S.Saffold, M. J., on negro suffrage,50."Salary Grab,"282.Santo Domingo, Grant seeks annexation of,283-284.Savannah (Ga.), incident relating to Confederate uniforms,20-21.Scalawags, in constitutional conventions,153; desert radicals,156; disabilities removed,171; and the churches,205; use of term,222.Schofield, General J. M.,106; commands military district,140 (note); Secretary of War,167.Schuckers, J. W., quoted,166.Schurz, Carl, on army of occupation,19; report on conditions in South,28,29,30; on negro labor,45-46.Scott, R. K., Governor of South Carolina,236.Sea Islands, negroes sent to,36,103,114.Seward, W. H., and Jackson,74; expansionist,283.Seymour, Horatio, of New York,168,169.Sharkey, W. L., Governor of Mississippi,78.Shepherd, A. R.,282.Shepley, General G. F., military governor of Louisiana,65.Sheridan, General P. H., commands military district,140-141 (note); Johnson removes,163; "banditti" report,241.Sherman, General W. T.,28,36; Sea Island order,103,114.Shot Gun Plan, seeMississippi Shot Gun Plan.Sickles, General D. E., commands military district,140-141 (note); removed by Johnson,163.Slavery, Abolition of, Lincoln and,58,66; Johnson and,58,76; Sumner and,59;see alsoEmancipation Proclamation.Smith, Gerrit, view of reconstruction,60-61.Smith, W. H., Governor of Alabama,207,224; quoted,24.Somers, Robert, English writer on the South,4,28-29,41-42,269.Sons of '76,245.South, post-war condition,2et seq.; exploitation by Northerners,26-27; relation between races,47-48; Presidents' work of reconstruction,54et seq.;see alsoReconstruction; conference of governors of,85; military rule in,140et seq.; churches,196-208; schools,208-220; carpetbag and negro rule,221et seq.; social conditions,265et seq.South Carolina, Pike's account of post-war condition,16-17; negroes on Sea Islands of,36; negro legislation,94,95,96,275,276; negro voters,151,152,222; race lines abolished,154; schools,215-216,217; carpetbag rule,221,225; conservatives,223; judiciary,225; negroes in legislature of,226,227; taxes,231; public debt,232; corruption,234; negro militia,236; elections,239,297,298; put under martial law,261; labor,267,268; Irish in,271; and radicalism,294.South Carolina, University of,216-217.Southwest, Southern whites open lands in,271.Spain, relations with United States,284.Speed, James, resigns from Cabinet,131.Spencer, General,189.Stanbery, Henry, Attorney-General, opinion on reconstruction laws,142; counsel at impeachment,166.Stanton, E. M., Secretary of War,67; draws up army act,134; radical,142; Johnson and,162-163; suit brought against, by Georgia,159.Star Routes,282.Star Spangled Banner, The, sung at Union League initiation,183.Stearns, M. L., Governor of Florida,224.Steedman, General J. B.,106,113.Stephens, A. H., witness before Joint Committee,125-126.Stephenson, N. W.,The Day of the Confederacy, cited,149 (note);Abraham Lincoln and the Union, cited,176 (note).Stevens, Thaddeus, reconstruction policy,59-60,118,122-123; and Johnson,71,121,128,160,161,162,166; radical leader,122,127,133,173; and negro suffrage,132; on Military Reconstruction Bill,135,138-139; and Alabama,156.Stockton, Senator from New Jersey, unseated,129.Stoneman, General George, commands military district,140 (note).Suffrage, Negro, seeNegroes.Sumner, Charles, reconstruction policy,58-59,60,119; radical leader,122,123-124,127,133,173; Johnson and,128,162; and negro suffrage,132; and equal rights,276-277; and expansion,284.Supreme Court, Congress and,158-160; and Civil Rights Act,277; and Enforcement Laws,303.Swayne, General Wager, head of Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama,97,106; on contract labor,110; and courts,111; and Union League,189,192-193; on negro education,212."Swinging Around the Circle," Johnson's tour of the West,131.T.Tarbell, General John, before Joint Committee on Reconstruction,30.Taxation, seeFinance.Taylor, Bayard, Lanier writes to,279-280.Taylor, General Richard,83.Tennessee, recognizes "Union" government,18; imposes fines for wearing Confederate uniform,20; Confederates in,25-26; State emancipation