APPENDIX.

A.D.1496Romanus Paine published the first account of tobacco, under the namecohoba.1519Tobacco discovered by the Spaniards near Tabasco.1535Negroes cultivated it on the plantations of their masters.”It was used at this time in Canada.1559Tobacco introduced into Europe by Hernandez de Toledo.1565Conrad Gesner became acquainted with tobacco.”Sir John Hawkins brought tobacco from Florida.1570Tobacco smoked in Holland out of tubes of palm-leaves.1574Tobacco cultivated in Tuscany.1575First figure of plant in André Thevot’s Cosmographie.1585Clay pipes noticed by the English in Virginia.”First clay pipes made in Europe.1590Schah Abbas, of Persia, prohibited the use of tobacco in his empire.1601Tobacco introduced into Java. Smoking commenced in Egypt about this time.1604James I. laid heavy imposts on tobacco.1610Tobacco-smoking known at Constantinople.1615Tobacco first grown about Amersfort, in Holland.1616The colonists cultivated tobacco in Virginia.1619James I. wrote his “Counterblast.””Sale of tobacco prohibited in England till the custom should be paid, and the royal seal affixed.1620Ninety young women sent from England to America, and sold to the planters for tobacco at 120 lbs. each.1622Annual import of tobacco into England from America, 142,085 lbs.1624The Pope excommunicated all who should take snuff in church. King James restricted the culture of tobacco to Virginia and the Somer Isles.1631Tobacco-smoking introduced into Misnia.1634A tribunal formed at Moscow to punish smoking.1639The Assembly of Virginia ordered that all tobacco planted in that and the succeeding two years should be destroyed.1653Smoking commenced at Appenzell (canton) in Switzerland.1661The police regulations of Berne made, and divided according to the ten commandments, in which tobacco was prohibited.1669Adultery and fornication punished in Virginia by a fine of 500 to 1000 lbs. of tobacco.1670Smoking tobacco punished in the canton of Glarus by fines.1676Customs on tobacco from Virginia collected in England, £120,000.”Two Jews attempt the cultivation of tobacco in Brandenburg.1689Dr. J. F. Vicarius invented tubes containing pieces of sponge for smoking tobacco.1691Pope Innocent XII. excommunicated all who used tobacco in St. Peter’s Church at Rome.1697Large quantities of tobacco produced in the palatinate of Hesse.1709Exports of tobacco from America, 28,858,666 lbs.1719Senate of Strasburg prohibited the culture of tobacco.1724Pope Benedict XIV. revoked Pope Innocent’s Bull of excommunication.1732Tobacco made a legal tender in Maryland, at one penny per lb.1747Annual exports of tobacco to England from the American colonies, 40,000,000 lbs.1753The King of Portugal farmed out the tobacco trade for about £500,000.”The revenue of the King of Spain from tobacco, £1,250,000.1759Duties on tobacco in Denmark amounted to £8,000.1770Empress of Austria derived an income of £160,000 from tobacco.1773Duties on tobacco in the two Sicilies, £80,000.1775Annual export of tobacco from the United States 1,000,000 lbs.1780King of France derived an income of £1,500,000 from tobacco.1782Annual export of tobacco during the seven years revolutionary war, 12,378,504 lbs.1787Tobacco imported into Ireland, 1,877,579 lbs.1789Exports of tobacco from the United States, 90,000,000 lbs.”Tobacco first put under the excise in England.1820Quantity of tobacco grown in France, 32,887,500 lbs.1828Tobacco revenue in the State of Maryland, £5,400.1830Revenue from tobacco and snuff in Great Britain was 2¼ millions of pounds.1834Value of tobacco used in the United States estimated at £3,000,000.1838Annual consumption of tobacco in the United States estimated at 100,000,000 lbs.1840It was ascertained that 1,500,000 persons were engaged in the cultivation and manufacture of tobacco in the United States.

