Makirifares,553Makua,464Malayalim,411Malays,44,47,59,63,80,83,85,87,99,107,137,288,493,497Mampursi,447Manchus,374Mandingans,447,448Mangars,415Mangbattus,440Manyuema,465Maoris,503Maricopas,532Maronites,423Masai,440Mashona,466Matrimonial customs, loan of wife, real and simulated abduction, marriage by capture, duration of union, etc.,237–239Mayas,539Maypures,556Melanesians,46,59,63,80,83,85,87,99,107,137,288,493,497Melanism,51Melanochroids,291Melkits,423Metal age in Europe,314–316Metouali,423Miao-tse,381Micronesians,504Minkopis,397Minnetaris,529Miranhas,560Mixes,538Miztecs,538Modesty, conventionality of,170Mohaves,533Mohicans,526Mois,392Money, primitive standards of exchange, beads, cocoa-seed, cakes of tea, cowries, origin of modern money, etc.,271–274Mongo,463Mongols,38,41,44,46,49,77,80,82,87,99,112,164,241,293,365,379Monogenesis and polygenesis,7Mons or Talaing,393Moors,434Moquis,524Morality of the uncivilised, its utilitarian basis,251–252Morioris,503Moros,491Moscos,541Mossi,447Mosso,382Muskhogis,528Mycenian civilisation,315Myths, their intermediate position between science, poetry, and religion,222Nagas,45,395Nahuas,546Nahuquas,553Nairs,415Nasal index,63–64Natchez,528Navigation, methods of—rafts, canoes, etc.,278–279Nazareans,423Negrilloes,454Negritoes,482,490Negroes,63,67,80,83,89,91,96,98,107,117,135,186,220,288Nepalese,415Nestorians,423Nevajos,525Niam-Niams,47,147,440Nias,216,240Nicobarese,396Niquirans,536Nubians,436Nuers,445Odour of Negroes, Chinese, etc.,109Ojibwas,526Olchas,373Old men, the fate of, in primitive societies, their voluntary suicide, etc.,242Omahas,530Oneidas,527Onondagas,527Oraons,410Orbital index,61–63Orochons,374Oroks,374Osages,530Ossets,111,356,421Otomis,537Ottawas,527Paharias,415Pai-pi-bri,451Palæ-American sub-race,292,512Palenbangs,489Palkhpuluk,415Pampeans,571Panos,559Papajos,535Papuans,483,484,493–497Parsis,419,420Pashtu,420Passumahs,489Patagonians,574Pawnees,530Pelvic index,84Pepo-hoan,391Persians,419Peruvians,67,85Physiological characters, functions of nutrition and assimilation, respiration and circulation, reproduction, etc.,105–120Pictography,137–140Pigmentation, race variations of,46; ten principal shades of colour of skin,47; pigmentation of the iris,48; three fundamental shades of the iris,49; colour of the eye in different races,49; colouring of the hair,49; four principal shades,49; pigmentation at birth,50; absence of pigment,51Pigmies,455Pimas,535Pithecanthropus erectus,360Politeness, rules of.—“Exchanging blood,” salutations, etc.,254–255Polyandry,235Polygamy and monogamy, the patriarchate,237Polymorphism,5Polynesians,47,63,85,87,91,112,204,206,500Ponkas,530Pottery-making, modelling, moulding, and coiling methods of,154,155Prehistoric “finds” in Africa,427; in Oceania,475Promiscuity,231Property, systems under which held, collective, family, individual,245–247Psychological and Pathological characters,121Quaternary age in Europe,301Quaternary human remains in Europe,309Quaternary man in Asia,361Quechuas,547Race, in what manner term applied,8Rejangs,489Religion—animism, fetichism, worship of natural objects and phenomena, religion and morality, rites and ceremonies, priesthoods,214–223Respiration among uncivilised peoples and among Europeans,108Right and justice, the power of taboo, vendetta, ordeals, oath-taking, extra-legal judges, etc.,252–254Russians,111,167,344Sakai,397Sakalavas,470Salishans,532Samarai,495Samoans,504Santals (Sonthals),114,409Sartes,376,419Savaras (Saoras),409Scandinavians,47,186,220,228Scapular index,85Sciences, primitive—knowledge of numbers, calculation of time, calendars and clocks, geography and cartography,223–228Selungs,396Senecas,527Sexes, relation of, before marriage,229Shans,401Shawnees,526Shield, evolution of the,266–269Shiluks,445Shuvashes,376Siamese,402Sikanese,492Singhalese,416Siouans,528Skeleton of trunk and limbs, differentiative racial characters of,83,93Skin, structure of the,34; differences according to race,36Skull, comparison of human skull and that of anthropoid apes,18,19Slavs,59,323,343Social groups, stages of, conditions of progress of, classification of “states of civilisation,”123–127Social organisation, under group marriage, totemism, clan rule,247–248Somalis,438Somatological