suggestions. He was one of the poor-law commissioners of 1834, and was permanent secretary to the poor-law board from 1847 to 1851. SirG. C. Lewis,The Government of Dependencies(1891), edited by C. P. Lucas, andLucas,Historical Geography of the British Colonies, vols. i.-v. (1888-1901), are of value. For literary history,Saintsbury'sHistory of Nineteenth Century Literature, 1780-1895, (1896), is an excellent guide. For educational progress at Oxford University reference may be made to theReport of H.M.'s Commissioners appointed to inquire into the State, etc., of the University and Colleges of Oxford(1852), which contains a good historical summary. The report of the similar commission appointed for Cambridge hardly touches the progress of studies, and is therefore of less value to the historical student.
FOOTNOTES:[141]The dates given are, as far as possible, those of the editions used by the authors of this volume.
[141]The dates given are, as far as possible, those of the editions used by the authors of this volume.
[141]The dates given are, as far as possible, those of the editions used by the authors of this volume.
1. ADDINGTON,March, 1801.
2. PITT,May, 1804.
3. GRENVILLE,February, 1806.
4. PORTLAND,March, 1807.
5. PERCEVAL,October, 1809.
6. LIVERPOOL,June, 1812
7. CANNING,April, 1827.
8. GODERICH,September, 1827.
9. WELLINGTON,January, 1828.
10. GREY,November, 1830.
11. MELBOURNE,July, 1834.
PROVISIONAL ADMINISTRATION,November, 1834.
12. PEEL,December, 1834.
13. MELBOURNE,April, 1835.