CLASSIFIED INDEX OF SUBJECT-MATTER.ASTRONOMY.Largely an empirical science, hitherto,9.New light on the phenomena of,68,250,341.Review of subject-matter of the present work,341–348.Speculative, excluded,341.Interpretation of the mysteries of,348.ATMOSPHERE.Atmosphere of sun composed principally of free hydrogen,39,61.Free oxygen the characteristic element in earth’s atmosphere,39.Mott’s theory to account for absence of hydrogen in earth’s atmosphere untenable,39–44.No theory, hitherto, has accounted for the solar hydrogen,44.Aqueous vapors in planetary atmospheres, whence derived,46,62.Aqueous vapors diffused through interplanetary space,46,65.Aqueous vapors diffused through interstellar space,65.Composition of the terrestrial atmosphere,47.Composition of the solar atmosphere,48.Composition of the planetary atmospheres,62.Aqueous vapors around the sun,62.Two grand categories of heavenly bodies, one with atmospheres characterized by free hydrogen and the other with atmospheres characterized by free oxygen,62.Atmospheres, either electrically positive or negative, of hydrogen or oxygen, universal for all the bodies of space,65.Solar and cometic bodies have atmospheres of the hydrogen class, highly heated; planetary atmospheres are of the oxygen class, and are cool,66.Solar and planetary atmospheres are mutually correlated, and produced by disassociation of the elements of aqueous vapors,67.“No sun no planets: no planets no sun,”69.Rapid increase of electrical potential as we ascend through the earth’s atmosphere,74.Its significance,74,75.Sun-spots, terrestrial electricity and magnetism, and auroras, connected with one another,77.A material medium, besides the luminiferous ether, exists between earth and sun,81.The medium consists of attenuated aqueous vapors commingled with other vaporized elements,81.The processes of formation of solar and planetary atmospheres from these vapors,82,308.Incandescence of solar and cool state of planetary atmospheres explained,83–85.Contraction and expansion of sun’s semi-vaporous condensed nucleus a self-compensating mechanism for the regulation of his light and heat,88,106.Identity of atmospheric aurora and electrical brush-light discharge,90,91.Rotating electrosphere of the earth,96.Dimensions of,96.Resistance of atmosphere considered,97,100.Principles concerned in the generation and maintenance of atmospheres,100–106.Currents in space; their influence on planetary and solar electrospheres,106–107.No visible atmosphere on the moon,122.Atmosphere and aqueous vapors must exist on the moon’s surface, but can exist only on opposite side,123.Lunar atmosphere and axial rotation considered with reference to “Argument of Design,”122–128.Habitability of the other planets,128–136.Atmosphere of Mars analyzed and computed,130–132.Atmospheres of Jupiter, Neptune, the moon, etc.,132.Method of computing the atmosphere of any known planet,131–134.Estimation of oxygen in different planetary atmospheres,133.A slight libration of the moon’s atmosphere around its margin produced by counteractive angular effect of solar attraction and repulsion of the earth’s electrosphere, and its result,133–136.Vegetation said to have been observed on lunar surface at margin of this libration,134–135.Aqueous vapors of space considered with reference to thermal light of the sun,147.Spectroscopic analysis of atmospheres of the stars,156–161.Interpretation of complementary colors of double stars,163.Mutual repulsion of similarly electrified atmospheres,124,166–167.Variability of regularly variable stars produced by dynamic action of their planets,168.Atmospheres of temporary stars, “suns in flames,”195.Effect upon planetary atmospheres of our system should our sun become such a “new star,”196–198.Atmospheres of comets,205,212.Atmospheric repulsion of sun and comet,210.Atmospheric attraction between planets and comets,211.Cyanogen as an element of cometic atmospheres,216,218.Decomposition of cyanogen into non-toxic substances by contact of a comet with a planetary atmosphere,218–219.Temperature of cometic atmosphere,218.Repulsion of cometic atmosphere by the sun’s electrosphere,231,235.Development of planetary atmospheres during coalescence of ruptured convolutions of a spiral nebula into spheres,291.The attenuated vapors of space,297–298.The square-shouldered aspect of Saturn’s atmosphere, first noticed by Herschel, explained,302.(See also Fig.4, page124.)Barometric pressure of earth’s atmosphere highest in the temperate zones; its interpretation,303.Application of same principle to sun-spots,303.Should present atmospheres be conceived to be obliterated, new planetary and solar atmospheres would be generated precisely similar to those which now exist,308–309.Solar light and heat would again be re-established,309.Atmospheres in their characteristic elements all due to electrolytic decomposition,343,344.BIOLOGY.Compared with astronomy,10.Splendid advances in, during past few years,15.Laws of, as related to those of astronomy,247.Mosaic cosmogony as related to,320.Order of succession in the introduction of life, according to the Mosaic narrative. (See latter title in Index.)CHEMISTRY.Hydrogen of solar photosphere and chromosphere,39.Oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,45–47.Chemical elements in the sun,47,61.Absence of free oxygen in the sun,47,69.Absence of free oxygen in comets,62.Elements found in comets,62,212,218.Olefiant gas in comets,207,232.Hydrogen, carbon, sodium, and cyanogen,213,214.Carbon and hydrogen compared,214,217,260.Reactions of cyanogen,217.Decomposition of cyanogen by contact of comets with a planetary atmosphere,218,219.Gases occluded in meteorites,232.Laws of crystallization,247.Chemistry of gaseous nebulæ,254–262.Nitrogen, hydrogen, and (most probably) oxygen in all gaseousnebulæ,254.Possibly a more elemental condition of gases in nebulæ,259.Ammonium a hypothetical inorganic radical,259.Bright-line spectrum of gaseous nebulæ,267.Chemical changes during progression of spiral nebulæ,287–292.Oxidation of terrestrial mass during coalescence,292.Phenomena of nature,299,341.COMET.Some of the phenomena of, can only be accounted for by electricity,7.Hydrogen and nitrogen in comets, but no oxygen,62.Description of the phenomena of comets,200,203,210.Trains of meteors follow track of comets,203–204,206–207,232.Formation of envelopes and tails,205,220.Olefiant gas in comet and meteorite,207,232.Electrical repulsion of comets’ tails,208,225–231.Mass and tenuity of comets,209,223.Opposite electrical polarity of comets and planets, and similar polarity of sun and comets,211,233,236.Spectra of comets,213.Hydrogen compounds in comets,213.Temperature of cometic nucleus,218.Reversal of polarity of comet by contact with a planetary electrosphere,233–234.Comets most frequently without tails,222,281.Interpretation of the phenomena of comets,235.Repulsion of comets’ tails illustrating phenomena of gaseous nebulæ,280.Many comets transcend that of Newton in dimensions of their tails,281.Origin of comets by excessive repulsion from the nebular matter of a forming solar system,289.Phenomena of comets in accordance with universal laws governing celestial bodies,346.COSMOLOGY.According to previously accepted views the visible order of creation must result in a final failure,18.Possible termination of present cycle of terrestrial life and possible renewal,198.Solar systems not necessarily individual creations,165.The word “creation” as rendered in our version of the Bible,320.Mosaic narrative (see this title in Index),337–340.Mosaic cosmogony does not exclude prior material space,320.Original creation out of nothing forms no part of the Mosaic or of other primitive cosmologies,320,329,330.Nebular hypothesis not in accordance with Mosaic account of creation,327.Knowledge of cosmology among the ancients,328,329.Ancient Egyptian cosmogony,316.Ancient Syriac cosmology,330.Second Mosaic narrative (the garden of Eden),334–336.Literal translation of the Mosaic record of the creation,337–340.Review of the system of cosmology embraced in the present work,341–348.The harmony of nature’s operations,341.Universal cataclysms contrary to nature,347,348.ELECTRICITY.Electrical connection between earth and sun,7.Mere currents can play no part in the grander operations of nature,8.Repulsion by the sun of the solar corona,55,61.Electricity, the universal source of repulsion, compared with gravity and affinity, the universal sources of attraction,70.Electricity considered with reference to solar energy,70,343.Electrolysis,70.Laws of electricity,70.Currents constantly passing between earth and sun,75.The same considered in detail,75–76,80,343.Velocity of these currents equal to that of light,77.Cannot pass through vacua,81.Heating effect of electrolyzing current,83,344.Arc lamp,83–84.Intense heat produced by current under water, operating through a hydrogen envelope surrounding a conductor,85.Electrical induction machines described,88–95,344.Their resemblance to rotating planetary electrospheres,96,345.Mutual repulsion of similar electrospheres,123–125.Analogy of reflex nervous system with electrical circuit,136.Phenomena of variable stars due to more or less concentrated electric currents from their encircling planets,175.Variation in constitution of, and currents in space affect the planetary generation of electricity,188–192.Electricity between adjacent solar systems,194.Electrical repulsion of the tails of comets,211,235.Electricity as an element in development of nebulæ,284–286.Electrical repulsion operates to drive off the matter of future comets from condensing nebulæ,289.HYPOTHESIS.(See Theory.)No adequate hypothesis, hitherto, to account for continuance of solar energy in the past,17.General statement of Laplace’s nebular hypothesis,12.The nebular hypothesis has not been proved,35,270–278.What it requires for its basis,97,274–276.Correct basis for hypothesis of solar energy,141–144,286.Nebular hypothesis considered in detail,268–278.Contrast of nebular hypothesis with the present work,306.The Mosaic cosmogony,308.Nebular hypothesis deals only with aggregations,309–310.The cosmogony of Genesis more scientific,310.Origin of Mosaic narrative,310,329–330.Egyptian cosmogony,316.Different hypotheses reviewed,342.All prior theories insufficient to account for the facts,342.LAW, NATURAL.Some general law must control astronomical phenomena,7.But few fixed, controlling laws in nature,14.Natural laws eternal in their operation,18.Supremacy of natural laws,100.Gravitation cannot control star-drift in space,64.Universality and harmony, but not identity in the results of the operation of these laws,68.