STUDIES IN HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAWEDITED BY THEFACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.VOLUME I, 1891-2. Second Edition, 1897. 396 pp.Price, $3.00; bound, $3.50.1. The Divorce Problem—A Study in Statistics. By Walter F. Willcox, Ph. D. Price, 75¢.2. The History of Tariff Administration in the United States, from Colonial Times to the McKinley Administrative Bill. By John Dean Goss, Ph. D. Price, $1.00.3. History of Municipal Land Ownership on Manhattan Island. By George Ashton Black, Ph. D. Price, $1.00.4. Financial History of Massachusetts. By Charles H. J. Douglas, Ph. D. (Not sold separately.)VOLUME II, 1892-93. 503 pp.Price, $3.00; bound, $3.50.1. The Economics of the Russian Village. By Isaac A. Hourwich, Ph. D. (Out of print.)2. Bankruptcy. A Study in Comparative Legislation. By Samuel W. Dunscomb, Jr., Ph. D. Price, $1.00.3. Special Assessments: A Study in Municipal Finance. By Victor Rosewater, Ph. D. Second Edition, 1898. 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Footnotes:
[1]Alex. Stephens,The War Between the States, vol. ii, p. 623; W. T. Sherman,Memoirs, vol. ii, pp. 346-362.
[2]M. C. U., May 9, 1865.
[3]See the account of the gigantic relief operations of the federal army, A. A. C., 1865, p. 392.
[4]M. C. U., May 9, 1865.
[5]Letter from Joseph E. Brown to Andrew Johnson, dated May 20, 1865, in the Department of War, Washington. Brown was arrested on May 10. On May 8, upon surrendering the state troops to the federal general Wilson, he had been paroled. (The parole paper is in the above mentioned archives.) Hence the arrest was a violation of his parole. When Wilson entered into the parole engagement he had not been informed how his superiors would regard the summoning of the legislature. Immediately afterward he probably received orders from the central authorities to arrest Brown. He preferred obeying orders to observing his engagement.
[6]G. O. D. S., 1865, no. 63.
[7]See G. O. D. S., 1865,passim. Also SavannahRepublican, May 1, 2, 3, etc., 1865.
[8]SavannahRepublican, July 4, 1865. See also James Johnson’s proclamation of July 13, 1865, M. F. U. of same date.
[9]M. F. U., July 25, 1865.
[10]U. S. L., vol. 13, 760. The provisional governorship, it may be remarked, was characterized by the Secretary of War as “ancillary to the withdrawal of military force, the disbandment of armies, and the reduction of military expenditure by provisional [civil organizations] to take the place of armed force.” The salaries of the provisional governors were paid from the army contingencies fund. See S. D., 39th Congress, 1st session, no. 26.
[11]U. S. L., vol. 13, p. 764.
[12]M. F. U., July 13, 1865; A. A. C., 1865, p. 394.
[13]M. F. U., August 15, 1865; A. A. C.,loc. cit.
[14]Letter from Brown to Johnson, dated May 20, 1865, archives of the Department of War, Washington.
[15]Letter from Johnson to Stanton dated June 3, 1865, in same archives.
[16]M. F. U., July 11, 1865.
[17]M. F. U., July 18. SavannahRepublican, July 1 and 3.
[18]J. C., 1865, p. 3.
[19]J. C., 1865, p. 8.
[20]Ibid., pp. 17, 18.
[21]Ibid., p. 234. The ordinance to this effect was passed only after a hard fight, and after a telegraphic warning from the President that if it failed the state would fail of restoration. See S. D., 39th Congress, 1st session, no. 26, p. 81.
[22]J. C., 1865, pp. 18 and 28.
[23]S. J., 1865-6, p. 3.
[24]S. D., 39th Congress, 1st session, no. 26, p. 95.
[25]S. L., 1865, p. 313.
[26]M. F. U., December 19 and 26, 1865.
[27]See Jenkins’ message to the legislature, M. F. U., December 19, 1865.
[28]K. K. R., vol. 6, p. 320 (testimony of John B. Gordon).
[29]Report of Carl Schurz on conditions in the South, made in December, 1865. S. D., 39th Congress, 2d session, no. 2.
[30]Report of Carl Schurz on conditions in the South, made in December, 1863. S. D., 39th Congress, 2d session, no. 2.
[31]Art. v, sect. 1, § 1.
[32]Art. ii, sec. 5, § 5.
[33]S. L., 1865-66, p. 6.
[34]S. L., 1865-66, p. 234.
