POINT.—A horse standing in his stall, or elsewhere, with one fore-leg at some distance before the other, is always concluded, by the most experienced, to have sustained some irreparable injury either in theSHOULDER, or the ligamentary junction of theCOFFINandCORONARYbones, concealed in the box (or cavity) of the hoof. This is in a considerable degree to be relied on; but there are many instances in which a horse accustoms himself to awkward positions, and they become habitual: some stand with either thenearor theofffore-leg eternally before the other, and are as perfectly sound as any horses in the kingdom. To say, therefore, from a horse's manner of standing, that he is lame, would be as absurd as to say any man could not be either a good dancer, or fencer, becausehe stood, when disengaged from both, in a careless, lounging, ungraceful attitude.
.—A horse standing in his stall, or elsewhere, with one fore-leg at some distance before the other, is always concluded, by the most experienced, to have sustained some irreparable injury either in theSHOULDER, or the ligamentary junction of theCOFFINandCORONARYbones, concealed in the box (or cavity) of the hoof. This is in a considerable degree to be relied on; but there are many instances in which a horse accustoms himself to awkward positions, and they become habitual: some stand with either thenearor theofffore-leg eternally before the other, and are as perfectly sound as any horses in the kingdom. To say, therefore, from a horse's manner of standing, that he is lame, would be as absurd as to say any man could not be either a good dancer, or fencer, becausehe stood, when disengaged from both, in a careless, lounging, ungraceful attitude.
POINT—is the position of aPOINTER, when standing seemingly fixed and immoveable at the game before him; at the moment of observing which, particularly with young or unsteady dogs, the natural ejaculatory caution of "To ho!" "Have a care!" transpires; not more as an injunction ofsteadinessto the dog standing, but as a communicative mode of enjoining the attention of every dog in the field to the first who has obtained the point.
—is the position of aPOINTER, when standing seemingly fixed and immoveable at the game before him; at the moment of observing which, particularly with young or unsteady dogs, the natural ejaculatory caution of "To ho!" "Have a care!" transpires; not more as an injunction ofsteadinessto the dog standing, but as a communicative mode of enjoining the attention of every dog in the field to the first who has obtained the point.
POINTER.—The pointer is that species of dog well known to contribute more to the contemplative pleasures and pursuits of a sportsman, than any other in the canine catalogue. This peculiar breed, on account of their universality and general utility, have been so incredibly crossed, re-crossed, bredin, and bredout, to gratify the various opinions, (as prompted by fancy, caprice, or speculation,) that they are now to be found of all sizes, and all qualifications; from the slow, short-headed, heavy-shouldered remains of the original Spanish pointer, (who will tire in half a day's work,) to the cross ofinandinwith aFOX HOUND, of which none are ever known to tire; many of them having speed enough to catch a leveret three parts grown, when they jump up before them.Pointers, forty or fifty years since, were hardly ever seen but entirely white, or variegated with liver-coloured spots; except the thenDukeofKingston'sblack and white, which were considered superior to every breed in the kingdom, and sold for most extravagant sums after his death. They are now, from the constantly increasing attachment to field sports, to be seen of every description, from pure white, and a flea-bitten blue or grey, to a universal liver-colour, and a perfect black. In a choice of pointers for general use, that is foreveryspecies ofGAME, the extremes insize, as well as inspeed, are better avoided, and the line of mediocrity adhered to: overgrown, heavy dogs, soon get weary in the hot and early part of the season: the smaller sort have also their inconveniencies in hunting in very high turnips, heath, broom-fields, &c.
.—The pointer is that species of dog well known to contribute more to the contemplative pleasures and pursuits of a sportsman, than any other in the canine catalogue. This peculiar breed, on account of their universality and general utility, have been so incredibly crossed, re-crossed, bredin, and bredout, to gratify the various opinions, (as prompted by fancy, caprice, or speculation,) that they are now to be found of all sizes, and all qualifications; from the slow, short-headed, heavy-shouldered remains of the original Spanish pointer, (who will tire in half a day's work,) to the cross ofinandinwith aFOX HOUND, of which none are ever known to tire; many of them having speed enough to catch a leveret three parts grown, when they jump up before them.Pointers, forty or fifty years since, were hardly ever seen but entirely white, or variegated with liver-coloured spots; except the thenDukeofKingston'sblack and white, which were considered superior to every breed in the kingdom, and sold for most extravagant sums after his death. They are now, from the constantly increasing attachment to field sports, to be seen of every description, from pure white, and a flea-bitten blue or grey, to a universal liver-colour, and a perfect black. In a choice of pointers for general use, that is foreveryspecies ofGAME, the extremes insize, as well as inspeed, are better avoided, and the line of mediocrity adhered to: overgrown, heavy dogs, soon get weary in the hot and early part of the season: the smaller sort have also their inconveniencies in hunting in very high turnips, heath, broom-fields, &c.
As some advantages have been obtained by the various crosses, both in respect to speed, and the durability of fatigue, so something has been sacrificed on the score of patient forbearance, and olfactory sensibility; the gradational shades of one species introduced byeverychange having so diversified the original stock, that a much greater degree of trouble is requisite in breaking now than formerly, to bring aPOINTERofperfectioninto the field. The impatient volatility of some men probably prompted them to indulge a design of introducing abreed of pointers, with speed sufficient to outstrip the rapidity of their own imaginations, that they might enjoy the unprecedented and supreme felicity ofhuntingandshootingat the same time; hence, perhaps, arose the emulative struggle for a superiority ofspeedin addition toPOINT, which, it must be acknowledged, has at length reached the very summit of perfection.Pointersare never considered complete, unless they are perfectly staunch to "BIRD,DOG, andGUN;" which implies, first, standing singly to abirdor acovey; secondly, tobacking(or pointing instantaneouslylikewise) the moment he perceives another dog toSTAND; and lastly, not tostirfrom hispoint, upon the firing of any gun in company, provided theGAMEis neithersprungorstartedat whichhemadehisoriginal point.
The art of breaking pointers for the field, was, twenty or thirty years since, looked upon as a very mysterious and difficult piece of business; many (called dog-breakers) deriving a subsistence from the employment: the charm, however, has been long since broken, and the process is known to be so exceedingly simple, that a tolerable well-bred pointer puppy may have the foundation of all his future perfections theoretically inculcated in theVERY KITCHENorPARLOURof hisMASTER, before he is taken into the field. This is so truly and practically possible, that it may be done withtwoorthreebracetogether in a large room, or small yard, with no other assistance, than the alternate words of "TO-HO!" "TAKE HEED!" and "HAVE A CARE!" (with the small field whip in hand to impress attention,) although meat is tossed before them in every direction; when not a dog will stir till the signal of "HIE-ON" is heard, which they eagerlyobey; but are asinstantlystopped at the very moment of seizing their meat, by either of the cautions previously mentioned. Young dogs, having thus imbibed the principles upon which they are to act, have nature, and their instinctive impulse, to point out their practice when brought into the field: few are seen who hunt too little, the major part are inclined to range too much, and then it is that the cool and steady patience of the experienced sportsman becomes necessary to check the impetuosity. Juvenile gunners frequently spoil young dogs, by keeping them under as little restraint as they wish to be kept themselves; and too often let them break away out of all reasonable distance, till they acquire a habit of inattention and disobedience, of which some are with very great difficulty, if ever, divested.