“A more wonderful law of harmony than those of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton,”80.Indefinite approaches often prelude great discoveries,80.Laws of repulsion and attraction,124–127.Harmony among all the solar systems,145,153.Sphere of effective control under gravity,241.Universality of gravitation has been doubted,241–242.Demonstration that gravity cannot control universally,243–245.Proportionate and aggregate attractions between systems,244.Stars traverse space without reference to law of gravity,246.A higher law of movement indicated,247,249.Comparison with the natural laws of biology,247.Laws operate constantly, but only manifest change at intervals,248,283.The drift of stars through space,249.Interdependence between all created systems,250–252.Astrology: its abandoned beliefs considered,261.Attraction and repulsion naturally correlated,280.Bode’s empirical law interpreted by development of the solar system from a spiral nebula,287.Arrest of moon’s axial rotation,293.Laws of Laplace, etc.,294.Laws of movement in the development of solar systems,298.Basis of human knowledge,299.Interpretation of the laws of nature,306–307.Operation of same laws which produced our solar and planetary atmospheres would reproduce similar ones if these were destroyed,308.Universality of natural laws,347,348.MOSAIC NARRATIVE.Moses fully acquainted, by initiation into the priesthood, with the sacred knowledge of the Egyptians (the Hebrews were not),310.The Mosaic record more scientific than the Nebular hypothesis,310.Improperly rendered from the original in our version,310.Full and correct translation not then possible,310.Hebrew a root-language, and not original or inspired,311.Indefiniteness of translation in our version illustrated,311–312.Importance of accurate rendering of the words of the original,313–314.Cannot be interpreted by writings made long subsequently,313.Correct basis of a true rendering,314.Use of the important words of the original,315.Jehovah not directly mentioned in the narrative; the work was performed by specially energized natural forces operating under guidance of a higher power,315–316.Ancient Egyptians believed in one supreme God,315.Also the Aryans of prehistoric times,316.The cosmogony of the Egyptians,316.Dr. McCosh on the delegated forces of God,317–318.The word which is translated “rested,”318,340.Analogy of volcanic action with work of creation,318.Professor Guyot on the meaning of “God rested;” the forces of nature came to a state of equilibrium,319.Duke of Argyle on the processes of creation around us daily,319.The words “created” and “made,” in verse3, chapter ii, not properly rendered; popular misconception based on this imperfect rendering,319.Signification of the words Bra, Osh, and Iei,320–323.Separation of waters to two opposite foci, with attenuated space between,324,325,329.The above separation hitherto misunderstood,325.Better known to the ancients,328,329.Song of the Three Holy Children, the Psalms, Theophilus, and St.Augustine, on the separation,329.Introduction of vegetable life prior to appearance of free oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,323–326.Jeove as contradistinguished from Aleim,327.Mosaic cosmogony based on prior attenuated matter of space,327.Astronomical knowledge of ancient peoples,329.Table of root-meanings of words used in the narrative,330–333.Some portions of the second narrative examined,333–336.Note.—The second narrative bears the unmistakable impress of its sacred Egyptian derivation; the temptation is pictorially represented on the walls of the temple of Medinet-Abou, at Thebes, which dates from the eighteenth dynasty, while Moses was contemporary with the nineteenth. Joseph entered Egypt during the Hyksos period preceding the eighteenth. (Rawlinson, “Ancient Egypt.” See also his “Ancient Religions,” for Egyptian monotheism, last three pages of chapter i.)Popular need of a more accurate translation of the earlier Scriptures,336.The narrative of creation literally translated,337–340.Order of the successive introductions of life, according to the Mosaic record: 1, land plants; 2, marine vegetation (necessary for sustenance of 3); 3, lower forms of marine life; 4, reptiles; 5, birds (between reptiles and the mammalia); 6, mammals; 7, mankind, male and then female,338,339.NEBULA(Gaseous).Hydrogen and nitrogen in,62,216.Elongated nebula in Sobieski’s Crown,189.Gaseous nebulæ affected by currents in space,189.Oxygen in gaseous nebulæ,216.Distribution of nebulæ in space,237–238,262,264.Herschel’s arrangement of, in progressive series,239.Great composite nebula in Orion,240,255.Gaseous nebulæ described,253.Spectroscopic analysis of,254–258.Changes in form of gaseous nebulæ,256–258.Reversion of a small planetary nebula,258.Progressive changes in nebulæ,258–259,267.Analysis of drawings of gaseous nebulæ of Lord Rosse,261–262,265.Typical forms of non-systemic nebulæ,263.Crab nebula,265,285.Number of gaseous nebulæ already recognized,265.Spiral figure a characteristic,265,266.All spectra of gaseous nebulæ show bright lines,267.Development into solar systems,267,283.Spiral nebula in Canes Venatici,273.Series of spiral nebulæ illustrating progressive advances,279.Types of development, frontispiece and legend beneath.Comparison of spiral nebula with a jet of water,285.Comparison with tail of a comet under rotation,285.Development in accordance with general astronomical laws,346.Convolutions of spiral nebula pyriform,293.Origin of nebulæ from the matter of space,295.Production of planetary nebulæ by mutual repulsion,301–302.Distances of gaseous nebulæ hitherto overestimated,303,304.Each spiral nebula develops into a single solar system,304.Spiral character of many apparently globular nebulæ revealed by telescopes of adequate power,304–305.PLANET.Those of our own system resemble each other,45,67.Jupiter’s body covered with clouds and invisible to us,45. Saturn, Venus, Mars,45.Surface of Mars clearly marked, rarely concealed by vapors,45–46.The planets of our own solar system the only ones visible to us,63.Every self-luminous star must have planets rotating around it,63.Some solar systems may have a single planet,67,171,302.How planets generate electricity from space,88–89.No visible atmosphere or aqueous vapor on moon,122–136.Center of gravity of moon apparently displaced,122.The atmosphere of Mars, its constitution,130–132.Planets belonging to solar systems with double suns,167–168.Angular positions of planets regulate solar energy,176.Due to inclination of solar axis,119–122.Formation of planets from the convolutions of spiral nebulæ,286,289,292.Abnormalities of planets in our system accounted for,286–287,294.Formation of planetary satellites and Saturn’s rings,292–293.Formation of belt of asteroids,294.SOLAR ENERGY.Our first investigations directed to phenomena of our own solar system,8.Successively extended to other bodies of space,8.Simple uniformly acting laws which control,9.Different theories of, hitherto in vogue,17,34.Gradual degradation of, according to former theories,18.Primary error due to attributing solar energy to an original supply in the sun,19.In truth, it is derived from the rotation of the surrounding planets,65.Produced by electrical currents from planetary electrospheres,83–86.Experiment with hydrogen envelope in a pail of water,85,344.Its production and permanent maintenance,86,88,195.Its mode of distribution,139,345.The apparent waste not real,140,345.Correct statement of the mode of production and distribution of all solar energy,141–145,344–346.Discussion of the light and heat of,147–152.Due to planetary energy; evidence from the variable stars,175,346.Great heat-wave of 1892,193.Illustration of solar energy, analogous to water-wheel,251.True final source of solar energy,252,345.Nebular hypothesis with relation to,268–274.Difficulties of nebular hypothesis,274–278.Spiral nebulæ incompatible with nebular hypothesis of,273–278.Splitting up of gaseous nebulæ by internal repulsion,289.SOLAR SYSTEM.Belief, hitherto, in its early termination in eternal darkness,18.Constitution of our,62.Drifting through space,63.Suns and planets mutually correlated,69.Electrical connection between sun and planets,79.Only 1/232000000 part of sun’s energy received by our planets,139.Solar system of variable star Mira,177.Operation of solar systems perpetual,198.No operative solar system could be built up from meteorites,199.Views expressed in this work contrasted with former theories,250–251.Development of a solar system from a spiral nebula,279.Genesis of solar systems from the primordial elements of space,282.Phenomena of the development of solar systems,283.Mode of development of a centripetal planetary solar system from a centrifugal spiral nebula,286.Mode of formation of the asteroids,288.Of comets,289.Disruptive force of repulsion in a gaseous nebula,289.Rupture of convolutions preparatory to formation of planets,290.Reversal of electrical polarity of ruptured convolutions,290.Coalescence into separate planets,290–292.Periodicity in the development of solar systems,300.Origin of single planet solar systems,171,302.SPACE.Estimated temperature of,82.Currents in,106,187–189.Distribution of stars in space,187.Universal connection between all bodies of space,250.So-called “empty space,”295.Tensions in space,295.Illustration from Prince Rupert’s drops,295–296.Constitution of space,297.Unstable equilibrium,297–298.Apparently blank areas of space,299.Our present space eternal,299.The attenuated vapors of space the source of all created things,299–300.The domain and workshop of the Infinite,307.The last refuge of the human intellect,307.SPECTROSCOPE.Absorption bands and bright-line spectrum,155.Spectroscope as used in investigation of nebulæ,253.Applied to great nebula in Orion,256.Bright-line spectra in all gaseous nebulæ,267.(See Chemistry, Star, Sun.)STAR.Distances of stars in space,64,244,248.Our sun a variable star,75,179.Classification by their spectra,156–158.Betelgeuse,159,161.Double stars,162.Double and multiple stars of complementary colors,162–164,176,305.Origin of double stars,164,167,305.Mizar,165.Interpretation of phenomena of double stars,168.Variable stars,168.Regularly variable stars,169.Algol,169–173,302.Planetary system of Mira,177.Delta Cephei,174.Variability due to variable dynamic energy of planets,119–122,175.Phenomena of temporary stars,180–182.Insufficiency of previous explanations of,183–186.True causes of,187–196.Temporary stars usually appear in certain parts of the heavens only,192.Star-clusters,240.Limits and structure of the Milky Way,244.How stars travel through space,249.Common brotherhood of all stars,250.Correct principles of interpretation and explanation of the phenomena of the stars,346.SUN.Hitherto accepted belief that his energies are dying out,18.Chemical elements in the sun,47.Constitution and structure of the sun,48,61.Prominences, faculæ, sun-spots, chromosphere, photosphere, corona, long streamers, solar nucleus,48–56.Sun-spots travel more rapidly across the solar face in proportion to their distance from his equator,54,59.General Myer on sun’s corona,56.Sun-spots described,56–59.Every sun must have planets to enable it to give out light and heat,66.Sun-spots and terrestrial electricity and magnetism,75–76,303.Eleven-year period of sun-spots,75.Operative artificial sun; electrical experiment,86–87.Sun’s gaseous or partially gaseous body a self-compensating mechanism to distribute and equalize his energies,88,106,199.Sun-spots considered with reference to angular positions of the planets,107,119–122,155–156.Origin and development of sun-spots,107–122.Our sun a variable star,179.Repulsion of sun’s long streamers,166,280.Cycles of life on the planets might be produced by successive increases and diminutions of sun’s radiant energy,197.Repulsion of the tails of comets by solar electrosphere,211.Idea of a universal central sun untenable,241.Importance to mankind of a correct knowledge of the sun,251.THEORY.(See Hypothesis.)Various previous theories to account for solar heat and light,19.1, sun now giving out the heat imparted at its creation,21.2, that its volume is being consumed by combustion;3, that its light and heat consist of currents of electricity;4, that comets are the aliment of the sun;5, that the supply is due to accretion by meteoric streams;6, that it is due to molecular condensation from contraction of the sun’s gaseous body;7, Dr. Siemens’s theory of disassociation of gases in space by sunlight and heat, centripetal suction at the solar poles, and recombination and centrifugal emission around the sun’s equator,21–22.The above theories separately considered,23–38.Not sufficient, one or all,39.All fail, also, to account for the solar hydrogen,39.UNIVERSE.Harmony throughout the universe,68,153,341.Classification of bodies which occupy the,153.Star-drift through space,165.
