[652]According to Siemiradzki,loc. cit., p. 147, theGuancavelicaandMontubioIndians of the coast of Ecuador, who are completely Hispanified, as well as thePayaguas(see p. 572), bear a strong resemblance in physical type to the Caribs.[653]These figures are given from the measurements of Manouvrier and Deniker (Bull. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 1893), of Maurel (Mem. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 2nd ser., vol. ii., 1875–85), Ten Kate (Rev. d’Anthr., Paris), and Prince Roland Bonaparte (Les Habitants de Surinam, Paris, 1884), for the Caribs of the north; from Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Anthrop. Stud.), for the Caribs of the south.[654]See, for example, the summary of the data of ancient authors in J. Ballet’sLa Guadeloupe, vol. i., 2nd pt., p. 220, Basse-Terre, 1894.[655]O. Ordinaire, “Les Sauvages du Perou,â€Rev. Ethnogr., 1887, p. 264.[656]This traveller also mentions a tribe very different from theGoajires, inhabiting the mountains of the north, now completely unknown. These Indians call themselvesPiecer(?). They might possibly have some slight relation with the Arawaks inhabiting the upper valleys of Sierra Nevada. De Brette,loc. cit.; H. Candelier,Rio Hacha et les ... Goajires, Paris, 1893.[657]Particulars concerning the archæological and osteological remains of the aborigines of the Greater Antilles will be found in J. Duerden’s “Aborig. Ind. Remains in Jamaica,â€Journ. of the Instit. of Jamaica(with “note on the craniology,†by Haddon), Kingston, 1897, vol. ii., No. 4; and in Brinton’s “The Archæology of Cuba,â€Amer. Archæologist, vol. ii., No. 10, Columbus, 1898.[658]R. de la Grasserie,Congr. Internat. Americanistes, Berlin, 1888, p. 438.[659]Barboza Rodriguez (Revista da Exposiçao Anthrop. brazileira, Rio de Janeiro, 1882) has measured four specimens, which have given him the mean height of1 m. 47.[660]Ordinaire (loc. cit.) also describes together with these populations the wholly savage tribe of theLorenzosliving completely in the stone age on the banks of the Palcazu.[661]Hamy,Rev. d’Anthr., 1873, p. 385; Colini,Atti. Acc. Lincei., Rome, 1883.[662]Both these authors prefer the term “Ges†to that ofTapuyas, by which the aborigines in question are known to the Brazilians. In fact, the word “Tapuya,†which in the Tupi tongue means “barbarian,†is not only applied to the Ges, but also to a host of other backward tribes, as, for instance, thePuris(p. 565).[663]Probably on account of the numerous cataracts on the rivers.[664]Maxim Pr. von Wied Newied,Reise nach Brasil., Frankfort-a-M., 1820, 2 vols.; Martius,Beitr. zur Ethnogr.... Amerikas, Erlangen-Leipzig, 1863–67; Lacerda and Peixolo, “Contrib. estudo. Anthrop. das raças Indig. do Brazil,â€Archiv. de Mus. Nacion., Rio de Janeiro, vol. i., 1876, p. 47; Ph. Rey,Étud. Anthrop. sur les Botocudos, Paris, 1880 (thesis); Peixoto, “Novos estudos. craniol. sobra Botocudos,â€Arch. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, vol. vi., 1884, p. 205; Ehrenreich, “Ueber die Botocudos,â€Zeitschr. für Ethnol., 1887, pp. 1 and 49.[665]Castelnau,Expedition parties Centr. Am. dn Sud. Hist. des vog., Paris, 1852–57, 6 vols.; Martius,loc. cit.; Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Peterm. Mitt.).[666]See the works of Castelnau, Von den Steinen, and Ehrenreich, already quoted.[667]J. Koslowsky, “Algun. datos sobre los Bororos,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. vi., 1895; Ehrenreich,loc cit.(Anthr. Unter.).[668]See on this point the suggestive monograph of H. Meyer, “Bows and Arrows in Centr. Brazil,â€Smiths. Rep. for 1896, p. 549, pl., Washington, 1898.[669]The way in which the aborigines cut trees with their stone hatchets is remarkable: they make in the first place a great number of holes all around the trunk, then enlarge them till they touch, and so form a continuous incision. Similarly, in order to cut a thin piece of wood from a tree branch they make notches in the latter at equal distances, then they remove the portions of wood between the notches, making use of the same stone hatchet like a wedge. (Ehrenreich, “Mittheil.... Xingu Exped.,â€Zeitschrift für Ethnol., 1890, p. 61.)