Chapter 8

Age of pupils,44-49;completing secondary schools,48;on entering the university,48;in teachers' seminaries,49.Age of teachers,49.Agriculture,24.America of interest to the Norwegians,173.Apparatus,145-146.Astronomy,177.Attendance at school,54,77.Authority,189.Certificates,80.Centralization of authority,191.Christiania's central kitchen,75,76.Christianity established,20.Church and state united,115,184.Classes, size of,40.Classics, in America,204;in Germany,204;their decline,202.Climate, effects of,183.Co-education,40,210-214;in America,211-213;in Germany,211.Cooking,148.Co-ordination, between grades,149;between subjects,162;of educational agencies,186.Correlation,223;between schools 189,190.Course of study,57,96-181,197-207,209,218,219;aim of,148;changes in,97;development of,97-101,222,223;during middle ages,96;linguistic-historical,31;Latin,31;real,31;secondary,171;suited to people served,219;uniformity of,198.Defective children,186.Department of Ecclesiastical and Educational Affairs,51.Delinquents, mental,187; moral,187.Diocesan directors,52.Discipline in school,76,77.Distribution of schools,34,35.Drawing,146,147.Educational commission,52.Educational attainments, Norway and America compared,216-219;time required,217,218.Educational authority,188.Educational equipment, Norway and America compared,49,50.Educational requirements,27,34;parents held responsible for,55.Educational standards,54,55.Educational system,184,188.Electives,207,208.English,156,172,173;in elementary schools,173;its grammar,156;length of course,173;methods in,156.Examen artium,31.Examinations, uniformity in,188.Exceptional child,186.Eyesight,77,78.Fisheries,24.French,168-170;difficulties in study of,170;length of course,169.Geography,129-134,158,159,177;aim in,129,159;methods of presenting,130-133;of America,133;texts,159.German,154,155,167,168;authors studied,168;methods in,155.Grammar,153,154,156.Gymnasium,100,163-181,207-210.Gymnastic halls,69.Gymnastics,69,70,74,75,148,204-206;apparatus,148;during intermissions,69,70;Swedish system of,75.Hall, G. S.,189,190.Harold, the Fair-Haired,19.Health of pupils,77,78,148,205.History,19,134-139,156-158,174-177;aim of,134,138;beginnings in,134;methods in,157,158,176;of Norway,176;nature of work in,157;related to geography,135;stories,134,135,138.Houses for janitors,70;for principals,70;for teachers in the rural districts,70,71.Ideals of the people,182,183.Illustrative materials,66.Imitation, law of,82.Industrial training,147,148.Industries and occupations,24.Infant schools,53.Intermissions,69,70.Laboratories,67,68,69.Latin,173-174,202;courses in,167;length of course in,174;methods in,174.Libraries,67,68.Lumbering,24.Lunches,75,76,215,216.Lunch rooms,69;in Christiania,215,216.Luther, influence of, on education,184.Lutheran church,114,115.Management of schools,188-191.Manual training,147,148.Martin Luther's influence in education,184.Mathematics,125-129,160,178,179,223;aim in,125;connection between phases of the subject,160;co-ordination in,128;methods in,128,129;texts in,129;thoroughness in,160;use of,128.Medical inspection,77,78.Mental delinquency,187.Methods,72,73,74,82,83,219-222;in German,155;in history,157,158,176;in mother tongue,118,119;in nature study,140;in religion,163,164,200.Middle school,31,32,100,149-162;its aim,149,150;its foundation,149;length of course in,149,150;its limits,149;work of,31,32.Moral delinquents, prevention and care of,187.Mother tongue,118-124,152-154,164-167;aim on instruction in,118;correct use of,123;in America,124;inclusiveness of work in,123,124;methods in,118,119;nature of work in,166,167.Natural history,179-181;laboratory work in,180,181.Nature study,139-146,161,162,179-181;aim of,139;illustrative material in,140-146;character,161,162;laboratory work in,180,181;methods in,140;scope of,139.Norway, adopts constitution,20;area of,22;becomes independent,22;climate of,23;development of,20,183;geography of,22;history of,19;nights in,24;period of transition in,183;political divisions of,22;revolt of,20;its union with Denmark,20;its union with Sweden,20.Normal schools in the United States,193,194.Norwegians, characteristics of,25,26,27;as colonizers,20;as sailors,25;conservative,184,185;democratic,184,185.Observation and practice,83,84.Occupations,24.Offices,67,68.Officials, duties of,188;efficiency of,189.Organization, needed in America,189.Paganism overcome,20.Pedagogical seminary,84,85,185,193,195.Pensions,92,93.People, ideals of,182,183.Permanency of teaching positions,87-89;advantages of,87;objections to,88;present tendencies with reference to,89.Physical culture,204-207.Physician,77,78.Physical geography,177.Political geography,177.Practice teaching,83,84.Private citizens, their part in school affairs,61,62.Primary education,52.Private institutions,81.Private schools,42-44,54,186;equipment of,43;inspection of,43;recognition of,44;secondary,186;teachers' seminaries,186;technical institutes,186;tuition in,43.Primary schools,36-39,185;attendance in,36-39;course of study in,102,104,106;curriculum in,99;rural and city,101;their financing,62.Professional training,33,79-85,194,195;amount of,194,195;attitude toward,194;standards of,33.Promotion of teachers,198.Pupils, in gymnasia,40;in lower schools,40;in middle schools,40.Recitation, method of,72,4.Religion,108-117.Religious characters,114.Religious education,115-117,151,152,163,164,199-202;advantages of,116;excused from,117;loss of interest in,163,164;methods in,163,164,200;objection to,116,117;required,116;results of,115-117.Royal Frederic University,32.Schools, agricultural,33;ambulatory,29;cathedral,30;communal,63;elementary,20,30;gymnasial,30;maintained by industrial concerns,53;middle,30;military,33;peoples',28;state,63;technical,33;their distribution,34,35.School boards, committees of,56;officers of,56;organization of,55,56.School buildings, appointment and equipment of,64-69;construction of,205.School committees, appointed by board,56;duties of,57,58,59.School curriculum,197-207.School discipline,76,77.School districts,53.School funds,62.School grounds,205.School life, in Norway,217,218;in America,217,218.School physician,77,78.School principal,60;duties of,60,61.School room decoration,67.School system, its development,197.School year,54,55;compared with American,50;length of,28;in America,214.Secondary schools,52,149,185;select strongest pupils,149.Sewing,148.Special classes for defectives,186.Special teachers,80.Specialization in university,51.Standards of work,190.Superintendent,60,85;duties of,60.Teachers, attitude toward youth,83;certificates,80;life of,195-197;rooms for,67,68;salaries of,63,91-95;sex of,71,72;special considerations,91,92;their tenure of office,71,72.Teacher's qualifications,79,80,146,196;improvement of,196;in secondary schools,79,80.Teachers' seminaries,83,193;attendance at,42;curricula in,82;private,41;weaknesses of,83;work of,81.Teachers' tenure of office,86-91;in America,89.Teachers' titles,85-86;significance of,86;use of,86.Teachers' training,81,83,84,85,191-195;for secondary schools,85;in Germany,192-193.Teaching as a profession, in Norway,79,80;its value,196.Technical schools,185.Vikings,19.Vocal music, in America,207;its influence,206;Napoleon on,206;nature of, in Norway,147.Writing,146.


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