When brought into the field, they should be taught to traverse every yard of the ground, (in proper lengths, and at proper distances,) so that none be left unbeaten; and this should be done with as few words, and as little noise, as possible. Short verbal signals, low vibrative whistles, andthe motion of the hand to therightorleft, are all that's useful; more does mischief: one steady shot of this description, with a brace of pointersobedienttocommand, and staunch toDOGandGUN, will kill more game in any country, than a noisy crew with three or four brace of dogs before them. All young pointers should not be permitted to deviate from the proper rule of quartering the ground before them; that is, to cover a line of fourscore yardstransverselyin the front of his master, taking forty yards to his right, and re-passing him, take the same distance to the left; and in such proportions as not to let his crossings and re-crossings be more than five-and-twenty or thirty yards from each other. If a brace of pointers are in the field, they should alternately cross the same beat, bymeetingandpassingeach other; but never beat the same way in a parallel direction.
Those who wish pointers to bring theGAMEwhenkilled, will find it very easy of attainment, by teaching them to fetch and carry before they take the field; it is an amusement they are much delighted with, and never forget: it has, however, one chance of inconvenience annexed to the experiment, if they become hard-mouthed, and take tobreakingboth flesh and feather; it is a fault, or rather a crime, never obliterated, but with incessant trouble and severity. It is a practice with some to hunt their pointers in coverts, with bells about theirnecks, both inCOCKandPHEASANTshooting; those who do it, hold their pointers (at least their excellence) in very slender estimation, as it invariably reduces their speed; renders them slow, tardy, undisciplined, and inclined to hang and puzzle, by constantly drawing upon the foot of the pheasant, or upon a hare in covert, when one happens to start before them; in a persevering pursuit of which, high-spirited dogs, full of blood, are subject to fits, and of long duration: cutting off half an inch of the tail, or bleeding in the roof of the mouth, is the only extemporaneous remedy in the field. Previous to the beginning of the season, that is, a fortnight before the commencement, each dog should have two doses of physic about four days apart; after which proper attention should be paid to the provision, which should be of a sweet and healthy kind, to preserve as much as possible their faculties in full perfection. From the hardness and heat of the ground in the first weeks of September, it sometimes happens, that the feet become lacerated, inflamed, and exceedingly sore; when which is observed, a plentiful washing, with warm gruel and a sponge, will afford considerable relief; in an hour or two after which, the application of some weak salt and water, or cold white-wine vinegar, will harden the surface, and probably prevent a repetition.
POLE-CAT.—The pole-cat is a species of vermin, partaking, in some degree, of the figure and propensities of theMARTINand theFERRET; or rather between both. It is smaller than the one, and considerably larger than the other; is an inhabitant of the bushy coverts in the neighbourhood of lonely farm-houses; to thePOULTRY,EGGS, andDOVE-HOUSES, of which they are constant and destructive enemies. The effluvia, or ratherstench, arising from their bodies is so truly offensive, that it has long since laid the foundation of the well-known proverbial expression of "stinkinglike aPOLE-CAT."
.—The pole-cat is a species of vermin, partaking, in some degree, of the figure and propensities of theMARTINand theFERRET; or rather between both. It is smaller than the one, and considerably larger than the other; is an inhabitant of the bushy coverts in the neighbourhood of lonely farm-houses; to thePOULTRY,EGGS, andDOVE-HOUSES, of which they are constant and destructive enemies. The effluvia, or ratherstench, arising from their bodies is so truly offensive, that it has long since laid the foundation of the well-known proverbial expression of "stinkinglike aPOLE-CAT."
POLL-EVIL,—in its first stage, is a tumefaction formed upon the poll of a horse immediately behind the ears, and is, in general, occasioned by a blow, bruise, or, perhaps, sometimes by the heavy weight and constant pressure of old harsh, stubborn harness-halters; as it is a kind of casual defect, or misfortune, with which only draught-horses are known to be much affected. Upon its discovery, when in an early state, repulsion may be attempted by mild restringents, as a few minutes patient fomentation withHOT VINEGARand a sponge, followed by a slight application ofCAMPHORATED SPIRITS; not evidently submitting to which at athirdorfourthrepetition, but continuing to increase, and display symptoms of impending maturation, those appearances must be immediately encouragedby proper means, and every attempt at repulsion instantly discontinued. Hot fomentations with gruel, immediately succeeded by emollient poultices of linseed powder, milk, and a small quantity of turpentine well incorporated; or bread, milk, and white lily root, bruised to a paste, and applied of a proper warmth, are the best modes of expediting suppuration; when which takes place, no small share of Veterinary knowledge, and professional punctuality, is requisite to obtain a sound and perfect cure.
,—in its first stage, is a tumefaction formed upon the poll of a horse immediately behind the ears, and is, in general, occasioned by a blow, bruise, or, perhaps, sometimes by the heavy weight and constant pressure of old harsh, stubborn harness-halters; as it is a kind of casual defect, or misfortune, with which only draught-horses are known to be much affected. Upon its discovery, when in an early state, repulsion may be attempted by mild restringents, as a few minutes patient fomentation withHOT VINEGARand a sponge, followed by a slight application ofCAMPHORATED SPIRITS; not evidently submitting to which at athirdorfourthrepetition, but continuing to increase, and display symptoms of impending maturation, those appearances must be immediately encouragedby proper means, and every attempt at repulsion instantly discontinued. Hot fomentations with gruel, immediately succeeded by emollient poultices of linseed powder, milk, and a small quantity of turpentine well incorporated; or bread, milk, and white lily root, bruised to a paste, and applied of a proper warmth, are the best modes of expediting suppuration; when which takes place, no small share of Veterinary knowledge, and professional punctuality, is requisite to obtain a sound and perfect cure.
POMONA.—There have been three well-bred mares of this name: the first bred byLord Clermont, foaled in 1769, got bySquirrel, dam byYoung Cade, grand-dam byRib, out of Grisewood'sLady Thigh. The second was bred by the lateDukeofCumberland, foaled in 1775, got byHerod, dam bySnap, grand-dam byRegulus. This mare was the dam of several runners, includingNina,Spear,Gardener, andHalbert. The third was bred byMr. O'Kelly, foaled in 1783, got byVertumnusout ofHelen, (who was got bySouth,) the dam ofParis,Saturn,Lady Thigh,Troy,Golden Apple, &c.
.—There have been three well-bred mares of this name: the first bred byLord Clermont, foaled in 1769, got bySquirrel, dam byYoung Cade, grand-dam byRib, out of Grisewood'sLady Thigh. The second was bred by the lateDukeofCumberland, foaled in 1775, got byHerod, dam bySnap, grand-dam byRegulus. This mare was the dam of several runners, includingNina,Spear,Gardener, andHalbert. The third was bred byMr. O'Kelly, foaled in 1783, got byVertumnusout ofHelen, (who was got bySouth,) the dam ofParis,Saturn,Lady Thigh,Troy,Golden Apple, &c.
