Knapp, Chairman I. C. C., letter to Senate committee,285Knapp, Chairman I. C. C., analysis of same,286Knapp, Chairman I. C. C., on fair returns for railway investments,113Kruttschnitt, Julius, on railway mail pay,142
Land grants unremunerative to railways,76Lane, Commissioner I. C. C., on relation of capitalization to rates,84Leather belting, freight rates on,112Legislation adds to expense of railways,74Lighting cars,130Lincoln, Abraham, in Mississippi bridge case,131Living, cost of,329Living, cost of, for normal families, 1901,330Locomotives, cost, 1897-1907,194Locomotives, cost to build in Australia,316Locomotives, development,129Locomotives, hauling power measured by weight, not revenues,149Locomotives, number and capacity, 1902 to 1909,315Low freight rates, how made possible,104Lumber, relation of freight charge to price,100
Mail carrying made unremunerative,143Mail cars stronger and cost more,146Mail pay, railway,142Mail, receipts for carrying,350Mail, receipts from, compared with other receipts,144Mail routes, effect of heavy traffic on,155Management, railway, a learned profession,210Manufactures earn more than railways,77Margin between earnings and expenses narrow,114Massachusetts railroad commission commended,236Meat, effect of freight charge on price,92Mexican railway situation,226Mileage by states, 1907, 1908 and 1909,307Mileage of American railways, 1909,306Mileage, ratio to area and population,307Mileage, 1890 to 1909,308Miles built in 1890-1909, by states,308Mississippi river, first bridge across,131Money for improvements must be earned or borrowed,50Municipal bodies unfitted for business enterprises,256
McCain, C. C., on diminished purchasing power of railway earnings,165McPherson, Logan G., on transportation charge and prices,90
National aid for internal improvements,19National Board of Trade opposes changes in I. C. Law,290National development and the railways,112Nationalization, arguments for,246Nationalization, arguments against,247Nationalization of the railways,238Nationalized railways a field for social experiments,257New England, early railways of,8Nomenclature, changes in,293
Ores, relation of freight rates to values,98Ownership of American railways,345Ownership of the Great Northern,98Owners of railways not opposed to nationalization,238
Pacific Northwest, railways of,45Panic of 1837, effect on railways,117Passenger cars, number, 1902-1909,317Passenger service compared with mail service,151Passenger traffic, 1909,346Passenger traffic, relation of accidents to,376Passenger traffic, statistics concerning, 1888 to 1909,348Pay, increase in average daily compensation,334Pay of British railway employes,326Pay of foreign railway employes,327Pay roll, proportion to gross earnings, 1899-1909,325Pennsylvania R. R. Co., first report of engineer,21Pennsylvania R. R. Co., how located,24Pennsylvania R. R. Co. in 1848 and 1909,44Pennsylvania R. R. Co. owned by 50,000 people,218Petroleum, relation of freight charge to price of,99Physical valuation and rate making,83Physical valuation, Senator Cummins on,343Policy of fairness and liberality needed,62Popular hostility to the railroads,212Postal cars, increasing cost of,158Postal cars, pay for,157Postal deficit, cause of,160Potatoes, effect of freight charge on price,92Poultry, freight rates on,111Preference, undue, would increase under nationalization,255Pre-railway era in America,5Pre-railway era in England,5Prices and actual rates,191Prices, relative, wholesale,182Prices, retail, London and New York,336Prices, retail, of principal articles, 1890-1909,382Priestley, Neville, on American railways,78Private capital, dependence on,87Private corporations, railway companies are,207Private property, railways are,75Problems confronting railways, Daniel Willard on,66Problems of construction and operation essentially different,244Problems, railroad, of to-day, J. B. Thayer on,211Property rights involved in fixing rates,266Proportion of pay roll to gross earnings, 1899-1909,325Prosperity of the country depends on prosperous railways,115Public and the railroads, John C. Spooner on,205Public approval and the railroads, E. P. Ripley on,199"Public be damned," origin of saying,200Public control and private ownership, are they compatible?,204Public sentiment rules in the United States,200Public service of American railways,346