in,36; attitude toward negroes in,48; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862),65; Johnson recognizes government of,74; reconstruction in,85; negro labor,99; readmitted to Congress,129,133; and Fourteenth Amendment,133; negro voters,222; and enforcement acts,261; omitted from investigation,262; conservatives gain control of,290.Tennessee Valley after Civil War,4.Tenure of office act,134.Texas,152,157,262; delay in electing officials,79; military government in,143,144; constitution,153,155; reconstruction fails in,170; radicals in,171; Confederates go to,268; unrepresented in Congress,289 (note); elections (1874),293.Thach, president of Alabama Agricultural College,271-272.Thomas, General G. H., on sentiment of Tennessee,24-25.Thomas, Lorenzo, as acting Secretary of War,164.Thompson, Holland,The New South, cited,218 (note),294 (note),303 (note).Tichenor, Rev. I. T.,202-203.Tilden, S. J., candidate for presidency,296,298,301.Tillson, General, quoted,113.Tourgée, A. W., chief of Union League in North Carolina,189.Trade restrictions in South,7-12.Treasury Department, frauds in selling confiscable property in South,8-12; supervise negro colonies,37; employer of negro labor,100.Tribune, Chicago, Sidney Andrews correspondent for,28.Tribune, New York, Horace Greeley as editor of,288.Trowbridge, J. T., on frauds in South,11-12; on sentiment of East Tennessee toward rebels,25; correspondent in South,28; on relation of races,48.Truman, B. C., on society in South,27; report on conditions in South,28,29-30; on negro labor,46; on relation of races,48.Trumbull, Lyman, moderate Republican,122; candidate for presidential nomination,287.Tuscaloosa Independent Monitorsuppressed,146.Tuscumbia (Ala.), Female Academy burned in,185-186.Tweed, W. M.,282.U.Uniforms, wearing of Confederate, forbidden,20.Union League of America,174et seq.,275; Freedmen's Bureau and,115; negroes in,115,149; and radicals,156; and Ku Klux Klan,247,256.Union party,seeNational Union party."United Order of African Ladies and Gentlemen,"275.United States Sanitary Commission,176.V.Vicksburg (Miss.), public debt,232; race conflicts,237 (note); government overturned,240-241.Virginia,152,157,262; recognizes "Union" State government,18; army in,64; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1863),65; Lincoln and,67,120; Johnson recognizes government of,74; escaped slaves declared contraband,99; military government in,143,144; constitution,154-155,171; reconstruction fails in,170; schools,210; carpetbag rule,221; scalawags in,222; unrepresented in Congress,289 (note); conservatives gain control of,290.Virginia Military Institute,3.Virginiusdispute,284.W.Wade, B. F., of Ohio,67,129; and Johnson,73; radical leader,122,125; and negro suffrage,132; and the presidency,161,167.Wade-Davis Bill,56,65-66,120.Wages, Freedmen's Bureau fixes,109.War Department, takes over railways,6-7; Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands,102;see alsoFreedmen's Bureau.Warmoth, H. C., Governor of Louisiana,224-225.Warner, General, and Union League,189.Washington, headquarters of Freedmen's Bureau,105; vote on negro suffrage,134.Washington and Lee University,17.Washington College, later Washington and Lee University,17.Watterson, H. M.,28.Wayland, Francis, President of Brown University,208-209.Webb, General A. S., commands military district,140 (note).Weitzel, General Godfrey, Lincoln and,67.Welles, Gideon, and Johnson,74.Wells, Governor of Louisiana,298.West, development of,268,283.West Virginia, Confederates in,25-26; State emancipation in,36; established,64,65.Whig party,70,71,87,149,150,179.Whipper, judge in South Carolina,225.Whisky Ring,282.White Boys,245.White Brotherhood,245,251.White Camelia, seeKnights of the White Camelia.White League,219,245,263.White Line of Mississippi,245.White Man's party of Alabama,245,263.White River Valley and Texas Railroad obtains grant,235.White Rose, Order of the,245.Wilmer, Bishop R. H., and prayers for Davis,23.Wilson, Henry, on reconstruction,124-125; tours the South,150.Wisconsin and negro suffrage,285.