POST MATCH—is a term inRACING, where it is only necessary to insert the age of theHORSESin the Articles, and to run any horse of that age,without declaring what horse, till he appears at the post.
—is a term inRACING, where it is only necessary to insert the age of theHORSESin the Articles, and to run any horse of that age,without declaring what horse, till he appears at the post.
POT8OO'S,—the name of a horse whose performances as aRACER, and progeny as aSTALLION, will transmit his celebrity to succeeding generations in various directions: he was bred by the lateLord Abingdon, foaled in 1773, and got byEclipseout ofSportsmistress, the dam ofLexicon,Jocundo,Roscius,Siddons,Peg Woffington,Sir Thomas, andSulky. This horse was so named to gratify a little pique against the lateColonel O'Kelly, in allusion to the place of his nativity, ironically called theLandofPotatoes. Upon the turf he proved himself equal to any horse of his time: as aSTALLION, few, if any, have stood in higher estimation. Exclusive of an infinity of annual winners, who have ran asCOLTSandFILLIESfor large stakes, but without a name, he is theSIREofParsley,Smack,Telescope,Turnip-top,Asparagus,Coriander,Flea,Misseltoe,Tiny,Alderman,Gumcistus,Cayenne,Chigwell,Golden Rod,Triptolemus,Cynthius,Druid,Emma,Guy,Lady,Lilliput,Polyanthus,Vesper, andWaxy.Aurora,Capsicum, Sister toDruid,Doricles,Edwin,Kidney,Mealy,Vixen, andWarwick.Doubtful,Faunus,Lambourn, Brother toLilliput,Oliver,Molly Maybush,Rowland,Thereabouts,Golden Dab, andYorkshire Bite.Dutchess of Limbs,Outcast,Schedoni,Trip-it,Dr. O'Liffey,Scrub,Snuff-box,Worthy,Champion,Crazy Jane,Canterbury,Lampedo, andTrifle.
,—the name of a horse whose performances as aRACER, and progeny as aSTALLION, will transmit his celebrity to succeeding generations in various directions: he was bred by the lateLord Abingdon, foaled in 1773, and got byEclipseout ofSportsmistress, the dam ofLexicon,Jocundo,Roscius,Siddons,Peg Woffington,Sir Thomas, andSulky. This horse was so named to gratify a little pique against the lateColonel O'Kelly, in allusion to the place of his nativity, ironically called theLandofPotatoes. Upon the turf he proved himself equal to any horse of his time: as aSTALLION, few, if any, have stood in higher estimation. Exclusive of an infinity of annual winners, who have ran asCOLTSandFILLIESfor large stakes, but without a name, he is theSIREofParsley,Smack,Telescope,Turnip-top,Asparagus,Coriander,Flea,Misseltoe,Tiny,Alderman,Gumcistus,Cayenne,Chigwell,Golden Rod,Triptolemus,Cynthius,Druid,Emma,Guy,Lady,Lilliput,Polyanthus,Vesper, andWaxy.Aurora,Capsicum, Sister toDruid,Doricles,Edwin,Kidney,Mealy,Vixen, andWarwick.Doubtful,Faunus,Lambourn, Brother toLilliput,Oliver,Molly Maybush,Rowland,Thereabouts,Golden Dab, andYorkshire Bite.Dutchess of Limbs,Outcast,Schedoni,Trip-it,Dr. O'Liffey,Scrub,Snuff-box,Worthy,Champion,Crazy Jane,Canterbury,Lampedo, andTrifle.
PRECIPITATE,—a horse of much recent celebrity, whose name was truly applicable to his descent. He was bred byLord Egremont, foaled in 1787, got byMercury, (a son ofEclipse,) dam byHerod, grand-dam (Maiden) byMatchem, out of Mr. Pratt'sOld Squirtmare. In the first Spring Meeting atNewmarket1790, when three years old, he won the first class of thePrince's Stakesof 100 guineas each, beatingThunderbolt,Chanticleer, andSir Pepper; four having paid forfeit. In the same week he won theBolton Stakesof 50 guineas each, beatingDragon,Chambooè, andPalafox; seven paying forfeit. Second Spring Meeting, he won the third class of thePrince's Stakesof 100 guineas each, beatingThunderbolt; seven paying forfeit. In the same week he received 100 guineas forfeit from Lord Grosvenor'sRhadamanthus. In 1792 he won 50l.at Guildford, beatingDoge,Thunderbolt,Seringapatam, andStout. The next day 50l.at the same place, beatingCardockandGriffin. The King's 100 guineas at Lewes, beatingSkyscraperat three heats, the first being deemeda dead heat; after which he became a stallion in his Lordship's stud at 12 guineas a mare. He is the sire ofJonquille,Petworth,Matrannee,Rosalba, Chesnut Colt out ofBobtail, Chesnut Colt out ofRosemary,Humbug,Lazarus,Raginer,Apollo,Gulliver,Tag,Louisa,Tipstaff, and many others now in training.
,—a horse of much recent celebrity, whose name was truly applicable to his descent. He was bred byLord Egremont, foaled in 1787, got byMercury, (a son ofEclipse,) dam byHerod, grand-dam (Maiden) byMatchem, out of Mr. Pratt'sOld Squirtmare. In the first Spring Meeting atNewmarket1790, when three years old, he won the first class of thePrince's Stakesof 100 guineas each, beatingThunderbolt,Chanticleer, andSir Pepper; four having paid forfeit. In the same week he won theBolton Stakesof 50 guineas each, beatingDragon,Chambooè, andPalafox; seven paying forfeit. Second Spring Meeting, he won the third class of thePrince's Stakesof 100 guineas each, beatingThunderbolt; seven paying forfeit. In the same week he received 100 guineas forfeit from Lord Grosvenor'sRhadamanthus. In 1792 he won 50l.at Guildford, beatingDoge,Thunderbolt,Seringapatam, andStout. The next day 50l.at the same place, beatingCardockandGriffin. The King's 100 guineas at Lewes, beatingSkyscraperat three heats, the first being deemeda dead heat; after which he became a stallion in his Lordship's stud at 12 guineas a mare. He is the sire ofJonquille,Petworth,Matrannee,Rosalba, Chesnut Colt out ofBobtail, Chesnut Colt out ofRosemary,Humbug,Lazarus,Raginer,Apollo,Gulliver,Tag,Louisa,Tipstaff, and many others now in training.
PREVENTION—is in itself a matter of so much magnitude, that it should ever be predominant in the mind of the sportsman and the man of pleasure.Prudence,PATIENCE, andPHILOSOPHY, when properly exerted, are frequently preventives to disease, mental mortification, trouble, expence, and consequent compunction. It is an established and incontrovertible maxim, thatPREVENTIONis preferable toCURE; under the influence of which impression (if properly attended to) a very great number of those occurrences, accidents, and dangerous diseases, which so constantly happen, might certainly be avoided; as, upon strict investigation, the far greater part may be found to originate in carelessness, neglect, indolence, or inhumanity. Riding or driving horses immoderate and unreasonable journies, withoutstoppingupon theROAD; riding huntershardestin theDEEPESTground, and taking very strong unnecessary leaps in the field; placing horses in a cold stable without immediate attention, when in a high state of perspiration; are amongst the many foundations of disease and disquietude which may be prevented, and are well worthy retention in the memory of those who wish to see their horses in health and good condition.
