A.Abolitionists, views on reconstruction,60-61.Adams, C. F., candidate for presidential nomination,287.Advertiser, Boston, Sidney Andrews as correspondent for,28.Advertiserof Montgomery, and education,212.Agriculture in the South,267-269,271,273-274.Alabama, corruption,10-11; poverty,14; Protestant Episcopal churches closed,23; labor,47,110,268; negro legislation,97; courts,111; and Fourteenth Amendment,132; negro voters,151,222; constitutional convention,153; constitution,153-154,155; abstention policy,155,156,158,223; readmitted,157,170; Union League in,189; negro churches,206; schools,215; illiterate magistrates,225; negro legislators,226; taxes,231; public debt,232; decrease in property values,233; value of railroads,236; negro voting,238; two governments in,239; legislature,240; vigilance committee,245; Ku Klux in,246; partially Democratic in 1870,260; permits mixed marriages,276; and radicalism,290; election (1874),293.Alabamaclaims,283.Alabama, University of,3,210,216.Alexandria (Va.), Virginia Government transferred to,65,74.Alvord, J. W., quoted,211.Amendments,seeConstitution.Ames, General Adelbert, commands military district,141 (note).Amnesty, Johnson's proclamation,9,75; use of pardoning power,87; Act of 1872,288-289; measure (1876),295.Anderson, T. C., of Louisiana,298.Andrew, J. A., Governor of Massachusetts, reconstruction policy,61-62,68.Andrews, General Garnett, on fear of negroes,278.Andrews, Sidney, correspondent for BostonAdvertiser,28.Appomattox, Grant at,280.Arkansas,262; recognizes "Union" State government,18; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862),65; Johnson recognizes government,74; negro labor,99; representatives refused admission to Congress,119; abstention policy in regard to constitution,155,156,170; schools,215; scalawags in,222; corruption,233; railroad grant,235; split in state government,239; election (1874),293.Armstrong's Hampton Institute,seeHampton Institute.Army, officers assist civil authorities in South,75-76; utilizes negro labor,99-100; military rule in South,135,140et seq.;see alsoOccupation, Army of.Ashley, J. M., of Ohio,160.Atlanta (Ga.), post-war condition,5.Attakapas Parish (La.), Ku Klux incident,254-255.B.Banks, General Nathaniel, and captured slaves,99.Baptist Church,198,202.Beauregard, General P. G. T., on negro suffrage,147-148.Bingham, J. A., and impeachment of Johnson,166.Black, Jeremiah, and impeachment of Johnson,166."Black Belt," post-war condition,40-41; industrial revolution in,265-267; and whites,271; cotton production,271-272 (note); domination of South by,304;seealsoSouth.Black Cavalry,245.Black Friday episode,283."Black Laws,"89-90,93-98,115-116,127,141;see alsoNegroes,legislation.Blaine, J. G., quoted,125; and Republican party,295.Blair, F. P., of Missouri, Democratic nomination (1868),168-169."Bloody shirt" issue in campaign of 1876,295-296.Border States, reconstruction in,85-86;see alsoSouth.Botts, J. M., of Virginia,107.Boutwell, G. S., radical leader,122,125; and tenure of office act,134; and impeachment of Johnson,166.Boynton, General H. V. N., on Southern need of supplies,5-6.Bradley, Justice J. P., on electoral commission,300."Brothers and Sisters of Pleasure and Prosperity,"275.Brown, J. E., Governor of Georgia, and negro education,212.Brown, Gratz, candidate for presidential nomination,287.Brownlow, W. G., Governor of Tennessee,224.Bruce, B. K., negro senator,242 (note).Buchanan, General R. C., commands military district in South,141 (note).Bullock County (Ala.), Union League in,192.Butler, General B. F., and negro labor,99; radical,125; and impeachment of Johnson,160,166.C.Campbell, Judge, Lincoln gives reconstruction terms to,67.Canby, General, commands military department in South,140-141 (note),163.Cardozo, school official in Mississippi,216.Carpetbaggers, appointed to Federal offices,80; in