[35]Before, the maximum penalty for rape, arson, and burglary in the night had been imprisonment for 20 years, and for horse stealing imprisonment for 5 years.
[36]S. L., 1865-66, p. 232; 1866, p. 151.
[37]Ibid., 1866, p. 150.
[38]Ibid., 1865-66, p. 233.
[39]S. L., 1866, p. 153.
[40]Ibid., 1865-66, p. 239.
[41]Ibid.
[42]Ibid., p. 240.
[43]Ibid., 241.
[44]S. L., 1866, p. 59.
[45]J. C., 1865, p. 16.
[46]Ibid., p. 17.
[47]Ibid., 137.
[48]S. L., 1866, p. 216. For the governor’s message and the report of the committee to which the amendment was referred, see A. A. C., 1865, p. 352. For a further expression of public opinion, see AtlantaNew Era, October 19, 1866.
[49]S. L., 1865-66, p. 315.
[50]S. L., 1865-66, p. 14, and S. L., 1866, p. 143.
[51]S. L., 1866, p. 219.
[52]Report of Carl Schurz above cited.
[53]C. G., 39th Congress, 1st session. Appendix, p. 1.
[54]One of the Senators elect from Georgia had been Vice-President of the defunct Confederacy.
[55]C. G., 39th Congress, 1st session, p. 2.
[56]R. C., 39th Congress, 1st session, vol. ii, p. iii.
[57]C. G., 39th Congress, 1st session, appendix, p. 82.
[58]C. G., 39th Congress, 1st session, p. 915.
[59]U. S. L., vol. 14, p. 27.
[60]Trumbull’s speech, C. G., 39th Congress, 1st session, p. 474.
[61]R. C., 39th Congress, 1st session, vol. ii.
[62]Senate resolution (by Andrew Johnson), C. G., 37th Congress, 1st session, pp. 243, 265; House resolution (by Crittenden),ibid., pp. 209, 222.
[63]U. S. L., vol. 14, P. 358.
[64]Ibid., p. 173.
[65]U. S. Senate Journal, 39th Congress, 2d session, p. 21.
[66]C. G., 39th Congress, 2d session, p. 814.
[67]Ibid.
[68]C. G., 39th Congress, 2d session, p. 251.
[69]U. S. L., vol. 14, p. 428.
[70]C. G., 39th Congress, 2d session, p. 1076.
[71]U. S. L., vol. 15, p. 2.
[72]Ibid., p. 14.
[73]MississippiversusJohnson, 4 Wallace, 475; GeorgiaversusStanton, 6 Wallace, 51;Ex parteMcCardle, 6 Wallace, 324, and 7 Wallace, 512.
[74]7 Wallace, 700.
[75]TheFederalist, no. 43.
[76]Story on the Constitution, chap. 41 (4th edition).
[77]Cooley on the Constitution, p. 23 (4th edition).
[78]Prize Cases, 2 Black, 687.
[79]Ex parteGarland, 4 Wallace, 333.
[80]Archives of the Department of State, Washington.
[81]C. G., 39th Congress, 2d session, p. 615. For other expressions of the same doctrine, see Cullom’s speech,ibid., p. 814; Sumner’s resolutions, C. G., 39th Congress, 1st session, p. 2; Sumner’s resolutions, C. G., 40th Congress, 2d session, p. 453.
[82]G. O. H., 1867, no. 18 and 104; 1868, no. 55; G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 1; 1868, no. 3 and 108.
[83]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 5.
[84]Ibid., 1867, no. 20.
[85]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 50.
[86]Ibid., 1867, no. 69.
[87]Ibid., 1867, no. 83.
[88]Ibid., 1867, no. 89. Also see Pope’s Report, in R. S. W., 40th Congress, 2d session, vol. i, p. 320.
[89]There is a slight inaccuracy in the official figures.
[90]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 89.
[91]Georgia Constitution of 1868, art. i, sec. i.
[92]Ibid., art. i, sect. xi.
[93]Ibid., art. ii, sect. ii.
[94]Ibid., art. ii, sect. vii, § 10.
[95]Ibid., art. i, sect. xxii.
[96]Ibid., art. vi, sect. i.
[97]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 39 and 40.
[98]Ibid., no. 76, 90 and 93. Also, E. D., 40th Congress 2d session, no. 300.
[99]Pope’s Report in R. S. W., 40th Congress, 2d session, vol. i, p. 320.
[100]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 1.
[101]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 10.
[102]For the correspondence between Jenkins and Pope see A. A. C., 1867, p. 363.