COUNTRIES.Average consump.of male populationper head, over 18 years of age.lbs.Nett Revenuefrom Tobacco.£Austria6·751,212,530Zollverein9·75296,560Steurverein, including Hanover and Oldenburg12·5012,420France5·503,058,356Russia2·50284,280Portugal3·50304,140Spain4·751,268,082Sardinia2·75246,192Tuscany2·5084,860Papal States2·00297,252Two Sicilies...168,422Britain4·105,272,471Holland8·256,210Belgium9·0028,014Denmark8·0010,488Sweden4·3714,766Norway6·4023,322United States7·60...

per cent.ad valorem.United States30·Belgium13·9Great Britain933·3Hanover9·6Holstein10·Holland3·5Russia161·Switzerland3·Zollverein45·

Nett Profits of the French Regie on Tobacco, after paying all expenses of purchase, transportation, manufacture, and sale. Showing the increased consumption, in decennial periods, from 1811 to 1851.

Years.Francs.181126,000,000182142,219,604183145,920,930184171,989,095185192,233,729Total grossrevenue in 1857185,000,000

Consumption of Tobacco in Britain, with rate of Duty and Revenue therefrom.

Years.Consumption.lbs.Duty.per lb.Revenue.Population.182115,598,1524s.£3,122,58321,282,903183119,533,8413s.2,964,59224,410,459184122,309,3603s.3,580,16327,019,672185128,062,9783s.4,485,76827,452,262185632,579,1663s.5,216,77039185732,677,0593s.5,231,455[39]185834,110,8503s.5,272,471[39]39Owing to extensive emigration, especially from Ireland, the population must be considered as but little above that of 1851.

Consumption of Tobacco in the Austrian Empire.

Years.Quantity consumed.per lb.185034,457,513185154,217,578185261,805,697185357,926,925185462,020,333185685,161,030

Statement exhibiting the quantities of Tobacco exported from the United States into the countries named, during 1855.

Countries.Quantities.lbs.Bremen38,058,000Great Britain24,203,000France40,866,000Holland17,124,000Spain7,524,000Belgium4,010,000Sardinia3,314,000Austria2,945,000Sweden and Norway1,713,000Portugal336,000

Disposition of Tobacco the growth of the United States in 1840 and in 1850, with the Home Consumption at each period.

Years.Growth.lbs.Exports.lbs.Consumption.lbs.Rate pr.Head. oz.1840219,163,319184,965,79734,543,55732½1850199,532,494122,408,78081,933,57156

Statement showing the Exports of Tobacco from America (United States) in decennial periods, from 1820 to 1850, and in 1855.

Years.Quantity exported.hogsheads182066,000183083,8101840119,4841850145,7291855150,213

Nicotina0·06Concrete vegetable oil0·01Bitter extractive2·87Gum, with malate of lime1·74Chlorophylle0·267Albumen and gluten1·308Malic acid0·51Lignin and a trace of starch4·969Salts (sulphate, nitrate, and malate of potash, chloride of potassium, phosphate and malate of lime, and malate of ammonia)0·734Silica0·088Water88·280Fresh leaves of tobacco100·836

Return showing the quantity of Chests of Opium exported by the East India Company between 1846 and 1858.

Years.No. of Chests.401846-4722,4681847-4822,8791848-4933,0731849-5035,9191850-5132,0331851-5231,2591852-5335,5211853-5442,4031854-5549,9791855-5649,3991856-5766,3051857-5868,004

Amount of Income derived by the East India Company from the Opium Monopoly.

