After all the dissections and minute investigations that can possibly be made,the distemper, in respect to its original or remote cause, sets every enquiry at defiance; and it remains in the same state of uncertainty in which it has continued for thirty years past. Great and indefatigable exertions, however, on the part ofMr. Blaine, (a professional gentleman of anatomical and medical celebrity,) have done much in the investigation; and as his researches are constant and unwearied, theSPORTING WORLDhave yet much to expect from his perseverance. Mr. B. most candidly observes, that, "amidst all his investigations, although unable to discover the original cause of the disease, and after many experiments made upon probable ground to provide a cure for it, what enquiry, conducted on principles of reason and science, could not do, was effected bychance; and a remedy was found as certain in its effects, as it is possible for a remedy to be. Under a fair trial it has never been known to fail; even in the worst stages, when the convulsions were very frequent, it has removed the complaint; yet, where the disease is so malignant, the certainty must be diminished."
Mr. Beckford, whose series of "Letters upon Hunting" are amongst the happiest efforts of truth and accurate observation, communicates a remedy for the distemper, transmitted to him by a friend whose hounds had derived great benefit from theexperiment, of taking "an ounce of Peruvian bark in a glass of port wine twice every day;" whether as aballorbolusdoes not appear; but, perhaps, upon trial, it will be found, thatan ounceof bark in powder will absorb (or take up)fourglasses of wine, before it can be rendered sufficientlyfluidfor administering in that form.
Mr. Danielhas so largely and judiciously treated upon the subjects of thedistemperandcanine madnessin hisRural Sports, that it is impossible to add a single thought or line upon either, without the most palpable appearance of plagiarism: his own observations, blended with a collection of well-authenticated facts, are so numerous, so just, and the inferences drawn so truly scientific, that nothing new or additionally advantageous can be introduced.
Dogsof every description are held in such general estimation, that the Legislature has thought proper to render theprivilegeofkeeping thema matter of pecuniary contribution to the support of government, and the exigencies of the state; under which increased and accumulated act, they are become very efficient objects of taxation, as will be readily conceived by the annexed abstract.
"Persons keepingoneDOG, not passing under the denomination ofGREYHOUND,HOUND,POINTER,SETTING DOG,SPANIEL,LURCHER, orTERRIER, to pay the annual sum of six shillings."
"Any person keepingoneormoredogs, of either of the above description, is to pay ten shillings foreveryDOGup to any number ofDOGSso kept."
"Persons may compound for theirHOUNDSatTHIRTY POUNDSperannum."
Dogs, from their general utility, and the estimation they are invariably held in by their owners, have been thought worthy anACTofPARLIAMENTformed solely for their protection; rendering them of proportional value with any other kind of property, and equally entitled to legal preservation. By this statute it is enacted, "If any person shall steal anydog, ordogs, of any kind or sort whatsoever, from the owner thereof, or from any person entrusted by the owner thereof with such dog or dogs; or shall sell, buy, receive, harbour, detain, or keep any dogs of any kind or sort whatsoever, knowing the same to have beenstolenas aforesaid; every such person being convicted thereof upon the oath of one credible witness, before twoJustices of the Peace, shall for the first offence forfeit and pay any sum not exceeding 30l. nor less than 20l. and the charges of conviction."
And "in case such penalty shall not be forthwith paid, the offender to be committed to gaol for any time not exceedingtwelvemonths, nor less thansix, or until the penalty and charges are paid. Any person guilty of a subsequent offence, to forfeit and pay any sum not exceeding 50l. nor less than 30l. together with the charges; which penalties to be paid, one moiety thereof to the informer, and the other to the poor of the parish. On non-payment, the offender to be imprisoned for any time not exceeding eighteen months, nor less than twelve, or until the penalty and charges shall be paid, and be publicly whipped. Justices may grant warrants to search for dogs stolen; and in case any such dog or dogs, or their skins, shall, upon such search, be found, to take and restore every such dog or skin to the owner; and the persons in whose custody any such dog or skin shall be found, are liable to the like penalties and punishments. Persons aggrieved may appeal to the quarter-sessions, and the determination there to be final."
DOCKING.—The amputation of the tail is so called, from that part of the tail left to the body being called theDOCK. It is a very short and simple operation, attended with no danger, and may with yearlings be performed even with a common knife. A very slight cauterization with a hot-iron, and a little powdered rosin, immediately stops thebleeding, and a cure takes place in a few days. It was formerly a custom to dock horsescloseto the quarters, under the erroneous and ridiculous impression of making the horse strong in the spine: such idea and practice are, however, in the present more enlightened age, entirely relinquished.
.—The amputation of the tail is so called, from that part of the tail left to the body being called theDOCK. It is a very short and simple operation, attended with no danger, and may with yearlings be performed even with a common knife. A very slight cauterization with a hot-iron, and a little powdered rosin, immediately stops thebleeding, and a cure takes place in a few days. It was formerly a custom to dock horsescloseto the quarters, under the erroneous and ridiculous impression of making the horse strong in the spine: such idea and practice are, however, in the present more enlightened age, entirely relinquished.
DOUBLE—a term inHARE HUNTING. The hare is said to double, when, being considerably ahead of the hounds, she throws herself to the right or left, and returns in a parallel line to the track she went before; getting into which, she is said torun the foil. If during the chase the lays down, she is then saidto quat.
—a term inHARE HUNTING. The hare is said to double, when, being considerably ahead of the hounds, she throws herself to the right or left, and returns in a parallel line to the track she went before; getting into which, she is said torun the foil. If during the chase the lays down, she is then saidto quat.
DRAG—is a sporting term inHUNTING, and used exactly in the same sense withTHE FOX, astrailis withTHE HARE. Upon throwingTHE HOUNDSintocovert, todrawfor aFOX, any single houndgiving tongue, is said toCHALLENGE, and to have hit upondrag; that is, to have come upon thefootorscentof the fox, where he had been in the night or early part of the morning, before he retired to secrete himself for the day. When it was the custom to be at the covert side so soon as there was day-light sufficient toRIDEup to theHOUNDS, drag wasspeedilyobtained; and in many instances aGOOD DRAGproved better than abad chase; but in the present fashion of going to covert, and throwing off atmid-day, drag is but very littleknown, and but of trifling use if found; for theSCENTmust, from the great length of time, have so generallydied away, and so partially remained, that no expectation can be entertained ofTHE HOUNDScarrying it up toTHE GAME.