units,3Soninké,449Sonoran-Aztecs,535Sonrhays,447Sonthals,114,409Spaniols,425Species, what constitutes,5–8Spine, curvature of, in theCercopithecidæ, in the anthropoid apes, in man,13,14Staff messages,135“States of civilisation,” classification of,127Stature, variations of, at birth,25; average heights of different populations,25; limits of stature, giantism, dwarfism,27–31; influence of environment on stature,31,32; stature of men and women compared,33Steatopygia,93Stone and metal ages in Asia,362–365Sundanese,489Swazi,465Syrians,423Taboo,252Tagals,491Tails, pretended existence of men with,95Tajiks,419Takhtaji,423Takullies,524Talamancas,545Tamils,411Taranchi,375Tarascos,537Tasmanians,482Tatars,367,375,376Tecunas,561Teguments, in man and apes,22Tehuelches,574Teleuts,375Telingas,411Tenggerese,496Tent, origin and development of,163,164Territorial organisation,249Tertiary man in Europe,300Thai,76,400Thibetans,43,380,381Thos-Muong,401Tinné,524Tlinkits,110,292,532Todas,411Toes and fingers of man and of anthropoid apes,20,21Tombo,447Tonga,465Tools of primitive industry, methods of making stone implements, etc.,184–188Totonacs,536,537Toucouleur,450Transport and means of communication—primitive vehicles, sledges, chariots, etc.,275–277Trumai,566Trunk and limbs of living subject, racial characters of,93Tsimshians,532Tuaregs,434Tubas,444Tula Dariens,549Tulus,411Tunguses,246,373Tupi-Guarani,562,567Turkomans,376Turks,59,293,365,377Tyrolese,59Tziam,394Ugrians,293,365,521Ulvas,541United States, white population of,508Uzbegs,376Veddahs,85,87,91,145,157,159,270,417Vei,449Wagogo,464Wahabits,423Wakamba,464Wakguro,464Wambutti,454Wapokompo,464Wataita,464Weapons of offence and defence, clubs, missile weapons, boomerangs, the bow and arrow, methods of arrow release, shields, protective armour,257–269Wichitas,530Yakuts,375Yamas,554Yasafzais,420Yeniseians or Tubas,366Yeshkhun,413Yezides,423Yolofs,450Yorubas,453Yukagirs,370Yumas,533Zaparos,561Zapotecs,537Zoques,538Zulus,465Zuñis,155,225,534
Makirifares,553
Makua,464
Malayalim,411
Malays,44,47,59,63,80,83,85,87,99,107,137,288,493,497
Mampursi,447
Manchus,374
Mandingans,447,448
Mangars,415
Mangbattus,440
Manyuema,465
Maoris,503
Maricopas,532
Maronites,423
Masai,440
Mashona,466
Matrimonial customs, loan of wife, real and simulated abduction, marriage by capture, duration of union, etc.,237–239
Mayas,539
Maypures,556
Melanesians,46,59,63,80,83,85,87,99,107,137,288,493,497
Melanism,51
Melanochroids,291
Melkits,423
Metal age in Europe,314–316
Metouali,423
Miao-tse,381
Micronesians,504
Minkopis,397
Minnetaris,529
Miranhas,560
Mixes,538
Miztecs,538
Modesty, conventionality of,170
Mohaves,533
Mohicans,526
Mois,392
Money, primitive standards of exchange, beads, cocoa-seed, cakes of tea, cowries, origin of modern money, etc.,271–274
Mongo,463
Mongols,38,41,44,46,49,77,80,82,87,99,112,164,241,293,365,379
Monogenesis and polygenesis,7
Mons or Talaing,393
Moors,434
Moquis,524
Morality of the uncivilised, its utilitarian basis,251–252
Morioris,503
Moros,491
Moscos,541
Mossi,447
Mosso,382
Muskhogis,528
Mycenian civilisation,315
Myths, their intermediate position between science, poetry, and religion,222
Nagas,45,395
Nahuas,546
Nahuquas,553
Nairs,415
Nasal index,63–64
Natchez,528
Navigation, methods of—rafts, canoes, etc.,278–279
Nazareans,423
Negrilloes,454
Negritoes,482,490
Negroes,63,67,80,83,89,91,96,98,107,117,135,186,220,288
Nepalese,415
Nestorians,423
Nevajos,525
Niam-Niams,47,147,440
Nias,216,240
Nicobarese,396
Niquirans,536
Nubians,436
Nuers,445
Odour of Negroes, Chinese, etc.,109
Ojibwas,526
Olchas,373
Old men, the fate of, in primitive societies, their voluntary suicide, etc.,242
Omahas,530
Oneidas,527
Onondagas,527
Oraons,410
Orbital index,61–63
Orochons,374
Oroks,374
Osages,530
Ossets,111,356,421
Otomis,537
Ottawas,527
Paharias,415
Pai-pi-bri,451
Palæ-American sub-race,292,512
Palenbangs,489
Palkhpuluk,415
Pampeans,571
Panos,559
Papajos,535
Papuans,483,484,493–497
Parsis,419,420
Pashtu,420
Passumahs,489
Patagonians,574
Pawnees,530
Pelvic index,84
Pepo-hoan,391
Persians,419
Peruvians,67,85
Physiological characters, functions of nutrition and assimilation, respiration and circulation, reproduction, etc.,105–120
Pictography,137–140
