"Concluded not completed," is the verdict of Carlyle upon one of his earlier studies, and "concluded not completed," conscience is certainly apt to mutter at the close of so necessarily inadequate a summary as this. Much of this inadequacy, it may fairly be confessed, is individual, yet a certain amount is also inherent in the very nature of the task itself. In no respect does this inadequacy press with a more penitential weight than in the case of those heroes whose names spring up at intervals along our pages, but which are hardly named before the grim necessities of the case force us onwards, and the hero and his doings are left behind.
Irish heroes, for one reason or another, have come off, it must be owned, but poorly before the bar of history. Either their deeds having been told by those in whose eyes they found a meagre kindness, or else by others who, with the best intentions possible, have so inflated the hero's bulk, so pared away his merely human frailties, that little reality remains, and his bare name is as much as even a well-informed reader pretends to be acquaintedwith. Comparing them with what are certainly their nearest parallels--the heroes and semi-heroes of Scotch history--the contrast strikes one in an instant, yet there is no reason in the nature of things that this should be. Putting aside those whose names have got somewhat obscured by the mists of the past, and putting aside those nearer to us who stand upon what is still regarded as debateable ground, there are no lack of Irish names which should be as familiar to the ear as those of any Bruce or Douglas of them all. The names of Tyrone, of James Fitzmaurice, of Owen Roe O'Neill, and of Sarsfield, to take only a few and almost at random, are all those of gallant men, struggling against dire odds, in causes which, whether they happen to fit in with our particular sympathies or not, were to them objects of the purest, most genuine enthusiasm. Yet which of these, with the doubtful exception of the last, can be said to have yet received anything like a fair meed of appreciation? To live again in the memory of those who come after them may not be--let us sincerely hope that it is not--essential to the happiness of those who are gone, but it is at least a tribute which the living ought to be called upon to pay, and to pay moreover ungrudgingly as they hope to have it paid to them in their turn.
Glancing with this thought in our minds along that lengthened chronicle here so hastily overrun, many names and many strangely-chequered destinies rise up one by one before us; come as it were to judgment, to where we, sitting in state as "Prince Posterity," survey the varied field, and judge them as in ourwisdom we think fit, assigning to this one praise, to that one blame, to another a judicious admixture of praise and blame combined. Not, however, it is to be hoped, forgetting that our place in the same panorama waits for another audience, and that the turn of this generation has still to come.
Adamnan, "Life of St. Columba" (trans.). Arnold (Matthew), "On the Study of Celtic Literature."
Bagwell, "Ireland under the Tudors." Barrington (Sir Jonah), "Personal Recollections," "Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation."Brewer, "Introduction to the Carew Calendar of State Papers." Bright (Rt. Hon. J.), "Speeches." Burke (Edmund), "Tracts on the Popery Laws," "Speeches and Letters."
Carlyle, "Letters and Speeches of Cromwell." Carew, "Pacata Hibernia." Cloncurry, "Life and Times of Lord Cloncurry." Clogy, "Life and Times of Bishop Bedell." Cornwallis Correspondence. Croker (Rt. Hon. W.), "Irish, Past and Present."
Davis (Thomas), "Literary and Historical Essays." Davies (Sir John), "A Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never Subdued."Dennis, "Industrial Ireland." Domenach (Abbé), "Larerte Erinn." Dymock (John), "A Treatise on Ireland." Duffy (Sir Charles Gavin), "Four Years of Irish History."
Essex, "Lives and Letters of the Devereux, Earls of."
Froude (J.A.), "History of England," "The English in Ireland."
Giraldus Cambrensis, "Conquest of Ireland," Edited by J. Dimock,Master of the Rolls Series, 1867;"Topography of Ireland," Edited by J. Dimock,Master of the Rolls Series, 1867.Green, "History of the English People." Grattan, "Life and Speeches of Rt. Hon. Henry Grattan."
Halliday, "Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin." Hennessy (Sir Pope), "Sir Walter Raleigh in Ireland." Hardiman, "History of Galway." Howth (Book of), from O'Flaherty's "Iar Connaught."
Joyce, "Celtic Romances."
Kildare (Marquis of), "The Earls of Kildare."
Lodge, "Desiderata Curiosa Hibernica." Lecky, "History of England in the Eighteenth Century," and "Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland."Leland, "History of Ireland."
Maine (Sir H.), "Early History of Institutions," "Village Communities, East and West."Max Müller's Lectures. M'Gee (T. Darcy), "History of Ireland." McGeoghegan, "History of Ireland." Mitchell (John), "History of Ireland." Montalembert, "Monks of the West." Murphy (Rev. Denis), "Cromwell in Ireland." Madden, "History of Irish Periodical Literature." McCarthy (Justin), "History of Our Own Times."
