TERRIER.—The terrier may naturally be concluded to have derived his name from the avidity with which he takes the earth; particularly when in pursuit of hisowngame, which is vermin of every kind, without distinction. To the fox,badger, polecat, weasel, rat, and even the poor domestic cat, the terrier is a most implacable enemy. For the purposes ofBADGER BAITING, they have, by the lower classes, been crossed, and bredinandinwith the bull-dog, which has enlarged the produce of those crosses, and increased the natural ferocity, as a greater stimulus to that particular sport now so fashionable with the sons of the cleaver, since the practice ofBULL-BAITINGhas been so happily upon the decline. The genuine and lesser breed of terrier is employed in a business, to which, by his size, his fortitude, persevering strength, and invincible ardour, he seems more peculiarly adapted, and may be most truly said "to labour cheerfully in his vocation." This is, in his subordinate attendance upon the chase, where, like distinguished personages in a procession, thoughlast, he is not theleastin consequence.
.—The terrier may naturally be concluded to have derived his name from the avidity with which he takes the earth; particularly when in pursuit of hisowngame, which is vermin of every kind, without distinction. To the fox,badger, polecat, weasel, rat, and even the poor domestic cat, the terrier is a most implacable enemy. For the purposes ofBADGER BAITING, they have, by the lower classes, been crossed, and bredinandinwith the bull-dog, which has enlarged the produce of those crosses, and increased the natural ferocity, as a greater stimulus to that particular sport now so fashionable with the sons of the cleaver, since the practice ofBULL-BAITINGhas been so happily upon the decline. The genuine and lesser breed of terrier is employed in a business, to which, by his size, his fortitude, persevering strength, and invincible ardour, he seems more peculiarly adapted, and may be most truly said "to labour cheerfully in his vocation." This is, in his subordinate attendance upon the chase, where, like distinguished personages in a procession, thoughlast, he is not theleastin consequence.
Terriersof even thebest bloodare now bred of all colours; red, black, (with tan faces, flanks, feet, and legs;) brindled sandy; some few, brown pied, white pied, and pure white; as well as one sort of each colour, rough and wire-haired; the others, soft and smooth; and, what is rather extraordinary, the latter not much deficient in courage with the former; but therough breedmust be acknowledged the most severe and invincible biter of the two. Since fox-hunting is so deservedly and universally popular in every county where it canbe enjoyed, these faithful little animals have become so exceedingly fashionable, that few stables of the independent are seen without them. Four and five guineas is no great price for a handsome, well-bred terrier; and a very short time since, seven puppies were sold at the Running-horse livery-stables, in Piccadilly, forone-and-twentyguineas; andthese, at this time, is as true a breed of the small sort as any in England.
With every established pack of fox-hounds there is seldom to be seen less thana braceof terriers; and, for the best of reasons, one is generally larger and stronger than the other; in a small earth, where one cannot enter, the other may. With the hounds, in endeavouring to find, as well as during the chase, their exertions are incessant and indefatigable; and although the fleet pack shall be carrying the scent breast high at the top of their speed, these instinctive devotees to the sport are seldom far behind them. When a fox is run toearth, it is the province of the terrier to follow, andlay at him; as, by the baying of one at the other, the ear will soon be informed, whether the fox laysdeep, or near thesurface; and those who are employed in digging him out, will be enabled and encouraged to proceed accordingly. In fidelity, sagacity, courage, as well as the most incredible endurance of fatigue and hunger, they are inferior to no one particular tribe of the canine species.
THRUSHES—are defects in the centrical part of the frogs, which having, by neglect, been permitted to get into arottenanddecayedstate, they ooze from the middle a most offensive acrid ichor; and this, unless it is properly cleansed and counteracted, will continue to corrode the parts underneath, till the foundation of the frog is totally destroyed. It has been, and still is, too much the practice with the ignorant and illiterate, to oppose the efforts of Nature, instead of rendering her judicious and necessary assistance.Vitriolicsolutions,VERDIGREASE, andALUM, are the favouriteinfallibleswith the common farrier, the coachman, and the groom; but to those of more comprehensive minds, and complying dispositions, perfect cleansings, with sponge and water, followed by simple white wine vinegar, and compound tincture of myrrh, will be found sufficient, if properly persevered in.
—are defects in the centrical part of the frogs, which having, by neglect, been permitted to get into arottenanddecayedstate, they ooze from the middle a most offensive acrid ichor; and this, unless it is properly cleansed and counteracted, will continue to corrode the parts underneath, till the foundation of the frog is totally destroyed. It has been, and still is, too much the practice with the ignorant and illiterate, to oppose the efforts of Nature, instead of rendering her judicious and necessary assistance.Vitriolicsolutions,VERDIGREASE, andALUM, are the favouriteinfallibleswith the common farrier, the coachman, and the groom; but to those of more comprehensive minds, and complying dispositions, perfect cleansings, with sponge and water, followed by simple white wine vinegar, and compound tincture of myrrh, will be found sufficient, if properly persevered in.
TIRINGis so bad a quality in any horse, in fact, a circumstance so little likely to occur, that, when it does happen, (unless by some improper, cruel, or immoderate riding,) indisposition, or latent internal defect, may be naturally looked to as the particular cause. In all cases of this kind, bleeding, a cordial ball, a malt mash, and a little nursing, seem the only means most likely to promote a speedy restoration of strength and spirits.
is so bad a quality in any horse, in fact, a circumstance so little likely to occur, that, when it does happen, (unless by some improper, cruel, or immoderate riding,) indisposition, or latent internal defect, may be naturally looked to as the particular cause. In all cases of this kind, bleeding, a cordial ball, a malt mash, and a little nursing, seem the only means most likely to promote a speedy restoration of strength and spirits.
TOBY—was a horse of much recent celebrity as aRACER, and has since covered as aSTALLIONin some estimation. He was bred byMr. Bullock; was got byHighflyer, dam byMatchem. In 1789, when three years old, he won 100 guineas at Newmarket, 200 guineas at Epsom, and 1100 guineas at York, beating six others. In 1790, he beatEuphrosyneacross the flat at Newmarket for 500 guineas. The next Meeting he beat Sir W. Aston'sMarcia, the same Course, 200 guineas. In 1791, he did not start. In 1792, Craven Meeting, Newmarket, he again beatEuphrosynethe two year old course, 200 guineas. The next day but one, he won the great Oatlands Stakes of 100 guineas, fifty-six subscribers,half forfeit; beatingCoriander,Asparagus,Eager,Precipitate,Stride,Highlander,Buzzard,Rhadamanthus,Vermin,Turnip-Top, and nine others. The next Meeting he received 75 guineas forfeit fromAlderman, and 50 guineas fromExciseman; at the expiration of which season he was withdrawn from the turf, and advertized as a stallion, to cover racing maresgratis, and others at two guineas, and half a crown.