Rails, their evolution,132Railway mail pay in 1899 reported not excessive,132Railways, American, are private property,75Railways essential to happiness of American people,205Railways, situation of, to-day, Frank Trumbull on,80Rates before the era of railways,5Rates by I. C. C., groups, 1897-1908,186Rates, discussion of how made,272Rates in United States must be elastic,277Rates made to get the business,74Rates measured in money, 1897-1907,184Rates must fluctuate to meet conditions,278Rates, true principle of making, recognized from the first,43Raw materials, how rates are adjusted on,104Reasonable rates, right to make, fundamental,265Rebates past,202Receiverships, railway, since 1876,384Reduction in railway mail pay not warranted in 1899,146Reductions, no, without the right to advance,280Relations of railways to the state,220Relative cost of mail, freight and passenger service,152Refrigerators, freight rates on,109Regulate, how shall government,233Regulation, cost of,174Regulation, cost of, increase since 1888,385Regulation of American railways,300Regulation, just, welcomed by the railways,215Results, comparative, 1889, 1899 and 1909,295Retrospect of four years,80Returns from mail, freight and passengers compared,148Revolution, highways before and after,8Right of railways to fix rates recognized,262Ripley, E. P., on the railways and public approval,199Risk in railway investments,46Roosevelt, President, rejects over-capitalization theory,107
Safety appliances,320Safety in railway operation progressive,116Safety of American railways,368Seattle, James J. Hill at,45Senate committee concerning advance in railway rates,261Shareholders, number of railway,345Ship subsidy criticised,51Shippers protected under existing law,263Shoes, effect of freight charge on price of,93Signaling, development of railway,122Smith, A. H., on progressive safety in railway operation,116Socialistic aspect of nationalization of railways,239Southern products increase in 25 years,60Southern railways and their needs,58Southern railways crippled by the civil war,58Southern railways, mileage of,59Spooner, John C., on railroads and the public,205Stage line, first, between New York and Philadelphia,6State control or state ownership,228State ownership by autocracy,229State ownership not favored in America,223State ownership widely extended,222Standard time, adoption of,136Statistics of American railways, 1909,291Statistics of foreign railways,386Steamboat, when first a commercial success,13Sugar beets, relation of freight rate to industry,97Sugar, effect of freight charge on price of,97Supplies, cost of railway,171-194Supreme court gives control of rates to carriers,263Surplus of freight cars in 1908-1909,318Swiss railway employes, number and pay of,328
Tacoma, James J. Hill at,54Tacoma waking up,48Taxes, 1889-1909,363Taxes, increase, 1897-1907,174Terminals, increased cost of,47Thayer, J. B., on railroad problems of to-day,211Tobacco, effect of freight charge on price of,96Tolls on turnpikes,17Tonnage, classified,189Tonnage, water, at Duluth leads the world,53Tracks, all, mileage of, in the United States,312Tracks, all, mileage of, in the United Kingdom,313Train despatching,126Transportation charge and prices, Logan G. McPherson on,90Transportation needs anticipated in America,59Trespassers, fatalities to,139Trumbull, Frank, on railroad situation of to-day,80Turnpikes, capitalization of,16Turnpikes, the early American,10
United Kingdom railways, statistics of,389
Valuation, physical,343Vastness of railway industry,118
Wages, effect of increase on C. B. & Q.,69Wages, railway, in the United States and abroad,76Wages, railway employes, 1897-1907,166Wages, railway, per day, 1897-1907,167Wages, railway, 1909,322Wages, railway, per day, 1892-1909,324Wagon roads into interior of America,14Wallace, John F., on needs of Southern railroads,58"Watered Stock" discussed by James J. Hill,46Watermelons, relation of freight charge to the industry,101Wearing apparel, effect of freight charge on price,94"What the traffic will bear" misconstrued,200Wheat margin between production and consumption,55Wheat, the problem of, discussed by James J. Hill,54Willard, Daniel, on American railway problems,65World railways, mileage of, 1840 to 1909,392