radical Republican party,149; in conventions,153; and Union League,193; and religion,205; rule in South,221et seq.; use of term,222; and equal rights issue,275-276; government in hands of,289 (note); against scalawags,292.Carter, Speaker of Louisiana Legislature, and railroad bills,235.Catholic Church,23,198.Chamberlain, D. H., Governor of South Carolina,225.Charleston (S. C.), post-war condition,5.Chase, S. P., counsels against seizure of cotton,9; and negro suffrage,28,50,132; opposed to military reconstruction,159;advises Johnson against suspending Stanton,163; and impeachment of Johnson,166-167.Civil Rights Act,84,137,141,277.Clanton, General J. H., of Alabama, on position of whites,250.Clayton, Judge, of Alabama, opinion of Freedmen's Bureau,90.Clayton, Mrs.,Black and White under the Old Régime, quoted,38-39.Cleveland, soldiers' and sailors' convention at,130; Union League formed (1862),176-177.Clinton (Miss.), race conflict in,237 (note).Cloud, school official in Alabama,216.Colfax, Schuyler, candidate for Vice President (1868),168.Colfax (La.), race conflict in,237 (note).Columbia (S. C.), post-war condition,5.Congress, impatient of executive precedence,65-66,119-120; and Southern representatives,80,86,119-120,128; refuses to recognize reconstructed governments,81; Joint Committee on Reconstruction,82,84,121,125-126,127,129-130,131,198,266 (note); Fourteenth Amendment,82,85,130;see alsoConstitution; radical reconstruction plans,83-84; radicalism,83-84,118et seq.,285; Civil Rights Act,84,137,141,277; and Johnson,126et seq.; assumes control of reconstruction,129,142-143; Tenure of Office Act,134; Army Appropriation Act,134; reconstruction acts,134-137,158-160; supreme control,140; and Supreme Court,158-159; impeachment of President,160et seq.; and Grant,171; negro members,230,242; Committee on the Condition of the South,241; Committee on the Late Insurrectionary States,241; enforcement acts,260,261-262,290,292,303; "Ku Klux Bill,"261,262; committee to investigate conditions in Southern States,262; Amnesty Act (1872),288-289; decline of radicalism,289 (note),290; investigates election,294; amnesty measure (1876),295; Electoral Commission,299-300; deadlocked by party issues,302.Connecticut and negro suffrage,285.Constitution, Johnson and,72,162; Thirteenth Amendment,79; Fourteenth Amendment,82,84,85,130,131-133,135-136,137,156,172; Fifteenth Amendment,169-170,171,172,222,290.Constitutional conventions in South,152et seq.Constitutional Union Guards,245.Conway, school official in Louisiana,216.Copperheads,176.Cotton, tax on,8; seized,9-11; destruction of,11; production (1880),271-272 (note).Council of Safety,245.Coushatta (La.), race conflict in,237 (note).Cowan, administration Republican,122.Credit Mobilier,282.Crittenden-Johnson resolutions,55,69.Cuba, United States and,284.Cumberland Presbyterian Church,204.Cummingsvs. Missouri,159.Curry, J. L. M., and negro education,212,214-215.Curtis, B. R., counsel at impeachment,166.D.Davis, David, candidate for presidential nomination,287; and Electoral Commission,300.Davis, Jefferson, prayer in Church for,23; succeeded by negro in Senate,230; disfranchised,289; and amnesty,295.Davis, Nicholas, characterizes Lakin,205-206.De Bow, J. D. B., on negro labor,266 (note).Democratic party, and Crittenden-Johnson resolutions,55,69; at end of war,70; Douglas Democrats,70,87; and Johnson,70,88,138; "Democratic and Conservative" party,150; platform (1868),169; Union League and,188,190-191; in Congress from South,230; Southern Unionists turn to,277; and Civil Rights Act,277; "New Departure," Democrats,287; supports Greeley,288; and election of 1876,297-298; and Electoral Commission,300; during period of adjustment,302,303.Dennison, William, resigns from Cabinet,131.District of Columbia, negro suffrage in,134; corruption,282.Dixon, James, administration