—is a sporting term inHUNTING, and used exactly in the same sense withTHE FOX, astrailis withTHE HARE. Upon throwingTHE HOUNDSintocovert, todrawfor aFOX, any single houndgiving tongue, is said toCHALLENGE, and to have hit upondrag; that is, to have come upon thefootorscentof the fox, where he had been in the night or early part of the morning, before he retired to secrete himself for the day. When it was the custom to be at the covert side so soon as there was day-light sufficient toRIDEup to theHOUNDS, drag wasspeedilyobtained; and in many instances aGOOD DRAGproved better than abad chase; but in the present fashion of going to covert, and throwing off atmid-day, drag is but very littleknown, and but of trifling use if found; for theSCENTmust, from the great length of time, have so generallydied away, and so partially remained, that no expectation can be entertained ofTHE HOUNDScarrying it up toTHE GAME.
DRAG-NET—is the particularNETin use with those nocturnal depredators who exert their utmost endeavours to devastate every water in the neighbourhood where they reside. It is of sufficient length to extend from one side of any moderatepond,moat, orriver, to the other; and having the bottom plentifully loaded with leads at equal distances, with the addition of assistants at each end to bring the two together, encloses of course all the fish within its draught.
—is the particularNETin use with those nocturnal depredators who exert their utmost endeavours to devastate every water in the neighbourhood where they reside. It is of sufficient length to extend from one side of any moderatepond,moat, orriver, to the other; and having the bottom plentifully loaded with leads at equal distances, with the addition of assistants at each end to bring the two together, encloses of course all the fish within its draught.
DRAUGHT or Draft Horses—are of two kinds; the one adapted to the light carriages and splendid trappings of the great; the other to the purposes of agriculture, and the commercial transactions of the Metropolis, where their numbers, their strength, and powerful execution, exceed every idea of the most fertile imagination. SeeCart Horses.
—are of two kinds; the one adapted to the light carriages and splendid trappings of the great; the other to the purposes of agriculture, and the commercial transactions of the Metropolis, where their numbers, their strength, and powerful execution, exceed every idea of the most fertile imagination. SeeCart Horses.
DRAWING—is a term used inFOXandSTAG HUNTING, whendrawing a covertto find either of the former, or an outlying deer; it being customary to say, "wedrawforA FOX;" "wetryforA HARE."
—is a term used inFOXandSTAG HUNTING, whendrawing a covertto find either of the former, or an outlying deer; it being customary to say, "wedrawforA FOX;" "wetryforA HARE."
DRAW-NET—is used for taking birds of different kinds, but more particularly applied to the net made use of with theSETTING DOGfor takingPARTRIDGES, by which mode the wholeCOVEYare frequently secured. The old birds are liberated, and the young destined to the table. This is, however, considered sodestructiveandunfaira practice, that it is continued but by very few, and those principally consist ofRUSTIC TYRANTS, orrigid Cynics, who wish to monopolize not only theSPORTand theGAME, but all the good things of this life.
—is used for taking birds of different kinds, but more particularly applied to the net made use of with theSETTING DOGfor takingPARTRIDGES, by which mode the wholeCOVEYare frequently secured. The old birds are liberated, and the young destined to the table. This is, however, considered sodestructiveandunfaira practice, that it is continued but by very few, and those principally consist ofRUSTIC TYRANTS, orrigid Cynics, who wish to monopolize not only theSPORTand theGAME, but all the good things of this life.
DRAY.—A squirrel's deposit for its young is so called; it is built in the triangular branches of a tree, and resembles the nest of a magpye.
.—A squirrel's deposit for its young is so called; it is built in the triangular branches of a tree, and resembles the nest of a magpye.
DRENCH, or Drink,—any medical composition prepared in a liquid form, and given to horses or cattle for the cure of disease. A distinction is made between the two in general; it being the custom to say,DRINKfor aHORSE,drenchfor acow. They are given with a horn, sold by saddlers and collar-makers for that purpose.
,—any medical composition prepared in a liquid form, and given to horses or cattle for the cure of disease. A distinction is made between the two in general; it being the custom to say,DRINKfor aHORSE,drenchfor acow. They are given with a horn, sold by saddlers and collar-makers for that purpose.
DRIFT—is the act of drivingA COMMON. This ceremony takes placeonce,twice, orthrice, a year, (according to the custom of the place,) to insure and continue the privilege of theLord of the Manor, as well as to preserve the rights of theparishioners. The cattle upon theCOMMONSandWASTESbeing all driven to some particular spot, are there examined, and their owners ascertained: those belonging to parishioners (or such as haveright of common) are immediately liberated, and return to their oldlair: others, the property ofALIENS, are impounded, and the owner isfinedsuch reasonable sum as may be thought equitable by theBAILIFFof theMANOR. No owner being found, the object (whatever it be) is called anestray, which being cried three times in the nearest market-towns, and not claimed within twelve months and a day, it then becomes the property of theLORDof theMANOR.
—is the act of drivingA COMMON. This ceremony takes placeonce,twice, orthrice, a year, (according to the custom of the place,) to insure and continue the privilege of theLord of the Manor, as well as to preserve the rights of theparishioners. The cattle upon theCOMMONSandWASTESbeing all driven to some particular spot, are there examined, and their owners ascertained: those belonging to parishioners (or such as haveright of common) are immediately liberated, and return to their oldlair: others, the property ofALIENS, are impounded, and the owner isfinedsuch reasonable sum as may be thought equitable by theBAILIFFof theMANOR. No owner being found, the object (whatever it be) is called anestray, which being cried three times in the nearest market-towns, and not claimed within twelve months and a day, it then becomes the property of theLORDof theMANOR.
DRIVER,—a name given to many famous horses, but of very different blood. The first was foaled in 1727, bred by theDuke of Ancaster, and got by the Wynn Arabian, of no great note.Mr. Beaver'sDriverwas foaled 1732, and got bySnakeout ofThwaites'sdun mare.Mr. Lamego'sDriver(commonly calledLittle Driver) was got byBeaver'sDriver; dam byChilders; grand-dam by theWalpoleBarb; was foaled in 1743; and for some years proved one of the best plate horses in the kingdom, having won upwards ofthirty fifties; but as a stallion never produced any winners.Lord Egremont'sDriver, foaled in 1783, was got byTrentham, dam (Coquette) by the Compton Barb, and proved a tolerable runner.
,—a name given to many famous horses, but of very different blood. The first was foaled in 1727, bred by theDuke of Ancaster, and got by the Wynn Arabian, of no great note.Mr. Beaver'sDriverwas foaled 1732, and got bySnakeout ofThwaites'sdun mare.Mr. Lamego'sDriver(commonly calledLittle Driver) was got byBeaver'sDriver; dam byChilders; grand-dam by theWalpoleBarb; was foaled in 1743; and for some years proved one of the best plate horses in the kingdom, having won upwards ofthirty fifties; but as a stallion never produced any winners.Lord Egremont'sDriver, foaled in 1783, was got byTrentham, dam (Coquette) by the Compton Barb, and proved a tolerable runner.