Years.Amount.1840-41£874,2771841-421,018,7651842-431,577,5811843-442,024,8261844-452,181,2881845-462,803,3501846-472,886,2011847-481,698,2521848-492,845,7621849-503,309,6371850-513,043,1351851-523,139,2471852-533,717,9321853-543,359,0191854-553,333,6011855-563,961,9751856-573,860,3901857-585,918,375

Years.Imports.lbs.Consumption.lbs.182679,82928,3291827113,14017,3221830209,07622,6681833106,84635,4071836130,79438,9431839196,24741,632184272,37347,4321845259,64438,2291848200,01961,0551849105,72444,1771850126,31842,3241851118,02450,6821852205,78062,5211853159,31267,038185497,42761,432185550,14334,473185651,47938,6091857136,42356,174185882,08577,639

Morphia10·8424·106Narcotina6·8088·150Codeia0·6780·834Narceine6·6627·506Meconine0·8040·846Meconic acid5·1243·968Fat2·1661·350Caoutchouc6·0125·026Resin3·5822·028Gummy extractive25·20031·470Gum1·0422·896Mucus19·08617·098Water9·84612·226Loss2·1482·496Total100·000100·000

Class.all ChinamenQuantity of Opium consumed daily.Number of years habituated.Trade.Monthly Wages.Value of Opium smoked monthly.Appearances.Grains.s. d.£ s. d.16010Cooly16 01 4 0Heavy, listless, but not sleepy.2Does not smoke.......Looks well and fat.3Does not smoke.......Looks well, but not stout.4Does not smoke.......Looks well.518010Planter...3 12 0Looks well; given up smoking; drinks Tinco in arrack.69012......1 10 0Sickly, with cough.76020Cooly16 01 4 0Sickly, thin, and miserable looking.81807Planter12 03 12 0Sick and herpetic.9906...20 01 10 0Sickly looking, and complains.106020Cooly16 01 4 0Thin, sickly; complains of pain in the stomach.11484Cooly16 00 16 4Yellow, sickly; pain in the abdomen.12300 to 35016Planter...£6 to £7Thin, sickly; complains of cough.133010Cooly16 00 12 0Complains of pain in abdomen.14906...16 01 10 0Thin, but not sickly.156016Cooly16 01 4 0Thin, cough, and sickly.16Does not smoke.......17249Cooly16 00 10 0Complains of pain in abdomen; does not look sickly.1860 to 18030...20 024s. to £3 12 0Sickly looking; does not complain.19365...24s. to 30s.0 12 0Diarrhœa, and complains.20305...16 00 8 0Complains, but does not look sickly.216012...16 01 4 0Complains, but does not look sickly.22485Cooly12 01 0 0Looks sickly, and complains.23Does not smoke.......Looks sickly.24Does not smoke.......Looks well.25Does not smoke.......Looks well.266015...16 01 4 0Complains much, being without chandu.27Does not smoke.......Looks well.28366...12 00 15 0Pale, sickly looking; complains much.29485Shopkeeper...1 0 0Thin and sickly.

Besides which, there were 15 men in the hospital, of whom all smoked but one.

Quantity of Opium consumed daily.Years habituated.Monthly Wages.Excess of expenditure over income.Grains.s. d.s. d.136711 65 8 excess23638 06 6”32458 01 8   ”436812 02 6   ”5422016 00 10   ”6301010 02 1   ”72478 01 8   ”8301012 0Income and expenditure equal92458 01 8 excess1030108 04 0   ”1130812 0Income and expenditure equal12361012 02 6 excess13301512 0Income and expenditure equal14302512 0Income and expenditure equal15422212 04 10 excess

In the Chung-wan (centre bazaar) there are about 5,800 inhabitants.

The number that smoke opium merely because they like it are upwards of 2,600.

The number that smoke opium are upwards of 300.

In the Hah-wan (Canton bazaar) there are upwards of 1,200 inhabitants.

The number that smoke opium merely because they like it are upwards of 600.

The number that smoke opium are upwards of 100.

The number that died for cause of smoking opium very few.

(Signed)Chung-wan & Hah-wan Teapoa’s Report.

Dated Yuet-man year, 11th month, 20th day(December 29th, 1855).

The number of male residents at Sheong-wan are estimated as following:——

This year have ascertained the number of male residents are 13,000.

There are 3,000 opium-smokers; 300 smoke 8 mace a-day; 700 smoke 5 mace each day; 1,000 smoke 3 mace each day; the rest smoke 1 mace, more or less.