Republican,122.Dixon, W. H.,29.Doolittle, administration Republican,122.Douglass, Frederick, quoted,37-38.E.Eaton, John, chaplain in Grant's army,99.Eaton, Colonel John,106.Education, negro,45; Freedmen's Bureau and,111-112; in South,208-220.Elections under carpetbag rule,237-239.Electoral Commission,299-300.Emancipation Proclamation,36,176.Enforcement acts,260-261,290,292,303.Episcopal Church,198,204.Evarts, W. M., counsel at impeachment,166.Ewing, Thomas, nominated Secretary of War,164.F.Fessenden, General, Freedmen's Bureau official,106.Fessenden, W. P., moderate Republican,122; and negro suffrage,132.Finance, post-war condition in South,2,5; war taxes,8; license taxes,76; repudiation of Confederate war debt,77,130; under military governors,145-146; effect of bad government in South,230-236; credit system,270; readjustments,283; panic of 1873,283.Fish, C. R.,The Path of Empire, cited,284 (note).Fisk, General, criticism of Kentucky Legislature,113.Fisk, James,283,286.Florida, negro colony in,36; negro legislation,96; and Fourteenth Amendment,132; negro voters,151; schools,215; recitation in negro school,218-219; and reconstruction government,221; corruption,226; taxes,231; decrease in property values,233; Equal Rights Law,276; and radicals,294,295; election of 1876,297,298.Forrest, General, Grand Wizard of Ku Klux,248,259.Freedmen,seeNegroes.Freedmen's Aid Societies,177,207,213.Freedmen's Bureau,38,81,82,85,86,90,126,161,187; confiscable property turned over to,11; official describes conditions in South,13-14; as relief agency,15; in Kentucky,26; as publicity agent,28; and contract labor,46; on relations between races,48; agitators from,53; extension,74,84,128,129; and negroes,80,142,149,175; views of North carried out in,89; influence on legislation and government,94,97,143; officials of,97,98-99; character of,98; established (1865),102-103; functions,103-104,107-109; objections to,104-105,112-113; organization,105-107; courts,110-111,113-114; educational work,111-112; political possibilities,115; results,116-117; and radicals,131,156; Union League and,177,188,194 (note),195; negro education,213.Freedmen's Bureau Act,128,129,137.Freedmen's Inquiry Commission,101."Freedmen's Readers,"218.Frémont, J. C., and the radicals,119.Fullerton, General, and Freedmen's Bureau,106,113; on treatment of negroes,112-113.G.Garfield, J. A.,132.Garland,ex parte,159.Geneva Arbitration (1872),283.Georgetown (D. C.), vote on negro suffrage in,134.Georgia, poverty in,14; government relief,15; negro colony in,36; courts,111,113; military government,143,144; suit against Stanton,159; military rule resumed,170; reconstruction in,171-172,221; legislature,172,240; representatives in Congress,172,289 (note); negro voters,222; Godkin characterizes officials of,226; holds mixed marriages illegal,276; conservatives gain control in,290; election (1868),299.Gillem, General, commands military department,141 (note).Godkin, E. L., quoted,180 (note); on Georgia politicians,226.Gordon, J. B., and negro education,212.Gould, Jay,283,286.Grant, U. S.,186,224,280,297; urges use of white troops in South,21; orders arrest of paroled Confederates,22; report on South,28,29; protests arrest of Southern military leaders,74; and captured slaves,99; and Freedmen's Bureau,106; Army Appropriation Act,134; radicalism,141 (note),239-240; Congress gives full powers to,143; temporarily Secretary of War,163; and Stanton,163,165; nominated by National Union party,168; elected President,169; reconstruction,171; and enforcement acts,260-261; expansionist,283-284; vote for,285-286; appointees,286; reëlection,288; refuses to interfere in Mississippi,291; restores Kellogg to office,294.Greeley, Horace, candidate for Presidency,287-288.Greene, S. S., quoted,208.Groesbeck, W. S., counsel at impeachment,166.Guthrie, James, Democratic leader,122.