CLASSIFIED INDEX OF SUBJECT-MATTER.ASTRONOMY.Largely an empirical science, hitherto,9.New light on the phenomena of,68,250,341.Review of subject-matter of the present work,341–348.Speculative, excluded,341.Interpretation of the mysteries of,348.ATMOSPHERE.Atmosphere of sun composed principally of free hydrogen,39,61.Free oxygen the characteristic element in earth’s atmosphere,39.Mott’s theory to account for absence of hydrogen in earth’s atmosphere untenable,39–44.No theory, hitherto, has accounted for the solar hydrogen,44.Aqueous vapors in planetary atmospheres, whence derived,46,62.Aqueous vapors diffused through interplanetary space,46,65.Aqueous vapors diffused through interstellar space,65.Composition of the terrestrial atmosphere,47.Composition of the solar atmosphere,48.Composition of the planetary atmospheres,62.Aqueous vapors around the sun,62.Two grand categories of heavenly bodies, one with atmospheres characterized by free hydrogen and the other with atmospheres characterized by free oxygen,62.Atmospheres, either electrically positive or negative, of hydrogen or oxygen, universal for all the bodies of space,65.Solar and cometic bodies have atmospheres of the hydrogen class, highly heated; planetary atmospheres are of the oxygen class, and are cool,66.Solar and planetary atmospheres are mutually correlated, and produced by disassociation of the elements of aqueous vapors,67.“No sun no planets: no planets no sun,”69.Rapid increase of electrical potential as we ascend through the earth’s atmosphere,74.Its significance,74,75.Sun-spots, terrestrial electricity and magnetism, and auroras, connected with one another,77.A material medium, besides the luminiferous ether, exists between earth and sun,81.The medium consists of attenuated aqueous vapors commingled with other vaporized elements,81.The processes of formation of solar and planetary atmospheres from these vapors,82,308.Incandescence of solar and cool state of planetary atmospheres explained,83–85.Contraction and expansion of sun’s semi-vaporous condensed nucleus a self-compensating mechanism for the regulation of his light and heat,88,106.Identity of atmospheric aurora and electrical brush-light discharge,90,91.Rotating electrosphere of the earth,96.Dimensions of,96.Resistance of atmosphere considered,97,100.Principles concerned in the generation and maintenance of atmospheres,100–106.Currents in space; their influence on planetary and solar electrospheres,106–107.No visible atmosphere on the moon,122.Atmosphere and aqueous vapors must exist on the moon’s surface, but can exist only on opposite side,123.Lunar atmosphere and axial rotation considered with reference to “Argument of Design,”122–128.Habitability of the other planets,128–136.Atmosphere of Mars analyzed and computed,130–132.Atmospheres of Jupiter, Neptune, the moon, etc.,132.Method of computing the atmosphere of any known planet,131–134.Estimation of oxygen in different planetary atmospheres,133.A slight libration of the moon’s atmosphere around its margin produced by counteractive angular effect of solar attraction and repulsion of the earth’s electrosphere, and its result,133–136.Vegetation said to have been observed on lunar surface at margin of this libration,134–135.Aqueous vapors of space considered with reference to thermal light of the sun,147.Spectroscopic analysis of atmospheres of the stars,156–161.Interpretation of complementary colors of double stars,163.Mutual repulsion of similarly electrified atmospheres,124,166–167.Variability of regularly variable stars produced by dynamic action of their planets,168.Atmospheres of temporary stars, “suns in flames,”195.Effect upon planetary atmospheres of our system should our sun become such a “new star,”196–198.Atmospheres of comets,205,212.Atmospheric repulsion of sun and comet,210.Atmospheric attraction between planets and comets,211.Cyanogen as an element of cometic atmospheres,216,218.Decomposition of cyanogen into non-toxic substances by contact of a comet with a planetary atmosphere,218–219.Temperature of cometic atmosphere,218.Repulsion of cometic atmosphere by the sun’s electrosphere,231,235.Development of planetary atmospheres during coalescence of ruptured convolutions of a spiral nebula into spheres,291.The attenuated vapors of space,297–298.The square-shouldered aspect of Saturn’s atmosphere, first noticed by Herschel, explained,302.(See also Fig.4, page124.)Barometric pressure of earth’s atmosphere highest in the temperate zones; its interpretation,303.Application of same principle to sun-spots,303.Should present atmospheres be conceived to be obliterated, new planetary and solar atmospheres would be generated precisely similar to those which now exist,308–309.Solar light and heat would again be re-established,309.Atmospheres in their characteristic elements all due to electrolytic decomposition,343,344.BIOLOGY.Compared with astronomy,10.Splendid advances in, during past few years,15.Laws of, as related to those of astronomy,247.Mosaic cosmogony as related to,320.Order of succession in the introduction of life, according to the Mosaic narrative. (See latter title in Index.)CHEMISTRY.Hydrogen of solar photosphere and chromosphere,39.Oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,45–47.Chemical elements in the sun,47,61.Absence of free oxygen in the sun,47,69.Absence of free oxygen in comets,62.Elements found in comets,62,212,218.Olefiant gas in comets,207,232.Hydrogen, carbon, sodium, and cyanogen,213,214.Carbon and hydrogen compared,214,217,260.Reactions of cyanogen,217.Decomposition of cyanogen by contact of comets with a planetary atmosphere,218,219.Gases occluded in meteorites,232.Laws of crystallization,247.Chemistry of gaseous nebulæ,254–262.Nitrogen, hydrogen, and (most probably) oxygen in all gaseousnebulæ,254.Possibly a more elemental condition of gases in nebulæ,259.Ammonium a hypothetical inorganic radical,259.Bright-line spectrum of gaseous nebulæ,267.Chemical changes during progression of spiral nebulæ,287–292.Oxidation of terrestrial mass during coalescence,292.Phenomena of nature,299,341.COMET.Some of the phenomena of, can only be accounted for by electricity,7.Hydrogen and nitrogen in comets, but no oxygen,62.Description of the phenomena of comets,200,203,210.Trains of meteors follow track of comets,203–204,206–207,232.Formation of envelopes and tails,205,220.Olefiant gas in comet and meteorite,207,232.Electrical repulsion of comets’ tails,208,225–231.Mass and tenuity of comets,209,223.Opposite electrical polarity of comets and planets, and similar polarity of sun and comets,211,233,236.Spectra of comets,213.Hydrogen compounds in comets,213.Temperature of cometic nucleus,218.Reversal of polarity of comet by contact with a planetary electrosphere,233–234.Comets most frequently without tails,222,281.Interpretation of the phenomena of comets,235.Repulsion of comets’ tails illustrating phenomena of gaseous nebulæ,280.Many comets transcend that of Newton in dimensions of their tails,281.Origin of comets by excessive repulsion from the nebular matter of a forming solar system,289.Phenomena of comets in accordance with universal laws governing celestial bodies,346.COSMOLOGY.According to previously accepted views the visible order of creation must result in a final failure,18.Possible termination of present cycle of terrestrial life and possible renewal,198.Solar systems not necessarily individual creations,165.The word “creation” as rendered in our version of the Bible,320.Mosaic narrative (see this title in Index),337–340.Mosaic cosmogony does not exclude prior material space,320.Original creation out of nothing forms no part of the Mosaic or of other primitive cosmologies,320,329,330.Nebular hypothesis not in accordance with Mosaic account of creation,327.Knowledge of cosmology among the ancients,328,329.Ancient Egyptian cosmogony,316.Ancient Syriac cosmology,330.Second Mosaic narrative (the garden of Eden),334–336.Literal translation of the Mosaic record of the creation,337–340.Review of the system of cosmology embraced in the present work,341–348.The harmony of nature’s operations,341.Universal cataclysms contrary to nature,347,348.ELECTRICITY.Electrical connection between earth and sun,7.Mere currents can play no part in the grander operations of nature,8.Repulsion by the sun of the solar corona,55,61.Electricity, the universal source of repulsion, compared with gravity and affinity, the universal sources of attraction,70.Electricity considered with reference to solar energy,70,343.Electrolysis,70.Laws of electricity,70.Currents constantly passing between earth and sun,75.The same considered in detail,75–76,80,343.Velocity of these currents equal to that of light,77.Cannot pass through vacua,81.Heating effect of electrolyzing current,83,344.Arc lamp,83–84.Intense heat produced by current under water, operating through a hydrogen envelope surrounding a conductor,85.Electrical induction machines described,88–95,344.Their resemblance to rotating planetary electrospheres,96,345.Mutual repulsion of similar electrospheres,123–125.Analogy of reflex nervous system with electrical circuit,136.Phenomena of variable stars due to more or less concentrated electric currents from their encircling planets,175.Variation in constitution of, and currents in space affect the planetary generation of electricity,188–192.Electricity between adjacent solar systems,194.Electrical repulsion of the tails of comets,211,235.Electricity as an element in development of nebulæ,284–286.Electrical repulsion operates to drive off the matter of future comets from condensing nebulæ,289.HYPOTHESIS.(See Theory.)No adequate hypothesis, hitherto, to account for continuance of solar energy in the past,17.General statement of Laplace’s nebular hypothesis,12.The nebular hypothesis has not been proved,35,270–278.What it requires for its basis,97,274–276.Correct basis for hypothesis of solar energy,141–144,286.Nebular hypothesis considered in detail,268–278.Contrast of nebular hypothesis with the present work,306.The Mosaic cosmogony,308.Nebular hypothesis deals only with aggregations,309–310.The cosmogony of Genesis more scientific,310.Origin of Mosaic narrative,310,329–330.Egyptian cosmogony,316.Different hypotheses reviewed,342.All prior theories insufficient to account for the facts,342.LAW, NATURAL.Some general law must control astronomical phenomena,7.But few fixed, controlling laws in nature,14.Natural laws eternal in their operation,18.Supremacy of natural laws,100.Gravitation cannot control star-drift in space,64.Universality and harmony, but not identity in the results of the operation of these laws,68.