Pigmentation, race variations of,46; ten principal shades of colour of skin,47; pigmentation of the iris,48; three fundamental shades of the iris,49; colour of the eye in different races,49; colouring of the hair,49; four principal shades,49; pigmentation at birth,50; absence of pigment,51
Pigmies,455
Pimas,535
Pithecanthropus erectus,360
Politeness, rules of.—“Exchanging blood,” salutations, etc.,254–255
Polyandry,235
Polygamy and monogamy, the patriarchate,237
Polymorphism,5
Polynesians,47,63,85,87,91,112,204,206,500
Ponkas,530
Pottery-making, modelling, moulding, and coiling methods of,154,155
Prehistoric “finds” in Africa,427; in Oceania,475
Promiscuity,231
Property, systems under which held, collective, family, individual,245–247
Psychological and Pathological characters,121
Quaternary age in Europe,301
Quaternary human remains in Europe,309
Quaternary man in Asia,361
Quechuas,547
Race, in what manner term applied,8
Rejangs,489
Religion—animism, fetichism, worship of natural objects and phenomena, religion and morality, rites and ceremonies, priesthoods,214–223
Respiration among uncivilised peoples and among Europeans,108
Right and justice, the power of taboo, vendetta, ordeals, oath-taking, extra-legal judges, etc.,252–254
Russians,111,167,344
Sakai,397
Sakalavas,470
Salishans,532
Samarai,495
Samoans,504
Santals (Sonthals),114,409
Sartes,376,419
Savaras (Saoras),409
Scandinavians,47,186,220,228
Scapular index,85
Sciences, primitive—knowledge of numbers, calculation of time, calendars and clocks, geography and cartography,223–228
Selungs,396
Senecas,527
Sexes, relation of, before marriage,229
Shans,401
Shawnees,526
Shield, evolution of the,266–269
Shiluks,445
Shuvashes,376
Siamese,402
Sikanese,492
Singhalese,416
Siouans,528
Skeleton of trunk and limbs, differentiative racial characters of,83,93
Skin, structure of the,34; differences according to race,36
Skull, comparison of human skull and that of anthropoid apes,18,19
Slavs,59,323,343
Social groups, stages of, conditions of progress of, classification of “states of civilisation,”123–127
Social organisation, under group marriage, totemism, clan rule,247–248
Somalis,438
Somatological units,3
Soninké,449
Sonoran-Aztecs,535
Sonrhays,447
Sonthals,114,409
Spaniols,425
Species, what constitutes,5–8
Spine, curvature of, in theCercopithecidæ, in the anthropoid apes, in man,13,14
Staff messages,135
“States of civilisation,” classification of,127
Stature, variations of, at birth,25; average heights of different populations,25; limits of stature, giantism, dwarfism,27–31; influence of environment on stature,31,32; stature of men and women compared,33
Steatopygia,93
Stone and metal ages in Asia,362–365
Sundanese,489
Swazi,465
Syrians,423
Taboo,252
Tagals,491
Tails, pretended existence of men with,95
Tajiks,419
Takhtaji,423
Takullies,524
Talamancas,545
Tamils,411
Taranchi,375
Tarascos,537
Tasmanians,482
Tatars,367,375,376
Tecunas,561
Teguments, in man and apes,22
Tehuelches,574
Teleuts,375
Telingas,411
Tenggerese,496
Tent, origin and development of,163,164
Territorial organisation,249
Tertiary man in Europe,300
Thai,76,400
Thibetans,43,380,381
Thos-Muong,401
Tinné,524
Tlinkits,110,292,532
Todas,411
Toes and fingers of man and of anthropoid apes,20,21
Tombo,447
Tonga,465
Tools of primitive industry, methods of making stone implements, etc.,184–188
Totonacs,536,537
Toucouleur,450
Transport and means of communication—primitive vehicles, sledges, chariots, etc.,275–277
Trumai,566
Trunk and limbs of living subject, racial characters of,93
Tsimshians,532
Tuaregs,434
Tubas,444
Tula Dariens,549
Tulus,411
Tunguses,246,373
Tupi-Guarani,562,567
Turkomans,376
Turks,59,293,365,377
Tyrolese,59
Tziam,394
Ugrians,293,365,521
Ulvas,541
United States, white population of,508
Uzbegs,376
Veddahs,85,87,91,145,157,159,270,417
Vei,449
Wagogo,464
Wahabits,423
Wakamba,464
Wakguro,464
Wambutti,454
Wapokompo,464
Wataita,464
Weapons of offence and defence, clubs, missile weapons, boomerangs, the bow and arrow, methods of arrow release, shields, protective armour,257–269
Wichitas,530
Yakuts,375
Yamas,554
Yasafzais,420
Yeniseians or Tubas,366
Yeshkhun,413
Yezides,423
Yolofs,450
Yorubas,453
Yukagirs,370
Yumas,533
Zaparos,561
Zapotecs,537
Zoques,538
Zulus,465
Zuñis,155,225,534