DROPSY of the Chest—is a disorder to which horses are subject; and many instances have occurred in the practice of the Author, where seven, eight, and in one case near ten gallons of water were found in theCAVITYof theCHEST, upon opening the body after death. This accumulation of fluid being completely extravasated, no hope of cure can be entertained, as the preternatural collection can neither be taken up by absorption, or carried off by evacuation. There seems to be only one predominant trait, or distinguishing symptom, by which this disorder can be even tolerably ascertained, and that is solely by theACTIONof thehorse. In either walk, trot, or gallop, (and the more as his pace is increased in each,) the fore legs seemingly spread from each other, as if they were internally distended by painful pressure, similar to division by forcible expansion, not at all unlike the means used by butchers in the stick pointed at each end to extend the limbs of carcases when displayed for sale. The legs in a trot constitute apainful hobble; and in aGALLOPthe subject cannot get his legs before him, but appears at every motion likely to pitch upon his head. All this gives every reason to believe the defect, when first discovered, is frequently thought a lameness in the shoulder, and the patient presently deemed a chest-foundered horse. If a horse having aDROPSYin theCHEST, and the collection of water (from the duration of disease) is large, much information may be derived respectingthe certainty, by the following experiment. Lead, or let him be rode up a gentleascent, and he will be observed to move with but very little pain or impediment: the moment he is turned round, anddescends, the weight of the water in the chest coming forward, and being pressed upon by the contents of the abdomen, in the action of goingdown hill, instantly produces so much pain, and such difficulty of proceeding, that with judicious practitioners, or nice observers, no great hesitation can arise in pronouncing the probableCERTAINTYof thisdisease.
—is a disorder to which horses are subject; and many instances have occurred in the practice of the Author, where seven, eight, and in one case near ten gallons of water were found in theCAVITYof theCHEST, upon opening the body after death. This accumulation of fluid being completely extravasated, no hope of cure can be entertained, as the preternatural collection can neither be taken up by absorption, or carried off by evacuation. There seems to be only one predominant trait, or distinguishing symptom, by which this disorder can be even tolerably ascertained, and that is solely by theACTIONof thehorse. In either walk, trot, or gallop, (and the more as his pace is increased in each,) the fore legs seemingly spread from each other, as if they were internally distended by painful pressure, similar to division by forcible expansion, not at all unlike the means used by butchers in the stick pointed at each end to extend the limbs of carcases when displayed for sale. The legs in a trot constitute apainful hobble; and in aGALLOPthe subject cannot get his legs before him, but appears at every motion likely to pitch upon his head. All this gives every reason to believe the defect, when first discovered, is frequently thought a lameness in the shoulder, and the patient presently deemed a chest-foundered horse. If a horse having aDROPSYin theCHEST, and the collection of water (from the duration of disease) is large, much information may be derived respectingthe certainty, by the following experiment. Lead, or let him be rode up a gentleascent, and he will be observed to move with but very little pain or impediment: the moment he is turned round, anddescends, the weight of the water in the chest coming forward, and being pressed upon by the contents of the abdomen, in the action of goingdown hill, instantly produces so much pain, and such difficulty of proceeding, that with judicious practitioners, or nice observers, no great hesitation can arise in pronouncing the probableCERTAINTYof thisdisease.
DRUGS.—The parts of theMATERIA MEDICAare so called in their individual state, previous to their incorporation with each other, when they then becomeCHEMICALSorGALENICALS, according to the different processes they have undergone; and the most eminent commercial houses in that way, announce themselves dealers in "Chemicals, Galenicals, and Drugs." There is nothing requires more the scrutinizing eye of theSPORTSMAN, or the judicious exertion of theVETERINARIAN, than theselectionofMEDICINES; upon the pure and unadulterated properties of which, he has alone to depend for the foundation of all his hopes, the gratification of all his wishes, and the support of all his professional reputation.
.—The parts of theMATERIA MEDICAare so called in their individual state, previous to their incorporation with each other, when they then becomeCHEMICALSorGALENICALS, according to the different processes they have undergone; and the most eminent commercial houses in that way, announce themselves dealers in "Chemicals, Galenicals, and Drugs." There is nothing requires more the scrutinizing eye of theSPORTSMAN, or the judicious exertion of theVETERINARIAN, than theselectionofMEDICINES; upon the pure and unadulterated properties of which, he has alone to depend for the foundation of all his hopes, the gratification of all his wishes, and the support of all his professional reputation.
It is a matter too universally known to require much information, thatDRUGSof different kinds(or qualities) are sold under thesamedenomination atvariousprices; by which the prudent and the experienced may easily judge of the gradational shades ofADULTERATIONby which thosepricesare reduced. The lower class ofFARRIERS, particularly in the country, are remarkable for purchasing thecheapestarticles they can obtain, and have of course the regular channels through which they are supplied. The paltry articles sold forLIQUORICE POWDER,DIAPENTE,FŒNUGREC,ANISEED POWDER, andTURMERIC, are mostly a compound offlour,bean meal,oatmeal, and various kinds ofrubbish, slightly impregnated with a small proportion of the genuine drug or medicine it is intended to represent. SeeAdulteration.
TheDRUGSandMEDICINESindispensibly necessary for the professional embarkation of theVETERINARIAN, are as follow; and without the entire possession of which, it will be impossible to do justice to the good opinion of his employers, or to the reputation he may be anxious to obtain.
Aloes Succotrine and Barbadoes.Assafœtida.Diaphoretic Antimony.Crude Antimony Levigated.Butter of Antimony.Barbadoes Tar.Alum, Plain and Burnt.Aniseeds, Whole and in Powder.Balsam of Sulphur.Bay Berries.Bole Armeniac.Burgundy Pitch.Cream of Tartar.Calomel.Cammomile Flowers.Camphor.Camphorated Spirits of Wine.Carraway Seeds.Corrosive Mercury.Elecampane.Emetic Tartar.Euphorbium.Ægyptiacum.Fœnugrec Seeds.Frankinsence.Friars Balsam.Ginger.Gum Arabic.Guaiacum.Gum Ammoniacum.Honey.Jalap in Powder.Juniper Berries.Long Pepper.Liquorice Powder and Juice.Linseed and Linseed Powder.Mustard Seeds.Myrrh Gum and Tincture.Nitre and Spirits of Nitre.Oil of Aniseed.Oil of Castor.Oil of Turpentine.Oil of Vitriol.Oil of Amber.Opium.Peruvian Bark.Red Precipitate.Quicksilver.Saffron.Sulphur.Saltpetre.Sal Armoniac.Sugar of Lead.Salt of Tartar.Spermacæti.Syrup of Buckthorn.Snake Root.Tutty and Turmeric.Philonium.Venice Treacle.Turpentine.Roman Vitriol.White Vitriol.Verdigrease.