[670]L. Adam,Bibliothèque Linguist. Amer., vol. xviii., Paris, 1896.[671]I. Ambrosetti, “Los Indios Caingua,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, vol. xv., Buenos Ayres, 1895.[672]It is in the vicinity of the Cainguas, between the Parana and the central chain of Paraguay, south of the sources of the Acaray, that the five or six hundredGuayakisdwell, primitive hunters, still in the stone age, of whom Bove (Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital., 1884, p. 939) had caught a glimpse, and whom La Hitte and Ten Kate have quite recently described (Ann. Mus. La Plata, vol. ii.,Anthrop., 1897). Armed with their enormous bows and their polished stone hatchets, with their caps of jaguar skin, they have rather a grotesque appearance, and their low stature (the only adult subject measured was1 m. 52, and the skeleton of a woman,1 m. 42), as well as their legs wide apart, are not such as to improve their appearance. They are sub-brachycephalic, and nevertheless in type remind us of the Fuegians and the Botocudos. Their habitations are tree shelters, sometimes eighty feet long; their principal tool consists of a tooth of the agôuti fastened to the thigh-bone of a monkey. Their household vessels are plaited baskets rendered impermeable by the addition of a layer of wax, etc. The Cainguas are perhaps hybridised Guayakis.[673]Coudreau,loc. cit., pp. 123 and 131.[674]Köppig, quoted by Brinton (Am. R., p. 231). We must not confound these Cocomas with the tribe of the same name living between the upper Burus and the Jurua, and which appears to belong to the Pano family.[675]Barboza Rodriguez,loc. cit.; Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Anthrop. Stud.); D’Orbigny,loc. cit., vol. ii., p. 324.[676]Martin de Moussy,Descrip. Confed. Argent., vol. ii., p. 141, Paris, 1861, andIndustr. des Indiens La Plata, Paris, 1866; Lafone Quevedo, “La Razza Americana de Brinton, etc.,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xiv., 1894, p. 524 (on the disappearance of the Charruas), andBol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 124 and 127;Arrivée en France de quatre sauvages Charrua, Paris, 1830, and Flourens,Ann. Sc. Nat., 2nd ser., Zool., vol. viii., p. 156; F. Outes,Los Querandies, Buenos Ayres, 1897, andEthnogr. Argent., Seconda Contrib. al Ethnog. Querandi, Buenos Ayres, 1899; Ambrozetti, “Alfarerias Minuanes,â€Bol. I. G. Argent., vol. xiv., 1893, p. 212; I. Quevedo,Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 117 and 130.[677]Dobrizhoffer,An Account of the Abipones, London, 1822, 2 vols.[678]L. Quevedo,loc. cit.,La Razza, etc., p. 519,Arte Toba, etc.; Massei and L. Quevedo, “Grupo Mataco-Mataguayo,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1895 and 1896; Pelleschi, “Los Indios Matacos,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1897, p. 173.[679]Certain authorities (Ameghino, Brinton, etc.) place the Charruas, the Chanases, and the Querandis in the Tupi-Guaranian family, and make a separate group of the Matacos.[680]Boggiani,Viaggi d’un artista in Amer. Merid., I. Caduvei, II. Ciamococo, Rome, 1894–95 (preface and note by Colino); and “Ethnografia del Alto Paraguay,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xviii., 1897, p. 613, ethn. chart. According to Brinton (“Ling. Cartogr. of Chaco,â€Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 37, p. 178, Philad., 1898), the dialect of theSamucosshould belong to the Arawak family.[681]Koslowsky, “Tres semanas entre ... Guatos,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. vi., p. 221, Buenos Ayres, 1895.[682]Siemiradzki,loc. cit.; De la Vaulx,C. R. Soc. Geog. Paris, 1898.