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTEFractions have been left in the form a/b except for ¼ ½ ¾. A dozen or so occurrences of 'nn a-b' have been changed to 'nn-a/b', mainly on pages 27-40, for consistency.Footnote anchors in a table are of the form (a) and the corresponding Footnote is placed at the bottom of that table. Other Footnote anchors are of the form[A]with placement at the end of that Chapter.Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.The Table of Contents has been expanded to include the seventeen sections under the 'Statistics' chapter atpage 291.Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example: employes, employees; pay roll, pay-roll; reconnoissance; asperse.Pg 15, 'would built' replaced by 'would build'.Pg 19, 'incontestible' replaced by 'incontestable'.Pg 38, column headings, copied from the earlier similar table onpg 36, have been added to this table for clarity.Pg 42, 'transhipment' replaced by 'transshipment'.Pg 97, 'Oamha' replaced by 'Omaha'.Pg 97, 'remainding' replaced by 'remaining'.Pg 133, 'uniformily' replaced by 'uniformly'.Pg 177, missing Table Footnote '(a) January to July, only.' added.Pg 181Footnote [F], '89 and 95' replaced by '89 to 95'.Pg 200, 'correst' replaced by 'correct'.Pg 205, 'leachlike' replaced by 'leechlike'.Pg 210, 'inocuous' replaced by 'innocuous'.Pg 226, 'parlimentary' replaced by 'parliamentary'.Pg 272, 'is practical' replaced by 'its practical'.Pg 295, '(m = 1,000.)' replaced by '(m = 1,000; d = decrease.)'.Pg 298, 'phenomenonally' replaced by 'phenomenally'.Pg 316, 'direct charges' replaced by 'Indirect charges'.Pg 316, '$250,635.34' replaced by '$240,635.34'.Pg 318, Table 11th row, 'XII' replaced by 'XI'.Pg 331, 'arbitraters' replaced by 'arbitrators'.Pg 335, 'desponding' replaced by 'despondent'.Pg 357, Table note (b), 'Bureau 99' replaced by 'Bureau in'.Pg 357, Table note (b), 'December, in 10' replaced by 'December, is'.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
Fractions have been left in the form a/b except for ¼ ½ ¾. A dozen or so occurrences of 'nn a-b' have been changed to 'nn-a/b', mainly on pages 27-40, for consistency.
Footnote anchors in a table are of the form (a) and the corresponding Footnote is placed at the bottom of that table. Other Footnote anchors are of the form[A]with placement at the end of that Chapter.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
The Table of Contents has been expanded to include the seventeen sections under the 'Statistics' chapter atpage 291.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example: employes, employees; pay roll, pay-roll; reconnoissance; asperse.
Pg 15, 'would built' replaced by 'would build'.Pg 19, 'incontestible' replaced by 'incontestable'.Pg 38, column headings, copied from the earlier similar table onpg 36, have been added to this table for clarity.Pg 42, 'transhipment' replaced by 'transshipment'.Pg 97, 'Oamha' replaced by 'Omaha'.Pg 97, 'remainding' replaced by 'remaining'.Pg 133, 'uniformily' replaced by 'uniformly'.Pg 177, missing Table Footnote '(a) January to July, only.' added.Pg 181Footnote [F], '89 and 95' replaced by '89 to 95'.Pg 200, 'correst' replaced by 'correct'.Pg 205, 'leachlike' replaced by 'leechlike'.Pg 210, 'inocuous' replaced by 'innocuous'.Pg 226, 'parlimentary' replaced by 'parliamentary'.Pg 272, 'is practical' replaced by 'its practical'.Pg 295, '(m = 1,000.)' replaced by '(m = 1,000; d = decrease.)'.Pg 298, 'phenomenonally' replaced by 'phenomenally'.Pg 316, 'direct charges' replaced by 'Indirect charges'.Pg 316, '$250,635.34' replaced by '$240,635.34'.Pg 318, Table 11th row, 'XII' replaced by 'XI'.Pg 331, 'arbitraters' replaced by 'arbitrators'.Pg 335, 'desponding' replaced by 'despondent'.Pg 357, Table note (b), 'Bureau 99' replaced by 'Bureau in'.Pg 357, Table note (b), 'December, in 10' replaced by 'December, is'.