To which may be added ointments detergent, digestive, and healing; lint, tow, syringes, pipes, bladders, &c. to meet all emergencies. Nothing so much betrays a want of medical knowledge and consistency, as the habitual indolence of being without the necessary apparatus, when suddenly called upon in cases ofALARMandDANGER. Judicious practitioners never fall into the slovenly mode of substitutingonemedicine foranother, unless difficulties or distance prevent the possibility of their being obtained.
Many of the foregoing articles will also be found useful in the possession of gentlemen resident in remote parts of the country, or at a distance fromtowns; particularly as the practice of theVILLAGE SMITHorFARRIERmay be too confined and unprofitable to admit of his keeping up a stock adapted to a more extensive concern.Sportsmenwho are anxious for the uniform consistency of stable discipline, and the preservation of their studs in good condition, stand not in need of advice upon a subject become so universal; as very few sporting establishments are now to be seen, but what have their collection of medicines ready prepared for any unexpected emergency.
DUBBING.—Taking off theCOMBandGILLSfrom a game chick, before he is turned to a master-walk, is so called. The operation is performed with a penknife for thecomb, and scissars for thegills; after which wash the parts with vinegar, or weak salt and water, which terminates the whole.
.—Taking off theCOMBandGILLSfrom a game chick, before he is turned to a master-walk, is so called. The operation is performed with a penknife for thecomb, and scissars for thegills; after which wash the parts with vinegar, or weak salt and water, which terminates the whole.
DULNESS—in a horse of any tolerable spirit, may be considered aninfalliblesign of present disquietude, or approachingDISEASE. In all cases, accurate investigation, and early relief, are much to be commended: even aslight coldattended to at itscommencement, may be prevented from speedily producing anINFLAMMATIONof theLUNGS,FEVER, or many other disorders of equal anxiety, trouble, and expence.
—in a horse of any tolerable spirit, may be considered aninfalliblesign of present disquietude, or approachingDISEASE. In all cases, accurate investigation, and early relief, are much to be commended: even aslight coldattended to at itscommencement, may be prevented from speedily producing anINFLAMMATIONof theLUNGS,FEVER, or many other disorders of equal anxiety, trouble, and expence.
DUNG.—The excrement of the horse is socalled, and should be occasionally attended to, as its appearance will sometimes tend to the prevention of disease. If the dung is bright in colour, the globules uniform in shape and consistence, and notfœtidineffluvia, the body may be considered in good state: on the contrary, if the dung, when voided, is hard, black, and offensive, or the parts adhere to each other by a viscid ropy slime, they are equal prognostics of internal heat, foulness, and impending disquietude. Horses in this state should be put under a course of physic without delay; for till they are thoroughly cleansed, they cannot with propriety be brought into any strong exertions whatever. Another advantage is frequently derived from an accurate inspection of the dung, whereWORMSare sometimes seen in great plenty, although, from the general appearance of the horse, no such circumstance may have been expected.
.—The excrement of the horse is socalled, and should be occasionally attended to, as its appearance will sometimes tend to the prevention of disease. If the dung is bright in colour, the globules uniform in shape and consistence, and notfœtidineffluvia, the body may be considered in good state: on the contrary, if the dung, when voided, is hard, black, and offensive, or the parts adhere to each other by a viscid ropy slime, they are equal prognostics of internal heat, foulness, and impending disquietude. Horses in this state should be put under a course of physic without delay; for till they are thoroughly cleansed, they cannot with propriety be brought into any strong exertions whatever. Another advantage is frequently derived from an accurate inspection of the dung, whereWORMSare sometimes seen in great plenty, although, from the general appearance of the horse, no such circumstance may have been expected.
DUNGANNON,—the name of a horse of much celebrity, his winnings being equal to any racer of his day. He was bred byCol. O'Kelly, and foaled in 1780. He was got byEclipse; dam (Aspasia) byHerod; her dam (Doris) byBlank; grand-dam (Helen) bySpectator, &c. &c. After beating every horse of eminence, particularly the famous horseRockinghamoverNewmarket, he was taken out of training, and as a stallion produced annually some of the speediest and best bottomedhorses in the kingdom. He covered first at twenty guineas, then at fifteen, and lastly at twelve. He was sire ofSybil,Cinderella,Equity,Lurcher,Harriet,Northland,Bandalore,Clementina,Fancy,Griffin,Hambleton,Hop-picker,Minimus,Parrot,Bedford,Pastor,Billy,Edgar,George,Little Devil,Totterella,Totteridge,Cannons,Dispute,Inferior,Outcast,Pensioner,Bragger,Oatlands,Boaster,Omen,Ploro, andMiss Totteridge; allWINNERS; exclusive of many others, bothcoltsandfillies, who ran and won without a name.
,—the name of a horse of much celebrity, his winnings being equal to any racer of his day. He was bred byCol. O'Kelly, and foaled in 1780. He was got byEclipse; dam (Aspasia) byHerod; her dam (Doris) byBlank; grand-dam (Helen) bySpectator, &c. &c. After beating every horse of eminence, particularly the famous horseRockinghamoverNewmarket, he was taken out of training, and as a stallion produced annually some of the speediest and best bottomedhorses in the kingdom. He covered first at twenty guineas, then at fifteen, and lastly at twelve. He was sire ofSybil,Cinderella,Equity,Lurcher,Harriet,Northland,Bandalore,Clementina,Fancy,Griffin,Hambleton,Hop-picker,Minimus,Parrot,Bedford,Pastor,Billy,Edgar,George,Little Devil,Totterella,Totteridge,Cannons,Dispute,Inferior,Outcast,Pensioner,Bragger,Oatlands,Boaster,Omen,Ploro, andMiss Totteridge; allWINNERS; exclusive of many others, bothcoltsandfillies, who ran and won without a name.