—was a horse of much recent celebrity as aRACER, and has since covered as aSTALLIONin some estimation. He was bred byMr. Bullock; was got byHighflyer, dam byMatchem. In 1789, when three years old, he won 100 guineas at Newmarket, 200 guineas at Epsom, and 1100 guineas at York, beating six others. In 1790, he beatEuphrosyneacross the flat at Newmarket for 500 guineas. The next Meeting he beat Sir W. Aston'sMarcia, the same Course, 200 guineas. In 1791, he did not start. In 1792, Craven Meeting, Newmarket, he again beatEuphrosynethe two year old course, 200 guineas. The next day but one, he won the great Oatlands Stakes of 100 guineas, fifty-six subscribers,half forfeit; beatingCoriander,Asparagus,Eager,Precipitate,Stride,Highlander,Buzzard,Rhadamanthus,Vermin,Turnip-Top, and nine others. The next Meeting he received 75 guineas forfeit fromAlderman, and 50 guineas fromExciseman; at the expiration of which season he was withdrawn from the turf, and advertized as a stallion, to cover racing maresgratis, and others at two guineas, and half a crown.
TOILS.—Park nets, of great strength and magnitude, are so called. They are used in taking deer alive, for removal from one park to another; or from his Majesty's parks to the hunting paddocks at Swinley Lodge, in Windsor Forest, for the purposes of the chase.
.—Park nets, of great strength and magnitude, are so called. They are used in taking deer alive, for removal from one park to another; or from his Majesty's parks to the hunting paddocks at Swinley Lodge, in Windsor Forest, for the purposes of the chase.
TONGUE.—The tongue of a horse is sometimes lacerated by the bit of the bridle being too narrow in the mouth-piece; as also by the frequentpetulantjerks of the rider. These, which are slight in the first instance, are occasionally repeated, till they become perfect cadaverous ulcers, with a slough (similar to a sitfast) in the middle of each. In cases of this description, the tongue should be held on one side, while the part is daily touched with a strongsolutionofboraxin water, till the slough is fallen off; when it may be soon cured with equal parts of honey and tincture of myrrh, well incorporated with each other.
.—The tongue of a horse is sometimes lacerated by the bit of the bridle being too narrow in the mouth-piece; as also by the frequentpetulantjerks of the rider. These, which are slight in the first instance, are occasionally repeated, till they become perfect cadaverous ulcers, with a slough (similar to a sitfast) in the middle of each. In cases of this description, the tongue should be held on one side, while the part is daily touched with a strongsolutionofboraxin water, till the slough is fallen off; when it may be soon cured with equal parts of honey and tincture of myrrh, well incorporated with each other.
TRACK—is the term used to imply thefootmarkof either man or beast; but, in the language of the field, it admits of some deviations. Wetracka man, a horse, an ox, or an ass; weslota deer; wefoota fox; and wepricka hare.
—is the term used to imply thefootmarkof either man or beast; but, in the language of the field, it admits of some deviations. Wetracka man, a horse, an ox, or an ass; weslota deer; wefoota fox; and wepricka hare.
TRAIL, or TRAILING,—appertains solely toHARE HUNTING; by which, in general, the hare is found andstartedfrom herform. Soon after hounds arethrown off, some one or more are quickly observed togive tongue; this the old and best hounds immediately attend to, and instantly join, which is calledtaking trail: but whether such trail arises from perspirative particles adhering to the line of her works during the night from her feet only, or whether it is produced from the lungs by transpiration,and only partially exhaled, is a matter that has never yet been satisfactorily ascertained. SeeScent.
,—appertains solely toHARE HUNTING; by which, in general, the hare is found andstartedfrom herform. Soon after hounds arethrown off, some one or more are quickly observed togive tongue; this the old and best hounds immediately attend to, and instantly join, which is calledtaking trail: but whether such trail arises from perspirative particles adhering to the line of her works during the night from her feet only, or whether it is produced from the lungs by transpiration,and only partially exhaled, is a matter that has never yet been satisfactorily ascertained. SeeScent.
When it was the custom formerly to take the field so soon as the horsemen could see to ride,trailwas the sure and certain means by which the hare was found: in a few minutes after the hounds were thrown off, a general clamour of trail ensued, and the inexpressible gratification of seeing all the clue of her night-work unravelled toa view, was sport much superior to a bad chase. Trail is of much less import now, when harriers (at least, in the centrical part of the kingdom) are seldom known to take the field before ten or eleven o'clock in the day, when the very slight and partial remains of trail can be but of small avail: the sole reliance now principally depends upon drawing over the ground most likely, according to the season, with the chance of having a hare found sitting, or the greater probability of her jumping up before them. The paltry custom offield moneyfor haresfound sitting, has very considerably warped the judgment from the sporting-like practice of finding the hare bytrailingup to her; for the huntsman and whipper-in having caught thepecuniaryinfection, are poking and prying in every bush, in a hope and eager expectation of obtaining a few shillings, instead of attending to their hounds.
TRAIN SCENTS,—formerly so called, but now more frequently termeddrags, are means by which young hounds may be first entered with old hounds; a body of hounds exercised upon heaths or commons, soon after dawn of day in the summer season: or bets may be decided upon the speed of either HOUNDS orHORSES, by means of suchdragortrain scent. They are of different kinds, and very few hounds will refuse to hunt them: when the scent lies well, the wind is still, and the atmosphere free from variation by storms or rain, they will carry itbreast high. The skin of hare or fox, newly killed; a slice of bacon, and a red herring firmly united; or either, plentifully impregnated withoilofaniseed; will lead hounds in full cry across any country over which the drag is directed.