—is in itself a matter of so much magnitude, that it should ever be predominant in the mind of the sportsman and the man of pleasure.Prudence,PATIENCE, andPHILOSOPHY, when properly exerted, are frequently preventives to disease, mental mortification, trouble, expence, and consequent compunction. It is an established and incontrovertible maxim, thatPREVENTIONis preferable toCURE; under the influence of which impression (if properly attended to) a very great number of those occurrences, accidents, and dangerous diseases, which so constantly happen, might certainly be avoided; as, upon strict investigation, the far greater part may be found to originate in carelessness, neglect, indolence, or inhumanity. Riding or driving horses immoderate and unreasonable journies, withoutstoppingupon theROAD; riding huntershardestin theDEEPESTground, and taking very strong unnecessary leaps in the field; placing horses in a cold stable without immediate attention, when in a high state of perspiration; are amongst the many foundations of disease and disquietude which may be prevented, and are well worthy retention in the memory of those who wish to see their horses in health and good condition.
PRICKED.—A horse is said to bepricked, when, inSHOEING, any one of the nails is accidentally or injudiciously driven too near the membranes with which the box of the hoof is lined: this may happen with the most expert operator by a sudden inversion of the point when in itsseemingproper direction. A tenderness and halting is also very frequently occasioned by the nails passingclose to, and pressingupon, the internal parts, which, by tightclinching, constitutes so great a compression, that pain (particularly in action) inevitably ensues; in which case instantly taking off the shoe, well oiling the hoof, replacing the shoe with more care and less force, will prove it a mere temporary inconvenience.
.—A horse is said to bepricked, when, inSHOEING, any one of the nails is accidentally or injudiciously driven too near the membranes with which the box of the hoof is lined: this may happen with the most expert operator by a sudden inversion of the point when in itsseemingproper direction. A tenderness and halting is also very frequently occasioned by the nails passingclose to, and pressingupon, the internal parts, which, by tightclinching, constitutes so great a compression, that pain (particularly in action) inevitably ensues; in which case instantly taking off the shoe, well oiling the hoof, replacing the shoe with more care and less force, will prove it a mere temporary inconvenience.
When a horse is suspected to be pricked, in consequence of going lame immediately after having been shod, and not before, it is then of course natural to conclude some injury has been sustained during the operation of shoeing, and that he does not go lame in consequence of any previous accident. Circumstances thus tending to justify the inference, a careful examination should be made without delay: the nails should be extracted singly in succession; and when the shoe is off, a proper degree of pressure should be made with thePINCERS, to ascertain thetenderpart. This done, it is too much the custom, particularly with the obstinateof the old school, to recur to their usual practice of devastation, by an immediate and immoderate definition of parts, under the plea of an "absolute necessity for going to the bottom," topreventwhat most probably is by no means likely to ensue. If the particular nail is discovered by which the injury has been sustained, opening the spot of its insertion in a very trifling degree upon the surface, and pouring in a small quantity ofFriar's Balsam, or compoundTinctureofMyrrh, will in general allay the irritability, harden the punctured part, and subdue any tendency to inflammation: on the contrary, should any painful symptoms of impending maturation appear, emollient poultices, and warm digestives, should be applied to the bottom of the foot, to obtain a discharge from that part, that the formation ofA QUITTORmay, if possible, be prevented.
PRICKET.—The male produce of theBUCKandDOE(fallow deer) is so called at two years old, when he begins to put forth his head.
.—The male produce of theBUCKandDOE(fallow deer) is so called at two years old, when he begins to put forth his head.
PRICKING—is the unsportsmanlike act oftrackingaHAREby the points of her feet, upon the paths and highways, when the hounds areat fault: it is a common practice, and can only be justified where hares are exceedingly scarce, and difficult to be found, with packs very small in number, or deficient in effect; but it is a custom too mean anddegrading to be permitted with hounds of eminence, who must kill their game with a reputationuntainted, or not kill at all.
—is the unsportsmanlike act oftrackingaHAREby the points of her feet, upon the paths and highways, when the hounds areat fault: it is a common practice, and can only be justified where hares are exceedingly scarce, and difficult to be found, with packs very small in number, or deficient in effect; but it is a custom too mean anddegrading to be permitted with hounds of eminence, who must kill their game with a reputationuntainted, or not kill at all.
PROBE—is a silver instrument used bySURGEONSandVETERINARIANS, in sounding the depth of cavities, sinusses, fistulas, and wounds: they are, upon unexpected emergencies, so very frequently useful in the country-house, or remote residence of a sportsman, that it should never be withoutthis, and someothertrifling instruments of little expence; exclusive of lint, tow, ointments, tinctures, and a few other cordial and diuretic medicines, for which there is sometimes a sudden and unexpected occasion.
—is a silver instrument used bySURGEONSandVETERINARIANS, in sounding the depth of cavities, sinusses, fistulas, and wounds: they are, upon unexpected emergencies, so very frequently useful in the country-house, or remote residence of a sportsman, that it should never be withoutthis, and someothertrifling instruments of little expence; exclusive of lint, tow, ointments, tinctures, and a few other cordial and diuretic medicines, for which there is sometimes a sudden and unexpected occasion.
PULSE.—In all dangerous and inflammatory diseases of horses, much information may be derived from the state of thePULSE; in addition to the observations to be made upon the difficulty of respiration, the heaving of the flank, the heat of the mouth, and the state of the eyes. It seems, by the nicest observations, that the pulsations in a healthy horse seldom exceed from forty to forty-five in a minute; exceeding which in any material degree, there is then reason to believe, inflammatory heat is predominant in the frame, and that fever is rapidly advancing in proportion to the increased velocity of the blood.Farriersin general, either from a want of attention, or want of judgment, aremost culpably deficient in this part of their professional examination; upon a competent proficiency in which, must solely depend theCONSISTENCY, orimpropriety, of repeated bleedings, in all cases of high and increasing inflammations, whereREPETITIONSare absolutely indispensible for the preservation of life.
.—In all dangerous and inflammatory diseases of horses, much information may be derived from the state of thePULSE; in addition to the observations to be made upon the difficulty of respiration, the heaving of the flank, the heat of the mouth, and the state of the eyes. It seems, by the nicest observations, that the pulsations in a healthy horse seldom exceed from forty to forty-five in a minute; exceeding which in any material degree, there is then reason to believe, inflammatory heat is predominant in the frame, and that fever is rapidly advancing in proportion to the increased velocity of the blood.Farriersin general, either from a want of attention, or want of judgment, aremost culpably deficient in this part of their professional examination; upon a competent proficiency in which, must solely depend theCONSISTENCY, orimpropriety, of repeated bleedings, in all cases of high and increasing inflammations, whereREPETITIONSare absolutely indispensible for the preservation of life.