[103]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 49.
[104]Ibid., 1867, no. 45.
[105]Ibid., 1867, no. 28.
[106]Ibid., 1867, no. 69.
[107]S. O. T. M. D., 1867,passim.
[108]G. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 53.
[109]S. O. T. M. D., 1867, no. 92, 100, 104.
[110]Ibid., 1867, no. 263.
[111]These figures are compiled from the special orders of the Third Military District.
[112]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 22.
[113]Ordinance of Dec. 20, 1867, J. C., 1867-8, p. 564.
[114]Avery,History of Georgia, p. 378.
[115]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 8. Meade acted with the greatest courtesy, and the relations between him and the officers remained friendly. See Meade’s letter to Jenkins, A. A. C., 1867, p. 367. The removal of the treasurer was a formality to preserve the appearance of due discipline; Jones was allowed to retain the money then in the treasury, and to use it in paying the state debt and other expenses of the state government. See his report to the legislature, Sept. 18, 1868; H. J., 1868, p. 359.
[116]J. C., 1867-8, p. 581.
[117]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 12 and 17.
[118]S. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 112.
[119]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 39 and 57.
[120]Ibid., 1868, no. 58.
[121]Ibid., 1868, no. 51.
[122]Ibid., 1868, no. 54.
[123]Ibid., 1868, no. 57.
[124]Ibid., 1868, no. 27 and 37.
[125]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 27, 55, 99, 123, 136, and 148.
[126]M. F. U., Oct. 29, 1867.
[127]AtlantaNew Era, Nov. 16, 1866; March 13, 1867; March 19, 1867.
[128]Testimony of John B. Gordon, K. K. R., vol. 6, p. 308.
[129]AtlantaNew Era, March 13, 16 and 30, 1867.
[130]M. F. U., Oct. 29 and Nov. 5, 1867.
[131]A. A. C., 1868, p. 309.
[132]Testimony before the reconstruction committee, H. M. D., 40th Congress, 2d session, no. 52, p. 26. See also M. F. U., March 10 and 17, 1867.
[133]Tribune Almanac for 1869, p. 78.
[134]U. S. L., vol. 15, Public Laws, p. 41.
[135]See sects. 5 and 6.
[136]The vote in Alabama on the adoption of the constitution resulted in favor of adoption; but less than half of the registered voters voted, and the vote was taken before the passage of the act of March 11, 1868, above mentioned. Excuse was found by the Republican leaders for waiving this irregularity. C. G., 40th Congress, 2d session, p. 2463.
[137]C. G., 40th Congress, 2d session, p. 2859 (Trumbull’s speech).
[138]U. S. L., vol. 15, Public Acts, p. 73.
[139]S. J., 1868. p. 3.
[140]The Iron Clad or Test Oath, to the effect that the person swearing had never borne arms against the United States, or in any way served the Confederacy. U. S. L., vol. 12, p. 502.
[141] G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 61.
[142]S. R., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 192, p. 38. See also C. G., 41st Congress, 1st session, p. 594.
[143]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 98.
[144]S. R., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 192, p. 7.
[145]Ibid.See also H. J., 1868, p. 25.
[146]S. J., 1868, p. 34.
[147]H. J., 1868, pp. 36, 44.
[148]S. R., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 192, p. 8.
[149]S. R., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 192, p. 38.
[150]Ibid.
[151]Ibid., p. 13.
[152]H. J., 1868, p. 52.
[153]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 103.
[154]G. O. H., 1868, no. 55.
[155]H. J., 1868, p. 57.
[156]C. G., 40th Congress, 2d session, pp. 4472, 4499, 4500.
[157]H. J., 1868, p. 104.
[158]C. G., 40th Congress, 2d session, p. 4518.
[159]A. A. C., 1868, p. 312.
[160]The most prominent of these was Ex-Governor Brown. He went as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868, but in a speech there declared his opposition to the granting of political power to the negro. Avery,History of Georgia, p. 385.
[161]S. J., 1868, p. 84.
[162]Constitution of 1868, Art. xi, § 3.
[163]Irwin’s Code, 1868, § 1648.
[164]Art. i, sec. 2.
[165]This ingenious argument of intent was made by Bullock. H. J., 1868, p. 300.
[166]WhiteversusClements, Georgia Reports, vol. 39, p. 232.
[167]H. J., 1868, pp. 242, 247. S. J., 1868, pp. 278, 280.
[168]Irwin’s Code, 1868, § 121.
[169]C. G., 40th Congress, 3d session, p. 3.