EARS.—As the ears constitute much of the beauty of a horse, according as they arewellorillshaped, so from their situation, they are sure to become early objects of observation. If they are small, soft, and fine, curving inward in a small degree at the point, perfectly erect, and spirited in action, they give the animal a very noble, majestic, and commanding aspect: on the contrary, when a horse points his ears forwards, he bears the appearance of looking eternally formischief, and always preparing tostartat every object he meets, which is no very pleasant sensation to the rider. Horses of this description are seldom remarkable for thesafetyof theireyes; a purchaser cannot be too circumspectin his examination before he makes him an acquisition. Horses having coarse, long, foul ears, set on too low, and hanging down on the sides, are calledmuleorlop earedhorses; and if of good form in other respects, and of some value, they are in general cropped to improve their appearance. The greater part of the racing stock of oldHerod, one of the best stallions ever bred in England, werefoul,long, andwidein their ears, which is to be seen in almost the whole of their progeny.
.—As the ears constitute much of the beauty of a horse, according as they arewellorillshaped, so from their situation, they are sure to become early objects of observation. If they are small, soft, and fine, curving inward in a small degree at the point, perfectly erect, and spirited in action, they give the animal a very noble, majestic, and commanding aspect: on the contrary, when a horse points his ears forwards, he bears the appearance of looking eternally formischief, and always preparing tostartat every object he meets, which is no very pleasant sensation to the rider. Horses of this description are seldom remarkable for thesafetyof theireyes; a purchaser cannot be too circumspectin his examination before he makes him an acquisition. Horses having coarse, long, foul ears, set on too low, and hanging down on the sides, are calledmuleorlop earedhorses; and if of good form in other respects, and of some value, they are in general cropped to improve their appearance. The greater part of the racing stock of oldHerod, one of the best stallions ever bred in England, werefoul,long, andwidein their ears, which is to be seen in almost the whole of their progeny.
Painin the ear of a horse is discoverable immediately by its flaccidity, and painful deprivation of erection. The ear lays nearly flat either one way or another; the horse is almost every minute giving violent shakes of his head, which he as constantly leaves hanging down on the side affected; from which circumstances alone the seat of pain may with certainty be ascertained. Pains in the ear may arise from various causes, as colds, blows, the insinuation of, or sting from,forest flies,bees,wasps, orhornets. If the first is known to be the cause, the stimulus excited by mildly rubbing the inside with the half of a newly divided onion, will soon relieve the pain. If from a blow, rubbing the ear inside and out with two table-spoons full of camphorated spirits, mixed with two tea-spoons full of extract of saturn, will relieve. If from a sting, a plentiful impregnation of fine olive oil, to give theskin the power of expansion, will be right in the moment of increasing inflammation; after which, the swelling may be allayed with common white wine vinegar, verjuice, or strong vegeto mineral water.
TrimmingtheEARSon the inside is a very common practice, and adds considerably to the neatness and cleanliness of the head and appearance; but care should be taken never to let it be done during rainy weather, sharp and severe winds, or in the winter season; dreadful colds, as well as dangerous diseases, have often been produced by these means, without knowing from what cause the ill effect has been derived. The operation of trimming should be performed in warm, open, mild weather, and withSCISSARSin preference to theflameof acandle; which, with the additional use of thetwitch, only serves to put the poor animal to a double degree of unnecessary misery. After the ears are trimmed, they may be rubbed over the inside with a small quantity of fresh butter, or a piece of fine linen impregnated with olive oil, both of which are excellent preventives to cold after the operation.
ECLIPSE—the name of the most famous horse (sinceFlying Childers) ever produced or trained in this or any other country. He was bred in Windsor Great Park by theCulloden(or Great)Duke ofCumberland, being foaled during the celebrated eclipse in the year 1764, from which his name was taken. He was got byOld Marske, dam (Spilletta) byRegulus; her dam (Mother Western) bySmith'sson ofSnake; grand-dam byLord D'Arcy'sOld Montague, &c. &c. Upon the decease of his Royal Highness, the stud were sold by auction at the Park Lodge; whereEclipse(then a yearling) was purchased byMr. Wildmanfor 46 guineas, and afterwards sold toColonel O'Kelly(his last and only possessor) for 1700 guineas. In 1769, when five years old, he won two 50's at Epsom; 50 atAscot Heath; the King's 100 guineas, and 50, atWinchester; the 100 guineas, the bowl, and 30 guineas, atSalisbury; and the King's 100 guineas atCanterbury,Lewes, andLitchfield.
—the name of the most famous horse (sinceFlying Childers) ever produced or trained in this or any other country. He was bred in Windsor Great Park by theCulloden(or Great)Duke ofCumberland, being foaled during the celebrated eclipse in the year 1764, from which his name was taken. He was got byOld Marske, dam (Spilletta) byRegulus; her dam (Mother Western) bySmith'sson ofSnake; grand-dam byLord D'Arcy'sOld Montague, &c. &c. Upon the decease of his Royal Highness, the stud were sold by auction at the Park Lodge; whereEclipse(then a yearling) was purchased byMr. Wildmanfor 46 guineas, and afterwards sold toColonel O'Kelly(his last and only possessor) for 1700 guineas. In 1769, when five years old, he won two 50's at Epsom; 50 atAscot Heath; the King's 100 guineas, and 50, atWinchester; the 100 guineas, the bowl, and 30 guineas, atSalisbury; and the King's 100 guineas atCanterbury,Lewes, andLitchfield.
In 1770 he received forfeit 600 guineas, and won the King's 100 guineas atNewmarket; the King's 100 guineas atGuildford; the same atNottingham; the same and 319 atYork; the King's 100 guineas atLincoln; 150 guineas, and the King's 100 guineasagainatNewmarket, where orders having been privately given by his owner, "to go off atscore, and run the whole four miles forspeed," he double distanced his opponents, and was then taken out of training for want of a competitor. From this time he continued as a stallion at Epsom, in Surry, and afterwards at Cannons, the seat of Colonel O'Kelly, in Middlesex, where he diedon the 27th of February, 1789, in the 26th year of his age; leaving a progeny of winners and stallions who are transmitting his blood to posterity in directions too numerous to be obliterated to the end of time.
He was sire ofFiretail,Soldier,Corporal,Serjeant,Don Quixote,King Fergus,Nina,Charlemont,Competitor,Gunpowder,Hidalgo,King Hermon,Meteor,Pegasus,Scota,Serpent,Squeak,Stripling,Devi Sing,Eliza,Poor Soldier,Big Ben,Spitfire,Fair Barbara,Adonis,Mercury,Lily of the Valley,Volunteer,Bonnyface,Jupiter,Venus,Antiochus,Dungannon,Maria,Henley,Soujah ul Dowlah,Grimalkin,Dian,Thunderbolt,Lightning,Spinner,Horizon,Miss Hervey,Plutus,Pluto, andComet; exclusive of a great number of winners, for the list and particulars of which, reference may be made toWeatherby's "Stud Book,"and"Racing Calendar."