[683]Ch. Musters,At Home with the Patagonians, London, 1871, and “The Races of Patagonia,â€Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. i., 1875, p. 193; F. Moreno,Viage à la Patagon. settentr.... Buenos Ayres, 1876, andViage Pat. Austral., Buenos Ayres, 1879; R. Lista,Viage al païs de Tehuelches, Buenos Ayres, 1878, andExplorat. de la Pampa, etc., Buenos Ayres, 1883. As regards the Onas, see R. Lista, “La Tierra del Fuego,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. ii., 1881, andViage al païs ... Ona, Buenos Ayres, Darapsky, “Patagonia,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. x., 1889, p. 368; J. Hultkrantz, “Nagra Bidrag, etc.,â€Ymer, pt. i., Stockholm, 1898, with figs. The three Ona skulls described by Hultkrantz are dolichocephalic (ceph. ind. 74.7).[684]For measurements see theAppendices. The bibliography of the Fuegians will be found in the work of Hyades and Deniker already quoted. To these must be added the following selection from important works omitted or recently published: L. Darapski, “Fuegians,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. x., 1889, p. 276; Bridges, “La Tierra del Fuego, etc.,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xiv., 1893; and O. Nordenskjold, “Das Feuerland,â€Geog. Zeitsch., vol. ii., p. 663, Leipzig, 1896.
[652]According to Siemiradzki,loc. cit., p. 147, theGuancavelicaandMontubioIndians of the coast of Ecuador, who are completely Hispanified, as well as thePayaguas(see p. 572), bear a strong resemblance in physical type to the Caribs.
[652]According to Siemiradzki,loc. cit., p. 147, theGuancavelicaandMontubioIndians of the coast of Ecuador, who are completely Hispanified, as well as thePayaguas(see p. 572), bear a strong resemblance in physical type to the Caribs.
[653]These figures are given from the measurements of Manouvrier and Deniker (Bull. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 1893), of Maurel (Mem. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 2nd ser., vol. ii., 1875–85), Ten Kate (Rev. d’Anthr., Paris), and Prince Roland Bonaparte (Les Habitants de Surinam, Paris, 1884), for the Caribs of the north; from Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Anthrop. Stud.), for the Caribs of the south.
[653]These figures are given from the measurements of Manouvrier and Deniker (Bull. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 1893), of Maurel (Mem. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 2nd ser., vol. ii., 1875–85), Ten Kate (Rev. d’Anthr., Paris), and Prince Roland Bonaparte (Les Habitants de Surinam, Paris, 1884), for the Caribs of the north; from Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Anthrop. Stud.), for the Caribs of the south.
[654]See, for example, the summary of the data of ancient authors in J. Ballet’sLa Guadeloupe, vol. i., 2nd pt., p. 220, Basse-Terre, 1894.
[654]See, for example, the summary of the data of ancient authors in J. Ballet’sLa Guadeloupe, vol. i., 2nd pt., p. 220, Basse-Terre, 1894.
[655]O. Ordinaire, “Les Sauvages du Perou,â€Rev. Ethnogr., 1887, p. 264.
[655]O. Ordinaire, “Les Sauvages du Perou,â€Rev. Ethnogr., 1887, p. 264.
[656]This traveller also mentions a tribe very different from theGoajires, inhabiting the mountains of the north, now completely unknown. These Indians call themselvesPiecer(?). They might possibly have some slight relation with the Arawaks inhabiting the upper valleys of Sierra Nevada. De Brette,loc. cit.; H. Candelier,Rio Hacha et les ... Goajires, Paris, 1893.
[656]This traveller also mentions a tribe very different from theGoajires, inhabiting the mountains of the north, now completely unknown. These Indians call themselvesPiecer(?). They might possibly have some slight relation with the Arawaks inhabiting the upper valleys of Sierra Nevada. De Brette,loc. cit.; H. Candelier,Rio Hacha et les ... Goajires, Paris, 1893.
[657]Particulars concerning the archæological and osteological remains of the aborigines of the Greater Antilles will be found in J. Duerden’s “Aborig. Ind. Remains in Jamaica,â€Journ. of the Instit. of Jamaica(with “note on the craniology,†by Haddon), Kingston, 1897, vol. ii., No. 4; and in Brinton’s “The Archæology of Cuba,â€Amer. Archæologist, vol. ii., No. 10, Columbus, 1898.