Saffold, M. J., on negro suffrage,50."Salary Grab,"282.Santo Domingo, Grant seeks annexation of,283-284.Savannah (Ga.), incident relating to Confederate uniforms,20-21.Scalawags, in constitutional conventions,153; desert radicals,156; disabilities removed,171; and the churches,205; use of term,222.Schofield, General J. M.,106; commands military district,140 (note); Secretary of War,167.Schuckers, J. W., quoted,166.Schurz, Carl, on army of occupation,19; report on conditions in South,28,29,30; on negro labor,45-46.Scott, R. K., Governor of South Carolina,236.Sea Islands, negroes sent to,36,103,114.Seward, W. H., and Jackson,74; expansionist,283.Seymour, Horatio, of New York,168,169.Sharkey, W. L., Governor of Mississippi,78.Shepherd, A. R.,282.Shepley, General G. F., military governor of Louisiana,65.Sheridan, General P. H., commands military district,140-141 (note); Johnson removes,163; "banditti" report,241.Sherman, General W. T.,28,36; Sea Island order,103,114.Shot Gun Plan, seeMississippi Shot Gun Plan.Sickles, General D. E., commands military district,140-141 (note); removed by Johnson,163.Slavery, Abolition of, Lincoln and,58,66; Johnson and,58,76; Sumner and,59;see alsoEmancipation Proclamation.Smith, Gerrit, view of reconstruction,60-61.Smith, W. H., Governor of Alabama,207,224; quoted,24.Somers, Robert, English writer on the South,4,28-29,41-42,269.Sons of '76,245.South, post-war condition,2et seq.; exploitation by Northerners,26-27; relation between races,47-48; Presidents' work of reconstruction,54et seq.;see alsoReconstruction; conference of governors of,85; military rule in,140et seq.; churches,196-208; schools,208-220; carpetbag and negro rule,221et seq.; social conditions,265et seq.South Carolina, Pike's account of post-war condition,16-17; negroes on Sea Islands of,36; negro legislation,94,95,96,275,276; negro voters,151,152,222; race lines abolished,154; schools,215-216,217; carpetbag rule,221,225; conservatives,223; judiciary,225; negroes in legislature of,226,227; taxes,231; public debt,232; corruption,234; negro militia,236; elections,239,297,298; put under martial law,261; labor,267,268; Irish in,271; and radicalism,294.South Carolina, University of,216-217.Southwest, Southern whites open lands in,271.Spain, relations with United States,284.Speed, James, resigns from Cabinet,131.Spencer, General,189.Stanbery, Henry, Attorney-General, opinion on reconstruction laws,142; counsel at impeachment,166.Stanton, E. M., Secretary of War,67; draws up army act,134; radical,142; Johnson and,162-163; suit brought against, by Georgia,159.Star Routes,282.Star Spangled Banner, The, sung at Union League initiation,183.Stearns, M. L., Governor of Florida,224.Steedman, General J. B.,106,113.Stephens, A. H., witness before Joint Committee,125-126.Stephenson, N. W.,The Day of the Confederacy, cited,149 (note);Abraham Lincoln and the Union, cited,176 (note).Stevens, Thaddeus, reconstruction policy,59-60,118,122-123; and Johnson,71,121,128,160,161,162,166; radical leader,122,127,133,173; and negro suffrage,132; on Military Reconstruction Bill,135,138-139; and Alabama,156.Stockton, Senator from New Jersey, unseated,129.Stoneman, General George, commands military district,140 (note).Suffrage, Negro, seeNegroes.Sumner, Charles, reconstruction policy,58-59,60,119; radical leader,122,123-124,127,133,173; Johnson and,128,162; and negro suffrage,132; and equal rights,276-277; and expansion,284.Supreme Court, Congress and,158-160; and Civil Rights Act,277; and Enforcement Laws,303.Swayne, General Wager, head of Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama,97,106; on contract labor,110; and courts,111; and Union League,189,192-193; on negro education,212."Swinging Around the Circle," Johnson's tour of the West,131.