“A more wonderful law of harmony than those of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton,”80.Indefinite approaches often prelude great discoveries,80.Laws of repulsion and attraction,124–127.Harmony among all the solar systems,145,153.Sphere of effective control under gravity,241.Universality of gravitation has been doubted,241–242.Demonstration that gravity cannot control universally,243–245.Proportionate and aggregate attractions between systems,244.Stars traverse space without reference to law of gravity,246.A higher law of movement indicated,247,249.Comparison with the natural laws of biology,247.Laws operate constantly, but only manifest change at intervals,248,283.The drift of stars through space,249.Interdependence between all created systems,250–252.Astrology: its abandoned beliefs considered,261.Attraction and repulsion naturally correlated,280.Bode’s empirical law interpreted by development of the solar system from a spiral nebula,287.Arrest of moon’s axial rotation,293.Laws of Laplace, etc.,294.Laws of movement in the development of solar systems,298.Basis of human knowledge,299.Interpretation of the laws of nature,306–307.Operation of same laws which produced our solar and planetary atmospheres would reproduce similar ones if these were destroyed,308.Universality of natural laws,347,348.MOSAIC NARRATIVE.Moses fully acquainted, by initiation into the priesthood, with the sacred knowledge of the Egyptians (the Hebrews were not),310.The Mosaic record more scientific than the Nebular hypothesis,310.Improperly rendered from the original in our version,310.Full and correct translation not then possible,310.Hebrew a root-language, and not original or inspired,311.Indefiniteness of translation in our version illustrated,311–312.Importance of accurate rendering of the words of the original,313–314.Cannot be interpreted by writings made long subsequently,313.Correct basis of a true rendering,314.Use of the important words of the original,315.Jehovah not directly mentioned in the narrative; the work was performed by specially energized natural forces operating under guidance of a higher power,315–316.Ancient Egyptians believed in one supreme God,315.Also the Aryans of prehistoric times,316.The cosmogony of the Egyptians,316.Dr. McCosh on the delegated forces of God,317–318.The word which is translated “rested,”318,340.Analogy of volcanic action with work of creation,318.Professor Guyot on the meaning of “God rested;” the forces of nature came to a state of equilibrium,319.Duke of Argyle on the processes of creation around us daily,319.The words “created” and “made,” in verse3, chapter ii, not properly rendered; popular misconception based on this imperfect rendering,319.Signification of the words Bra, Osh, and Iei,320–323.Separation of waters to two opposite foci, with attenuated space between,324,325,329.The above separation hitherto misunderstood,325.Better known to the ancients,328,329.Song of the Three Holy Children, the Psalms, Theophilus, and St.Augustine, on the separation,329.Introduction of vegetable life prior to appearance of free oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,323–326.Jeove as contradistinguished from Aleim,327.Mosaic cosmogony based on prior attenuated matter of space,327.Astronomical knowledge of ancient peoples,329.Table of root-meanings of words used in the narrative,330–333.Some portions of the second narrative examined,333–336.Note.—The second narrative bears the unmistakable impress of its sacred Egyptian derivation; the temptation is pictorially represented on the walls of the temple of Medinet-Abou, at Thebes, which dates from the eighteenth dynasty, while Moses was contemporary with the nineteenth. Joseph entered Egypt during the Hyksos period preceding the eighteenth. (Rawlinson, “Ancient Egypt.” See also his “Ancient Religions,” for Egyptian monotheism, last three pages of chapter i.)Popular need of a more accurate translation of the earlier Scriptures,336.The narrative of creation literally translated,337–340.Order of the successive introductions of life, according to the Mosaic record: 1, land plants; 2, marine vegetation (necessary for sustenance of 3); 3, lower forms of marine life; 4, reptiles; 5, birds (between reptiles and the mammalia); 6, mammals; 7, mankind, male and then female,338,339.NEBULA(Gaseous).Hydrogen and nitrogen in,62,216.Elongated nebula in Sobieski’s Crown,189.Gaseous nebulæ affected by currents in space,189.Oxygen in gaseous nebulæ,216.Distribution of nebulæ in space,237–238,262,264.Herschel’s arrangement of, in progressive series,239.Great composite nebula in Orion,240,255.Gaseous nebulæ described,253.Spectroscopic analysis of,254–258.Changes in form of gaseous nebulæ,256–258.Reversion of a small planetary nebula,258.Progressive changes in nebulæ,258–259,267.Analysis of drawings of gaseous nebulæ of Lord Rosse,261–262,265.Typical forms of non-systemic nebulæ,263.Crab nebula,265,285.Number of gaseous nebulæ already recognized,265.Spiral figure a characteristic,265,266.All spectra of gaseous nebulæ show bright lines,267.Development into solar systems,267,283.Spiral nebula in Canes Venatici,273.Series of spiral nebulæ illustrating progressive advances,279.Types of development, frontispiece and legend beneath.Comparison of spiral nebula with a jet of water,285.Comparison with tail of a comet under rotation,285.Development in accordance with general astronomical laws,346.Convolutions of spiral nebula pyriform,293.Origin of nebulæ from the matter of space,295.Production of planetary nebulæ by mutual repulsion,301–302.Distances of gaseous nebulæ hitherto overestimated,303,304.Each spiral nebula develops into a single solar system,304.Spiral character of many apparently globular nebulæ revealed by telescopes of adequate power,304–305.PLANET.Those of our own system resemble each other,45,67.Jupiter’s body covered with clouds and invisible to us,45. Saturn, Venus, Mars,45.Surface of Mars clearly marked, rarely concealed by vapors,45–46.The planets of our own solar system the only ones visible to us,63.Every self-luminous star must have planets rotating around it,63.Some solar systems may have a single planet,67,171,302.How planets generate electricity from space,88–89.No visible atmosphere or aqueous vapor on moon,122–136.Center of gravity of moon apparently displaced,122.The atmosphere of Mars, its constitution,130–132.Planets belonging to solar systems with double suns,167–168.Angular positions of planets regulate solar energy,176.Due to inclination of solar axis,119–122.Formation of planets from the convolutions of spiral nebulæ,286,289,292.Abnormalities of planets in our system accounted for,286–287,294.Formation of planetary satellites and Saturn’s rings,292–293.Formation of belt of asteroids,294.SOLAR ENERGY.Our first investigations directed to phenomena of our own solar system,8.Successively extended to other bodies of space,8.Simple uniformly acting laws which control,9.Different theories of, hitherto in vogue,17,34.Gradual degradation of, according to former theories,18.Primary error due to attributing solar energy to an original supply in the sun,19.In truth, it is derived from the rotation of the surrounding planets,65.Produced by electrical currents from planetary electrospheres,83–86.Experiment with hydrogen envelope in a pail of water,85,344.Its production and permanent maintenance,86,88,195.Its mode of distribution,139,345.The apparent waste not real,140,345.Correct statement of the mode of production and distribution of all solar energy,141–145,344–346.Discussion of the light and heat of,147–152.Due to planetary energy; evidence from the variable stars,175,346.Great heat-wave of 1892,193.Illustration of solar energy, analogous to water-wheel,251.True final source of solar energy,252,345.Nebular hypothesis with relation to,268–274.Difficulties of nebular hypothesis,274–278.Spiral nebulæ incompatible with nebular hypothesis of,273–278.Splitting up of gaseous nebulæ by internal repulsion,289.SOLAR SYSTEM.Belief, hitherto, in its early termination in eternal darkness,18.Constitution of our,62.Drifting through space,63.Suns and planets mutually correlated,69.Electrical connection between sun and planets,79.Only 1/232000000 part of sun’s energy received by our planets,139.Solar system of variable star Mira,177.Operation of solar systems perpetual,198.No operative solar system could be built up from meteorites,199.Views expressed in this work contrasted with former theories,250–251.Development of a solar system from a spiral nebula,279.Genesis of solar systems from the primordial elements of space,282.Phenomena of the development of solar systems,283.Mode of development of a centripetal planetary solar system from a centrifugal spiral nebula,286.Mode of formation of the asteroids,288.Of comets,289.Disruptive force of repulsion in a gaseous nebula,289.Rupture of convolutions preparatory to formation of planets,290.Reversal of electrical polarity of ruptured convolutions,290.Coalescence into separate planets,290–292.Periodicity in the development of solar systems,300.Origin of single planet solar systems,171,302.SPACE.Estimated temperature of,82.Currents in,106,187–189.Distribution of stars in space,187.Universal connection between all bodies of space,250.So-called “empty space,”295.Tensions in space,295.Illustration from Prince Rupert’s drops,295–296.Constitution of space,297.Unstable equilibrium,297–298.Apparently blank areas of space,299.Our present space eternal,299.The attenuated vapors of space the source of all created things,299–300.The domain and workshop of the Infinite,307.The last refuge of the human intellect,307.SPECTROSCOPE.Absorption bands and bright-line spectrum,155.Spectroscope as used in investigation of nebulæ,253.Applied to great nebula in Orion,256.Bright-line spectra in all gaseous nebulæ,267.(See Chemistry, Star, Sun.)STAR.Distances of stars in space,64,244,248.Our sun a variable star,75,179.Classification by their spectra,156–158.Betelgeuse,159,161.Double stars,162.Double and multiple stars of complementary colors,162–164,176,305.Origin of double stars,164,167,305.Mizar,165.Interpretation of phenomena of double stars,168.Variable stars,168.Regularly variable stars,169.Algol,169–173,302.Planetary system of Mira,177.Delta Cephei,174.Variability due to variable dynamic energy of planets,119–122,175.Phenomena of temporary stars,180–182.Insufficiency of previous explanations of,183–186.True causes of,187–196.Temporary stars usually appear in certain parts of the heavens only,192.Star-clusters,240.Limits and structure of the Milky Way,244.How stars travel through space,249.Common brotherhood of all stars,250.Correct principles of interpretation and explanation of the phenomena of the stars,346.SUN.Hitherto accepted belief that his energies are dying out,18.Chemical elements in the sun,47.Constitution and structure of the sun,48,61.Prominences, faculæ, sun-spots, chromosphere, photosphere, corona, long streamers, solar nucleus,48–56.Sun-spots travel more rapidly across the solar face in proportion to their distance from his equator,54,59.General Myer on sun’s corona,56.Sun-spots described,56–59.Every sun must have planets to enable it to give out light and heat,66.Sun-spots and terrestrial electricity and magnetism,75–76,303.Eleven-year period of sun-spots,75.Operative artificial sun; electrical experiment,86–87.Sun’s gaseous or partially gaseous body a self-compensating mechanism to distribute and equalize his energies,88,106,199.Sun-spots considered with reference to angular positions of the planets,107,119–122,155–156.Origin and development of sun-spots,107–122.Our sun a variable star,179.Repulsion of sun’s long streamers,166,280.Cycles of life on the planets might be produced by successive increases and diminutions of sun’s radiant energy,197.Repulsion of the tails of comets by solar electrosphere,211.Idea of a universal central sun untenable,241.Importance to mankind of a correct knowledge of the sun,251.THEORY.(See Hypothesis.)Various previous theories to account for solar heat and light,19.1, sun now giving out the heat imparted at its creation,21.2, that its volume is being consumed by combustion;3, that its light and heat consist of currents of electricity;4, that comets are the aliment of the sun;5, that the supply is due to accretion by meteoric streams;6, that it is due to molecular condensation from contraction of the sun’s gaseous body;7, Dr. Siemens’s theory of disassociation of gases in space by sunlight and heat, centripetal suction at the solar poles, and recombination and centrifugal emission around the sun’s equator,21–22.The above theories separately considered,23–38.Not sufficient, one or all,39.All fail, also, to account for the solar hydrogen,39.UNIVERSE.Harmony throughout the universe,68,153,341.Classification of bodies which occupy the,153.Star-drift through space,165.