,—formerly so called, but now more frequently termeddrags, are means by which young hounds may be first entered with old hounds; a body of hounds exercised upon heaths or commons, soon after dawn of day in the summer season: or bets may be decided upon the speed of either HOUNDS orHORSES, by means of suchdragortrain scent. They are of different kinds, and very few hounds will refuse to hunt them: when the scent lies well, the wind is still, and the atmosphere free from variation by storms or rain, they will carry itbreast high. The skin of hare or fox, newly killed; a slice of bacon, and a red herring firmly united; or either, plentifully impregnated withoilofaniseed; will lead hounds in full cry across any country over which the drag is directed.
TRAINING.—The process of training horses for theTURFwas formerly plain, simple, open, and free from mystery or ambiguity. Circumstances, however, are so altered, and fashions have so changed, that a training-stable exceeds insecrecythe inmost recesses of his Majesty's Councils, upon which the prosperity and peace of so great a nation entirely depend. A training-stable is, in the opinion of those who conduct them, the very summit of earthly dignity andimaginaryconsequence. The "insolence of office," so emphatically alluded to by our immortal bard, cannot with justice be better applied than to this immaculatemartofintegrity, this delectablehaven of sublime andunsulliedperfection. Those noblemen and gentlemen whose opulence and liberality command respect, are entitled to insure it; but it is frequently and publicly seen upon the common race course, that they aregratefullytreated by their own pampered and subordinateharpies, with the most consummate confidence, and upon many occasions (if their own judgments are opposed, or opinions thwarted) with the mostcontemptuousindifference. Thus it is even with the great and independent, who have no sooner relinquished their horses to the superintendance ofothers, than they have resigned theirfree agencyalso; and it becomes almost a crime to offeran opinion, or to aska question: the etiquette of professional secresy must by no means be assailed; and it is only as matter of favour, that a man can get a sight of hisownhorse, or obtainauthenticinformation of the real state of his condition: if the owner (unless he is ofthe family) presumes to obtrude a question, he will not be so likely to receive an unequivocal answer, as one of the mostdeminutivestable-boys.
.—The process of training horses for theTURFwas formerly plain, simple, open, and free from mystery or ambiguity. Circumstances, however, are so altered, and fashions have so changed, that a training-stable exceeds insecrecythe inmost recesses of his Majesty's Councils, upon which the prosperity and peace of so great a nation entirely depend. A training-stable is, in the opinion of those who conduct them, the very summit of earthly dignity andimaginaryconsequence. The "insolence of office," so emphatically alluded to by our immortal bard, cannot with justice be better applied than to this immaculatemartofintegrity, this delectablehaven of sublime andunsulliedperfection. Those noblemen and gentlemen whose opulence and liberality command respect, are entitled to insure it; but it is frequently and publicly seen upon the common race course, that they aregratefullytreated by their own pampered and subordinateharpies, with the most consummate confidence, and upon many occasions (if their own judgments are opposed, or opinions thwarted) with the mostcontemptuousindifference. Thus it is even with the great and independent, who have no sooner relinquished their horses to the superintendance ofothers, than they have resigned theirfree agencyalso; and it becomes almost a crime to offeran opinion, or to aska question: the etiquette of professional secresy must by no means be assailed; and it is only as matter of favour, that a man can get a sight of hisownhorse, or obtainauthenticinformation of the real state of his condition: if the owner (unless he is ofthe family) presumes to obtrude a question, he will not be so likely to receive an unequivocal answer, as one of the mostdeminutivestable-boys.
Themoralityand aggregate ofvirtuesso peculiarly appertaining to the profession, being placed in the back-ground of the picture; admitting in this, as in all others, that there are men of strict honor, and unsullied integrity, who do not deviate from the path of rectitude in private transactions; yet the broad road oftemptationis a dangeroustrack, and very few there are who are able to withstand it. It is a long-standing maxim, that "those who play at bowls must expect rubs:" so those who make the embarkation, must abide the consequence. Certain it is, that the business (or ratherart) ofTRAINING, was never before brought to its present pitch of perfection; but the expence is (with the collaterals attendant upon it) soenormous, that nothing but an immensity of wealth can stand against it. Training has of late years undergone many changes, and much refinement; but in none more than the early age at whichCOLTSandFILLIESare brought to thepost. Very far within the knowledge of the present generation, no colt was ever taken in hand till he was three years old to be made quiet for breaking; and he was never thought capable of being brought to the post for a racing contest, previous to some part of his fifth year. On the contrary, many are now taken in hand ateighteen monthsold; some few run a short match before they have attained the second year; more run when rising three: and plates, subscriptions, and sweepstakes, are common for three year olds from one extremity of the kingdom to the other.
This constantly increasing and invincible thirst for racing popularity, by which so many of the finest horses are crippled before they come to their prime, has constituted such a sterility, or drawback, upon the usual supplies for the chase, that the valueof even common hunting horses has increased beyond all former example. The present system of training is considered so truly scientific, that one general jealousy is known to prevail amongst its professors of every denomination: the same secresy which pervades one establishment, is, by the spirit of emulation, (or infection,) communicated to every other; and the hour that stimulates one stable lad to action, regulates the rest in every training-stable through the kingdom. The serjeant or corporal's guard in the best disciplined military garrison of his Majesty's dominions, cannot be more precise, more critically exact to time, than the training lads are to stable hours. At the first dawn of day, every somniferous sensation is shaken off, and each is in his stable by the time he has day-light sufficient to brush over his horse: this done, and the quantity of corn he is allowed consumed, the ceremony of exercise is proceeded upon, where his walking, galloping before and after water, take place, intimeanddistance, according to the age, state of flesh, and his condition; all which are nicely attended to, and his work proceeded upon in proportion. At his return, the dressings, leg rubbing, and every minute part of stable discipline, is regulated to a degree of admiration; when which is completed, the feeding over, and the stable set fair, silence prevails; the door is closed, and firmly secured; the horse being left free from every thing that can possibly afford disturbance; and this as much beforesix in the morning, as it can be accomplished according to the season of the year. A short ceremony of the same kind takes place about three hours after.TwelveatNOON, regular brushing over, feeding, and setting all fair, again take place; being then once more close locked tillFOUR, when thefirstceremony of the morning,air,exercise, andwater, are again repeated; the regular routine succeeds in the stable, which is closed as near to the hour ofsixas possible. When the perpetual prompter announces the hour of eight, it is the signal forracking up: this neatly and expeditiously performed, an early hour of rest is the invariable rule, that all parties may be the better enabled to enter upon the business of the morning.