[657]Particulars concerning the archæological and osteological remains of the aborigines of the Greater Antilles will be found in J. Duerden’s “Aborig. Ind. Remains in Jamaica,â€Journ. of the Instit. of Jamaica(with “note on the craniology,†by Haddon), Kingston, 1897, vol. ii., No. 4; and in Brinton’s “The Archæology of Cuba,â€Amer. Archæologist, vol. ii., No. 10, Columbus, 1898.
[658]R. de la Grasserie,Congr. Internat. Americanistes, Berlin, 1888, p. 438.
[658]R. de la Grasserie,Congr. Internat. Americanistes, Berlin, 1888, p. 438.
[659]Barboza Rodriguez (Revista da Exposiçao Anthrop. brazileira, Rio de Janeiro, 1882) has measured four specimens, which have given him the mean height of1 m. 47.
[659]Barboza Rodriguez (Revista da Exposiçao Anthrop. brazileira, Rio de Janeiro, 1882) has measured four specimens, which have given him the mean height of1 m. 47.
[660]Ordinaire (loc. cit.) also describes together with these populations the wholly savage tribe of theLorenzosliving completely in the stone age on the banks of the Palcazu.
[660]Ordinaire (loc. cit.) also describes together with these populations the wholly savage tribe of theLorenzosliving completely in the stone age on the banks of the Palcazu.
[661]Hamy,Rev. d’Anthr., 1873, p. 385; Colini,Atti. Acc. Lincei., Rome, 1883.
[661]Hamy,Rev. d’Anthr., 1873, p. 385; Colini,Atti. Acc. Lincei., Rome, 1883.
[662]Both these authors prefer the term “Ges†to that ofTapuyas, by which the aborigines in question are known to the Brazilians. In fact, the word “Tapuya,†which in the Tupi tongue means “barbarian,†is not only applied to the Ges, but also to a host of other backward tribes, as, for instance, thePuris(p. 565).
[662]Both these authors prefer the term “Ges†to that ofTapuyas, by which the aborigines in question are known to the Brazilians. In fact, the word “Tapuya,†which in the Tupi tongue means “barbarian,†is not only applied to the Ges, but also to a host of other backward tribes, as, for instance, thePuris(p. 565).
[663]Probably on account of the numerous cataracts on the rivers.
[663]Probably on account of the numerous cataracts on the rivers.
[664]Maxim Pr. von Wied Newied,Reise nach Brasil., Frankfort-a-M., 1820, 2 vols.; Martius,Beitr. zur Ethnogr.... Amerikas, Erlangen-Leipzig, 1863–67; Lacerda and Peixolo, “Contrib. estudo. Anthrop. das raças Indig. do Brazil,â€Archiv. de Mus. Nacion., Rio de Janeiro, vol. i., 1876, p. 47; Ph. Rey,Étud. Anthrop. sur les Botocudos, Paris, 1880 (thesis); Peixoto, “Novos estudos. craniol. sobra Botocudos,â€Arch. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, vol. vi., 1884, p. 205; Ehrenreich, “Ueber die Botocudos,â€Zeitschr. für Ethnol., 1887, pp. 1 and 49.
[664]Maxim Pr. von Wied Newied,Reise nach Brasil., Frankfort-a-M., 1820, 2 vols.; Martius,Beitr. zur Ethnogr.... Amerikas, Erlangen-Leipzig, 1863–67; Lacerda and Peixolo, “Contrib. estudo. Anthrop. das raças Indig. do Brazil,â€Archiv. de Mus. Nacion., Rio de Janeiro, vol. i., 1876, p. 47; Ph. Rey,Étud. Anthrop. sur les Botocudos, Paris, 1880 (thesis); Peixoto, “Novos estudos. craniol. sobra Botocudos,â€Arch. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, vol. vi., 1884, p. 205; Ehrenreich, “Ueber die Botocudos,â€Zeitschr. für Ethnol., 1887, pp. 1 and 49.
