A.Abbreviations, forms of.55-67Adhesive materials, choice.37Alaska, maps of, reuse of.17Albertype.SeePhotogelatin processes.Apparatus, photographs of, preferred to sketches.29Approval of finished drawings, features to be covered by.38ofillustrations, regulations governing.80Areas, patterns used to distinguish.23patternsused to distinguish, plate showing.62Army, Corps of Engineers of the, maps published by.15Artotype.SeePhotogelatin processes.Atlases, published, use of.15B.Base maps.SeeMaps, base.Bleaching photographic prints, method and solutions for.69Border for maps, width and use of.57-58Bristol board, kind Mid sizes used.24,66Brash and pencil drawings, materials and methods used in making.66-67,69Brushes, kinds and sizes used.66-67,71C.Celluloid transferring, process of.47requisitionsfor.47Cerotype process, description and advantages of.80-81Changes in engravings, possible kinds of.38-39,90Changes in original material, draftsman to consult author on.65Chemical elements, names and symbols of.93Chromolithography, description of.87-80Civil divisions, lettering of.53,54Coal beds, indication of thickness of.31Coast and Geodetic Survey charts, use of.15Collotype.SeePhotogelatin processes.Coloring materials, use of.26Colors, standard, for geologic maps.62-63useof, for ground-water features.21-23onoriginal geologic maps.27-28Commas, form of.54useof, in numbers.54Contours, drawing of.48-50Cooperation, mention of.13Copper, engraving on.89,90etchingin relief on, process and advantages of.75Copying methods of.46-48Corrections.SeeChanges.Cost of photo-engravings.75,78,80,81County maps, use of.15Crayons, wax, use of.26,50,51Credit for data of maps, indication of.13Crystals, drawings of, making and lettering of.70Cultural features, lettering of.53-54listof.52-53Curves, date showing.64Cuts.SeeEngravings.D.Details of a geologic map, plate showing.58Diagrams, drawing and lettering of.64featuresof, plate showing.64original, general requirements for.28-20Director of the Survey, order by.9Divisions of plates and figures, serial letters and numbers for.12Drafting table, shadowless, description of.47-48shadowless, use of.29,48,50Draftsmen, detail of, to aid author.9detailof, to prepare base maps.13-14experienceand reading required by.41-42generaltreatment of material by.42-43Drainage features, depiction of.51-52Drawing instruments, list of.42Drawing materials, kinds used.23-26,66-67,69,71Drawings, authors', draftsmen may aid in making.9authors', editorial revision of.38finished, general requirements for.41-42requestsfor photographs of.34Duplicates of engravings, charges for.38E.Effectiveness of illustrations, elements that produce.7,30Electrotypes of engravings, charges for.38Elements, chemical, names and symbols of.93Engraving on stone, process of.89-90See alsoLithography.Engravings, changes in.38-39original, time of keeping.37Erasers, injury to paper by.67kindsused.25,67-68Erasures, smoothing paper after.68Explanations on maps, arrangement and lettering of.19,58-50F.Figures, differences from plates.10-11divisionsof, serial letters for.12methodsof inserting, plate showing.12Formations, geologic, use of letter symbols for.20-21Fossils.SeeSpecimens.Four-color process, advantage of.80G.Gas wells, symbols for.21Generalization, true, meaning of.17Geographic tables and formulas (Bull. 650), use of.44,45Geologic periods of time, names of.92Gouache, use of.67,69Great Lakes surveys, maps published by.15Greek letters, forms, names, and English sounds of.93Ground-water features, symbols representing.21-23H.Hachuring, use of.50Half-tone engraving, preparation of copy for.77-78processand advantages of.75-78three-color process of.78-80Half tones, changes in.39printsof, showing effects produced by different screens.56requirementsfor printing.11Heliotype.SeePhotogelatin processes.Hill shading, use of.60-51Hydrographic features, lettering of.54representationof.51-52Hypsographic features, lettering of.54I.Illustrations, kinds of.10-11Inks, kinds used.25,67methodsof using.25Inserting plates and figures, methods of, plate showing.12Instruments, draftsmen's, list of.42J.Japanese transparent water colors, use of.26L.Land Office maps, scales and detail of.14-15Latitude, length of 1° of, at intervals of 10°.91Lending of photographs and drawings, rules governing.34Letter symbols, use of, on geologic maps.20-21Lettering, directions for.53-55forlithographing.90fornames of streams.52,54ondiagrams.64ondrawings of crystals.70onoriginal maps.19onplans and cross sections of mines.65-66reductionsheet used in, plate showing.54useof type for.54-55Light, direction and gradation of.66Lithographs, printing and insertion of.11Lithography, original process of.83-85See alsoEngraving on stone.Longitude, length of 1° of, at latitudes 0° to 90°.91M.Map of the world, millionth-scale, use of, for base maps.14Maps, areal patterns for, drawing of.61-62barscales for.59-60base, conventional symbols used on.45-46includingnew data, how obtained.13-14indicationof sources on.13ofthe United States on small scales, use of.15publishedmaps available for.14-17reuseof, to be approved.13blackand whits, patterns used on, plate showing.62bordersfor.57-68culturalfeatures on.52-53enlargementand reduction of.18explanationsfor.19,58-59geologic, details of, plate showing.58printingof.87-89standardcolors for.62-63hydrographicfeatures on.61-52letteringon.53-65materialsused