Such is the diurnal ceremony of training; varying the length and speed of the morning gallops by the flesh, wind, substance and condition of the horse; with such interveningSweats(which see) as circumstances may justify, or render necessary; in all which, training grooms of the best judgment, and most industrious observation, are liable to err. Horses are seen totrain on, others totrain off; or, in plainer terms, some horses have great speed atthreeandfouryears old, who never make a display of any after; and many have made no promise in thefirstorsecondyear of their running, who afterwards became most capital racers. As a recent instance of this, reference may be made to "SirSolomon," which see. No small degree of penetration is necessary to ascertain when a horse is trained thenearestto the utmost point of hisSPEED; most horses areover trained, and are, of course, the likeliest to be beaten, or lamed, whenever they are brought into competition with a powerful opponent; who, by having beenlesstrained, ismoreabove his work; or, in other words, better adapted to difficulty, and a severe struggle for victory, should it happen to ensue.
TRAMMELS—are a collection of side and cross-lines, having leather loops at the ends, with which horses are trammelled for the operations ofnicking,docking,cropping, &c.
—are a collection of side and cross-lines, having leather loops at the ends, with which horses are trammelled for the operations ofnicking,docking,cropping, &c.
TRAMEL-NET—is a long and large net for taking birds by night with lights; a practice occasionally enjoyed by the lower class of rustics on a winter evening.
—is a long and large net for taking birds by night with lights; a practice occasionally enjoyed by the lower class of rustics on a winter evening.
TRAVELLER—has been a name of so much celebrity upon theTURF, that it cannot with propriety be omitted.Old Travellerwas a winner of a great many plates, and afterwards proved himself a stallion of much estimation: he was the sire ofSquirrel,Dainty Davy, the dam ofMorwick Ball, &c. &c. He was bred byMr. Osbaldeston, foaled in 1735, got byPartner, dam byAlmanzor, who was got byDarley'sArabian.
—has been a name of so much celebrity upon theTURF, that it cannot with propriety be omitted.Old Travellerwas a winner of a great many plates, and afterwards proved himself a stallion of much estimation: he was the sire ofSquirrel,Dainty Davy, the dam ofMorwick Ball, &c. &c. He was bred byMr. Osbaldeston, foaled in 1735, got byPartner, dam byAlmanzor, who was got byDarley'sArabian.
Young Travellerwas bred by Mr. Coatsworth, foaled in 1746, got byOld Traveller, dam byBartlet's Childers. The lastTravellerwas bred byMr. Hutchinson, foaled in 1785, and got byHighflyer, dam byHenricus, who was got byBlack and all Black. In 1789, when four years old, he beat a son ofOrpheusover New Malton, one mile and a half, for 100 guineas. Two days after, he won a sweepstakes of 10 guineas each over Malton, beating four others. The next day he won a 50l.Plate, beating three others. At York he won the Stand Plate of 50l.beatingCavendish,Spangle, and a son ofOrpheus. In the August York Meeting he won the City Plate of 50l.added to a subscription purse, beatingGustavus, andsixothers. He was then purchased by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales; and in the Houghton Meeting at Newmarket, beat the Duke of Bedford'sGrey Diomedover the Beacon Course for 500 guineas.
In 1790, Craven Meeting, Newmarket, he walked over the Duke's Course for a subscription of 50 guineas each, eight Subscribers,half forfeit. Second Spring Meeting, he beat Lord Grosvenor'sMeteor, over the Beacon Course, 500 guineas. Newmarket first Spring Meeting, 1791, he received 400 guineas forfeit fromMeteor, with whom he was matched for 1000 guineas over the Beacon. After which he was travelled long journies to the North, where meeting the most celebrated horses fresh upontheir own training-ground, he was repeatedly beat, but ran handsome. In 1792, first Spring Meeting, he received 100 guineas forfeit fromCavendish, and was withdrawn from the turf.
TREAD—is an injury sustained by one foot upon the other. SeeOver-reach.
—is an injury sustained by one foot upon the other. SeeOver-reach.
TRESPASS,—in its sporting signification, appertains only to such trespasses as may be committed in the pursuit of, or the attempt to, kill game. It has been decided by law, and is upon record, that a person,though qualified, cannot come upon another man's ground to kill game, without being liable to an action of trespass for so doing: and anunqualifiedperson for trespassing, shall pay full costs: but if he is legally qualified to kill game, and the damage shall be found under 40s.he shall in such case pay no moreCOSTSthandamages.
,—in its sporting signification, appertains only to such trespasses as may be committed in the pursuit of, or the attempt to, kill game. It has been decided by law, and is upon record, that a person,though qualified, cannot come upon another man's ground to kill game, without being liable to an action of trespass for so doing: and anunqualifiedperson for trespassing, shall pay full costs: but if he is legally qualified to kill game, and the damage shall be found under 40s.he shall in such case pay no moreCOSTSthandamages.
TRIAL.—It is a common and prudent custom with those engaged upon the turf, to ascertain as near as possible, some tolerable idea of the probable future speed of theirCOLTSandFILLIES, before they put themselves to the expence of general training, or too confidently presume to becomeSUBSCRIBERStolarge stakes, without at least a promising prospect of adequate qualifications. To acquire information so absolutely necessary for the regulation of future proceedings, there is only one sure and certaincriterion (admitting of no alternative) upon which reliance can be made to avoid deception. This is to obtain a confidential trial against some horse whose superiority upon the turf is established, and who has given ample and repeated proofs of his powers in public. Such trial obtained, a proper opinion may then be formed, how far it will be prudent and profitable to continue the horse so tried in training, or discontinue the intent of his appearance altogether.
.—It is a common and prudent custom with those engaged upon the turf, to ascertain as near as possible, some tolerable idea of the probable future speed of theirCOLTSandFILLIES, before they put themselves to the expence of general training, or too confidently presume to becomeSUBSCRIBERStolarge stakes, without at least a promising prospect of adequate qualifications. To acquire information so absolutely necessary for the regulation of future proceedings, there is only one sure and certaincriterion (admitting of no alternative) upon which reliance can be made to avoid deception. This is to obtain a confidential trial against some horse whose superiority upon the turf is established, and who has given ample and repeated proofs of his powers in public. Such trial obtained, a proper opinion may then be formed, how far it will be prudent and profitable to continue the horse so tried in training, or discontinue the intent of his appearance altogether.