[170]Ibid., p. 2.
[171]C. G., 40th Congress, 3d session, p. 3.
[172]Richard Taylor,Destruction and Reconstruction.
[173]K. K. R., vol. 6, p. 93 (testimony of Augustus R. Wright); p. 274 (testimony of Ambrose R. Wright); p. 236 (testimony of J. H. Christy); p. 818 (testimony of J. E. Brown).
[174]Ibid., vol. 7, pp. 812, 818 (testimony of J. E. Brown); p. 786 (testimony of B. H. Hill).
[175]Ibid., vol. 6, pp. 21 (testimony of C. D. Forsythe), 118 (testimony of Aug. R. Wright); vol 7, pp. 988 (testimony of Linton Stephens), 1071.
[176]Ibid., vol. 6, pp. 426, 440 (testimony of J. H. Caldwell), 108 (testimony of Aug. R. Wright); vol. 7, p. 818 (testimony of J. E. Brown).
[177]Ibid., vol. 6, p. 344 (testimony of J. B. Gordon).
[178]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 1929 (Trumbull’s remarks).
[179]Report of committee on reconstruction, H. M. D., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 52, pp. 12 (testimony of Akerman), 27 (testimony of J. E. Bryant).
[180]K. K. R., vol. 6, p. 107 (testimony of Aug. R. Wright).
[181]K. K. R., vol. 7, p. 838 (testimony of C. W. Howard).
[182]This statement is corroborated by the testimony of B. H. Hill, K. K. R., vol. 7, p. 767.
[183]C. G., 40th Congress, 3d session, p. 2.
[184]S. R., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 192.
[185]C. G., 40th Congress, 3d session, p. 27.
[186]Ibid., p. 144.
[187]Ibid., pp. 10 and 674.
[188]H. M. D., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 52.
[189]U. S. L., vol. 15, Public Laws, p. 257.
[190]C. G., 40th Congress, 3d session, pp. 934, 976. A precedent for this rule was found in the similar treatment of Missouri’s electoral vote in 1821.
[191]C. C. 40th Congress, 3d session, pp. 1057, ff.
[192]G. C., 1867-8, p. 567.
[193]C. G., 41st Congress, 1st session, pp. 16, 18. The committee of elections reported on Jan. 28, 1870, that the Georgia representatives were not entitled to seats in the 41st Congress, having sat in the 40th. R. C., 41st Congress, 2d session, no. 16.
[194]C. G., 41st Congress, 1st session, pp. 8, 263, 591.
[195]U. S. L., vol. 15, appendix, p. xii.
[196]W. A. Dunning,The Civil War and Reconstruction, pp. 226-228, 243.
[197]S. J., 1869, p. 806; H. J., p. 610.
[198]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 251.
[199]Ibid., p. 4.
[200]H. M. D., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 52.
[201]S. D., 41st Congress, 2d session, no. 3.
[202]Ibid.Halleck’s annual report of Nov. 6, 1869, speaks to the same effect. R. S. W., 1869, abridged edition, p. 70.
[203]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 246.
[204]U. S. L., vol. 16, Pub. Laws, p. 59.
[205]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 1710 (Lawrence’s speech).
[206]Ibid., pp. 165 (Carpenter’s speech) and 208 (Conkling’s speech).
[207]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 2062.
[208]Ibid., p. 1710 (Lawrence’s speech).
[209]G. O. T. M. D., 1868, no. 90.
[210]G. O. II., 1870, no. 1. This and other documents relating to Terry’s administration are published in E. D., 41st Congress, 2d session, no. 288.
[211]S. R., first Congress, 2d session, no. 58.
[212]G. O. M. D. G., 1870, no. 2, 14, 16, 17.
[213]S. O. M. D. G., no. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 17.
[214]Ibid., no. 10 and 11.
[215]H. J., 1870, p. 3.
[216]S. J., 1870, p. 3; H. J., p. 7.
[217]H. J., p. 17.
[218]S. J., 1870., p. 26.
[219]H. J., 1870, p. 3.
[220]Ibid., pp. 19 and 21.
[221]See also a letter from Sherman to Terry, published in K. K. R., vol. i, p. 311.
[222]Judge Cabaniss in AtlantaConstitution, Jan. 8, 1870.
[223]H. J., 1870, p. 9.
[224]G. O. M. D. G., 1870, no. 3 and 4.
[225]Ibid., no. 9 and 11.
[226]Ibid., no. 9.
[227]Ibid., no. 9 and 11.