EARTH.—A fox beating his pursuers when hunted, and taking refugeunder ground, is then said to haveearthed, or gone to earth. Some of these earths are situate in old chalk pits, forming such different channels and ramifications amidst the roots of trees in woods and coppices, that it is impossible to dig them out; but where there is the least probability of success, it is never relinquished; upon the established and well-founded principle, that thehounds are alwaysentitled to bloodafter aGOOD CHASE. A wanton and unnecessary destruction is, however, at no time to be justified, particularly in a countrythinoffoxes; such unthinking devastation is frequently productive of ablankday at the end of a season.
.—A fox beating his pursuers when hunted, and taking refugeunder ground, is then said to haveearthed, or gone to earth. Some of these earths are situate in old chalk pits, forming such different channels and ramifications amidst the roots of trees in woods and coppices, that it is impossible to dig them out; but where there is the least probability of success, it is never relinquished; upon the established and well-founded principle, that thehounds are alwaysentitled to bloodafter aGOOD CHASE. A wanton and unnecessary destruction is, however, at no time to be justified, particularly in a countrythinoffoxes; such unthinking devastation is frequently productive of ablankday at the end of a season.
EARTH-STOPPER—is an indispensible part of aFOX-HUNTINGestablishment, whose business is principally performed by night. His department is to visit and stop the strongest earths in the district intended to be hunted on the following day. This is usually effected between the hours of ten at night and four in the morning, by means ofbushes,brambles,earth, &c. to furnish which, he is provided with a hand-bill, spade, candle and lanthorn, a hardy rough poney, terriers, and of coursea pocket pistol, to recruit the spirits amidst the dreary scenes it is become his occupation to explore. It is also his business tore-opentheEARTHSafter the sport of the day, that theFOXESmay not fall victims to other modes of destruction.
—is an indispensible part of aFOX-HUNTINGestablishment, whose business is principally performed by night. His department is to visit and stop the strongest earths in the district intended to be hunted on the following day. This is usually effected between the hours of ten at night and four in the morning, by means ofbushes,brambles,earth, &c. to furnish which, he is provided with a hand-bill, spade, candle and lanthorn, a hardy rough poney, terriers, and of coursea pocket pistol, to recruit the spirits amidst the dreary scenes it is become his occupation to explore. It is also his business tore-opentheEARTHSafter the sport of the day, that theFOXESmay not fall victims to other modes of destruction.
ELDER—is a tree common in most hedges in the country, bearing a fruit calledELDER-BERRIES, from which people make a very good wine. It is, however, only mentioned here to remind the reader, that theflowersare a very excellent ingredient in fomentations, and sporting gentlemen should never be without them: they should be gathered inthe heighth of the bloom, properly dried, and preserved for use.
—is a tree common in most hedges in the country, bearing a fruit calledELDER-BERRIES, from which people make a very good wine. It is, however, only mentioned here to remind the reader, that theflowersare a very excellent ingredient in fomentations, and sporting gentlemen should never be without them: they should be gathered inthe heighth of the bloom, properly dried, and preserved for use.
ELECAMPANE,—a root formerly in much estimation for its efficacy in coughs and disorders of the breast and lungs; hence the reputation it has attained in pectoral compositions for the use of horses. The great difficulty, however, of procuring any thing like thegenuine rootinpowderfrom the medical retail shops, must ever prevent any great gratification of expectation, to those who rely too much upon the properties it is said to retain.
,—a root formerly in much estimation for its efficacy in coughs and disorders of the breast and lungs; hence the reputation it has attained in pectoral compositions for the use of horses. The great difficulty, however, of procuring any thing like thegenuine rootinpowderfrom the medical retail shops, must ever prevent any great gratification of expectation, to those who rely too much upon the properties it is said to retain.
EMBROCATION;—a name given toSPIRITUOUS,VOLATILE, orSATURNINEapplications in a liquid form; either ascorroborants,stimulants,repellents, &c. and in most cases they are doubly efficacious, if their use is preceded by sponges dipt in a hot decoction, prepared from those garden aromatics called "FOMENTATION HERBS."
;—a name given toSPIRITUOUS,VOLATILE, orSATURNINEapplications in a liquid form; either ascorroborants,stimulants,repellents, &c. and in most cases they are doubly efficacious, if their use is preceded by sponges dipt in a hot decoction, prepared from those garden aromatics called "FOMENTATION HERBS."
EMOLLIENTS—are such external applications as mollify the surface, and alleviate any stricture upon the surrounding parts: they supple the solids, as well as sheath and soften any asperity of the fluids.Fomentationsare of this class, and prove of the greatest utility in all tumefactions, enlargements, and many lamenesses ofHORSES, with those practitioners who have judgment and patienceto bring them perseveringly into use. From the relaxing property of emollient topics, and their sheathing of acrimony, it is that they are good sedative applications, when pain from tension or irritation is excited: from nervous sympathy, their efficacy is conveyed to distant and deep-seated parts, and thus it is that the warm bath proves in most cases so powerful a sedative.Emollients, whether in the use offomentations, or the application ofpoultices, by relaxing the fibres, and increasing the congestion of fluids, greatly promote suppuration, to effect which in all inflammatory tumours, they should be immediately brought into use.
—are such external applications as mollify the surface, and alleviate any stricture upon the surrounding parts: they supple the solids, as well as sheath and soften any asperity of the fluids.Fomentationsare of this class, and prove of the greatest utility in all tumefactions, enlargements, and many lamenesses ofHORSES, with those practitioners who have judgment and patienceto bring them perseveringly into use. From the relaxing property of emollient topics, and their sheathing of acrimony, it is that they are good sedative applications, when pain from tension or irritation is excited: from nervous sympathy, their efficacy is conveyed to distant and deep-seated parts, and thus it is that the warm bath proves in most cases so powerful a sedative.Emollients, whether in the use offomentations, or the application ofpoultices, by relaxing the fibres, and increasing the congestion of fluids, greatly promote suppuration, to effect which in all inflammatory tumours, they should be immediately brought into use.
ENTRANCE of HORSES—is the ceremony of entering horses (at the particular places appointed) on a certain day previous to the races at any city, borough, or town, where the plates to be run for are given and advertised. Horses intended to run, are "to beSHEWNandENTERED," payingtwoorthreeguineas "entrance money," (according to the custom of the place,) and in generalfive shillingsto theCLERKofTHE COURSE. For all plates given byHis Majesty, or his R. H. the P. ofWales, no other entrance money is permitted, or paid, but the before-mentioned fee to the clerk of the course.