Trials between horses of superior qualifications, preparatory to their being engaged in matches or stakes of magnitude, are always considered matters of great consideration, and for which the most serious preparations are made. Upon the issue of such trials, engagements are sometimes entered into, upon the termination of which, many thousands eventually depend. It is therefore matter of indispensible necessity, they should not only be run with the most energetic opposition, but that the superiority in speed should be fully and clearly ascertained. Trials of this description are always conduced with the utmost secresy; for the better preservation of which, they generally take place at the very dawn of day, so soon as the lads can see to ride with safety; and these trials are considered of so much consequence at Newmarket, that if any feeder, rider, groom, stable-lad, or any other person concerned, is known to discover the result, orshall be detected in watching trials himself, or procuring other persons so to do, he is dismissed the service of his master with every stigma of disgrace, and rendered incapable of being again employed by a Member of the Jockey Club in any capacity whatever. SeeJockey Club.
TRIPPING. A horse who goes near to the ground, is always subject totrippingagainst every little prominence or projection that happens to lie in his way. Many well-bred horses, exceedingly dull and indolent in awalk, overcome with ease all those trifling impediments, when put into a more enlivening and emulative action. This imperfection always displays itself most inslowpaces, which is one predominant reason why aDEALERis invariably anxious to let his horse, when shewn out, be seen in atrotor agallop. Horses excellent in their fast paces, are sometimesbadwalkers; but instances are very rare, where a good walker is deficient in superior qualifications. It is a remark justified by long and attentive observation, that most thorough-bred horses are sluggish stumbling walkers; they are therefore almost proverbially considered dull and dangerous roadsters.
. A horse who goes near to the ground, is always subject totrippingagainst every little prominence or projection that happens to lie in his way. Many well-bred horses, exceedingly dull and indolent in awalk, overcome with ease all those trifling impediments, when put into a more enlivening and emulative action. This imperfection always displays itself most inslowpaces, which is one predominant reason why aDEALERis invariably anxious to let his horse, when shewn out, be seen in atrotor agallop. Horses excellent in their fast paces, are sometimesbadwalkers; but instances are very rare, where a good walker is deficient in superior qualifications. It is a remark justified by long and attentive observation, that most thorough-bred horses are sluggish stumbling walkers; they are therefore almost proverbially considered dull and dangerous roadsters.
TROTTING—is one of the natural paces of a horse, which, in respect to speed, is wonderfully to be improved by constant practice; and it being a favourite pace with almost every horse of commondescription for the purposes of the road, they are observed to enjoy it, in proportion as they excel their companions or opponents, seemingly conscious of their own improvements. The qualifying points for a good trotter, are by no means precisely the same as those requisite to form a speedy and successful racer: the action introttinggreatly depends upon the bend of the knee, and the pliability of the joint above, and the joint below: racing is regulated by the geometrical expansion of the limbs, more materially dependent upon theshoulder, which is the perceptible fulcrum from whence the velocity of the animal is known to proceed.
—is one of the natural paces of a horse, which, in respect to speed, is wonderfully to be improved by constant practice; and it being a favourite pace with almost every horse of commondescription for the purposes of the road, they are observed to enjoy it, in proportion as they excel their companions or opponents, seemingly conscious of their own improvements. The qualifying points for a good trotter, are by no means precisely the same as those requisite to form a speedy and successful racer: the action introttinggreatly depends upon the bend of the knee, and the pliability of the joint above, and the joint below: racing is regulated by the geometrical expansion of the limbs, more materially dependent upon theshoulder, which is the perceptible fulcrum from whence the velocity of the animal is known to proceed.
Although trotting is admitted one of the natural paces of a horse, yet it will admit of great improvement, by the persevering exertions ofart. It is a long-standing remark, that "abutcheralways ridesa trotter;" and why is it? because they invariably make them so: they in general ride themno other pace: they all know they have the credit of "makingtrotters," and they are incessantly alive to the preservation of their professional reputation. That horses may be taught, by time and patience, to exceed their original trotting,twoorthreemiles anhour, is as certain, as that blood horses exceed their former speed a fulldistanceinfour milesby training. It is within the memory of many, thatfourteenmiles within an hour was thought excellent trotting, andfifteenwas considered a wonderfulperformance, all which is long since buried in oblivion, by the almost incredible exploits of the last few years.
Famous trotters have undoubtedly been produced from different parts of the kingdom; but Essex, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Norfolk, are said to have exceeded all others in their proportion; and this may probably with justice be attributed to those famous trotting stallions, "Old Shields," "Useful Cub," and "HueandCry," who principallycoveredthat scope of country. The celebrated trotterArcherwas descended fromOld Shields; he was a remarkably strong horse, master of fifteen stone, and the fastest trotting horse of his time; but was cruelly destroyed, by being inhumanly matched to trot upon the roadsixteen mileswithin the hour in the midst of a very severe frost: the poor persevering animal performed it in less thanfifty five minutes; but the violent concussions sustained by the body, and the battering upon the feet by the dreadfully hard state of the road, produced symptoms which soon put a period to his existence.
A brown mare, the last proprietor of whom wasMr. Bishop, trotted upon the Epsom road,sixteen milesin fifty-eight minutes and a half, carrying twelve stone; and it was then said to have been the first time that distance had ever been trotted within the hour. In 1791, being eighteen years old, shetrotted on the Essex road, sixteen miles in fifty-eight minutes and some seconds, beating a famous trotter of Mr. Green's for fifty pounds; and it was the opinion of the sporting parties concerned, that she would have trotted thirty miles within two hours; a distance which was actually trotted in two hours and ten minutes, by the celebrated chesnut mare of Mr. Ogden's. A grey mare, called theLocksmith's, trottedseventy-twomiles insix hours. In 1793, a grey mare, of Mr. Crocket's, trottedone hundredmiles intwelve hours, and had twenty minutes to spare. A five year old, son of youngPretender, (who was got byHueandCry,) trotted in Lincolnshire, sixteen miles in fifty-nine minutes, carrying fifteen stone.