CLASSIFIED INDEX OF SUBJECT-MATTER.
ASTRONOMY.Largely an empirical science, hitherto,9.New light on the phenomena of,68,250,341.Review of subject-matter of the present work,341–348.Speculative, excluded,341.Interpretation of the mysteries of,348.ATMOSPHERE.Atmosphere of sun composed principally of free hydrogen,39,61.Free oxygen the characteristic element in earth’s atmosphere,39.Mott’s theory to account for absence of hydrogen in earth’s atmosphere untenable,39–44.No theory, hitherto, has accounted for the solar hydrogen,44.Aqueous vapors in planetary atmospheres, whence derived,46,62.Aqueous vapors diffused through interplanetary space,46,65.Aqueous vapors diffused through interstellar space,65.Composition of the terrestrial atmosphere,47.Composition of the solar atmosphere,48.Composition of the planetary atmospheres,62.Aqueous vapors around the sun,62.Two grand categories of heavenly bodies, one with atmospheres characterized by free hydrogen and the other with atmospheres characterized by free oxygen,62.Atmospheres, either electrically positive or negative, of hydrogen or oxygen, universal for all the bodies of space,65.Solar and cometic bodies have atmospheres of the hydrogen class, highly heated; planetary atmospheres are of the oxygen class, and are cool,66.Solar and planetary atmospheres are mutually correlated, and produced by disassociation of the elements of aqueous vapors,67.“No sun no planets: no planets no sun,”69.Rapid increase of electrical potential as we ascend through the earth’s atmosphere,74.Its significance,74,75.Sun-spots, terrestrial electricity and magnetism, and auroras, connected with one another,77.A material medium, besides the luminiferous ether, exists between earth and sun,81.The medium consists of attenuated aqueous vapors commingled with other vaporized elements,81.The processes of formation of solar and planetary atmospheres from these vapors,82,308.Incandescence of solar and cool state of planetary atmospheres explained,83–85.Contraction and expansion of sun’s semi-vaporous condensed nucleus a self-compensating mechanism for the regulation of his light and heat,88,106.Identity of atmospheric aurora and electrical brush-light discharge,90,91.Rotating electrosphere of the earth,96.Dimensions of,96.Resistance of atmosphere considered,97,100.Principles concerned in the generation and maintenance of atmospheres,100–106.Currents in space; their influence on planetary and solar electrospheres,106–107.No visible atmosphere on the moon,122.Atmosphere and aqueous vapors must exist on the moon’s surface, but can exist only on opposite side,123.Lunar atmosphere and axial rotation considered with reference to “Argument of Design,”122–128.Habitability of the other planets,128–136.Atmosphere of Mars analyzed and computed,130–132.Atmospheres of Jupiter, Neptune, the moon, etc.,132.Method of computing the atmosphere of any known planet,131–134.Estimation of oxygen in different planetary atmospheres,133.A slight libration of the moon’s atmosphere around its margin produced by counteractive angular effect of solar attraction and repulsion of the earth’s electrosphere, and its result,133–136.Vegetation said to have been observed on lunar surface at margin of this libration,134–135.Aqueous vapors of space considered with reference to thermal light of the sun,147.Spectroscopic analysis of atmospheres of the stars,156–161.Interpretation of complementary colors of double stars,163.Mutual repulsion of similarly electrified atmospheres,124,166–167.Variability of regularly variable stars produced by dynamic action of their planets,168.Atmospheres of temporary stars, “suns in flames,”195.Effect upon planetary atmospheres of our system should our sun become such a “new star,”196–198.Atmospheres of comets,205,212.Atmospheric repulsion of sun and comet,210.Atmospheric attraction between planets and comets,211.Cyanogen as an element of cometic atmospheres,216,218.Decomposition of cyanogen into non-toxic substances by contact of a comet with a planetary atmosphere,218–219.Temperature of cometic atmosphere,218.Repulsion of cometic atmosphere by the sun’s electrosphere,231,235.Development of planetary atmospheres during coalescence of ruptured convolutions of a spiral nebula into spheres,291.The attenuated vapors of space,297–298.The square-shouldered aspect of Saturn’s atmosphere, first noticed by Herschel, explained,302.(See also Fig.4, page124.)Barometric pressure of earth’s atmosphere highest in the temperate zones; its interpretation,303.Application of same principle to sun-spots,303.Should present atmospheres be conceived to be obliterated, new planetary and solar atmospheres would be generated precisely similar to those which now exist,308–309.Solar light and heat would again be re-established,309.Atmospheres in their characteristic elements all due to electrolytic decomposition,343,344.BIOLOGY.Compared with astronomy,10.Splendid advances in, during past few years,15.Laws of, as related to those of astronomy,247.Mosaic cosmogony as related to,320.Order of succession in the introduction of life, according to the Mosaic narrative. (See latter title in Index.)CHEMISTRY.Hydrogen of solar photosphere and chromosphere,39.Oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,45–47.Chemical elements in the sun,47,61.Absence of free oxygen in the sun,47,69.Absence of free oxygen in comets,62.Elements found in comets,62,212,218.Olefiant gas in comets,207,232.Hydrogen, carbon, sodium, and cyanogen,213,214.Carbon and hydrogen compared,214,217,260.Reactions of cyanogen,217.Decomposition of cyanogen by contact of comets with a planetary atmosphere,218,219.Gases occluded in meteorites,232.Laws of crystallization,247.Chemistry of gaseous nebulæ,254–262.Nitrogen, hydrogen, and (most probably) oxygen in all gaseousnebulæ,254.Possibly a more elemental condition of gases in nebulæ,259.Ammonium a hypothetical inorganic radical,259.Bright-line spectrum of gaseous nebulæ,267.Chemical changes during progression of spiral nebulæ,287–292.Oxidation of terrestrial mass during coalescence,292.Phenomena of nature,299,341.COMET.Some of the phenomena of, can only be accounted for by electricity,7.Hydrogen and nitrogen in comets, but no oxygen,62.Description of the phenomena of comets,200,203,210.Trains of meteors follow track of comets,203–204,206–207,232.Formation of envelopes and tails,205,220.Olefiant gas in comet and meteorite,207,232.Electrical repulsion of comets’ tails,208,225–231.Mass and tenuity of comets,209,223.Opposite electrical polarity of comets and planets, and similar polarity of sun and comets,211,233,236.Spectra of comets,213.Hydrogen compounds in comets,213.Temperature of cometic nucleus,218.Reversal of polarity of comet by contact with a planetary electrosphere,233–234.Comets most frequently without tails,222,281.Interpretation of the phenomena of comets,235.Repulsion of comets’ tails illustrating phenomena of gaseous nebulæ,280.Many comets transcend that of Newton in dimensions of their tails,281.Origin of comets by excessive repulsion from the nebular matter of a forming solar system,289.Phenomena of comets in accordance with universal laws governing celestial bodies,346.COSMOLOGY.According to previously accepted views the visible order of creation must result in a final failure,18.Possible termination of present cycle of terrestrial life and possible renewal,198.Solar systems not necessarily individual creations,165.The word “creation” as rendered in our version of the Bible,320.Mosaic narrative (see this title in Index),337–340.Mosaic cosmogony does not exclude prior material space,320.Original creation out of nothing forms no part of the Mosaic or of other primitive cosmologies,320,329,330.Nebular hypothesis not in accordance with Mosaic account of creation,327.Knowledge of cosmology among the ancients,328,329.Ancient Egyptian cosmogony,316.Ancient Syriac cosmology,330.Second Mosaic narrative (the garden of Eden),334–336.Literal translation of the Mosaic record of the creation,337–340.Review of the system of cosmology embraced in the present work,341–348.The harmony of nature’s operations,341.Universal cataclysms contrary to nature,347,348.ELECTRICITY.Electrical connection between earth and sun,7.Mere currents can play no part in the grander operations of nature,8.Repulsion by the sun of the solar corona,55,61.Electricity, the universal source of repulsion, compared with gravity and affinity, the universal sources of attraction,70.Electricity considered with reference to solar energy,70,343.Electrolysis,70.Laws of electricity,70.Currents constantly passing between earth and sun,75.The same considered in detail,75–76,80,343.Velocity of these currents equal to that of light,77.Cannot pass through vacua,81.Heating effect of electrolyzing current,83,344.Arc lamp,83–84.Intense heat produced by current under water, operating through a hydrogen envelope surrounding a conductor,85.Electrical induction machines described,88–95,344.Their resemblance to rotating planetary electrospheres,96,345.Mutual repulsion of similar electrospheres,123–125.Analogy of reflex nervous system with electrical circuit,136.Phenomena of variable stars due to more or less concentrated electric currents from their encircling planets,175.Variation in constitution of, and currents in space affect the planetary generation of electricity,188–192.Electricity between adjacent solar systems,194.Electrical repulsion of the tails of comets,211,235.Electricity as an element in development of nebulæ,284–286.Electrical repulsion operates to drive off the matter of future comets from condensing nebulæ,289.HYPOTHESIS.(See Theory.)No adequate hypothesis, hitherto, to account for continuance of solar energy in the past,17.General statement of Laplace’s nebular hypothesis,12.The nebular hypothesis has not been proved,35,270–278.What it requires for its basis,97,274–276.Correct basis for hypothesis of solar energy,141–144,286.Nebular hypothesis considered in detail,268–278.Contrast of nebular hypothesis with the present work,306.The Mosaic cosmogony,308.Nebular hypothesis deals only with aggregations,309–310.The cosmogony of Genesis more scientific,310.Origin of Mosaic narrative,310,329–330.Egyptian cosmogony,316.Different hypotheses reviewed,342.All prior theories insufficient to account for the facts,342.LAW, NATURAL.Some general law must control astronomical phenomena,7.But few fixed, controlling laws in nature,14.Natural laws eternal in their operation,18.Supremacy of natural laws,100.Gravitation cannot control star-drift in space,64.Universality and harmony, but not identity in the results of the operation of these laws,68.