—is the ceremony of entering horses (at the particular places appointed) on a certain day previous to the races at any city, borough, or town, where the plates to be run for are given and advertised. Horses intended to run, are "to beSHEWNandENTERED," payingtwoorthreeguineas "entrance money," (according to the custom of the place,) and in generalfive shillingsto theCLERKofTHE COURSE. For all plates given byHis Majesty, or his R. H. the P. ofWales, no other entrance money is permitted, or paid, but the before-mentioned fee to the clerk of the course.
ENTRANCE of HOUNDS—is the introduction ofyoung houndsto thePACK; with whom, at aproper age, they are incorporated, for their initiation in the kind of chase to which they are then to become appropriate. This is a matter so truly professional, and so entirely dependent upon the judgment of theHUNTSMANand hisattendants, that neither instruction or entertainment can be derived from literary description.
—is the introduction ofyoung houndsto thePACK; with whom, at aproper age, they are incorporated, for their initiation in the kind of chase to which they are then to become appropriate. This is a matter so truly professional, and so entirely dependent upon the judgment of theHUNTSMANand hisattendants, that neither instruction or entertainment can be derived from literary description.
EPILEPSY,—a disorder in horses, bearing some similitude toAPOPLEXYandSTAGGERS; for which the same medical means are applied for relief.
,—a disorder in horses, bearing some similitude toAPOPLEXYandSTAGGERS; for which the same medical means are applied for relief.
EQUERRY—is an appointment of much honour in the home department ofHis Majesty, under the sole direction of theMASTERof theHORSE. There areFIVE EQUERRIESin this official situation, one of whom is called thefirst: of the other four, two are always in waiting to attend uponHis Majestyin every equestrian excursion, whether on theroad, to thefield, or in thechase, with whom His Majesty most graciously condescends to converse familiarly. His Royal Highness thePrinceofWales, theDukesofYork,Gloucester, and other branches of theRoyal Family, have likewise attendants of this description.
—is an appointment of much honour in the home department ofHis Majesty, under the sole direction of theMASTERof theHORSE. There areFIVE EQUERRIESin this official situation, one of whom is called thefirst: of the other four, two are always in waiting to attend uponHis Majestyin every equestrian excursion, whether on theroad, to thefield, or in thechase, with whom His Majesty most graciously condescends to converse familiarly. His Royal Highness thePrinceofWales, theDukesofYork,Gloucester, and other branches of theRoyal Family, have likewise attendants of this description.
EQUERRIES—apply equally to those in a more subordinate situation, who personally officiate in theSTABLESof theCrown, and to whom is entrusted thebreaking,managing, andpreparingsaddle-horses of every description for theKing'suse. Some of the out-riders who attend upon the family, pass also under the same denomination.
—apply equally to those in a more subordinate situation, who personally officiate in theSTABLESof theCrown, and to whom is entrusted thebreaking,managing, andpreparingsaddle-horses of every description for theKing'suse. Some of the out-riders who attend upon the family, pass also under the same denomination.
ESCAPE,—the name of a horse of great beauty, excellent symmetry, and much celebrity. He was bred byMr. Franco, and got byHighflyerout of aSquirrelmare; he was foaled in 1785; and in the First Spring Meeting atNewmarket, 1789, he beat thePrince of Wales'sCantoo Baboo, from the ditch-in, for 200 guineas. He was then purchased by his Royal Highness, and in the Second Spring Meeting he received forfeit fromAlexander, andClown, 100 guineas each. In the First October Meeting of the same year, he beatNimbleacross the flat 200 guineas. The Craven Meeting, 1790, he beatGrey Diomedover the Beacon 500 guineas; and won the great subscription purse atYork, beatingActæon, andGustavus. The Craven Meeting, 1791, he beatSkylark,Highlander,Glaucus,Halkin,Meteor, andBuffer, a subscription of 50 guineas each: two to one onSkylark. First October Meeting the same year, he beatGrey Diomedover the Beacon Course 8st. 7lb. each for 1000 guineas. Two days after, he beat him again for the renewed 140 guineas. In the second October Meeting he won a subscription purse (twelve subscribers) over the Beacon, beatingChanticleer,Skylark,Grey Diomed,Harpator, andAlderman, with the odds four and five to oneagainst him. When taken out of training, he covered at Highflyer Hall at ten guineas a mare, and half a guinea the groom.
,—the name of a horse of great beauty, excellent symmetry, and much celebrity. He was bred byMr. Franco, and got byHighflyerout of aSquirrelmare; he was foaled in 1785; and in the First Spring Meeting atNewmarket, 1789, he beat thePrince of Wales'sCantoo Baboo, from the ditch-in, for 200 guineas. He was then purchased by his Royal Highness, and in the Second Spring Meeting he received forfeit fromAlexander, andClown, 100 guineas each. In the First October Meeting of the same year, he beatNimbleacross the flat 200 guineas. The Craven Meeting, 1790, he beatGrey Diomedover the Beacon 500 guineas; and won the great subscription purse atYork, beatingActæon, andGustavus. The Craven Meeting, 1791, he beatSkylark,Highlander,Glaucus,Halkin,Meteor, andBuffer, a subscription of 50 guineas each: two to one onSkylark. First October Meeting the same year, he beatGrey Diomedover the Beacon Course 8st. 7lb. each for 1000 guineas. Two days after, he beat him again for the renewed 140 guineas. In the second October Meeting he won a subscription purse (twelve subscribers) over the Beacon, beatingChanticleer,Skylark,Grey Diomed,Harpator, andAlderman, with the odds four and five to oneagainst him. When taken out of training, he covered at Highflyer Hall at ten guineas a mare, and half a guinea the groom.
ESCHAR—is the prominence remaining upon the cicatrix of anill-curedwound, or the scab frequently seen to form a projecting apex upon a broken knee; or where some injury has been left to cure itself by an effort of nature, without the least interposition of art. If it is a scab only, and not of long standing, it may in general be brought away spontaneously, by occasional softenings with small quantities of camphorated spermacæti liniment; if, on the contrary, they are rigidly seated, and have acquired a degree of callosity in the nature of asitfast, there is no other mode of cure, but by extirpation with the knife and forceps.
—is the prominence remaining upon the cicatrix of anill-curedwound, or the scab frequently seen to form a projecting apex upon a broken knee; or where some injury has been left to cure itself by an effort of nature, without the least interposition of art. If it is a scab only, and not of long standing, it may in general be brought away spontaneously, by occasional softenings with small quantities of camphorated spermacæti liniment; if, on the contrary, they are rigidly seated, and have acquired a degree of callosity in the nature of asitfast, there is no other mode of cure, but by extirpation with the knife and forceps.