[665]Castelnau,Expedition parties Centr. Am. dn Sud. Hist. des vog., Paris, 1852–57, 6 vols.; Martius,loc. cit.; Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Peterm. Mitt.).
[665]Castelnau,Expedition parties Centr. Am. dn Sud. Hist. des vog., Paris, 1852–57, 6 vols.; Martius,loc. cit.; Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Peterm. Mitt.).
[666]See the works of Castelnau, Von den Steinen, and Ehrenreich, already quoted.
[666]See the works of Castelnau, Von den Steinen, and Ehrenreich, already quoted.
[667]J. Koslowsky, “Algun. datos sobre los Bororos,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. vi., 1895; Ehrenreich,loc cit.(Anthr. Unter.).
[667]J. Koslowsky, “Algun. datos sobre los Bororos,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. vi., 1895; Ehrenreich,loc cit.(Anthr. Unter.).
[668]See on this point the suggestive monograph of H. Meyer, “Bows and Arrows in Centr. Brazil,â€Smiths. Rep. for 1896, p. 549, pl., Washington, 1898.
[668]See on this point the suggestive monograph of H. Meyer, “Bows and Arrows in Centr. Brazil,â€Smiths. Rep. for 1896, p. 549, pl., Washington, 1898.
[669]The way in which the aborigines cut trees with their stone hatchets is remarkable: they make in the first place a great number of holes all around the trunk, then enlarge them till they touch, and so form a continuous incision. Similarly, in order to cut a thin piece of wood from a tree branch they make notches in the latter at equal distances, then they remove the portions of wood between the notches, making use of the same stone hatchet like a wedge. (Ehrenreich, “Mittheil.... Xingu Exped.,â€Zeitschrift für Ethnol., 1890, p. 61.)
[669]The way in which the aborigines cut trees with their stone hatchets is remarkable: they make in the first place a great number of holes all around the trunk, then enlarge them till they touch, and so form a continuous incision. Similarly, in order to cut a thin piece of wood from a tree branch they make notches in the latter at equal distances, then they remove the portions of wood between the notches, making use of the same stone hatchet like a wedge. (Ehrenreich, “Mittheil.... Xingu Exped.,â€Zeitschrift für Ethnol., 1890, p. 61.)
[670]L. Adam,Bibliothèque Linguist. Amer., vol. xviii., Paris, 1896.
[670]L. Adam,Bibliothèque Linguist. Amer., vol. xviii., Paris, 1896.
[671]I. Ambrosetti, “Los Indios Caingua,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, vol. xv., Buenos Ayres, 1895.
[671]I. Ambrosetti, “Los Indios Caingua,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, vol. xv., Buenos Ayres, 1895.
[672]It is in the vicinity of the Cainguas, between the Parana and the central chain of Paraguay, south of the sources of the Acaray, that the five or six hundredGuayakisdwell, primitive hunters, still in the stone age, of whom Bove (Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital., 1884, p. 939) had caught a glimpse, and whom La Hitte and Ten Kate have quite recently described (Ann. Mus. La Plata, vol. ii.,Anthrop., 1897). Armed with their enormous bows and their polished stone hatchets, with their caps of jaguar skin, they have rather a grotesque appearance, and their low stature (the only adult subject measured was1 m. 52, and the skeleton of a woman,1 m. 42), as well as their legs wide apart, are not such as to improve their appearance. They are sub-brachycephalic, and nevertheless in type remind us of the Fuegians and the Botocudos. Their habitations are tree shelters, sometimes eighty feet long; their principal tool consists of a tooth of the agôuti fastened to the thigh-bone of a monkey. Their household vessels are plaited baskets rendered impermeable by the addition of a layer of wax, etc. The Cainguas are perhaps hybridised Guayakis.