“A more wonderful law of harmony than those of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton,”80.Indefinite approaches often prelude great discoveries,80.Laws of repulsion and attraction,124–127.Harmony among all the solar systems,145,153.Sphere of effective control under gravity,241.Universality of gravitation has been doubted,241–242.Demonstration that gravity cannot control universally,243–245.Proportionate and aggregate attractions between systems,244.Stars traverse space without reference to law of gravity,246.A higher law of movement indicated,247,249.Comparison with the natural laws of biology,247.Laws operate constantly, but only manifest change at intervals,248,283.The drift of stars through space,249.Interdependence between all created systems,250–252.Astrology: its abandoned beliefs considered,261.Attraction and repulsion naturally correlated,280.Bode’s empirical law interpreted by development of the solar system from a spiral nebula,287.Arrest of moon’s axial rotation,293.Laws of Laplace, etc.,294.Laws of movement in the development of solar systems,298.Basis of human knowledge,299.Interpretation of the laws of nature,306–307.Operation of same laws which produced our solar and planetary atmospheres would reproduce similar ones if these were destroyed,308.Universality of natural laws,347,348.MOSAIC NARRATIVE.Moses fully acquainted, by initiation into the priesthood, with the sacred knowledge of the Egyptians (the Hebrews were not),310.The Mosaic record more scientific than the Nebular hypothesis,310.Improperly rendered from the original in our version,310.Full and correct translation not then possible,310.Hebrew a root-language, and not original or inspired,311.Indefiniteness of translation in our version illustrated,311–312.Importance of accurate rendering of the words of the original,313–314.Cannot be interpreted by writings made long subsequently,313.Correct basis of a true rendering,314.Use of the important words of the original,315.Jehovah not directly mentioned in the narrative; the work was performed by specially energized natural forces operating under guidance of a higher power,315–316.Ancient Egyptians believed in one supreme God,315.Also the Aryans of prehistoric times,316.The cosmogony of the Egyptians,316.Dr. McCosh on the delegated forces of God,317–318.The word which is translated “rested,”318,340.Analogy of volcanic action with work of creation,318.Professor Guyot on the meaning of “God rested;” the forces of nature came to a state of equilibrium,319.Duke of Argyle on the processes of creation around us daily,319.The words “created” and “made,” in verse3, chapter ii, not properly rendered; popular misconception based on this imperfect rendering,319.Signification of the words Bra, Osh, and Iei,320–323.Separation of waters to two opposite foci, with attenuated space between,324,325,329.The above separation hitherto misunderstood,325.Better known to the ancients,328,329.Song of the Three Holy Children, the Psalms, Theophilus, and St.Augustine, on the separation,329.Introduction of vegetable life prior to appearance of free oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,323–326.Jeove as contradistinguished from Aleim,327.Mosaic cosmogony based on prior attenuated matter of space,327.Astronomical knowledge of ancient peoples,329.Table of root-meanings of words used in the narrative,330–333.Some portions of the second narrative examined,333–336.Note.—The second narrative bears the unmistakable impress of its sacred Egyptian derivation; the temptation is pictorially represented on the walls of the temple of Medinet-Abou, at Thebes, which dates from the eighteenth dynasty, while Moses was contemporary with the nineteenth. Joseph entered Egypt during the Hyksos period preceding the eighteenth. (Rawlinson, “Ancient Egypt.” See also his “Ancient Religions,” for Egyptian monotheism, last three pages of chapter i.)Popular need of a more accurate translation of the earlier Scriptures,336.The narrative of creation literally translated,337–340.Order of the successive introductions of life, according to the Mosaic record: 1, land plants; 2, marine vegetation (necessary for sustenance of 3); 3, lower forms of marine life; 4, reptiles; 5, birds (between reptiles and the mammalia); 6, mammals; 7, mankind, male and then female,338,339.NEBULA(Gaseous).Hydrogen and nitrogen in,62,216.Elongated nebula in Sobieski’s Crown,189.Gaseous nebulæ affected by currents in space,189.Oxygen in gaseous nebulæ,216.Distribution of nebulæ in space,237–238,262,264.Herschel’s arrangement of, in progressive series,239.Great composite nebula in Orion,240,255.Gaseous nebulæ described,253.Spectroscopic analysis of,254–258.Changes in form of gaseous nebulæ,256–258.Reversion of a small planetary nebula,258.Progressive changes in nebulæ,258–259,267.Analysis of drawings of gaseous nebulæ of Lord Rosse,261–262,265.Typical forms of non-systemic nebulæ,263.Crab nebula,265,285.Number of gaseous nebulæ already recognized,265.Spiral figure a characteristic,265,266.All spectra of gaseous nebulæ show bright lines,267.Development into solar systems,267,283.Spiral nebula in Canes Venatici,273.Series of spiral nebulæ illustrating progressive advances,279.Types of development, frontispiece and legend beneath.Comparison of spiral nebula with a jet of water,285.Comparison with tail of a comet under rotation,285.Development in accordance with general astronomical laws,346.Convolutions of spiral nebula pyriform,293.Origin of nebulæ from the matter of space,295.Production of planetary nebulæ by mutual repulsion,301–302.Distances of gaseous nebulæ hitherto overestimated,303,304.Each spiral nebula develops into a single solar system,304.Spiral character of many apparently globular nebulæ revealed by telescopes of adequate power,304–305.PLANET.Those of our own system resemble each other,45,67.Jupiter’s body covered with clouds and invisible to us,45. Saturn, Venus, Mars,45.Surface of Mars clearly marked, rarely concealed by vapors,45–46.The planets of our own solar system the only ones visible to us,63.Every self-luminous star must have planets rotating around it,63.Some solar systems may have a single planet,67,171,302.How planets generate electricity from space,88–89.No visible atmosphere or aqueous vapor on moon,122–136.Center of gravity of moon apparently displaced,122.The atmosphere of Mars, its constitution,130–132.Planets belonging to solar systems with double suns,167–168.Angular positions of planets regulate solar energy,176.Due to inclination of solar axis,119–122.Formation of planets from the convolutions of spiral nebulæ,286,289,292.Abnormalities of planets in our system accounted for,286–287,294.Formation of planetary satellites and Saturn’s rings,292–293.Formation of belt of asteroids,294.SOLAR ENERGY.Our first investigations directed to phenomena of our own solar system,8.Successively extended to other bodies of space,8.Simple uniformly acting laws which control,9.Different theories of, hitherto in vogue,17,34.Gradual degradation of, according to former theories,18.Primary error due to attributing solar energy to an original supply in the sun,19.In truth, it is derived from the rotation of the surrounding planets,65.Produced by electrical currents from planetary electrospheres,83–86.Experiment with hydrogen envelope in a pail of water,85,344.Its production and permanent maintenance,86,88,195.Its mode of distribution,139,345.The apparent waste not real,140,345.Correct statement of the mode of production and distribution of all solar energy,141–145,344–346.Discussion of the light and heat of,147–152.Due to planetary energy; evidence from the variable stars,175,346.Great heat-wave of 1892,193.Illustration of solar energy, analogous to water-wheel,251.True final source of solar energy,252,345.Nebular hypothesis with relation to,268–274.Difficulties of nebular hypothesis,274–278.Spiral nebulæ incompatible with nebular hypothesis of,273–278.Splitting up of gaseous nebulæ by internal repulsion,289.SOLAR SYSTEM.Belief, hitherto, in its early termination in eternal darkness,18.Constitution of our,62.Drifting through space,63.Suns and planets mutually correlated,69.Electrical connection between sun and planets,79.Only 1/232000000 part of sun’s energy received by our planets,139.Solar system of variable star Mira,177.Operation of solar systems perpetual,198.No operative solar system could be built up from meteorites,199.Views expressed in this work contrasted with former theories,250–251.Development of a solar system from a spiral nebula,279.Genesis of solar systems from the primordial elements of space,282.Phenomena of the development of solar systems,283.Mode of development of a centripetal planetary solar system from a centrifugal spiral nebula,286.Mode of formation of the asteroids,288.Of comets,289.Disruptive force of repulsion in a gaseous nebula,289.Rupture of convolutions preparatory to formation of planets,290.Reversal of electrical polarity of ruptured convolutions,290.Coalescence into separate planets,290–292.Periodicity in the development of solar systems,300.Origin of single planet solar systems,171,302.SPACE.Estimated temperature of,82.Currents in,106,187–189.Distribution of stars in space,187.Universal connection between all bodies of space,250.So-called “empty space,”295.Tensions in space,295.Illustration from Prince Rupert’s drops,295–296.Constitution of space,297.Unstable equilibrium,297–298.Apparently blank areas of space,299.Our present space eternal,299.The attenuated vapors of space the source of all created things,299–300.The domain and workshop of the Infinite,307.The last refuge of the human intellect,307.SPECTROSCOPE.Absorption bands and bright-line spectrum,155.Spectroscope as used in investigation of nebulæ,253.Applied to great nebula in Orion,256.Bright-line spectra in all gaseous nebulæ,267.(See Chemistry, Star, Sun.)STAR.Distances of stars in space,64,244,248.Our sun a variable star,75,179.Classification by their spectra,156–158.Betelgeuse,159,161.Double stars,162.Double and multiple stars of complementary colors,162–164,176,305.Origin of double stars,164,167,305.Mizar,165.Interpretation of phenomena of double stars,168.Variable stars,168.Regularly variable stars,169.Algol,169–173,302.Planetary system of Mira,177.Delta Cephei,174.Variability due to variable dynamic energy of planets,119–122,175.Phenomena of temporary stars,180–182.Insufficiency of previous explanations of,183–186.True causes of,187–196.Temporary stars usually appear in certain parts of the heavens only,192.Star-clusters,240.Limits and structure of the Milky Way,244.How stars travel through space,249.Common brotherhood of all stars,250.Correct principles of interpretation and explanation of the phenomena of the stars,346.SUN.Hitherto accepted belief that his energies are dying out,18.Chemical elements in the sun,47.Constitution and structure of the sun,48,61.Prominences, faculæ, sun-spots, chromosphere, photosphere, corona, long streamers, solar nucleus,48–56.Sun-spots travel more rapidly across the solar face in proportion to their distance from his equator,54,59.General Myer on sun’s corona,56.Sun-spots described,56–59.Every sun must have planets to enable it to give out light and heat,66.Sun-spots and terrestrial electricity and magnetism,75–76,303.Eleven-year period of sun-spots,75.Operative artificial sun; electrical experiment,86–87.Sun’s gaseous or partially gaseous body a self-compensating mechanism to distribute and equalize his energies,88,106,199.Sun-spots considered with reference to angular positions of the planets,107,119–122,155–156.Origin and development of sun-spots,107–122.Our sun a variable star,179.Repulsion of sun’s long streamers,166,280.Cycles of life on the planets might be produced by successive increases and diminutions of sun’s radiant energy,197.Repulsion of the tails of comets by solar electrosphere,211.Idea of a universal central sun untenable,241.Importance to mankind of a correct knowledge of the sun,251.THEORY.(See Hypothesis.)Various previous theories to account for solar heat and light,19.1, sun now giving out the heat imparted at its creation,21.2, that its volume is being consumed by combustion;3, that its light and heat consist of currents of electricity;4, that comets are the aliment of the sun;5, that the supply is due to accretion by meteoric streams;6, that it is due to molecular condensation from contraction of the sun’s gaseous body;7, Dr. Siemens’s theory of disassociation of gases in space by sunlight and heat, centripetal suction at the solar poles, and recombination and centrifugal emission around the sun’s equator,21–22.The above theories separately considered,23–38.Not sufficient, one or all,39.All fail, also, to account for the solar hydrogen,39.UNIVERSE.Harmony throughout the universe,68,153,341.Classification of bodies which occupy the,153.Star-drift through space,165.