The number that smoke opium merely because they like it are upwards of 4,000.

The number that got sick for cause of opium-smoking went home, and did not die here.

(Signed)Teapoa of Sheong-wan Tong Chew’s Report.

Dated December 29th, 1855.

By order, have ascertained the number of inhabitants of Tai-ping-Shan.

There are upwards of 5,300 men.

The number that smoke opium because they like it are upwards of 1,200.

The number that smoke opium are upwards of 600.

The number that died for cause of opium-smoking very few.

(Signed)Tai-ping-Shan Teapoa’s Report.

Dated Yuet-man year, 11th month, 20th day(December 29th, 1855).

By order, have ascertained that in Wan-tsai there are upwards of 1,600 inhabitants.

Those that smoke opium merely because they like it are upwards of 500 men.

Those that smoke opium are upwards of 200 men.

Those that died for cause of smoking opium, none.

(Signed)Wan-tsai Teapoa’s Report.

Dated Yuet-man year, 11th month, 20th day(December 29th, 1855).

By order, have ascertained that in Wang-nai-choon there are upwards of 200 men.

The number that smoke opium are upwards of 10 men.

The number that smoke opium merely because they like it are few only.

The number that died for cause of smoking opium, very few.

(Signed)Wang-nai-choon Teapoa’s Report.

Dated Yuet-man year, 11th month, 20th day(December 29th, 1855).

By order, have ascertained the number of inhabitants of Ting-loong-chow (east point).

There are upwards of 2,500 inhabitants.

The number that smoke opium merely because they like it are upwards of 300.

The number that smoke opium are upwards of 100.

(Signed)Ting-loong-chow Teapoa’s Report.

Dated Yuet-man year, 11th month, 20th day(December 29th, 1855).

Professor Johnston’s estimate of the number of persons indulging in the Seven principal Narcotics of the world.

Tobacco800,000,000Opium400,000,000Hemp200,000,000 to 300,000,000Betel100,000,000Coca10,000,000Thorn-Apple (no estimate)Less than Coca.Amanita (no estimate)Less than Coca.