[672]It is in the vicinity of the Cainguas, between the Parana and the central chain of Paraguay, south of the sources of the Acaray, that the five or six hundredGuayakisdwell, primitive hunters, still in the stone age, of whom Bove (Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital., 1884, p. 939) had caught a glimpse, and whom La Hitte and Ten Kate have quite recently described (Ann. Mus. La Plata, vol. ii.,Anthrop., 1897). Armed with their enormous bows and their polished stone hatchets, with their caps of jaguar skin, they have rather a grotesque appearance, and their low stature (the only adult subject measured was1 m. 52, and the skeleton of a woman,1 m. 42), as well as their legs wide apart, are not such as to improve their appearance. They are sub-brachycephalic, and nevertheless in type remind us of the Fuegians and the Botocudos. Their habitations are tree shelters, sometimes eighty feet long; their principal tool consists of a tooth of the agôuti fastened to the thigh-bone of a monkey. Their household vessels are plaited baskets rendered impermeable by the addition of a layer of wax, etc. The Cainguas are perhaps hybridised Guayakis.
[673]Coudreau,loc. cit., pp. 123 and 131.
[673]Coudreau,loc. cit., pp. 123 and 131.
[674]Köppig, quoted by Brinton (Am. R., p. 231). We must not confound these Cocomas with the tribe of the same name living between the upper Burus and the Jurua, and which appears to belong to the Pano family.
[674]Köppig, quoted by Brinton (Am. R., p. 231). We must not confound these Cocomas with the tribe of the same name living between the upper Burus and the Jurua, and which appears to belong to the Pano family.
[675]Barboza Rodriguez,loc. cit.; Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Anthrop. Stud.); D’Orbigny,loc. cit., vol. ii., p. 324.
[675]Barboza Rodriguez,loc. cit.; Ehrenreich,loc. cit.(Anthrop. Stud.); D’Orbigny,loc. cit., vol. ii., p. 324.
[676]Martin de Moussy,Descrip. Confed. Argent., vol. ii., p. 141, Paris, 1861, andIndustr. des Indiens La Plata, Paris, 1866; Lafone Quevedo, “La Razza Americana de Brinton, etc.,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xiv., 1894, p. 524 (on the disappearance of the Charruas), andBol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 124 and 127;Arrivée en France de quatre sauvages Charrua, Paris, 1830, and Flourens,Ann. Sc. Nat., 2nd ser., Zool., vol. viii., p. 156; F. Outes,Los Querandies, Buenos Ayres, 1897, andEthnogr. Argent., Seconda Contrib. al Ethnog. Querandi, Buenos Ayres, 1899; Ambrozetti, “Alfarerias Minuanes,â€Bol. I. G. Argent., vol. xiv., 1893, p. 212; I. Quevedo,Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 117 and 130.
[676]Martin de Moussy,Descrip. Confed. Argent., vol. ii., p. 141, Paris, 1861, andIndustr. des Indiens La Plata, Paris, 1866; Lafone Quevedo, “La Razza Americana de Brinton, etc.,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xiv., 1894, p. 524 (on the disappearance of the Charruas), andBol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 124 and 127;Arrivée en France de quatre sauvages Charrua, Paris, 1830, and Flourens,Ann. Sc. Nat., 2nd ser., Zool., vol. viii., p. 156; F. Outes,Los Querandies, Buenos Ayres, 1897, andEthnogr. Argent., Seconda Contrib. al Ethnog. Querandi, Buenos Ayres, 1899; Ambrozetti, “Alfarerias Minuanes,â€Bol. I. G. Argent., vol. xiv., 1893, p. 212; I. Quevedo,Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 117 and 130.
[677]Dobrizhoffer,An Account of the Abipones, London, 1822, 2 vols.
[677]Dobrizhoffer,An Account of the Abipones, London, 1822, 2 vols.
[678]L. Quevedo,loc. cit.,La Razza, etc., p. 519,Arte Toba, etc.; Massei and L. Quevedo, “Grupo Mataco-Mataguayo,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1895 and 1896; Pelleschi, “Los Indios Matacos,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1897, p. 173.
[678]L. Quevedo,loc. cit.,La Razza, etc., p. 519,Arte Toba, etc.; Massei and L. Quevedo, “Grupo Mataco-Mataguayo,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1895 and 1896; Pelleschi, “Los Indios Matacos,â€Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1897, p. 173.
[679]Certain authorities (Ameghino, Brinton, etc.) place the Charruas, the Chanases, and the Querandis in the Tupi-Guaranian family, and make a separate group of the Matacos.