In April, 1792, a bay gelding, calledSpider, and an old chesnut gelding, calledCartwright, near thirty years old, trotted thirty-two miles in two hours between Stilton and Cambridge.Spidertrotted the first twenty-four miles in one hour twenty-eight minutes and a half, and the old horse the remainder. It was supposed they could have trotted thirty-four miles within the time agreed on. In 1797, Mr. Dyson made a bet of 100 guineas with Mr. Fagg, that he would produce a mare which should trot upon the road between Cambridge and Huntingdonseventeenmiles withinthe hour: the experiment was made on the 7th of August in that year, and the mare lost byone minuteand four secondsonly. On the 13th of June, 1799, a trotting match was decided over Sunbury Common, between Mr. Dixon's brown gelding and Mr. Bishop's grey gelding, carrying twelve stone each, which was won by the former, having trotted the eight miles in twenty-seven minutes and ten seconds. Extraordinary as these performances have been, no less entitled to recital, is a bet made by Mr. Stevens, which was decided on the 5th of October, 1796, that he would produce a pair of horses, hisownproperty, that shouldtrot in a tandemfrom Windsor to Hampton Court, a distance ofsixteen miles, within the hour: notwithstanding the cross country road, and great number ofturnings, they performed it with ease in fifty-seven minutes and thirteen seconds.
TRUMPATOR,—the name of a horse whose performances on the turf insured him infinite opportunities of acquiring additional celebrity as aSTALLION, which he has now supported for twelve years, and is announced for the present season, 1803, at Clermont Lodge, near Brandon, Norfolk, at eight guineas each mare, and half a guinea the groom.Trumpatorwas bred byLord Clermont, foaled in 1782; got byConductor, out ofBrunette, who was got bySquirrel. The first of his get started in 1790, at two years old, and were both winners, under the names ofBlack Deuce, andYoung Peggy. In 1791,Trumpettaappeared atonly two years old, and won 200 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket; andYoung Peggy, then three years old, wonsevenstakes and matches at Newmarket. In 1792,Trumpetta, then three years old, won five prizes at Newmarket.Rally, only two years old, won 100 guineas and 50l.at the same place. This year appeared alsoGipsey,Misenus, and achesnut colt, the winners of six stakes at Newmarket. In 1793, nine of his get started, who were the winners oftwenty plates, matches and sweepstakes. In 1794,Aimator,Paynator,Repeator, and four others, were the winners oftwenty-oneprizes, when his reputation as a stallion became firmly established.
,—the name of a horse whose performances on the turf insured him infinite opportunities of acquiring additional celebrity as aSTALLION, which he has now supported for twelve years, and is announced for the present season, 1803, at Clermont Lodge, near Brandon, Norfolk, at eight guineas each mare, and half a guinea the groom.Trumpatorwas bred byLord Clermont, foaled in 1782; got byConductor, out ofBrunette, who was got bySquirrel. The first of his get started in 1790, at two years old, and were both winners, under the names ofBlack Deuce, andYoung Peggy. In 1791,Trumpettaappeared atonly two years old, and won 200 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket; andYoung Peggy, then three years old, wonsevenstakes and matches at Newmarket. In 1792,Trumpetta, then three years old, won five prizes at Newmarket.Rally, only two years old, won 100 guineas and 50l.at the same place. This year appeared alsoGipsey,Misenus, and achesnut colt, the winners of six stakes at Newmarket. In 1793, nine of his get started, who were the winners oftwenty plates, matches and sweepstakes. In 1794,Aimator,Paynator,Repeator, and four others, were the winners oftwenty-oneprizes, when his reputation as a stallion became firmly established.
In 1795 appeared ten winners of twenty-two prizes, amongst whom werePloughator,Oateater, andTrumpeter; the first and last of which were then only two years old. In 1796, thirteen of his produce started, and were the winners ofthirty-eightplates, matches, and sweepstakes. Of these,Aimatorwon 500 guineas, 400 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket.Didelot, the Prince's stakes, 100 guineas, six subscribers; and the Derby stakes of 50 guineas each,half forfeit, when eleven started; the rest paid.Hornpipewon five times at Newmarket, Epsom, Brighton, and Lewes.Paynatorwon 50l.100 guineas, the first class and main of the Oatlands Stakes at Newmarket.Repeator, seven plates, matches, and stakes, at Newmarket,Ipswich, Brighton, and Lewes.Spinettawon 200 guineas, and 50 guineas, at Newmarket.Spoliatorwon the King's Plate at Ipswich; 50l., 200 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket.True Blue, 80 guineas at Epsom, and 50l.at Ludlow.Trumpeter, three fifties, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket.
In 1797, ten of his get started, and were winners of sixteen prizes. In 1798, fifteen appeared, and were the winners of twenty-nine. In 1799, eighteen of his get started, and were winners of thirty three; amongst whomChippenham, then three years old, won 400 guineas, and 300 guineas, at Newmarket.Sorcerer, three years old, 100 guineas at Newmarket.Spoliatorwon six stakes and matches, all at Newmarket! andTrumpeterwon three at Newmarket, and one at Lewes. In 1800, nine started, who were the winners of twenty-five.Sorcerer, then four years old, won 100 guineas, 150 guineas, 50l., 200 guineas, and the October Oatlands, at Newmarket, and the King's Plate at Ipswich.Thais, only two years old, won 400 guineas at Brighton, 60 guineas at Egham, and 100 guineas at Newmarket; andTuneful, only three years old, won twice at Newmarket, and twice at Canterbury. In 1801 he seemed to have attained the zenith of celebrity; thirteen of his produce were the winners of forty-three plates, matches, and sweepstakes.Sorcererwon six at Newmarket, 50l.at Oxford, the King's Plate at Burford, and70 guineas at Lewes.Chippenhamwon six at Newmarket, and 50l.at Shrewsbury.Penelopeonly three years old, won five at Newmarket, and the King's Plate at Ipswich.Rebelwon 90 guineas at Bibury, two fifties at the same place, and the Petworth Stakes at Brighton. In 1802, twelve were the winners of forty-one prizes of different descriptions, of whichEdgarwon nine;Orange Flower, eight;Chippenham, five;Rebel, four;Pacificator, three; and the remainder two each; under which repetition of success, through so great a variety of channels, the blood of his progeny bids fair to stand in no unfavourable degree of estimation.
TUMOURS—are preternatural enlargements in any part of the body or extremities of a horse, occasioned by external injuries, or arising from internal causes, requiring different modes of treatment, according to appearances, or the means by which they have been produced. Swellings proceeding fromblows,bruises, and other accidents, are, in general, merely temporary, and submit to such cool repellents, and mild astringents, as are usually applied upon such occasions; but not submitting in a few days, a formation of matter may be suspected, and should expeditiously be promoted; for which purpose, fomentations, poultices, and patience, are the only aids required. See "Abcess," and "Strangles."