I.——Tobacco.Vulgar Name.Botanical Name.Where usedor cultivated.How used.Virginian tobaccoNicotiana tabacumU. StatesSmoked & chewedOrinoko””macrophylla...”European””rusticaEurope”Javanese””” varJavaSmoked.Billah””” var AsiaticaMalwa”Guzerat””” varGuzerat”Chinese””” var ChinensisChina”Thibetian””” varThibet”Persian””PersicaPersia”Latakia””” varSyria”Djiddar””crispa””Indian””quadrivalvisN. America”Indian””multivalvis””Indian””nanaRocky Mts.”Cuban””repandaCuba”Columbian””loxensisAmerica”Brazilian””glaucaBrazil”Peruvian””andicolaAndes”Coltsfoot leavesTussilago farfarEuropeSmok’d for tobaccoYarrow”Achillœa millefolium””Rhubarb”Rheum emodi, &c.Himalayas”Bogbean”Menyanthes trifoliataBritain”Sage”Salvia officinalisEurope”Mountain tobaccoArnica montanaSwitzerland”Black hollyIlex vomitoriaN. America”Stag’s horn sumachRhus typhinaMississippi”Copal sumachRhus copallina””Water lily leavesNelumbium speciosumChinaMix’d with tobaccoPucha-patMarrubium odoratissimumIndiaMix’d with tobaccoTombekiLobelia sp.E. AsiaSmoked as tobaccoIndian tobaccoLobelia inflataN. America”Maize husksZea MaysU. StatesPatented for cigarsBirch barkBetula excelsaN. BrunswckMix’d with tobaccoWillow leavesSalix sp.N. AmericaSmoked as tobaccoBearberry leavesArctostasphylus uva-ursiChenook Ind.Mix’d with tobaccoPimento berriesEugenia pimentoW. IndiesSmokedCascarilla barkCroton eleuteria”Mix’d with tobaccoPolygonum leavesPolygonum hispidaS. AmericaSmokedCamphor leavesTarchonanthus camphoratusCape”Wild daggaLeonotis leonurus””...Leonotis ovata””CulenPsoralea glandulosaMauritius”PurphiokTupistra sp.SikkimMix’d with tobaccoCamomile flowersAnthemis nobilisBritain”Beet leavesBeta vulgarisFrance{Recommended as substituteAkel...AlgeriaMix’d with tobaccoTrouna...””Kauw goedMesembryanthemum tortuosumCapeChewedAngelica rootArchangelica officinalisLapland”Monkey bread leavesAdansonia digitataW. AfricaSnuffed.Rhododendron leavesRhododendron campanulatumIndiaSnuffed.Brown dust of}Kalmia sp.}N. America”petioles of}Rhododendron sp.}AsarabaccaAsarum EuropœumEurope”Grimstone’s eye snuffVarious plantsBritain”Various indigenous plantsErzegebirge”WoodruffAsperula odorataBritainMixed with snuff.Amadou ashesPolyporus igniariusKamtschatkaSnuffed.II.——Opium.Smyrna opiumPapaver somniferum.LevantSmoked, &c.Constantinople do.”Turkey”Egyptian do.”Egypt”Trebizond do.”Persia”Bengal do.”India”Garden Patna do.”””Malwa do.”””Cutch do.”””Kandeish do.”””English do.”England”French do.”France”German do.”Germany”LactucariumLactuca sativaBritainSubs. for opium.””virosa””””scariola””””altissima””””sylvestris””””elongata””””taraxacifoliaGuiana”Dutchman’s laudanumMurucuja ocellataJamaica”Ditto”orbiculataBarbadoes”Syrian rue seedsPeganum harmalaTurkeyTo produce intoxication.Seeds ofSterculia alataSilhetSubs. for opium.Seeds ofScopolia muticaArabiaTo produce intoxication.Juice ofChondrilla junceaLemnosSubs. for opium.III.——Hemp.Gunjah and BangCannabis indicaIndia, AfricaSmoked, &c.Churrus (resin)”Nepaul, &c.”Powdered dacca and aloes”S. W. Africa.Snuffed.IV.——Betel.Betel nutsAreca catechuMalay Penin.Chewed.”Areca laxaAndaman Is.””Areca NagonsisE. Bengal””Areca DicksoniMalabar”Kassu (extract)Areca catechuIndia”Cowry (extract)Areca catechuMysore”Kutt or catechuAcacia catechuIndia”GambirUncaria gambirSingapore &c.Chewed.”Uncaria sp.””Betel pepper leavesChavica betleMalay Penin.Chewed with betel leaves”Chavica siraboa””Blk. pepper leavesPiper nigrumSingapore”Ava pepperMacropiper methysticumS. Seas”Roots ofDerris pinnata”Subs. for betelRoots ofCocos nuciferaCeylon”Guayabo barkPsidium guayabaPhillippines”Antipolo bark”””V.——Coca.Coca leavesErythroxylon cocaPeruMasticatoryVI.——Thorn-Apple.Florispondio seedsDatura sanguineaN. Granada.Drank in infusion.””stramoniumEuropeSmoked.”seeds”arboreaPeru”””fatuosaEgypt”””feroxChina”””tatulaAsia{By the Delphic oracle.””metelW. AsiaAs an opiate.Belladonna leavesAtropa belladonnaEuropeSmoked.Henbane leavesHyoscyamus nigerIndiaMixed with haschish.Leaves ofRhododendron chrysanthumSiberiaChewed.Flowers ofRhododendron arboreumIndia”Foxglove leavesDigitalis purpurea”Mixed with haschisch.VII.——Amanita.Fly agaricAmanita muscariaSiberiaSwallowed.

M’CORQUODALE & CO., PRINTERS, LONDON—WORKS, NEWTON.

Back to IndexNext