ASTRONOMY.Largely an empirical science, hitherto,9.New light on the phenomena of,68,250,341.Review of subject-matter of the present work,341–348.Speculative, excluded,341.Interpretation of the mysteries of,348.
ATMOSPHERE.Atmosphere of sun composed principally of free hydrogen,39,61.Free oxygen the characteristic element in earth’s atmosphere,39.Mott’s theory to account for absence of hydrogen in earth’s atmosphere untenable,39–44.No theory, hitherto, has accounted for the solar hydrogen,44.Aqueous vapors in planetary atmospheres, whence derived,46,62.Aqueous vapors diffused through interplanetary space,46,65.Aqueous vapors diffused through interstellar space,65.Composition of the terrestrial atmosphere,47.Composition of the solar atmosphere,48.Composition of the planetary atmospheres,62.Aqueous vapors around the sun,62.Two grand categories of heavenly bodies, one with atmospheres characterized by free hydrogen and the other with atmospheres characterized by free oxygen,62.Atmospheres, either electrically positive or negative, of hydrogen or oxygen, universal for all the bodies of space,65.Solar and cometic bodies have atmospheres of the hydrogen class, highly heated; planetary atmospheres are of the oxygen class, and are cool,66.Solar and planetary atmospheres are mutually correlated, and produced by disassociation of the elements of aqueous vapors,67.“No sun no planets: no planets no sun,”69.Rapid increase of electrical potential as we ascend through the earth’s atmosphere,74.Its significance,74,75.Sun-spots, terrestrial electricity and magnetism, and auroras, connected with one another,77.A material medium, besides the luminiferous ether, exists between earth and sun,81.The medium consists of attenuated aqueous vapors commingled with other vaporized elements,81.The processes of formation of solar and planetary atmospheres from these vapors,82,308.Incandescence of solar and cool state of planetary atmospheres explained,83–85.Contraction and expansion of sun’s semi-vaporous condensed nucleus a self-compensating mechanism for the regulation of his light and heat,88,106.Identity of atmospheric aurora and electrical brush-light discharge,90,91.Rotating electrosphere of the earth,96.Dimensions of,96.Resistance of atmosphere considered,97,100.Principles concerned in the generation and maintenance of atmospheres,100–106.Currents in space; their influence on planetary and solar electrospheres,106–107.No visible atmosphere on the moon,122.Atmosphere and aqueous vapors must exist on the moon’s surface, but can exist only on opposite side,123.Lunar atmosphere and axial rotation considered with reference to “Argument of Design,”122–128.Habitability of the other planets,128–136.Atmosphere of Mars analyzed and computed,130–132.Atmospheres of Jupiter, Neptune, the moon, etc.,132.Method of computing the atmosphere of any known planet,131–134.Estimation of oxygen in different planetary atmospheres,133.A slight libration of the moon’s atmosphere around its margin produced by counteractive angular effect of solar attraction and repulsion of the earth’s electrosphere, and its result,133–136.Vegetation said to have been observed on lunar surface at margin of this libration,134–135.Aqueous vapors of space considered with reference to thermal light of the sun,147.Spectroscopic analysis of atmospheres of the stars,156–161.Interpretation of complementary colors of double stars,163.Mutual repulsion of similarly electrified atmospheres,124,166–167.Variability of regularly variable stars produced by dynamic action of their planets,168.Atmospheres of temporary stars, “suns in flames,”195.Effect upon planetary atmospheres of our system should our sun become such a “new star,”196–198.Atmospheres of comets,205,212.Atmospheric repulsion of sun and comet,210.Atmospheric attraction between planets and comets,211.Cyanogen as an element of cometic atmospheres,216,218.Decomposition of cyanogen into non-toxic substances by contact of a comet with a planetary atmosphere,218–219.Temperature of cometic atmosphere,218.Repulsion of cometic atmosphere by the sun’s electrosphere,231,235.Development of planetary atmospheres during coalescence of ruptured convolutions of a spiral nebula into spheres,291.The attenuated vapors of space,297–298.The square-shouldered aspect of Saturn’s atmosphere, first noticed by Herschel, explained,302.(See also Fig.4, page124.)Barometric pressure of earth’s atmosphere highest in the temperate zones; its interpretation,303.Application of same principle to sun-spots,303.Should present atmospheres be conceived to be obliterated, new planetary and solar atmospheres would be generated precisely similar to those which now exist,308–309.Solar light and heat would again be re-established,309.Atmospheres in their characteristic elements all due to electrolytic decomposition,343,344.
BIOLOGY.Compared with astronomy,10.Splendid advances in, during past few years,15.Laws of, as related to those of astronomy,247.Mosaic cosmogony as related to,320.Order of succession in the introduction of life, according to the Mosaic narrative. (See latter title in Index.)
CHEMISTRY.Hydrogen of solar photosphere and chromosphere,39.Oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,45–47.Chemical elements in the sun,47,61.Absence of free oxygen in the sun,47,69.Absence of free oxygen in comets,62.Elements found in comets,62,212,218.Olefiant gas in comets,207,232.Hydrogen, carbon, sodium, and cyanogen,213,214.Carbon and hydrogen compared,214,217,260.Reactions of cyanogen,217.Decomposition of cyanogen by contact of comets with a planetary atmosphere,218,219.Gases occluded in meteorites,232.Laws of crystallization,247.Chemistry of gaseous nebulæ,254–262.Nitrogen, hydrogen, and (most probably) oxygen in all gaseousnebulæ,254.Possibly a more elemental condition of gases in nebulæ,259.Ammonium a hypothetical inorganic radical,259.Bright-line spectrum of gaseous nebulæ,267.Chemical changes during progression of spiral nebulæ,287–292.Oxidation of terrestrial mass during coalescence,292.Phenomena of nature,299,341.
COMET.Some of the phenomena of, can only be accounted for by electricity,7.Hydrogen and nitrogen in comets, but no oxygen,62.Description of the phenomena of comets,200,203,210.Trains of meteors follow track of comets,203–204,206–207,232.Formation of envelopes and tails,205,220.Olefiant gas in comet and meteorite,207,232.Electrical repulsion of comets’ tails,208,225–231.Mass and tenuity of comets,209,223.Opposite electrical polarity of comets and planets, and similar polarity of sun and comets,211,233,236.Spectra of comets,213.Hydrogen compounds in comets,213.Temperature of cometic nucleus,218.Reversal of polarity of comet by contact with a planetary electrosphere,233–234.Comets most frequently without tails,222,281.Interpretation of the phenomena of comets,235.Repulsion of comets’ tails illustrating phenomena of gaseous nebulæ,280.Many comets transcend that of Newton in dimensions of their tails,281.Origin of comets by excessive repulsion from the nebular matter of a forming solar system,289.Phenomena of comets in accordance with universal laws governing celestial bodies,346.
COSMOLOGY.According to previously accepted views the visible order of creation must result in a final failure,18.Possible termination of present cycle of terrestrial life and possible renewal,198.Solar systems not necessarily individual creations,165.The word “creation” as rendered in our version of the Bible,320.Mosaic narrative (see this title in Index),337–340.Mosaic cosmogony does not exclude prior material space,320.Original creation out of nothing forms no part of the Mosaic or of other primitive cosmologies,320,329,330.Nebular hypothesis not in accordance with Mosaic account of creation,327.Knowledge of cosmology among the ancients,328,329.Ancient Egyptian cosmogony,316.Ancient Syriac cosmology,330.Second Mosaic narrative (the garden of Eden),334–336.Literal translation of the Mosaic record of the creation,337–340.Review of the system of cosmology embraced in the present work,341–348.The harmony of nature’s operations,341.Universal cataclysms contrary to nature,347,348.
ELECTRICITY.Electrical connection between earth and sun,7.Mere currents can play no part in the grander operations of nature,8.Repulsion by the sun of the solar corona,55,61.Electricity, the universal source of repulsion, compared with gravity and affinity, the universal sources of attraction,70.Electricity considered with reference to solar energy,70,343.Electrolysis,70.Laws of electricity,70.Currents constantly passing between earth and sun,75.The same considered in detail,75–76,80,343.Velocity of these currents equal to that of light,77.Cannot pass through vacua,81.Heating effect of electrolyzing current,83,344.Arc lamp,83–84.Intense heat produced by current under water, operating through a hydrogen envelope surrounding a conductor,85.Electrical induction machines described,88–95,344.Their resemblance to rotating planetary electrospheres,96,345.Mutual repulsion of similar electrospheres,123–125.Analogy of reflex nervous system with electrical circuit,136.Phenomena of variable stars due to more or less concentrated electric currents from their encircling planets,175.Variation in constitution of, and currents in space affect the planetary generation of electricity,188–192.Electricity between adjacent solar systems,194.Electrical repulsion of the tails of comets,211,235.Electricity as an element in development of nebulæ,284–286.Electrical repulsion operates to drive off the matter of future comets from condensing nebulæ,289.
HYPOTHESIS.(See Theory.)No adequate hypothesis, hitherto, to account for continuance of solar energy in the past,17.General statement of Laplace’s nebular hypothesis,12.The nebular hypothesis has not been proved,35,270–278.What it requires for its basis,97,274–276.Correct basis for hypothesis of solar energy,141–144,286.Nebular hypothesis considered in detail,268–278.Contrast of nebular hypothesis with the present work,306.The Mosaic cosmogony,308.Nebular hypothesis deals only with aggregations,309–310.The cosmogony of Genesis more scientific,310.Origin of Mosaic narrative,310,329–330.Egyptian cosmogony,316.Different hypotheses reviewed,342.All prior theories insufficient to account for the facts,342.
LAW, NATURAL.Some general law must control astronomical phenomena,7.But few fixed, controlling laws in nature,14.Natural laws eternal in their operation,18.Supremacy of natural laws,100.Gravitation cannot control star-drift in space,64.Universality and harmony, but not identity in the results of the operation of these laws,68.“A more wonderful law of harmony than those of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton,”80.Indefinite approaches often prelude great discoveries,80.Laws of repulsion and attraction,124–127.Harmony among all the solar systems,145,153.Sphere of effective control under gravity,241.Universality of gravitation has been doubted,241–242.Demonstration that gravity cannot control universally,243–245.Proportionate and aggregate attractions between systems,244.Stars traverse space without reference to law of gravity,246.A higher law of movement indicated,247,249.Comparison with the natural laws of biology,247.Laws operate constantly, but only manifest change at intervals,248,283.The drift of stars through space,249.Interdependence between all created systems,250–252.Astrology: its abandoned beliefs considered,261.Attraction and repulsion naturally correlated,280.Bode’s empirical law interpreted by development of the solar system from a spiral nebula,287.Arrest of moon’s axial rotation,293.Laws of Laplace, etc.,294.Laws of movement in the development of solar systems,298.Basis of human knowledge,299.Interpretation of the laws of nature,306–307.Operation of same laws which produced our solar and planetary atmospheres would reproduce similar ones if these were destroyed,308.Universality of natural laws,347,348.