[228]AtlantaConstitution, Jan. 27, 1870.
[229]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 1926 (Trumbull’s speech).
[230]H. J., 1870, p. 22.
[231]H. J., 1870, p. 23.
[232]Ibid., p. 25.
[233]Ibid., p. 26.
[234]G. O. M. D. G., 1870, no. 10.
[235]H. J., 1870, p. 33.
[236]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 208.
[237]S. J., 1870, p. 74; H. J., p. 74.
[238]See Bullock’s message, H. J., 1870, p. 52.
[239]H. J., 1870, p. 95.
[240]Ibid., pp. 113, 156.
[241]H. J., 1870, p. 106.
[242]Ibid., p. 140.
[243]Ibid., p. 121.
[244]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 576. For Sherman’s reply see E. D., 41st Congress, 2d session, no. 82.
[245]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 1029.
[246]Ibid., p. 1128.
[247]S. R., 41st Congress, 2d session, no. 58.
[248]ChicagoTribune, Dec. 7, 1868.
[249]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, pp. 1570, 1704.
[250]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 1770.
[251]Ibid.
[252]Ibid., p. 1988.
[253]C. G., 41st Congress, 2d session, p. 2091.
[254]Ibid., pp. 2820, ff.
[255]Ibid., p. 2829.
[256]Ibid., p. 4747.
[257]U. S. L., vol. 16, Public Laws, p. 363.
[258]H. J., 1870, p. 181.
[259]S. J., 1870, vol. ii, p. 29.
[260]Ibid., p. 50; H. J., p. 343.
[261]C. G., 41st Congress, 3d session, pp. 527, 530, 678, 703, 1086.
[262]S. R., 41st Congress, 3d session, no. 308.
[263]C. G., 41st Congress, 3d session, pp. 871, 1632.
[264]J. C., p. 14.
[265]J. C., pp. 16, 17.
[266]Ibid., p. 587.
[267]Ibid., pp. 49, 53.
[268]Ibid., p. 581.
[269]Ibid., p. 75.
[270]Ibid., p. 63.
[271]Ibid., p. 84.
[272]Ibid., pp. 581, 594.
[273]Ibid., p. 68.
[274]J. C., p. 583.
[275]Ibid., p. 593.
[276]Ibid., p. 591.
[277]See J. C., 1865, p. 201 (speech of H. V. Johnson).
[278]J. C., 1867-8, p. 90.
[279]Ibid., p. 39.
[280]Ibid., p. 47.
[281]M. F. U., Dec. 24, 1867, Jan. 7, Jan. 14, 1868.
[282]H. J., 1868, p. 294.
[283]H. J., 1868, p. 303.
[284]S. J., 1868, p. 326.
[285]H. J., 1869, p. 5.
[286]Ibid., p. 228.
[287]H. J., p. 54.
[288]Ibid., p. 260.
[289]Ibid., p. 265.
[290]H. J., 1869, p. 575.
[291]Ibid., 1869, p. 618.
[292]S. J., p. 806.
[293]G. O. M. D. G., 1870, no. 9 and 11.
[294]S. J., 1870, p. 39.
[295]H. J., pp. 34, 40, 84, 88.
[296]The complexion of the legislature when composed of the men elected in April, 1868, was as follows:
After the colored members were expelled and their seats given to the minority candidates, it was as follows:
After the reorganization of 1870 it was as follows:
The figures in the second and third tables are based upon the changes produced only by the official transactions referred to. Perhaps some slight corrections might be made on account of accidental circumstances, such as the non-attendance or death of a few members.
[297]See K. K. R., vol. 6, p. 149; vol. 7, p. 1062.
[298]H. J., 1870, p. 156.
[299]H. M. D., 40th Congress, 3d session, no. 52, p. 27.
[300]SavannahNews, Jan. 12, 1870.
[301]H. J., p. 50.
[302]M. F. U., Feb. 15, 1870
[303]M. F. U., Jan. 25, 1870.
[304]H. J., p. 343.
[305]S. L., 1870, p. 62.
[306]Ibid., p. 431.
[307]Tribune Almanac, 1871, p. 75.
[308]M. F. U., March 14, 8871; AtlantaConstitution, Oct. 26 and 31, 1871.
[309]Art. iii, sect. i, § 3.
[310]S. L., 1870, p. 419.
[311]E. M., 1870-74, p. 197.
[312]See entry of the secretary of state,ibid.
[313]Art. iv, sect. i,§ 4.
[314]E. M., 1870-74, p. 198.