Abolitionists, views on reconstruction,60-61.Adams, C. F., candidate for presidential nomination,287.Advertiser, Boston, Sidney Andrews as correspondent for,28.Advertiserof Montgomery, and education,212.Agriculture in the South,267-269,271,273-274.Alabama, corruption,10-11; poverty,14; Protestant Episcopal churches closed,23; labor,47,110,268; negro legislation,97; courts,111; and Fourteenth Amendment,132; negro voters,151,222; constitutional convention,153; constitution,153-154,155; abstention policy,155,156,158,223; readmitted,157,170; Union League in,189; negro churches,206; schools,215; illiterate magistrates,225; negro legislators,226; taxes,231; public debt,232; decrease in property values,233; value of railroads,236; negro voting,238; two governments in,239; legislature,240; vigilance committee,245; Ku Klux in,246; partially Democratic in 1870,260; permits mixed marriages,276; and radicalism,290; election (1874),293.Alabamaclaims,283.Alabama, University of,3,210,216.Alexandria (Va.), Virginia Government transferred to,65,74.Alvord, J. W., quoted,211.Amendments,seeConstitution.Ames, General Adelbert, commands military district,141 (note).Amnesty, Johnson's proclamation,9,75; use of pardoning power,87; Act of 1872,288-289; measure (1876),295.Anderson, T. C., of Louisiana,298.Andrew, J. A., Governor of Massachusetts, reconstruction policy,61-62,68.Andrews, General Garnett, on fear of negroes,278.Andrews, Sidney, correspondent for BostonAdvertiser,28.Appomattox, Grant at,280.Arkansas,262; recognizes "Union" State government,18; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862),65; Johnson recognizes government,74; negro labor,99; representatives refused admission to Congress,119; abstention policy in regard to constitution,155,156,170; schools,215; scalawags in,222; corruption,233; railroad grant,235; split in state government,239; election (1874),293.Armstrong's Hampton Institute,seeHampton Institute.Army, officers assist civil authorities in South,75-76; utilizes negro labor,99-100; military rule in South,135,140et seq.;see alsoOccupation, Army of.Ashley, J. M., of Ohio,160.Atlanta (Ga.), post-war condition,5.Attakapas Parish (La.), Ku Klux incident,254-255.
Banks, General Nathaniel, and captured slaves,99.Baptist Church,198,202.Beauregard, General P. G. T., on negro suffrage,147-148.Bingham, J. A., and impeachment of Johnson,166.Black, Jeremiah, and impeachment of Johnson,166."Black Belt," post-war condition,40-41; industrial revolution in,265-267; and whites,271; cotton production,271-272 (note); domination of South by,304;seealsoSouth.Black Cavalry,245.Black Friday episode,283."Black Laws,"89-90,93-98,115-116,127,141;see alsoNegroes,legislation.Blaine, J. G., quoted,125; and Republican party,295.Blair, F. P., of Missouri, Democratic nomination (1868),168-169."Bloody shirt" issue in campaign of 1876,295-296.Border States, reconstruction in,85-86;see alsoSouth.Botts, J. M., of Virginia,107.Boutwell, G. S., radical leader,122,125; and tenure of office act,134; and impeachment of Johnson,166.Boynton, General H. V. N., on Southern need of supplies,5-6.Bradley, Justice J. P., on electoral commission,300."Brothers and Sisters of Pleasure and Prosperity,"275.Brown, J. E., Governor of Georgia, and negro education,212.Brown, Gratz, candidate for presidential nomination,287.Brownlow, W. G., Governor of Tennessee,224.Bruce, B. K., negro senator,242 (note).Buchanan, General R. C., commands military district in South,141 (note).Bullock County (Ala.), Union League in,192.Butler, General B. F., and negro labor,99; radical,125; and impeachment of Johnson,160,166.