Tarbell, General John, before Joint Committee on Reconstruction,30.Taxation, seeFinance.Taylor, Bayard, Lanier writes to,279-280.Taylor, General Richard,83.Tennessee, recognizes "Union" government,18; imposes fines for wearing Confederate uniform,20; Confederates in,25-26; State emancipation in,36; attitude toward negroes in,48; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862),65; Johnson recognizes government of,74; reconstruction in,85; negro labor,99; readmitted to Congress,129,133; and Fourteenth Amendment,133; negro voters,222; and enforcement acts,261; omitted from investigation,262; conservatives gain control of,290.Tennessee Valley after Civil War,4.Tenure of office act,134.Texas,152,157,262; delay in electing officials,79; military government in,143,144; constitution,153,155; reconstruction fails in,170; radicals in,171; Confederates go to,268; unrepresented in Congress,289 (note); elections (1874),293.Thach, president of Alabama Agricultural College,271-272.Thomas, General G. H., on sentiment of Tennessee,24-25.Thomas, Lorenzo, as acting Secretary of War,164.Thompson, Holland,The New South, cited,218 (note),294 (note),303 (note).Tichenor, Rev. I. T.,202-203.Tilden, S. J., candidate for presidency,296,298,301.Tillson, General, quoted,113.Tourgée, A. W., chief of Union League in North Carolina,189.Trade restrictions in South,7-12.Treasury Department, frauds in selling confiscable property in South,8-12; supervise negro colonies,37; employer of negro labor,100.Tribune, Chicago, Sidney Andrews correspondent for,28.Tribune, New York, Horace Greeley as editor of,288.Trowbridge, J. T., on frauds in South,11-12; on sentiment of East Tennessee toward rebels,25; correspondent in South,28; on relation of races,48.Truman, B. C., on society in South,27; report on conditions in South,28,29-30; on negro labor,46; on relation of races,48.Trumbull, Lyman, moderate Republican,122; candidate for presidential nomination,287.Tuscaloosa Independent Monitorsuppressed,146.Tuscumbia (Ala.), Female Academy burned in,185-186.Tweed, W. M.,282.
Uniforms, wearing of Confederate, forbidden,20.Union League of America,174et seq.,275; Freedmen's Bureau and,115; negroes in,115,149; and radicals,156; and Ku Klux Klan,247,256.Union party,seeNational Union party."United Order of African Ladies and Gentlemen,"275.United States Sanitary Commission,176.
Vicksburg (Miss.), public debt,232; race conflicts,237 (note); government overturned,240-241.Virginia,152,157,262; recognizes "Union" State government,18; army in,64; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1863),65; Lincoln and,67,120; Johnson recognizes government of,74; escaped slaves declared contraband,99; military government in,143,144; constitution,154-155,171; reconstruction fails in,170; schools,210; carpetbag rule,221; scalawags in,222; unrepresented in Congress,289 (note); conservatives gain control of,290.Virginia Military Institute,3.Virginiusdispute,284.
Wade, B. F., of Ohio,67,129; and Johnson,73; radical leader,122,125; and negro suffrage,132; and the presidency,161,167.Wade-Davis Bill,56,65-66,120.Wages, Freedmen's Bureau fixes,109.War Department, takes over railways,6-7; Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands,102;see alsoFreedmen's Bureau.Warmoth, H. C., Governor of Louisiana,224-225.Warner, General, and Union League,189.Washington, headquarters of Freedmen's Bureau,105; vote on negro suffrage,134.Washington and Lee University,17.Washington College, later Washington and Lee University,17.Watterson, H. M.,28.Wayland, Francis, President of Brown University,208-209.Webb, General A. S., commands military district,140 (note).Weitzel, General Godfrey, Lincoln and,67.Welles, Gideon, and Johnson,74.Wells, Governor of Louisiana,298.West, development of,268,283.West Virginia, Confederates in,25-26; State emancipation in,36; established,64,65.Whig party,70,71,87,149,150,179.Whipper, judge in South Carolina,225.Whisky Ring,282.White Boys,245.White Brotherhood,245,251.White Camelia, seeKnights of the White Camelia.White League,219,245,263.White Line of Mississippi,245.White Man's party of Alabama,245,263.White River Valley and Texas Railroad obtains grant,235.White Rose, Order of the,245.Wilmer, Bishop R. H., and prayers for Davis,23.Wilson, Henry, on reconstruction,124-125; tours the South,150.Wisconsin and negro suffrage,285.