PURGING—is an operation with horses, upon the propriety, consistency, danger, and utility of which, various opinions have been opposed to each other for half a century past; these, after the public experience of the last fourteen years, seem to have centered in an acknowledged preponderation of its occasional use; and that without its frequent salutary introduction, certain diseases are neither to be prevented or cured. The absolute necessity for sometimesPURGING, is not only now universally admitted, but the practice as generally adopted; the first step to a successful termination of which operation is, to adapt (by every possible degree of precaution) the strength of the physic to thesize,state, andconstitutionof theHORSE, as well as an eye to the particular cause for which the purgation is become necessary. Proper attention paid to these leading circumstances, and due care observed during its process, no apprehensions of danger need be at all entertained.
—is an operation with horses, upon the propriety, consistency, danger, and utility of which, various opinions have been opposed to each other for half a century past; these, after the public experience of the last fourteen years, seem to have centered in an acknowledged preponderation of its occasional use; and that without its frequent salutary introduction, certain diseases are neither to be prevented or cured. The absolute necessity for sometimesPURGING, is not only now universally admitted, but the practice as generally adopted; the first step to a successful termination of which operation is, to adapt (by every possible degree of precaution) the strength of the physic to thesize,state, andconstitutionof theHORSE, as well as an eye to the particular cause for which the purgation is become necessary. Proper attention paid to these leading circumstances, and due care observed during its process, no apprehensions of danger need be at all entertained.
It is necessary those who have not been accustomed to the management of horses under so serious an operation, should know, that, from the great length of the intestinal canal, a horse requires a considerable decree of cathartic stimulus to insure excremental expulsion. When the contents of the larger intestines are become indurated by long retention, little work, and a want of exercise, there is then a kind of constitutional tendency to constipation, when, of course, more disquietude or pain will be experienced by the subject, than when the body is in a more favourable and less costive state. The intestines (when extended) exceeding thirty yards in length, and laying compressed in a horizontal position within the frame, and in so small a compass, is the principal, and almost only, reason to be advanced, why the combination of purgative ingredients continue from eighteen to twenty-four hours in the frame, before the fæces are sufficiently softened for the operation to begin.
Exclusive of the various disorders to which horses are subject, requiring a course of physic upon their first appearance, or at their termination, (as may be collected from the works of those who have written professedly upon the subject,) there are many instances, in whichPURGINGmay be very advantageously brought into use, as a criticalPREVENTIVEtoDISEASE, although there may, at the time, be but little external cause to believe suchmorbidity is impending. Horses constantly standing in a stable upon full and good keep, with but very little work, and short exercise, generate blood freely, and lose a very trifling proportion of the constantly accumulating contents of the frame, by either perspiration or evacuation. Thus then the vessels, as well as the carcase, become so evidently overloaded, that the whole labours under the rigidity of one universal distension; constituting a preternatural stricture upon the body and its extremities, by which the system ofsecretionandexcretionis partially or universally affected, and the regular routine of theANIMAL ŒCONOMYproportionally deranged. Under this concise, but explanatory, definition of repletion, and its effects, will be found the necessity for occasionally unloading the body by proper evacuants, and relieving the vessels from the unnatural stricture which reduces the elasticity of the solids, and retards or obstructs the easy circulation of their contents.
PURITY—was a mare of distinguished celebrity originally, but rendered much more so, as the dam of the famous horseRockingham, whose performances will be found under that head.Puritywas bred byMr. Pratt; foaled in 1774, and got byMatchemout of the oldSquirtmare. She was the dam ofRockingham,Archibald,Fitzwilliam, and a filly byHighflyer; as well as others byFlorizel,Magnet,Paymaster, andSaltram. Her dam(the oldSquirtmare) produced many racers of the first class:Virgin,Miracle,Dido,Conundrum,Ranthos,Enigma,Riddle,Miss Tims,Pumpkin,Maiden,Rasselas,Purity, and three others; having continued to breed from 1755 to 1774; during which period of nineteen years, she produced the fifteen colts and fillies here described.
—was a mare of distinguished celebrity originally, but rendered much more so, as the dam of the famous horseRockingham, whose performances will be found under that head.Puritywas bred byMr. Pratt; foaled in 1774, and got byMatchemout of the oldSquirtmare. She was the dam ofRockingham,Archibald,Fitzwilliam, and a filly byHighflyer; as well as others byFlorizel,Magnet,Paymaster, andSaltram. Her dam(the oldSquirtmare) produced many racers of the first class:Virgin,Miracle,Dido,Conundrum,Ranthos,Enigma,Riddle,Miss Tims,Pumpkin,Maiden,Rasselas,Purity, and three others; having continued to breed from 1755 to 1774; during which period of nineteen years, she produced the fifteen colts and fillies here described.
PURSIVENESS—is a disorder, or degree of disease, with a difficulty of respiration, beyond the effect of a commoncoldandcough, but falling short of the malady denominatedBROKEN WIND. Pursiveness in a horse bears no ill affinity to the asthmatic complaints of the human species. Although there have been refined distinctions adopted, and definitions attempted, between the symptoms of a cold and the disorder called pursiveness in a horse, yet one is very little more or less than an inveterate stage of the other. The blood having, from some particular cause, become sizey, has consequently passed through the finer vessels with a languor far inferior to the purposes of health; hence obstructions are first formed; and these continuing to increase, tubercles follow. The parts necessary to a free and easy respiration being thus affected, it becomes laborious and oppressive in a proportional degree with the increasing viscidity of the blood, and the length of time it has been permitted to continue in its progress without restraint. The finer vascular ramifications of the lungs being thuspartially closed, imperfect respiration ensues; producing those whistling wheezings with whichASTHMATIChorses are observed to be distressed, particularly inbrisk action, until it progressively terminates in broken wind, which it will inevitably do, unless the proper means of alleviation and cure are earnestly adopted. Frequent bleedings, pectoral detergents, intervening attenuants, and mercurial purging balls, (administered with patient and punctual perseverance,) are the only medical aids from which permanent relief must be expected, or can be obtained.
—is a disorder, or degree of disease, with a difficulty of respiration, beyond the effect of a commoncoldandcough, but falling short of the malady denominatedBROKEN WIND. Pursiveness in a horse bears no ill affinity to the asthmatic complaints of the human species. Although there have been refined distinctions adopted, and definitions attempted, between the symptoms of a cold and the disorder called pursiveness in a horse, yet one is very little more or less than an inveterate stage of the other. The blood having, from some particular cause, become sizey, has consequently passed through the finer vessels with a languor far inferior to the purposes of health; hence obstructions are first formed; and these continuing to increase, tubercles follow. The parts necessary to a free and easy respiration being thus affected, it becomes laborious and oppressive in a proportional degree with the increasing viscidity of the blood, and the length of time it has been permitted to continue in its progress without restraint. The finer vascular ramifications of the lungs being thuspartially closed, imperfect respiration ensues; producing those whistling wheezings with whichASTHMATIChorses are observed to be distressed, particularly inbrisk action, until it progressively terminates in broken wind, which it will inevitably do, unless the proper means of alleviation and cure are earnestly adopted. Frequent bleedings, pectoral detergents, intervening attenuants, and mercurial purging balls, (administered with patient and punctual perseverance,) are the only medical aids from which permanent relief must be expected, or can be obtained.