—are preternatural enlargements in any part of the body or extremities of a horse, occasioned by external injuries, or arising from internal causes, requiring different modes of treatment, according to appearances, or the means by which they have been produced. Swellings proceeding fromblows,bruises, and other accidents, are, in general, merely temporary, and submit to such cool repellents, and mild astringents, as are usually applied upon such occasions; but not submitting in a few days, a formation of matter may be suspected, and should expeditiously be promoted; for which purpose, fomentations, poultices, and patience, are the only aids required. See "Abcess," and "Strangles."
TUNNEL-NET—is a net for the taking of partridges by night, and principally in use with poachersonlyfor that purpose. This net is never less than fifteen feet in length, and about twenty inches deep; and is made with two wings; so that when they are extended, and fixed to the ground by the stakes prepared for the business, the net forms an angle, with the tunnel or flue in the middle. The covey of birds having been watched at the time of calling together in the evening, and known to be in the field, when the proper hour arrives, (which is seldom before eleven or twelve at night,) the net being previously and properly adjusted, a horse is employed in the process, led in hand by the principal ofthe firm, who has so nicean earto thechuckleof the partridges in running, that he is very seldom foiled in his intent of securing the whole in his net; and it is by thiswholesalemode of destruction, that even the most plentiful districts are sometimes suddenly cleared.
—is a net for the taking of partridges by night, and principally in use with poachersonlyfor that purpose. This net is never less than fifteen feet in length, and about twenty inches deep; and is made with two wings; so that when they are extended, and fixed to the ground by the stakes prepared for the business, the net forms an angle, with the tunnel or flue in the middle. The covey of birds having been watched at the time of calling together in the evening, and known to be in the field, when the proper hour arrives, (which is seldom before eleven or twelve at night,) the net being previously and properly adjusted, a horse is employed in the process, led in hand by the principal ofthe firm, who has so nicean earto thechuckleof the partridges in running, that he is very seldom foiled in his intent of securing the whole in his net; and it is by thiswholesalemode of destruction, that even the most plentiful districts are sometimes suddenly cleared.
TURF.—The turf, when used in a sporting sense, is intended to imply whatever appertains solely to the pleasure ofHORSE-RACING, without any collateral signification whatever; custom having established three concise terms, by which the distinct sports may be fully comprehended, and the intentional meaning perfectly understood. The "SOD" is known to be fully expressive ofcocking; the "FIELD," ofhunting; and the "TURF," ofracing; these being the admitted technical terms of the sporting world, to which none else make the least pretensions. The emulative and inspiring pleasures of the turf, like the ecstatic enjoyment of the chase, are too great in their temptation and attractions for the spirited part of mankind to resist. Replete as it is with that great variety which tends to diffuse a genial glow of conscious gratification in every countenance, bespeaking a sense of inexpressible happiness in those who engage in it as spectators only, how much is it to be regretted, that the speed and spirited endeavours of the most beautiful animal in the creation should be prostituted to the worst of purposes!
.—The turf, when used in a sporting sense, is intended to imply whatever appertains solely to the pleasure ofHORSE-RACING, without any collateral signification whatever; custom having established three concise terms, by which the distinct sports may be fully comprehended, and the intentional meaning perfectly understood. The "SOD" is known to be fully expressive ofcocking; the "FIELD," ofhunting; and the "TURF," ofracing; these being the admitted technical terms of the sporting world, to which none else make the least pretensions. The emulative and inspiring pleasures of the turf, like the ecstatic enjoyment of the chase, are too great in their temptation and attractions for the spirited part of mankind to resist. Replete as it is with that great variety which tends to diffuse a genial glow of conscious gratification in every countenance, bespeaking a sense of inexpressible happiness in those who engage in it as spectators only, how much is it to be regretted, that the speed and spirited endeavours of the most beautiful animal in the creation should be prostituted to the worst of purposes!
It can require no trumpet of fame to establish a fact so universally known, that theTURF, with the nocturnal amusement ofhazard, (which invariably follows it,) have, in conjunction, destroyed (or rather alienated) morePROPERTY, in the lastfiftyyears, than all thehurricaneswithin the same given time, from one extremity of the kingdom to the other. Numbers there are at this moment in existence, who formerly possessed their numerous studs, their landed estates, their magnificent mansions, with all the comforts, all the elegant gratifications of life, some of whom are to be found inprisons; others pining inobscurity, severely wounded, evenin spirit, by the barbed arrow of adversity; and a third part (by far the most numerous)living upon the liberality and hospitality of their kind and commiserating friends. But that so deep and desponding a shade may not cast too great a gloom over the picture for want of contrast, let the eye turn to an imaginary view of those likewiseliving, who, during the last thirty years of the fifty already alluded to, have risen from the verylowest classesof society, to a degree of opulence beyond every moderate conception; when a few moments of retrospection may serve to convince the ruminative observer, that, however largely theARTSandSCIENCESmay be admitted to have improved, they bear no proportion to the pecuniary improvements of theartseither upon theturfor at thegaming table. No man of unsullied honour, and strict integrity, can become successful, for any length of time, amidst ahordeof determineddepredators; experience having fully proved, that the most princely fortune cannot sustain itself against the stratagems of such villainous combinations.
TheTURF, in respect to its pleasures, pursued with prudence, and entered into with moderation, by those whose immense property will admit of its support, is certainly one of the most noble, exhilarating, and amusing gratifications in the long catalogue of human enjoyments; but, unfortunately, there is the same insatiate infection inambitionas inwealth, and neither one, more than the other, are ever to be satisfied. From this inordinate thirst of fame, thisfuror of fashion, this excess of inconsideracy, has recently arisenRACING STUDSof such rapacious enormity, that they have reduced to adegradedstate ofnecessity, many of the most opulent and most dignified individuals in his Majesty's dominions; to whom it must prove, upon thedowny pillowof repentant reflection, a most mortifying retrospection, that, notwithstanding thethousandsuponthousandsingulphed within thevortexof theTURF, there has been hardly an instance in which they have been enabled to become the guardians of their own honour, the protectors of their own property, or barely thought worthy of being entrusted with thesecretsof their own stables; for the subordinates in a training establishment have theircards to playas well as their superiors; and having skill enough, in the language of Tony Lumpkin in the comedy, "to manage their own affairs by therule of thumb," they do not omit to recollect the ancient axiom, that self-preservation is the first or most predominant law in nature.