MOSAIC NARRATIVE.Moses fully acquainted, by initiation into the priesthood, with the sacred knowledge of the Egyptians (the Hebrews were not),310.The Mosaic record more scientific than the Nebular hypothesis,310.Improperly rendered from the original in our version,310.Full and correct translation not then possible,310.Hebrew a root-language, and not original or inspired,311.Indefiniteness of translation in our version illustrated,311–312.Importance of accurate rendering of the words of the original,313–314.Cannot be interpreted by writings made long subsequently,313.Correct basis of a true rendering,314.Use of the important words of the original,315.Jehovah not directly mentioned in the narrative; the work was performed by specially energized natural forces operating under guidance of a higher power,315–316.Ancient Egyptians believed in one supreme God,315.Also the Aryans of prehistoric times,316.The cosmogony of the Egyptians,316.Dr. McCosh on the delegated forces of God,317–318.The word which is translated “rested,”318,340.Analogy of volcanic action with work of creation,318.Professor Guyot on the meaning of “God rested;” the forces of nature came to a state of equilibrium,319.Duke of Argyle on the processes of creation around us daily,319.The words “created” and “made,” in verse3, chapter ii, not properly rendered; popular misconception based on this imperfect rendering,319.Signification of the words Bra, Osh, and Iei,320–323.Separation of waters to two opposite foci, with attenuated space between,324,325,329.The above separation hitherto misunderstood,325.Better known to the ancients,328,329.Song of the Three Holy Children, the Psalms, Theophilus, and St.Augustine, on the separation,329.Introduction of vegetable life prior to appearance of free oxygen in earth’s atmosphere,323–326.Jeove as contradistinguished from Aleim,327.Mosaic cosmogony based on prior attenuated matter of space,327.Astronomical knowledge of ancient peoples,329.Table of root-meanings of words used in the narrative,330–333.Some portions of the second narrative examined,333–336.
Note.—The second narrative bears the unmistakable impress of its sacred Egyptian derivation; the temptation is pictorially represented on the walls of the temple of Medinet-Abou, at Thebes, which dates from the eighteenth dynasty, while Moses was contemporary with the nineteenth. Joseph entered Egypt during the Hyksos period preceding the eighteenth. (Rawlinson, “Ancient Egypt.” See also his “Ancient Religions,” for Egyptian monotheism, last three pages of chapter i.)
Popular need of a more accurate translation of the earlier Scriptures,336.The narrative of creation literally translated,337–340.Order of the successive introductions of life, according to the Mosaic record: 1, land plants; 2, marine vegetation (necessary for sustenance of 3); 3, lower forms of marine life; 4, reptiles; 5, birds (between reptiles and the mammalia); 6, mammals; 7, mankind, male and then female,338,339.
NEBULA(Gaseous).Hydrogen and nitrogen in,62,216.Elongated nebula in Sobieski’s Crown,189.Gaseous nebulæ affected by currents in space,189.Oxygen in gaseous nebulæ,216.Distribution of nebulæ in space,237–238,262,264.Herschel’s arrangement of, in progressive series,239.Great composite nebula in Orion,240,255.Gaseous nebulæ described,253.Spectroscopic analysis of,254–258.Changes in form of gaseous nebulæ,256–258.Reversion of a small planetary nebula,258.Progressive changes in nebulæ,258–259,267.Analysis of drawings of gaseous nebulæ of Lord Rosse,261–262,265.Typical forms of non-systemic nebulæ,263.Crab nebula,265,285.Number of gaseous nebulæ already recognized,265.Spiral figure a characteristic,265,266.All spectra of gaseous nebulæ show bright lines,267.Development into solar systems,267,283.Spiral nebula in Canes Venatici,273.Series of spiral nebulæ illustrating progressive advances,279.Types of development, frontispiece and legend beneath.Comparison of spiral nebula with a jet of water,285.Comparison with tail of a comet under rotation,285.Development in accordance with general astronomical laws,346.Convolutions of spiral nebula pyriform,293.Origin of nebulæ from the matter of space,295.Production of planetary nebulæ by mutual repulsion,301–302.Distances of gaseous nebulæ hitherto overestimated,303,304.Each spiral nebula develops into a single solar system,304.Spiral character of many apparently globular nebulæ revealed by telescopes of adequate power,304–305.
PLANET.Those of our own system resemble each other,45,67.Jupiter’s body covered with clouds and invisible to us,45. Saturn, Venus, Mars,45.Surface of Mars clearly marked, rarely concealed by vapors,45–46.The planets of our own solar system the only ones visible to us,63.Every self-luminous star must have planets rotating around it,63.Some solar systems may have a single planet,67,171,302.How planets generate electricity from space,88–89.No visible atmosphere or aqueous vapor on moon,122–136.Center of gravity of moon apparently displaced,122.The atmosphere of Mars, its constitution,130–132.Planets belonging to solar systems with double suns,167–168.Angular positions of planets regulate solar energy,176.Due to inclination of solar axis,119–122.Formation of planets from the convolutions of spiral nebulæ,286,289,292.Abnormalities of planets in our system accounted for,286–287,294.Formation of planetary satellites and Saturn’s rings,292–293.Formation of belt of asteroids,294.
SOLAR ENERGY.Our first investigations directed to phenomena of our own solar system,8.Successively extended to other bodies of space,8.Simple uniformly acting laws which control,9.Different theories of, hitherto in vogue,17,34.Gradual degradation of, according to former theories,18.Primary error due to attributing solar energy to an original supply in the sun,19.In truth, it is derived from the rotation of the surrounding planets,65.Produced by electrical currents from planetary electrospheres,83–86.Experiment with hydrogen envelope in a pail of water,85,344.Its production and permanent maintenance,86,88,195.Its mode of distribution,139,345.The apparent waste not real,140,345.Correct statement of the mode of production and distribution of all solar energy,141–145,344–346.Discussion of the light and heat of,147–152.Due to planetary energy; evidence from the variable stars,175,346.Great heat-wave of 1892,193.Illustration of solar energy, analogous to water-wheel,251.True final source of solar energy,252,345.Nebular hypothesis with relation to,268–274.Difficulties of nebular hypothesis,274–278.Spiral nebulæ incompatible with nebular hypothesis of,273–278.Splitting up of gaseous nebulæ by internal repulsion,289.
SOLAR SYSTEM.Belief, hitherto, in its early termination in eternal darkness,18.Constitution of our,62.Drifting through space,63.Suns and planets mutually correlated,69.Electrical connection between sun and planets,79.Only 1/232000000 part of sun’s energy received by our planets,139.Solar system of variable star Mira,177.Operation of solar systems perpetual,198.No operative solar system could be built up from meteorites,199.Views expressed in this work contrasted with former theories,250–251.Development of a solar system from a spiral nebula,279.Genesis of solar systems from the primordial elements of space,282.Phenomena of the development of solar systems,283.Mode of development of a centripetal planetary solar system from a centrifugal spiral nebula,286.Mode of formation of the asteroids,288.Of comets,289.Disruptive force of repulsion in a gaseous nebula,289.Rupture of convolutions preparatory to formation of planets,290.Reversal of electrical polarity of ruptured convolutions,290.Coalescence into separate planets,290–292.Periodicity in the development of solar systems,300.Origin of single planet solar systems,171,302.
SPACE.Estimated temperature of,82.Currents in,106,187–189.Distribution of stars in space,187.Universal connection between all bodies of space,250.So-called “empty space,”295.Tensions in space,295.Illustration from Prince Rupert’s drops,295–296.Constitution of space,297.Unstable equilibrium,297–298.Apparently blank areas of space,299.Our present space eternal,299.The attenuated vapors of space the source of all created things,299–300.The domain and workshop of the Infinite,307.The last refuge of the human intellect,307.
SPECTROSCOPE.Absorption bands and bright-line spectrum,155.Spectroscope as used in investigation of nebulæ,253.Applied to great nebula in Orion,256.Bright-line spectra in all gaseous nebulæ,267.(See Chemistry, Star, Sun.)
STAR.Distances of stars in space,64,244,248.Our sun a variable star,75,179.Classification by their spectra,156–158.Betelgeuse,159,161.Double stars,162.Double and multiple stars of complementary colors,162–164,176,305.Origin of double stars,164,167,305.Mizar,165.Interpretation of phenomena of double stars,168.Variable stars,168.Regularly variable stars,169.Algol,169–173,302.Planetary system of Mira,177.Delta Cephei,174.Variability due to variable dynamic energy of planets,119–122,175.Phenomena of temporary stars,180–182.Insufficiency of previous explanations of,183–186.True causes of,187–196.Temporary stars usually appear in certain parts of the heavens only,192.Star-clusters,240.Limits and structure of the Milky Way,244.How stars travel through space,249.Common brotherhood of all stars,250.Correct principles of interpretation and explanation of the phenomena of the stars,346.
SUN.Hitherto accepted belief that his energies are dying out,18.Chemical elements in the sun,47.Constitution and structure of the sun,48,61.Prominences, faculæ, sun-spots, chromosphere, photosphere, corona, long streamers, solar nucleus,48–56.Sun-spots travel more rapidly across the solar face in proportion to their distance from his equator,54,59.General Myer on sun’s corona,56.Sun-spots described,56–59.Every sun must have planets to enable it to give out light and heat,66.Sun-spots and terrestrial electricity and magnetism,75–76,303.Eleven-year period of sun-spots,75.Operative artificial sun; electrical experiment,86–87.Sun’s gaseous or partially gaseous body a self-compensating mechanism to distribute and equalize his energies,88,106,199.Sun-spots considered with reference to angular positions of the planets,107,119–122,155–156.Origin and development of sun-spots,107–122.Our sun a variable star,179.Repulsion of sun’s long streamers,166,280.Cycles of life on the planets might be produced by successive increases and diminutions of sun’s radiant energy,197.Repulsion of the tails of comets by solar electrosphere,211.Idea of a universal central sun untenable,241.Importance to mankind of a correct knowledge of the sun,251.
THEORY.(See Hypothesis.)Various previous theories to account for solar heat and light,19.1, sun now giving out the heat imparted at its creation,21.2, that its volume is being consumed by combustion;3, that its light and heat consist of currents of electricity;4, that comets are the aliment of the sun;5, that the supply is due to accretion by meteoric streams;6, that it is due to molecular condensation from contraction of the sun’s gaseous body;7, Dr. Siemens’s theory of disassociation of gases in space by sunlight and heat, centripetal suction at the solar poles, and recombination and centrifugal emission around the sun’s equator,21–22.The above theories separately considered,23–38.Not sufficient, one or all,39.All fail, also, to account for the solar hydrogen,39.
UNIVERSE.Harmony throughout the universe,68,153,341.Classification of bodies which occupy the,153.Star-drift through space,165.