QUAILS—are small birds, found, at certain seasons, in corn fields and stubbles, as well as in the standing crops of backward clover: they partake, in a certain degree, of the game species, as spaniels (that are well bred) instantlyfeather, and pointers gradually draw to a doubtfulPOINT, uponwindingthem, andSTAND FIRMif near to the bird.Quailsare considered birds of passage, as they are only to be seen in the centrical parts of the kingdom during the four warmest months of the year. They get upbefore the dog with great reluctance, running till almost weary before they rise. When upon wing, a very moderate shot will bring them down. In those counties where they are found in greater plenty than in some others, they are caught alive, by means of what is termed aQUAIL-CALLandNETS; and sometimes in such numbers, as to be seen at the shops of the London poulterers in cages exhibited for sale.
—are small birds, found, at certain seasons, in corn fields and stubbles, as well as in the standing crops of backward clover: they partake, in a certain degree, of the game species, as spaniels (that are well bred) instantlyfeather, and pointers gradually draw to a doubtfulPOINT, uponwindingthem, andSTAND FIRMif near to the bird.Quailsare considered birds of passage, as they are only to be seen in the centrical parts of the kingdom during the four warmest months of the year. They get upbefore the dog with great reluctance, running till almost weary before they rise. When upon wing, a very moderate shot will bring them down. In those counties where they are found in greater plenty than in some others, they are caught alive, by means of what is termed aQUAIL-CALLandNETS; and sometimes in such numbers, as to be seen at the shops of the London poulterers in cages exhibited for sale.
QUALIFICATION—is both a sporting and parliamentary term for the privilege of killing game, inHUNTING,COURSING,SHOOTING, or byanymode which the qualified party may chuse to adopt; provided it is not repugnant to such other Acts as are still in force for the prevention ofPOACHING, and those nocturnal depredations by which the game is annually so daringly reduced. This qualification (or exemption from the penalties of former Acts during different reigns) till of very late years, consisted in the full and unrestrained possession of one hundred pounds per annum, issuing fromFREEHOLD LAND, or estate, and producing thatclearannual sum whenevery otherexpence was paid: or, the possession of aLEASEHOLDestate of one hundred and fifty pounds per annum, in right ofselforwife, for the term of ninety-nine years, or any term beyond that period. In addition to which, it is enacted by an Act of the Legislature during the present reign ofGeorgetheThird, That every person in Great Britain who shall use anydog,gun,net, or otherengine, for thetakingordestructionofGAME, shall take out an annual certificate, from theClerkof thePeacefor the county in which he resides, and shall pay for such certificate the sum ofTHREE POUNDS THREE SHILLINGS, with one shilling to the clerk for his trouble in making it out. SeeGame, andGame Laws.
—is both a sporting and parliamentary term for the privilege of killing game, inHUNTING,COURSING,SHOOTING, or byanymode which the qualified party may chuse to adopt; provided it is not repugnant to such other Acts as are still in force for the prevention ofPOACHING, and those nocturnal depredations by which the game is annually so daringly reduced. This qualification (or exemption from the penalties of former Acts during different reigns) till of very late years, consisted in the full and unrestrained possession of one hundred pounds per annum, issuing fromFREEHOLD LAND, or estate, and producing thatclearannual sum whenevery otherexpence was paid: or, the possession of aLEASEHOLDestate of one hundred and fifty pounds per annum, in right ofselforwife, for the term of ninety-nine years, or any term beyond that period. In addition to which, it is enacted by an Act of the Legislature during the present reign ofGeorgetheThird, That every person in Great Britain who shall use anydog,gun,net, or otherengine, for thetakingordestructionofGAME, shall take out an annual certificate, from theClerkof thePeacefor the county in which he resides, and shall pay for such certificate the sum ofTHREE POUNDS THREE SHILLINGS, with one shilling to the clerk for his trouble in making it out. SeeGame, andGame Laws.
QUALIFICATIONS—appertain, in a particular degree, to the subject ofRACINGupon theTURF, and is used in a certain signification. Plates of 50l.are given at numerous places of sport, to be run for on certain conditions; some byCOLTSandFILLIESofthreeyears old; somefouryears old; othersfiveandsix; and, lastly, forHORSESof allAGESandQUALIFICATIONS. The precise meaning of which is, that a horse equal inAGEtooneormoreof his competitors, may be very superior in qualifications; in which case it becomes necessary and equitable to bring their abilities more upon an equality, by so encreasing the weight which one is to carry above the standard of the other, that there may be left very little probability of deciding upon thecertaintyof superiority inSPEED, when the impartial and judicious adjustment of weight is so properly fixed, as to leave an equal hope and expectation of winning thePRIZEfor which they are tostart. To render such modethe less liable to objection, it is mostly the custom to say in the advertisements, a winner ofoneplate in the present year to carry 3lb. the winner oftwo, 5lb. and ofthree, ormore, 7lb. extra.
—appertain, in a particular degree, to the subject ofRACINGupon theTURF, and is used in a certain signification. Plates of 50l.are given at numerous places of sport, to be run for on certain conditions; some byCOLTSandFILLIESofthreeyears old; somefouryears old; othersfiveandsix; and, lastly, forHORSESof allAGESandQUALIFICATIONS. The precise meaning of which is, that a horse equal inAGEtooneormoreof his competitors, may be very superior in qualifications; in which case it becomes necessary and equitable to bring their abilities more upon an equality, by so encreasing the weight which one is to carry above the standard of the other, that there may be left very little probability of deciding upon thecertaintyof superiority inSPEED, when the impartial and judicious adjustment of weight is so properly fixed, as to leave an equal hope and expectation of winning thePRIZEfor which they are tostart. To render such modethe less liable to objection, it is mostly the custom to say in the advertisements, a winner ofoneplate in the present year to carry 3lb. the winner oftwo, 5lb. and ofthree, ormore, 7lb. extra.
QUARTER (False.)—TheDEFECTso called in thehoofof aHORSE, is the renovated part of what has been by some accident previously destroyed; and this effort of nature being inadequate, in its regeneration, to the original formation, the quarter of the heel, in its growth, acquires a kind of spongy puffiness or elasticity, accompanied by aCLEFTorCRACK, which prevents a perfect and undivided union with that part of the hoof uninjured, constituting a tender weakness, as well as a permanent blemish, not to be obliterated during the life of the horse. Notwithstanding which, much depends upon the management during the time the original injury remains in its infant state. A wanton destruction of parts, by the too hasty and injudicious interposition ofCAUSTICSandCUTTING KNIVES, frequently does more mischief in twelve hours, than Nature, with all her powerful endeavours, can repair in as many months. When by these, or other means, a false quarter cannot be avoided, it should be occasionally attended to during the progress of its growth: the uneven prominencies should, when becoming luxuriant and irregular, be kept down by gentle erasions withtheRASP, and the surface, the cleft, and surrounding part, be plentifully moistened withFRIAR'S BALSAM,TINCTUREofMYRRH, or some such applicable substitute, as may give it a gradational hardening, and effectually reduce the irritability of the parts affected. To relieve the ill-effect of this inconvenience to a certain degree, aBAR-SHOEmay be so carefully constructed, as to shield thetenderandweakerpart of the hoof fromPRESSURE; and this can only be done by forming the shoe of such thickness, as to admit of its taking its bearing equally from the sound parts of the hoof, about an inch or two on each side the seat of injury, with strength sufficient to prevent a chance of its indentation upon the tender part intended to be protected.