The noblemen and gentlemen of the Jockey Club at Newmarket, have adopted every means, that superior wisdom could possibly devise, to restrain villainy, and reward integrity: but so long as human depravity shall have power to retain a seat within the heart; so long as thesecret bettingemoluments of thesubordinatesmay be more increased by deceptivelyopposing, than by promotingthe interest of theirEMPLOYERS; so long as a pail of water, a nauseating ball, or half a peck of corn, can be privately administered in the night, or a horse rode on the wrong side of the post by day; no man existing (however dignified his station, however benevolent his heart, however expanded his mind, and liberal his hand) must expect to see theTURFrise from its late public and well-known degradation, to a state of the so-much-wished-for perfection.
TUSHES.—The teeth so called in a horse, are the two above, and the two below, standing single behind the corner teeth of both the upper and the under jaw: these seldom make their appearance till the horse is four years old off, and attain their full growth at six. If these are examined when the horse is of that age, the inside will be found flat, with two grooves or channels running down to the gum; but when the horse is a few years older, those two are reduced toone; and soon after he has reached his twelfth year, even that is obliterated, leaving no other remaining certainty respecting age by the mouth. External appearances are, however, so numerous, by which a tolerable opinion may be formed, that good judges are seldom at a loss to decide with some degree of precision.
.—The teeth so called in a horse, are the two above, and the two below, standing single behind the corner teeth of both the upper and the under jaw: these seldom make their appearance till the horse is four years old off, and attain their full growth at six. If these are examined when the horse is of that age, the inside will be found flat, with two grooves or channels running down to the gum; but when the horse is a few years older, those two are reduced toone; and soon after he has reached his twelfth year, even that is obliterated, leaving no other remaining certainty respecting age by the mouth. External appearances are, however, so numerous, by which a tolerable opinion may be formed, that good judges are seldom at a loss to decide with some degree of precision.
TURNING-OUT—is of two kinds; one called a summer's, the other, a winter's run; a descriptionof which, with their expected and probable effects, will be found under the headsGrassandSoiling.
—is of two kinds; one called a summer's, the other, a winter's run; a descriptionof which, with their expected and probable effects, will be found under the headsGrassandSoiling.
VENOMOUS BITES—are sometimes sustained by horses and dogs; and become the more perplexing, in consequence of not knowing from whence the injury proceeds. Vipers, slow-worms, efts, horse-stingers, hornets, and wasps, seem to be nearly the whole tribe from which bites (or stings) of this description are received. The effect of either is much the same, as to inflammation, pain, and tension; but that the symptoms are not equally severe, being gradational in their degrees of violence, according to the individual by which the wound is inflicted. Of these the viper is by much the worst; for the vesicle in which the poisonous particles are contained, being seated upon the gum close to the insertion of the tooth, in the very act of biting, the vesicle is broken, and the venomous fluid at the same moment communicated to the wound. This is followed by excruciating pain, increasing inflammation, and various violent symptoms, in either man or beast. By way of immediate relief, bleeding is first premised, to unload thevessels, and take off the increasing stricture from the part: this, followed by an early application of theoilofvipers, is said to be infallible. Repeated experiments have proved the finestolive oilto be equally efficacious. The others, however painful at first, soon submit to repeated bathings with the strongest white wine vinegar, or a weak solution of sugar of lead.
—are sometimes sustained by horses and dogs; and become the more perplexing, in consequence of not knowing from whence the injury proceeds. Vipers, slow-worms, efts, horse-stingers, hornets, and wasps, seem to be nearly the whole tribe from which bites (or stings) of this description are received. The effect of either is much the same, as to inflammation, pain, and tension; but that the symptoms are not equally severe, being gradational in their degrees of violence, according to the individual by which the wound is inflicted. Of these the viper is by much the worst; for the vesicle in which the poisonous particles are contained, being seated upon the gum close to the insertion of the tooth, in the very act of biting, the vesicle is broken, and the venomous fluid at the same moment communicated to the wound. This is followed by excruciating pain, increasing inflammation, and various violent symptoms, in either man or beast. By way of immediate relief, bleeding is first premised, to unload thevessels, and take off the increasing stricture from the part: this, followed by an early application of theoilofvipers, is said to be infallible. Repeated experiments have proved the finestolive oilto be equally efficacious. The others, however painful at first, soon submit to repeated bathings with the strongest white wine vinegar, or a weak solution of sugar of lead.
VENERY, BEASTS of,—are little heard or spoken of, but in the code ofFOREST LAWSoriginally framed for the preservation ofvertandvenison. Beasts of venery (alias, beasts of forest) are the hart, hare, hind, boar, and wolf.
,—are little heard or spoken of, but in the code ofFOREST LAWSoriginally framed for the preservation ofvertandvenison. Beasts of venery (alias, beasts of forest) are the hart, hare, hind, boar, and wolf.
VERDERER—is a judicial officer of the King's Forest, elected (under his Majesty's writ) by a majority of votes in a convened county court of the shire in which the forest is; and there sworn before the sheriff, to keep and maintain the assizes and laws of the forest; and also to review, receive, and enrol, all the attachments and presentments of all manner of trespasses of the forest in respect to vert and venison.
—is a judicial officer of the King's Forest, elected (under his Majesty's writ) by a majority of votes in a convened county court of the shire in which the forest is; and there sworn before the sheriff, to keep and maintain the assizes and laws of the forest; and also to review, receive, and enrol, all the attachments and presentments of all manner of trespasses of the forest in respect to vert and venison.
The official department of a Verderer bears great similitude to that of a coroner, and in this particular respect; that as a coroner, upon the notice of a sudden or accidental death, (if attended with circumstances to render the inquisition necessary,) is totake a personal view of the body, and to make inquiry, upon the joint oaths of twelve men, how and by what means the person came by his or her death, and who and what was the occasion thereof; so it is the official duty of the Verderer to look after and view the beasts of the forest; for any of those being found hurt, wounded, or slain, upon notice given to the Verderer, he is to take a view of the same, and to cause a jury of twelve men to be summoned from the surrounding district, that an inquisition may be made to discover (if possible) how and by whom the said beast was hurt, wounded, or killed. The office of the Verderer at the Court of Attachments, is to sit there to see, hear and examine the attachments of the forest, both in vert and in venison, and to receive the same of the subordinate officers, or those who may attend to present them there, and then to enter them into their own rolls. SeeForest Laws.