Campbell, Judge, Lincoln gives reconstruction terms to,67.Canby, General, commands military department in South,140-141 (note),163.Cardozo, school official in Mississippi,216.Carpetbaggers, appointed to Federal offices,80; in radical Republican party,149; in conventions,153; and Union League,193; and religion,205; rule in South,221et seq.; use of term,222; and equal rights issue,275-276; government in hands of,289 (note); against scalawags,292.Carter, Speaker of Louisiana Legislature, and railroad bills,235.Catholic Church,23,198.Chamberlain, D. H., Governor of South Carolina,225.Charleston (S. C.), post-war condition,5.Chase, S. P., counsels against seizure of cotton,9; and negro suffrage,28,50,132; opposed to military reconstruction,159;advises Johnson against suspending Stanton,163; and impeachment of Johnson,166-167.Civil Rights Act,84,137,141,277.Clanton, General J. H., of Alabama, on position of whites,250.Clayton, Judge, of Alabama, opinion of Freedmen's Bureau,90.Clayton, Mrs.,Black and White under the Old Régime, quoted,38-39.Cleveland, soldiers' and sailors' convention at,130; Union League formed (1862),176-177.Clinton (Miss.), race conflict in,237 (note).Cloud, school official in Alabama,216.Colfax, Schuyler, candidate for Vice President (1868),168.Colfax (La.), race conflict in,237 (note).Columbia (S. C.), post-war condition,5.Congress, impatient of executive precedence,65-66,119-120; and Southern representatives,80,86,119-120,128; refuses to recognize reconstructed governments,81; Joint Committee on Reconstruction,82,84,121,125-126,127,129-130,131,198,266 (note); Fourteenth Amendment,82,85,130;see alsoConstitution; radical reconstruction plans,83-84; radicalism,83-84,118et seq.,285; Civil Rights Act,84,137,141,277; and Johnson,126et seq.; assumes control of reconstruction,129,142-143; Tenure of Office Act,134; Army Appropriation Act,134; reconstruction acts,134-137,158-160; supreme control,140; and Supreme Court,158-159; impeachment of President,160et seq.; and Grant,171; negro members,230,242; Committee on the Condition of the South,241; Committee on the Late Insurrectionary States,241; enforcement acts,260,261-262,290,292,303; "Ku Klux Bill,"261,262; committee to investigate conditions in Southern States,262; Amnesty Act (1872),288-289; decline of radicalism,289 (note),290; investigates election,294; amnesty measure (1876),295; Electoral Commission,299-300; deadlocked by party issues,302.Connecticut and negro suffrage,285.Constitution, Johnson and,72,162; Thirteenth Amendment,79; Fourteenth Amendment,82,84,85,130,131-133,135-136,137,156,172; Fifteenth Amendment,169-170,171,172,222,290.Constitutional conventions in South,152et seq.Constitutional Union Guards,245.Conway, school official in Louisiana,216.Copperheads,176.Cotton, tax on,8; seized,9-11; destruction of,11; production (1880),271-272 (note).Council of Safety,245.Coushatta (La.), race conflict in,237 (note).Cowan, administration Republican,122.Credit Mobilier,282.Crittenden-Johnson resolutions,55,69.Cuba, United States and,284.Cumberland Presbyterian Church,204.Cummingsvs. Missouri,159.Curry, J. L. M., and negro education,212,214-215.Curtis, B. R., counsel at impeachment,166.
Davis, David, candidate for presidential nomination,287; and Electoral Commission,300.Davis, Jefferson, prayer in Church for,23; succeeded by negro in Senate,230; disfranchised,289; and amnesty,295.Davis, Nicholas, characterizes Lakin,205-206.De Bow, J. D. B., on negro labor,266 (note).Democratic party, and Crittenden-Johnson resolutions,55,69; at end of war,70; Douglas Democrats,70,87; and Johnson,70,88,138; "Democratic and Conservative" party,150; platform (1868),169; Union League and,188,190-191; in Congress from South,230; Southern Unionists turn to,277; and Civil Rights Act,277; "New Departure," Democrats,287; supports Greeley,288; and election of 1876,297-298; and Electoral Commission,300; during period of adjustment,302,303.Dennison, William, resigns from Cabinet,131.District of Columbia, negro suffrage in,134; corruption,282.Dixon, James, administration Republican,122.Dixon, W. H.,29.Doolittle, administration Republican,122.Douglass, Frederick, quoted,37-38.