—TheDEFECTso called in thehoofof aHORSE, is the renovated part of what has been by some accident previously destroyed; and this effort of nature being inadequate, in its regeneration, to the original formation, the quarter of the heel, in its growth, acquires a kind of spongy puffiness or elasticity, accompanied by aCLEFTorCRACK, which prevents a perfect and undivided union with that part of the hoof uninjured, constituting a tender weakness, as well as a permanent blemish, not to be obliterated during the life of the horse. Notwithstanding which, much depends upon the management during the time the original injury remains in its infant state. A wanton destruction of parts, by the too hasty and injudicious interposition ofCAUSTICSandCUTTING KNIVES, frequently does more mischief in twelve hours, than Nature, with all her powerful endeavours, can repair in as many months. When by these, or other means, a false quarter cannot be avoided, it should be occasionally attended to during the progress of its growth: the uneven prominencies should, when becoming luxuriant and irregular, be kept down by gentle erasions withtheRASP, and the surface, the cleft, and surrounding part, be plentifully moistened withFRIAR'S BALSAM,TINCTUREofMYRRH, or some such applicable substitute, as may give it a gradational hardening, and effectually reduce the irritability of the parts affected. To relieve the ill-effect of this inconvenience to a certain degree, aBAR-SHOEmay be so carefully constructed, as to shield thetenderandweakerpart of the hoof fromPRESSURE; and this can only be done by forming the shoe of such thickness, as to admit of its taking its bearing equally from the sound parts of the hoof, about an inch or two on each side the seat of injury, with strength sufficient to prevent a chance of its indentation upon the tender part intended to be protected.
QUARTERS.—The fore and hind parts of a horse are frequently so called; for instance, such a horse is beautifully formed in hisFORE QUARTERS, but he is exceedinglyill madebehind; and some are well proportioned in the gascoins, the hip, the rump, and hocks, but are ill formed and low before. TheFORE QUARTERSinclude the head, neck, breast, withers, and fore legs, to the girths; theHIND QUARTERScomprehend the hips, thighs, hams, hocks, and hind legs.
.—The fore and hind parts of a horse are frequently so called; for instance, such a horse is beautifully formed in hisFORE QUARTERS, but he is exceedinglyill madebehind; and some are well proportioned in the gascoins, the hip, the rump, and hocks, but are ill formed and low before. TheFORE QUARTERSinclude the head, neck, breast, withers, and fore legs, to the girths; theHIND QUARTERScomprehend the hips, thighs, hams, hocks, and hind legs.
QUEST.—Hounds (beagles or harriers) are said toQUEST, when they first give tongue aftercoming upontrail. Spaniels are said toquestalso, when they give tongue in covert, upon coming up to the foot and scent of partridge, pheasant, hare, or cock.
.—Hounds (beagles or harriers) are said toQUEST, when they first give tongue aftercoming upontrail. Spaniels are said toquestalso, when they give tongue in covert, upon coming up to the foot and scent of partridge, pheasant, hare, or cock.
OUICKSILVER—is an article of almost incredible medical utility; a full and explanatory description of which will be found under the headMercury.
—is an article of almost incredible medical utility; a full and explanatory description of which will be found under the headMercury.
QUITTOR.—The serious injury so denominated, is, in its origin, a painful and inflammatory formation of matter (arising from various causes) at the precise junction of theHAIRwith the upper part of theHOOF: this, from the peculiar construction of the parts, particularly if injudiciously conduced, soon degenerates into a virulent, ill-conditionedULCER, dangerous in its progress, and uncertain in its termination. Treads, blows, and bruises,EXTERNALLY, and a lodgment of gravel, or other extraneous substance, having insinuated itselfINTERNALLY, from the bottom of the foot, and working upwards, are principally the means by which such misfortune is too frequently and unluckily produced. The practice too prevalent withFARRIERS(newly termedveterinarians) is to proceed with all possiblefireandfuryto a speedy and unrelenting destruction of parts: the introduction of a large portion ofCORROSIVE SUBLIMATEis adopted to "bring away the core;" orBLUE VITRIOL, reduced to powder, and mixed with theOILalso, is used for the same: these frequently proving theREMEDYto beworsethan theDISEASE, theknifeis called in aid, and, by daily use, (after the patience of the owner is nearly exhausted, and his purse equally operated upon with the horse,) the subject becomes calculated for littlemoreorlessthan theCOLLAR MAKER, to whom such patients are in general ultimately consigned: unless they fall into the hands of judicious practitioners; who, knowing the properties of medicine, and the useful interposition of art, can patiently condescend to complete with theSYRINGE, what the less qualified can never perform with theKNIFE.
.—The serious injury so denominated, is, in its origin, a painful and inflammatory formation of matter (arising from various causes) at the precise junction of theHAIRwith the upper part of theHOOF: this, from the peculiar construction of the parts, particularly if injudiciously conduced, soon degenerates into a virulent, ill-conditionedULCER, dangerous in its progress, and uncertain in its termination. Treads, blows, and bruises,EXTERNALLY, and a lodgment of gravel, or other extraneous substance, having insinuated itselfINTERNALLY, from the bottom of the foot, and working upwards, are principally the means by which such misfortune is too frequently and unluckily produced. The practice too prevalent withFARRIERS(newly termedveterinarians) is to proceed with all possiblefireandfuryto a speedy and unrelenting destruction of parts: the introduction of a large portion ofCORROSIVE SUBLIMATEis adopted to "bring away the core;" orBLUE VITRIOL, reduced to powder, and mixed with theOILalso, is used for the same: these frequently proving theREMEDYto beworsethan theDISEASE, theknifeis called in aid, and, by daily use, (after the patience of the owner is nearly exhausted, and his purse equally operated upon with the horse,) the subject becomes calculated for littlemoreorlessthan theCOLLAR MAKER, to whom such patients are in general ultimately consigned: unless they fall into the hands of judicious practitioners; who, knowing the properties of medicine, and the useful interposition of art, can patiently condescend to complete with theSYRINGE, what the less qualified can never perform with theKNIFE.
QUITTOR-BONE—is a protrusive enlargement upon some part of theCORONETof aHORSE, originating in a ligamentary distortion, fibrous rupture, or internal injury; which continuing to encrease in size to the utmost distention of the integument, it then gradually acquires a certain degree of callosity, and lastly,OSSIFICATION, from whence is derived its present denomination. Custom has established the alternatives ofBLISTERINGorFIRING, and they not unfrequently succeed each other. A little reflection will, however, determine whether it is not sometimes better
—is a protrusive enlargement upon some part of theCORONETof aHORSE, originating in a ligamentary distortion, fibrous rupture, or internal injury; which continuing to encrease in size to the utmost distention of the integument, it then gradually acquires a certain degree of callosity, and lastly,OSSIFICATION, from whence is derived its present denomination. Custom has established the alternatives ofBLISTERINGorFIRING, and they not unfrequently succeed each other. A little reflection will, however, determine whether it is not sometimes better
"To bear those ills we have,"Than fly to others that we know not of."
