[7]Report of Nat. Mus., U.S., 1895, p. 336.
[7]Report of Nat. Mus., U.S., 1895, p. 336.
[8]Mr. Hill-Tout differs from my understanding of Dr. Boas's remarks.
[8]Mr. Hill-Tout differs from my understanding of Dr. Boas's remarks.
[9]Frazer,Totemism, pp. 3-5. Dorman, pp. 231-234.
[9]Frazer,Totemism, pp. 3-5. Dorman, pp. 231-234.
[10]MS. of Mrs. Langloh Parker.
[10]MS. of Mrs. Langloh Parker.
[11]J. A. I., vol. xvi. pp. 44, 50, 350. Howitt,Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 144, 387, 388. MS. of Mrs. Langloh Parker.
[11]J. A. I., vol. xvi. pp. 44, 50, 350. Howitt,Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 144, 387, 388. MS. of Mrs. Langloh Parker.
[12]Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ix., xi. p. 72.
[12]Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ix., xi. p. 72.
[13]These are not totems, but "familiars," like the witch's cat or hare.—A. L.
[13]These are not totems, but "familiars," like the witch's cat or hare.—A. L.
[14]The shaman's sons keep on the shaman business, with the paternal familiar. It is not, in my sense, a totem.—A. L.
[14]The shaman's sons keep on the shaman business, with the paternal familiar. It is not, in my sense, a totem.—A. L.
[15]My italics.
[15]My italics.
[16]Brit. Ass., 1902.Report of Ethnol. Survey of Canada, pp. 51-52, 57. A fairy tale about the origin of a society of healing and magical influence.—A. L.
[16]Brit. Ass., 1902.Report of Ethnol. Survey of Canada, pp. 51-52, 57. A fairy tale about the origin of a society of healing and magical influence.—A. L.
[17]Mr. Hill-Tout says elsewhere: "Shamansonlyinherited theirsulia" (he speaks of these personal totems orsulia) "from their fathers; other men had to acquire their own. But this applied only to the dream or vision totem or protective spirit." If a man "met his ghostly guardian in form of a bear," when hunting, he would take it as his "crest" and transmit it. This happened in the case of "Dr. George," who inherited his crest and guardian, the Bear, from his great-grandfather, who met a bear not in a dream but when hunting. (J. A. I., vol. xxxiv. pp. 326, 327.) Such inheritance, in an advanced American tribe of to-day, does not seem to me to corroborate the belief that totems among the many primitive tribes of Australia are the result of inheriting a personal crest or guardian spirit of a male ancestor.
[17]Mr. Hill-Tout says elsewhere: "Shamansonlyinherited theirsulia" (he speaks of these personal totems orsulia) "from their fathers; other men had to acquire their own. But this applied only to the dream or vision totem or protective spirit." If a man "met his ghostly guardian in form of a bear," when hunting, he would take it as his "crest" and transmit it. This happened in the case of "Dr. George," who inherited his crest and guardian, the Bear, from his great-grandfather, who met a bear not in a dream but when hunting. (J. A. I., vol. xxxiv. pp. 326, 327.) Such inheritance, in an advanced American tribe of to-day, does not seem to me to corroborate the belief that totems among the many primitive tribes of Australia are the result of inheriting a personal crest or guardian spirit of a male ancestor.
[18]Transactions, ix. p. 76.
[18]Transactions, ix. p. 76.
[19]Fifth Report on the Physical Characteristics, &c., of the N.W. Tribes of Canada, B.A.A.S., p. 24. London, 1889.
[19]Fifth Report on the Physical Characteristics, &c., of the N.W. Tribes of Canada, B.A.A.S., p. 24. London, 1889.
[20]The myths, in fact, vary; the myth of descent from the totem also occurs even in these tribes. (Hartland,Folk Lore, xi. I, pp. 60-61. Boas,Nat. Mus. Report, 1895, pp. 331, 336, 375.)—A. L.
[20]The myths, in fact, vary; the myth of descent from the totem also occurs even in these tribes. (Hartland,Folk Lore, xi. I, pp. 60-61. Boas,Nat. Mus. Report, 1895, pp. 331, 336, 375.)—A. L.
[21]Cf. Mr. Hartland inFolk Lore, ut supra.
[21]Cf. Mr. Hartland inFolk Lore, ut supra.
[22]Frazer,Totemism, pp. 3-5.
[22]Frazer,Totemism, pp. 3-5.
[23]For the full account ofSibokosee Chapter II.,supra.
[23]For the full account ofSibokosee Chapter II.,supra.
[24]Kamilaroi and Kurnai, pp. 71, 72.
[24]Kamilaroi and Kurnai, pp. 71, 72.
[25]Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 143, 144.
[25]Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 143, 144.