Eaton, John, chaplain in Grant's army,99.Eaton, Colonel John,106.Education, negro,45; Freedmen's Bureau and,111-112; in South,208-220.Elections under carpetbag rule,237-239.Electoral Commission,299-300.Emancipation Proclamation,36,176.Enforcement acts,260-261,290,292,303.Episcopal Church,198,204.Evarts, W. M., counsel at impeachment,166.Ewing, Thomas, nominated Secretary of War,164.
Fessenden, General, Freedmen's Bureau official,106.Fessenden, W. P., moderate Republican,122; and negro suffrage,132.Finance, post-war condition in South,2,5; war taxes,8; license taxes,76; repudiation of Confederate war debt,77,130; under military governors,145-146; effect of bad government in South,230-236; credit system,270; readjustments,283; panic of 1873,283.Fish, C. R.,The Path of Empire, cited,284 (note).Fisk, General, criticism of Kentucky Legislature,113.Fisk, James,283,286.Florida, negro colony in,36; negro legislation,96; and Fourteenth Amendment,132; negro voters,151; schools,215; recitation in negro school,218-219; and reconstruction government,221; corruption,226; taxes,231; decrease in property values,233; Equal Rights Law,276; and radicals,294,295; election of 1876,297,298.Forrest, General, Grand Wizard of Ku Klux,248,259.Freedmen,seeNegroes.Freedmen's Aid Societies,177,207,213.Freedmen's Bureau,38,81,82,85,86,90,126,161,187; confiscable property turned over to,11; official describes conditions in South,13-14; as relief agency,15; in Kentucky,26; as publicity agent,28; and contract labor,46; on relations between races,48; agitators from,53; extension,74,84,128,129; and negroes,80,142,149,175; views of North carried out in,89; influence on legislation and government,94,97,143; officials of,97,98-99; character of,98; established (1865),102-103; functions,103-104,107-109; objections to,104-105,112-113; organization,105-107; courts,110-111,113-114; educational work,111-112; political possibilities,115; results,116-117; and radicals,131,156; Union League and,177,188,194 (note),195; negro education,213.Freedmen's Bureau Act,128,129,137.Freedmen's Inquiry Commission,101."Freedmen's Readers,"218.Frémont, J. C., and the radicals,119.Fullerton, General, and Freedmen's Bureau,106,113; on treatment of negroes,112-113.
Garfield, J. A.,132.Garland,ex parte,159.Geneva Arbitration (1872),283.Georgetown (D. C.), vote on negro suffrage in,134.Georgia, poverty in,14; government relief,15; negro colony in,36; courts,111,113; military government,143,144; suit against Stanton,159; military rule resumed,170; reconstruction in,171-172,221; legislature,172,240; representatives in Congress,172,289 (note); negro voters,222; Godkin characterizes officials of,226; holds mixed marriages illegal,276; conservatives gain control in,290; election (1868),299.Gillem, General, commands military department,141 (note).Godkin, E. L., quoted,180 (note); on Georgia politicians,226.Gordon, J. B., and negro education,212.Gould, Jay,283,286.Grant, U. S.,186,224,280,297; urges use of white troops in South,21; orders arrest of paroled Confederates,22; report on South,28,29; protests arrest of Southern military leaders,74; and captured slaves,99; and Freedmen's Bureau,106; Army Appropriation Act,134; radicalism,141 (note),239-240; Congress gives full powers to,143; temporarily Secretary of War,163; and Stanton,163,165; nominated by National Union party,168; elected President,169; reconstruction,171; and enforcement acts,260-261; expansionist,283-284; vote for,285-286; appointees,286; reëlection,288; refuses to interfere in Mississippi,291; restores Kellogg to office,294.Greeley, Horace, candidate for Presidency,287-288.Greene, S. S., quoted,208.Groesbeck, W. S., counsel at impeachment,166.Guthrie, James, Democratic leader,122.