[679]Certain authorities (Ameghino, Brinton, etc.) place the Charruas, the Chanases, and the Querandis in the Tupi-Guaranian family, and make a separate group of the Matacos.
[680]Boggiani,Viaggi d’un artista in Amer. Merid., I. Caduvei, II. Ciamococo, Rome, 1894–95 (preface and note by Colino); and “Ethnografia del Alto Paraguay,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xviii., 1897, p. 613, ethn. chart. According to Brinton (“Ling. Cartogr. of Chaco,â€Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 37, p. 178, Philad., 1898), the dialect of theSamucosshould belong to the Arawak family.
[680]Boggiani,Viaggi d’un artista in Amer. Merid., I. Caduvei, II. Ciamococo, Rome, 1894–95 (preface and note by Colino); and “Ethnografia del Alto Paraguay,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xviii., 1897, p. 613, ethn. chart. According to Brinton (“Ling. Cartogr. of Chaco,â€Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 37, p. 178, Philad., 1898), the dialect of theSamucosshould belong to the Arawak family.
[681]Koslowsky, “Tres semanas entre ... Guatos,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. vi., p. 221, Buenos Ayres, 1895.
[681]Koslowsky, “Tres semanas entre ... Guatos,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. vi., p. 221, Buenos Ayres, 1895.
[682]Siemiradzki,loc. cit.; De la Vaulx,C. R. Soc. Geog. Paris, 1898.
[682]Siemiradzki,loc. cit.; De la Vaulx,C. R. Soc. Geog. Paris, 1898.
[683]Ch. Musters,At Home with the Patagonians, London, 1871, and “The Races of Patagonia,â€Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. i., 1875, p. 193; F. Moreno,Viage à la Patagon. settentr.... Buenos Ayres, 1876, andViage Pat. Austral., Buenos Ayres, 1879; R. Lista,Viage al païs de Tehuelches, Buenos Ayres, 1878, andExplorat. de la Pampa, etc., Buenos Ayres, 1883. As regards the Onas, see R. Lista, “La Tierra del Fuego,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. ii., 1881, andViage al païs ... Ona, Buenos Ayres, Darapsky, “Patagonia,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. x., 1889, p. 368; J. Hultkrantz, “Nagra Bidrag, etc.,â€Ymer, pt. i., Stockholm, 1898, with figs. The three Ona skulls described by Hultkrantz are dolichocephalic (ceph. ind. 74.7).
[683]Ch. Musters,At Home with the Patagonians, London, 1871, and “The Races of Patagonia,â€Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. i., 1875, p. 193; F. Moreno,Viage à la Patagon. settentr.... Buenos Ayres, 1876, andViage Pat. Austral., Buenos Ayres, 1879; R. Lista,Viage al païs de Tehuelches, Buenos Ayres, 1878, andExplorat. de la Pampa, etc., Buenos Ayres, 1883. As regards the Onas, see R. Lista, “La Tierra del Fuego,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. ii., 1881, andViage al païs ... Ona, Buenos Ayres, Darapsky, “Patagonia,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. x., 1889, p. 368; J. Hultkrantz, “Nagra Bidrag, etc.,â€Ymer, pt. i., Stockholm, 1898, with figs. The three Ona skulls described by Hultkrantz are dolichocephalic (ceph. ind. 74.7).
[684]For measurements see theAppendices. The bibliography of the Fuegians will be found in the work of Hyades and Deniker already quoted. To these must be added the following selection from important works omitted or recently published: L. Darapski, “Fuegians,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. x., 1889, p. 276; Bridges, “La Tierra del Fuego, etc.,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xiv., 1893; and O. Nordenskjold, “Das Feuerland,â€Geog. Zeitsch., vol. ii., p. 663, Leipzig, 1896.
[684]For measurements see theAppendices. The bibliography of the Fuegians will be found in the work of Hyades and Deniker already quoted. To these must be added the following selection from important works omitted or recently published: L. Darapski, “Fuegians,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. x., 1889, p. 276; Bridges, “La Tierra del Fuego, etc.,â€Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xiv., 1893; and O. Nordenskjold, “Das Feuerland,â€Geog. Zeitsch., vol. ii., p. 663, Leipzig, 1896.