O'Connor (T.P.), "The Parnell Movement." O'Flaherty, "Iar Connaught."
Petty (Sir W.), "Political Anatomy of Ireland." Petrie (Dr.), "Round Towers of Ireland."Prendergast, "Tory War in Ulster," "The Cromwellian Settlements."
Richey (A.G.), "Lectures on the History of Ireland."
Smith (Goldwin), "Irish History and Irish Character." Spenser (Edmund), "View of the State of Ireland." Stokes (Miss), "Early Christian Architecture of Ireland." Stokes (Professor George), "Ireland and the Celtic Church."
Tone (Wolfe), "Autobiography."
Vere de (Aubrey), "Queen Meave and other Legends of the Heroic Age," and "Legends of St. Patrick,"
Walpole, "Kingdom of Ireland." Webb (Alfred), "Compendium of Irish Biography." Wilde (Sir W.), "Lough Corrib," and "The Boyne and the Blackwater."
Young (Arthur), "Tour in Ireland."
Abercromby, Sir Ralph,359Act of Supremacy,152Act of Uniformity,278Adamnan,43Adare,188Affane, battle of,183Aidan (Saint) and Irish monk,45Alcansar, battle of,184Allen, an Irish priest,184Allen, hill of,14Allen, John, Archbishop of Dublin,146Allen, the Fenian prisoner,406Andrews, Dean of Limerick,237Angareta, mother of Giraldus,78Angelsea, settlement of,67Anglo-Norman invasion,76Annals of Lough Cè,109Anselm (Saint), Archbishop of Canterbury,81Arctic hare, the,4Ard-Reagh, or Over-king,91Ardscul, battle of,108Arklow Head,93Armagh, Book of,33Armagh, cathedral of, burnt by Thorgist,55Armdu, a Viking,68Arran, isles of,38Art McMurrough, or Art Kavanagh,119;master of Leinster,119;has recourse to Black-rent,123;entertained by Richard II.,120;knighted,120;thrown into prison,120;released,120;he hastens to Meath,121;defeats the royal army,121;he again meets Richard II. in battle,121;victorious,123Ascendency, the Protestant,307Ashton, Sir Arthur, a royalist officer,261Askeaton, castle of,187;destroyed,188Association, Loyal National Repeal,386Attainder, Bill of, drawn and passed,287Athenry, battle of,110;enfeebled state,175Athlone, fortress of,104,292Athy, bridge of,128Aughrim, battle of,293Augustine (Saint),44D'Aguilar, Don Juan,215D'Avaux, Count, envoy to James II.,283
B
Baculum Cristatum, or Staff of St. Patrick,158Baggotrath, battle of,260Bagnall, Sir Henry,198;Tyrone marries his sister,201;becomes his enemy,201;he marches against Tyrone,204;he is shot,205;his army defeated,205;fort of Blackwater surrendered,205Ballinasloe, town of,293Baltimore, stronghold of pirates,127Baltinglass, Lord,189Bannockburn, battle of,108;its effects on Ireland,108Bannow, bay of, or "FitzStephen's stride,"83Barnabie FitzPatrick,157Barries descendants of Nesta,76Barri, Robert de,83Barrington's Bridge,107Barrymore, Lord,141Beare O'Sullivan,215Bedell, bishop of Kilmore,245Beltane, Celtic festival of 1st May,14Belgic, colony of,6Bellingham, Sir Edward,162Belrath, castle of,141Ben Edar, now Howth,17Benignus, first disciple of St. Patrick,35Benturb, battle of,255Bermingham, Sir John de, victor of Athenry,110,111Beresford, Chief Commissioner of Customs,351Bernard, Saint, of Clairvaux,81Betas, Celtic houses of hospitality,14Black-rent, use of,119,123,129Blackwater river,183;battle of,203Blaney, Mr., member for Monaghan,243Book of Aicill, Aryan law,25Book of Armagh,33Book of Howth, the,140Borough, Lord, deputy,203Boulter, Archbishop of Armagh,304,320Boyle, primate,280Boyne, battle of the,288Bramhall, primate,277"Brass Band,"403Brehons, judges or law makers,19,25Brian Boru, or Boruma,60,61;he defeats the Danes,61;seizes throne of Cashel,63;over-runs Leinster,63;subdues Ossory,63;attacks Meath,63;burns the stronghold of Tara,63;becomes Ard-Reagh in Malachy's place,63;he is called Brian of the Tribute,64;he becomes master of Ireland,64;his victory at Clontarf,66;he marches against Brodar,68,69;is killed,69;mourned and buried,69,70.Bridget (Saint),47;sacred fire of,47Brodar, a Viking,66;killed Brian,67Brown, Archbishop of Meath,159;deprived,161Bruce, Edward, in Ireland,107;battle of Bannockburn,108;its effects,108;Bruce lands at Carrickfergus,108;defeats Richard de Burgh,108;defeats Sir Edmund Butler at Ardscul,108;victorious at Kells,108;meets his brother,108;is crowned king,109;devastates the country,109;defeated and killed at Dunkalk,110Bruce, King Robert of Scotland,108Burren, district of the, in North Clare,269Burgh, Sir William FitzAldelm de,103Burgundy, Duchess of, 132,136Burke, Edmund,330Burke, Mr. Thomas, murder of,411