"To bear those ills we have,
"Than fly to others that we know not of."
RABBIT—is the well-known animal, bearing some similitude to theHAREin its formation, but no proportional excellence as a luxury for the table. Rabbits are of two kinds, the wild, and domestic; the latter of which are bred in hutches exceedingly tame, and in a sporting view lay claim to no consideration. The wild rabbits are much inferior in size, and many shades lighter in the colour of their fur, than the hare, to whom they have a natural and an invincible aversion; which, in fact, seems to be mutual, as they are but rarely found in the purlieus of each other. The rabbit, in its wild and uncultivated state, (not part of, or appertaining to a warren,) is thought of but very little intrinsic value, and is killed or taken as a matter of public right, by individuals of every class who happen to find them; not being included in the late acts of parliament for thePRESERVATIONof theGAME; although they are mentioned asconiesin some of the former records, which, though unrepealed, are seldom resorted to for legal information. Rabbits in aWARRENare supposed the most prolific and profitable animal of any that contributes to human subsistence: these warrens are common in many parts of the kingdom, but more particularly in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk,Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire, by the three last of which counties the Metropolis is supplied for its almost infinite consumption. The scent of a rabbit is exceedinglyfaintin comparison with theHARE,FOX, orFALLOW DEER; they, however, by jumping up suddenly, frequently lead hounds a little astray, but cannot stand long before them.
—is the well-known animal, bearing some similitude to theHAREin its formation, but no proportional excellence as a luxury for the table. Rabbits are of two kinds, the wild, and domestic; the latter of which are bred in hutches exceedingly tame, and in a sporting view lay claim to no consideration. The wild rabbits are much inferior in size, and many shades lighter in the colour of their fur, than the hare, to whom they have a natural and an invincible aversion; which, in fact, seems to be mutual, as they are but rarely found in the purlieus of each other. The rabbit, in its wild and uncultivated state, (not part of, or appertaining to a warren,) is thought of but very little intrinsic value, and is killed or taken as a matter of public right, by individuals of every class who happen to find them; not being included in the late acts of parliament for thePRESERVATIONof theGAME; although they are mentioned asconiesin some of the former records, which, though unrepealed, are seldom resorted to for legal information. Rabbits in aWARRENare supposed the most prolific and profitable animal of any that contributes to human subsistence: these warrens are common in many parts of the kingdom, but more particularly in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk,Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire, by the three last of which counties the Metropolis is supplied for its almost infinite consumption. The scent of a rabbit is exceedinglyfaintin comparison with theHARE,FOX, orFALLOW DEER; they, however, by jumping up suddenly, frequently lead hounds a little astray, but cannot stand long before them.
RABBITS propagate so rapidly, and increase so largely, in some parks and farms of a woodland country, that they become, by their numbers, exceedingly injurious, and an occasional reduction is found unavoidably necessary, as a matter of self defence; in which caseRABBIT SHOOTINGis found a most pleasant diversion. This is enjoyed with the assistance of a brace of spaniels, which being turned into the bushes and hedge-rows, are hardly ever without a rabbit on foot: but it must be a veryquickandgoodshot to prove successful, as their short turns, and sudden twists, render them a very difficult mark to hit.Warreners, in some parts of the kingdom, are called warren farmers, whose premises are of very great extent, and the rent from three to four and five hundred pounds a year: the rabbits in these are so completely private property, that various Acts are still in force for their preservation, and the summary punishment of offenders (before a justice of peace) for any transgression against the statutes in such case made and provided.
RACE HORSE—Is the kind of horse bred solely for theTURF, and whose blood must be properly authenticated to have descended in aSTATEofPURITYfrom one generation to another, without the least contamination by any accidental or intentional cross whatever. Horses of this description are not entirely selected, as others in general are, by themake,shape,strength, andbone, but in a great degree by the estimation of the blood from which they have descended; and from which circumstance alone is derived their claim to the appellation ofBLOOD HORSES, which they properly continue to retain, and are alone entitled to. We are furnished with the most indubitable assurances, that theArabsare (if possible) more tenacious, precise, and correct, in the pedigree, or genealogical descent, of their superior and unmixed breed, than the sporting breeders of this country; and that thePEDIGREESof each peculiar and distinguishedBLOODhas been forCENTURIEStransmitted from generation to generation, with the same authenticated accuracy, as is now the regular practice with every racing stud in the kingdom. The emulative impulse of the English sportsman to attain perfection, most probably suggested the idea of introducing the celebratedBLOODofArabia, that judicious experimentalcrossesmight be made with the best of our own.
—Is the kind of horse bred solely for theTURF, and whose blood must be properly authenticated to have descended in aSTATEofPURITYfrom one generation to another, without the least contamination by any accidental or intentional cross whatever. Horses of this description are not entirely selected, as others in general are, by themake,shape,strength, andbone, but in a great degree by the estimation of the blood from which they have descended; and from which circumstance alone is derived their claim to the appellation ofBLOOD HORSES, which they properly continue to retain, and are alone entitled to. We are furnished with the most indubitable assurances, that theArabsare (if possible) more tenacious, precise, and correct, in the pedigree, or genealogical descent, of their superior and unmixed breed, than the sporting breeders of this country; and that thePEDIGREESof each peculiar and distinguishedBLOODhas been forCENTURIEStransmitted from generation to generation, with the same authenticated accuracy, as is now the regular practice with every racing stud in the kingdom. The emulative impulse of the English sportsman to attain perfection, most probably suggested the idea of introducing the celebratedBLOODofArabia, that judicious experimentalcrossesmight be made with the best of our own.
The earliest instances upon record, were during, and subsequent to, the reign ofKing CharlestheSecond, who sent abroad his master of the horse to procure a selection of foreignHORSESandMARESfor the establishment of aBREEDING STUD; and the mares then brought over (as well as many of their produce) have since been calledROYALmares. The principalArabians,Barbs, andTurks, by which the original breed of Britain is supposed in some respects to have been improved, are as follows. TheWhite Turkwas the property ofMr. Place, stud-master toOliver Cromwellwhen Protector; he was the sire ofWormwoodandCommoner.Dodsworth, though foaled in England, was a natural Barb, his dam having been imported when in foal during the reign of Charles the Second, and was called a royal mare. TheLister Turkwas brought into England by the Duke of Berwick from the Siege of Buda, in the reign of James the Second, and was the sire ofSnake,Brisk,Coneyskins, andPiping Peg. TheByerly Turkwas Captain Byerly's charger in Ireland in King William's Wars; he was sire ofSprite,Black-Hearty,Archer,Basto,Grasshopper, theByerlyGelding, andJigg.Greyhoundwas got in Barbary, after which both sire and dam were purchased, and brought to England, by Mr. Marshall. He was the sire ofOld Othello,Whitefoot,Osmyn,Rake,Samson,Goliah,Favourite, andDesdemona.