for drawing.23-28orientationof.18original, margin required on.19originalbase, amount of detail on.17mustbe free from colors and symbols.28preparationof.13-14,17-18originalgeologic, method of coloring.27-28projectionfor.18-19,43-45reductionor enlargement of, marking for.63-64reliefon.48-51standardscales for.18symbolsused on.20-23drawingof.61platesshowing.20,46titlesfor.58topographic, scales of.14-15Mathematical signs, forms and names of.94Measures, linear, metric equivalents of.92Measuring scales for map projection, use of.44Meridians used on public-land maps, diagram showing.16Metric measures, English equivalents of.92Millionth-scale map, use of.14Mine plans, conventional lines for.29featuresof.65-66symbolsused on, plate showing.20Minerals.SeeRocks.Mississippi River Commission, maps published by15N.Names of rocks.94-97National forest maps and proclamations, use of.15O.Offset process, description of.87Oilwells, symbols for.21Opaquing, meaning of.18,47,86Orientation of maps, requirements for.18Original drawings, general treatment of, by draftsmen.42-43preparationof.12-40Outdoor sketches, redrawing of.69-70P.Panoramas, construction of.71Paper, kinds used for drawings.23-24,60,61,66,69Pastes, use of.37Patterns, areal, method of drawing.61-62areal, plate showing.62Pen drawings, materials and methods used in making.67-68,68-69Pencils, colored, use of.26drawing, quality and grades of.25,66Pens, kinds of, used for drawing.25,48,67Photoengraving, cost of.75,78,80,81generalfeatures of.72-73Photoengravings, printing and insertion of.11Photogelatin processes, description of.82-83Photographs, adaptation of.83bleachingof.69careneeded in taking and handling.32,33,39-40copyrighted, consent for use of.33-34duplicateprints of, requests for.34mountingand numbering of.33,36-37poor, mating of drawings over.68-69preparationof, for half-tone engraving.77-78recordof source of.34selectionof.32-33retouchingof.68,70-71suitabilityof.9unpublished, issue and use of.34Photolithographs, changes in.39Photolithography, description of.86-87Planographic process, description of.87Plans of mines, drawing and lettering of.29,65-66symbolsused on, plate showing.20Plates, differences from figures.10-11divisionsof, serial letters and numbers for.12groupingsmall illustrations on.36-37methodsof inserting, plate showing.12Political divisions, lettering of.53,54Post-route maps, scales and detail of.15Projection for maps, preparation and checking of.18-19,43-45Proofs, changes in.76correctionof.38-39duplicate, supplying of.30submittalof.38Public-land maps, meridians, parallels, and township lines used on, diagram showing.16Public works, lettering of.53Punctuation marks, forms of.54Purpose of illustrations in Survey reports.8,40R.Railroad surveys, data for maps obtainable from.15Railroads, names of, on maps.57Reduction of maps, marking drawings for.63-64meansof.18Reduction sheet for lettering, plate showing.54useof.55Relief, methods of expressing.48-51Reproduction of illustrations, processes for.72-90relationof, to the drawing supplied.7,40Reticulation, sketching by.47Retouching of photographs, materials and method used in.68,70-71Reuse of illustrations, procedure for.37-38Rocks, igneous, names of.95-97metamorphic, names of.95sedimentary, names of.94-95symbolsused to distinguish.32See alsoSpecimens.Roman numerals, numbers expressed by.93Rubber, liquid, use of.37S.Scales, bar, forms of.50-60measuringfor projection of maps.44standard, of maps.18Scope of this manual.7Screens, half-tone prints showing effects produced by.56Selection of illustrations, considerations governing.8-9Sections, columnar, original drawings for.31columnar, symbols used in, plate showing.32structure, combination of, with views of topography.30-31drawingof.64-65originaldrawings for.29-31symbolsused in, plate showing.32verticalexaggeration of.30Shading, kinds used.67Signs, mathematical, forms and names of.94Sises of illustrations.11-12,40Specimens, borrowed and fragile, care of.35drawingsof, methods of making.60-68paleontologic, transmittal of.35photographsof, how printed.68howused.34-85Springs, symbols for.22,23State maps, use of.15Stipple, production of.50,51Stone, engraving on.89-90Streams, drawing of.51-52letteringnames of.52Submittal of illustrations.10Symbols, drawing of.20,61forground-water features, uniformity needed in.21-23formaps and mine plans, plates showing.20,46uniformuse of.20,45-46foroil and gas wells, features of.21forstructure and columnar sections, plate showing.32lithologic, use of.32T.Three-color half-tones, process of making.78-80Titles of illustrations, arrangement and place of.58printingof.19-20wordingand lettering of.19Tooling on half-tones, effects obtained by.77,78Topographic atlas sheets, scales of.14Tracing, method of.46-47useof colors in.46-47Tracing linen, use of.24-25Transferring, celluloid, process of.47celluloid, requisitions for.47Type, lettering with.54-55stylesand sizes of.55V.Value of illustrations in Survey reports.8Vara, length of.92Vignetting, effect obtained by.78W.Wall map of the United States, use of, for basemaps.14Water colors, use of.26,67,71Waterlining, use of.52Wax engraving, process and advantages of.80-81Wells, symbols for.22,23Wood engraving, process of.81-82Z.Zinc etchings, changes in.38-39drawingsfor.74insertionof.11makingand advantages of.73-75
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