ESTRAY, or Stray,—appertain equally tohorse,mare,bull,ox,cow,sheep, or, in fact, any head of cattle, who having strayed from its own home, common, waste, or lair, into a strangeMANOR, orLORDSHIP, and there found without an owner, is then called anESTRAY, orstray: in which case it is an established custom, sanctioned byLAW, and founded inEQUITY, that suchstrayis proclaimed, and his or her marks described, by the common crier, in the three next nearest towns on the market-day; and if the stray is not claimed within a year and a day of the time on which it was publiclycried, and fully described, it then becomes the property of theLORDof theMANORwhere it was found. If the owner makes the claim within the time limited, he is liable to payreasonable chargesfor finding, keeping, proclaiming, &c. An estray must be kept without labour, uninjured, and properly fed, till reclaimed, or the time above mentioned is expired.
,—appertain equally tohorse,mare,bull,ox,cow,sheep, or, in fact, any head of cattle, who having strayed from its own home, common, waste, or lair, into a strangeMANOR, orLORDSHIP, and there found without an owner, is then called anESTRAY, orstray: in which case it is an established custom, sanctioned byLAW, and founded inEQUITY, that suchstrayis proclaimed, and his or her marks described, by the common crier, in the three next nearest towns on the market-day; and if the stray is not claimed within a year and a day of the time on which it was publiclycried, and fully described, it then becomes the property of theLORDof theMANORwhere it was found. If the owner makes the claim within the time limited, he is liable to payreasonable chargesfor finding, keeping, proclaiming, &c. An estray must be kept without labour, uninjured, and properly fed, till reclaimed, or the time above mentioned is expired.
EUPHORBIUM,—an article whose acrid and stimulative property renders it only applicable to one medical purpose, and that externally; it constitutes a principal ingredient in the preparation ofBLISTERING OINTMENTforHORSES, where its proportion, if managed properly, should be exactly equal with its corresponding articleCANTHARIDES, commonly calledSpanish flies.
,—an article whose acrid and stimulative property renders it only applicable to one medical purpose, and that externally; it constitutes a principal ingredient in the preparation ofBLISTERING OINTMENTforHORSES, where its proportion, if managed properly, should be exactly equal with its corresponding articleCANTHARIDES, commonly calledSpanish flies.
EVACUANTS—are such medicines as gently stimulate the intestines, and urinary passages, to a more speedy secretion and expulsion of their excrementitious contents. The term is applicable to bothPURGATIVESandDIURETICS; the effect of which is to remove plethora in horses, and to prevent the consequent viscidity of blood; which, when a horse is overloaded in his frame, and the solids too grossly distended, soon displays itself inswelled legs,cracked heels, cutaneousscurfy eruptions,grease,farcy, or someoneof the many ills frequently produced by an accumulation ofHUMOURSoriginating in a corrupt or vitiated state of the fluids, inconsiderately neglected, or probably never attended to. Those who will condescend to dedicate a little time occasionally to the palpable utility ofEVACUANTS, either as preventives, or the means of cure, (in a variety of cases,) will never stand in need of a monitor to promote their use.
—are such medicines as gently stimulate the intestines, and urinary passages, to a more speedy secretion and expulsion of their excrementitious contents. The term is applicable to bothPURGATIVESandDIURETICS; the effect of which is to remove plethora in horses, and to prevent the consequent viscidity of blood; which, when a horse is overloaded in his frame, and the solids too grossly distended, soon displays itself inswelled legs,cracked heels, cutaneousscurfy eruptions,grease,farcy, or someoneof the many ills frequently produced by an accumulation ofHUMOURSoriginating in a corrupt or vitiated state of the fluids, inconsiderately neglected, or probably never attended to. Those who will condescend to dedicate a little time occasionally to the palpable utility ofEVACUANTS, either as preventives, or the means of cure, (in a variety of cases,) will never stand in need of a monitor to promote their use.
EVACUATION—is that part of theANIMAL ŒCONOMY, without a regular preservation of which, the frame of man or beast cannot long continue free fromPAINorDISEASE. Next to thealimentnecessarily received for the support of life,EVACUATIONis the very effort ofNatureupon whichHEALTHmust principally depend. Little penetration is requisite to comprehend most perfectly a system so plain as to require but very concise explanation. Consistency should be observed, and attention should be paid, to what the frame receives byFOOD, and what it discharges by the differentevacuations; for if the body (within any given time) accumulates much more by unreasonable and unnecessary supplies, than theEFFORTSofNaturecan carry off by her different emunctories in theevacuationofexcrements, the foundation of disease follows of course. The fluids become thick and stagnant, the circulation languid, the solids preternaturally distended, and their elasticity partially destroyed; hence arises that infinite number of distortedVALETUDINARIANSwith whichthe streets of theMetropolisso plentifully abound, and by whom the constantly increasingMEDICAL SHOPSandMEDICINE WHAREHOUSESare principally supported.
—is that part of theANIMAL ŒCONOMY, without a regular preservation of which, the frame of man or beast cannot long continue free fromPAINorDISEASE. Next to thealimentnecessarily received for the support of life,EVACUATIONis the very effort ofNatureupon whichHEALTHmust principally depend. Little penetration is requisite to comprehend most perfectly a system so plain as to require but very concise explanation. Consistency should be observed, and attention should be paid, to what the frame receives byFOOD, and what it discharges by the differentevacuations; for if the body (within any given time) accumulates much more by unreasonable and unnecessary supplies, than theEFFORTSofNaturecan carry off by her different emunctories in theevacuationofexcrements, the foundation of disease follows of course. The fluids become thick and stagnant, the circulation languid, the solids preternaturally distended, and their elasticity partially destroyed; hence arises that infinite number of distortedVALETUDINARIANSwith whichthe streets of theMetropolisso plentifully abound, and by whom the constantly increasingMEDICAL SHOPSandMEDICINE WHAREHOUSESare principally supported.
By adverting to these considerations, it will immediately appear, that even a temporary suppression of the natural evacuations must, in the first instance, inevitably prove the basis ofpainordisquietude, and lastly ofDISEASE. In the human body, great attention should be paid todiurnalevacuation, if a wish to preserve health is at all entertained. Infinite are the miseries originally brought on, and for years continued, (to a lingering death,) by an inconsiderate neglect or indolence in respect to the due proportion to be observed betweenrepletionandevacuation.
This attention is not more necessary in the human frame, than it is with theHORSESof those who indulge the least desire to have their studs in high health and perfect condition. When a horse is observed to get above himself, or, in other words, to become loaded with flesh, too full in the carcase, round in the legs, thick in the wind, dull in the stable, and heavy in action,EVACUATIONcannot be too soon promoted as a preventive to impending disease.