C
Calvagh O'Donnell,167Camden, Lord (Lord-Lieutenant),359Campion, historian, the,125Carew, Sir George,213,215,216,226Carew, Sir Peter,178;his atrocities,178Carey, James, the informer,412Carhampton, Lord,358Carle Canuteson,67Carlow,154Carneg, rock of,84Carnot,355Catholic Confederacy,249Catholic Relief Bill carried,381Cashel, Synod of,92Castlehaven,215Castlereagh, Lord, Chief Secretary,370Caulfield, Lord, Governor of Charlemont,243Cavan, Lord,365Cavendish, Lord Frederick, murdered,411Cerd or Nuad of "the Silver hand,"9Charlemont, Lord,330Charles I., accession,231;he sends Strafford to Ireland,231,235,238;his death,279Chester Castle, attack on, projected,405Chesterfield, Lord, Lord-Lieutenant,344Claims, Court of,275Clan Naim,17Clann Dichin, a malediction,20Clanricarde, Earl of,105Clarence, Lionel, Duke of,114Cliach, plains of,14Clocthech, round towers of,56Clogher, Bishop of,241Clonard, town of,47Clonmacnois, high altar at,47Clonmel,262Clontarf, battle of, 71,74;strand of,66Clyn, Franciscan historian,109Cole, Dean of St. Paul's, story of,163Cole, Sir William, Governor of Enniskillen,243Coleraine,243Colkilla, hill of,14Colman, Bishop,46Columba (Saint), born,43;his character,42,43;he leaves Ireland,43;visits Scotland,43;and Iona,44Connaught, landowner's case of,230Connaught, treaty of,103Connemara, anciently Iar Connaught,8Conciliation Hall,386Confederates, Young Irelanders,395Con O'Neill (Earl of Tyrone)154Cong, plains of,7Conyers, Clifford, Sir, Governor of Connaught,209Cooke, Under-Secretary of State,351Coote, Sir Charles,244,246,273Cork, town of,119Cormac, MacArt,23Cormac O'Conn, King,11Cornwallis, Marquis, Lord-Lieutenant,365Corrib Lough,104Cowper, Lord,411"Coyne and livery,"183Croagh Patrick, mountain of,34Crofty, hill of,247Crom a Boo, war cry of the Fitzgeralds,138Cromwell, Henry, Lord-Lieutenant,76Cromwell in Ireland,261;he takes Drogheda,261;Wexford,262;Kilkenny,262;Clonmel,262;his army sickens,263;Ireland under his rule,264;the struggle continues,264;Limerick and Galway yield at last,264;close of civil war,265;his methods,266;Catholic evictions,267;his treatment of Sir Phelim O'Neill, Lord Mayo, and Lord Muskerry,267;his death,272Crint, or stringed harp,52Cruachan, mountain of,35Curragh of Kildare,14
D
Danaans, tribe of,8Danes,53Danes, Dublin,67Danes of Limerick,58-61Dangen, ancient name of Phillipstown,162Dashda, or Druid chieftain,53Davis, John, Sir,95-117;he is elected Speaker,227;quarrel which followed,227,228Davis, Thomas (poet),290Davitt, Michael, Mr.,409Declaration of Rights by Grattan,320Declaratory, Act of George I.,322"Defenders," Association of,345Delvin, Lord,191Dermot McMurrough, King of Leinster,83Derry, town of,171Desmond, Earl of, taken to London,176;vacillates about rebelling,185;his death,192Desmond-Sugane or Straw, Earl of,200Dillon, Mr.,391Donald, Chief of Ossory,90Donegal, chapels in,43Donore, hill of,280Douchad, son of O'Brien,74.Dowdal, Archbishop of Armagh,159Downpatrick, town of,99Drapier Papers by Swift,317Drogheda, Parliament of,138Drogheda, taken by Cromwell,261Dublin Castle,240;plot to seize it,241;frustrated,242Dublin, Philosophical Association of,311Dublin, Society of,311Duffy, Sir Charles Gavin,390Dundalk, battle of,110Dungannon, Matthew, Baron of,165Dunsany, Lord,247