[6]Pronounced Al-e-ut.
Pronounced Al-e-ut.
[7]These books and letters were brought by Resanof in the “Nedeshda,” and upon reaching Kodiak Resanof established the library at that place. It was afterward removed to Sitka, probably by Baranof when he changed the chief factory to that place in 1807. After the United States took possession the library disappeared, whether taken to Russia or left in Sitka does not appear, but the books were likely left in Sitka and gradually disappeared through theft in the years when there was no custodian of such property.
These books and letters were brought by Resanof in the “Nedeshda,” and upon reaching Kodiak Resanof established the library at that place. It was afterward removed to Sitka, probably by Baranof when he changed the chief factory to that place in 1807. After the United States took possession the library disappeared, whether taken to Russia or left in Sitka does not appear, but the books were likely left in Sitka and gradually disappeared through theft in the years when there was no custodian of such property.
[8]The “Neva” was long identified with the affairs of the colony. Bought in England for the first Russian expedition round the world, Captain Lisianski reached Sitka in time for her to participate in the driving of the Indians from their fortifications. She returned to Russia later to be sailed to the colony in 1810, and was on her third voyage at the time of her loss.
The “Neva” was long identified with the affairs of the colony. Bought in England for the first Russian expedition round the world, Captain Lisianski reached Sitka in time for her to participate in the driving of the Indians from their fortifications. She returned to Russia later to be sailed to the colony in 1810, and was on her third voyage at the time of her loss.
[9]Golofnin, Voyage of the Sloop “Kamchatka,” in Mat. Pt. 4, p. 103.
Golofnin, Voyage of the Sloop “Kamchatka,” in Mat. Pt. 4, p. 103.
[10]Lutke: Voyages. Mat. Pt. 4, p. 147.
Lutke: Voyages. Mat. Pt. 4, p. 147.
[11]The tows were large pieces of native copper from the Copper River hammered out flat by the natives. These were carried in front of the chiefs by slaves who beat them like gongs.
The tows were large pieces of native copper from the Copper River hammered out flat by the natives. These were carried in front of the chiefs by slaves who beat them like gongs.
[12]In the church records appears the entry: “Died, August 27, 1832, Naval Captain of the 1st Rank and Cavalier Baron Ferdinand Wrangell’s daughter–Mary.” There is also to be found: “Died, December 29th, 1839, Priest Vasili Michaeloff Ocheredin, 23 years old.”
In the church records appears the entry: “Died, August 27, 1832, Naval Captain of the 1st Rank and Cavalier Baron Ferdinand Wrangell’s daughter–Mary.” There is also to be found: “Died, December 29th, 1839, Priest Vasili Michaeloff Ocheredin, 23 years old.”
[13]Narrative of a Voyage Round the World, 1836-1842, by Captain Sir Edward Belcher, Vol. 1, pages 95 et seq.
Narrative of a Voyage Round the World, 1836-1842, by Captain Sir Edward Belcher, Vol. 1, pages 95 et seq.
[14]Frederick Schwatka, the explorer, seems to have been one of the first to put the story in print, which he did in the early eighties. It appeared in the Alaska News, a newspaper of Juneau, on December 24th, 1896, and the time is fixed as being in the administration of Baron Wrangell. In 1891 Hon. Henry E. Hayden published it in verse in a small volume printed at Sitka. John W. Arctander, in his Lady in Blue, elaborates it to a small volume and ascribes it to Etolin’s time.There is a strange fact which gives some color to the story. In the Russian American Company’s Archives now on file in the State Department, Washington, D. C., under date of September 23rd, 1833, a letter from St. Petersburg refers to a report of Baron Wrangell of November 30, 1831, which reported the death of under officer Paul Buikof, and implicating one Col. Borusof. Unfortunately the records of 1831 are missing and so the report cannot be had. Baron Wrangell’s daughter, Mary, died during his stay in Sitka.
Frederick Schwatka, the explorer, seems to have been one of the first to put the story in print, which he did in the early eighties. It appeared in the Alaska News, a newspaper of Juneau, on December 24th, 1896, and the time is fixed as being in the administration of Baron Wrangell. In 1891 Hon. Henry E. Hayden published it in verse in a small volume printed at Sitka. John W. Arctander, in his Lady in Blue, elaborates it to a small volume and ascribes it to Etolin’s time.
There is a strange fact which gives some color to the story. In the Russian American Company’s Archives now on file in the State Department, Washington, D. C., under date of September 23rd, 1833, a letter from St. Petersburg refers to a report of Baron Wrangell of November 30, 1831, which reported the death of under officer Paul Buikof, and implicating one Col. Borusof. Unfortunately the records of 1831 are missing and so the report cannot be had. Baron Wrangell’s daughter, Mary, died during his stay in Sitka.
[15]Between 1821 and 1862 there were shipped by the Russian American Company, from Alaska, 51,315 sea-otter, 831,396 fur-seal, 319,514 beaver, 291,655 fox. Fur-Seal Arbitration, Vol. 2, p. 127 (Washington, Government Printing Office).
Between 1821 and 1862 there were shipped by the Russian American Company, from Alaska, 51,315 sea-otter, 831,396 fur-seal, 319,514 beaver, 291,655 fox. Fur-Seal Arbitration, Vol. 2, p. 127 (Washington, Government Printing Office).
[16]“For the largest deer, which weighs about four poods, five sazhens of calico are paid; for a duck, a quid of tobacco; for a goose, two quids; fish priced according to size all according to price list established by the commander of the post of New Archangel.” Russkie na Vostochnom Okean (Russians on the Eastern Ocean), by A. Markof, St. Petersburg, 1856.
“For the largest deer, which weighs about four poods, five sazhens of calico are paid; for a duck, a quid of tobacco; for a goose, two quids; fish priced according to size all according to price list established by the commander of the post of New Archangel.” Russkie na Vostochnom Okean (Russians on the Eastern Ocean), by A. Markof, St. Petersburg, 1856.
[17]Hunters who disposed of their furs to an English shipmaster were arrested and sent to Siberia. Russian American Archives. Corr. Vol. I, p. 275. In January of 1820 Muravief was ordered to watch certain officers of a ship who were suspected of trading for furs on their own account. Id. Vol. 2, p. 38.
Hunters who disposed of their furs to an English shipmaster were arrested and sent to Siberia. Russian American Archives. Corr. Vol. I, p. 275. In January of 1820 Muravief was ordered to watch certain officers of a ship who were suspected of trading for furs on their own account. Id. Vol. 2, p. 38.
[18]The mill on Sawmill Creek was located in the gorge below where the dam is situated which provides the power for the present light plant of the town. The timbers of the old mill were removed in 1916 to make way for the building of the present improvement.
The mill on Sawmill Creek was located in the gorge below where the dam is situated which provides the power for the present light plant of the town. The timbers of the old mill were removed in 1916 to make way for the building of the present improvement.
[19]Golobokoe Lake was sounded to a depth of 190 fathoms by the Russians. Materialui, Pt. 3, p. 48.
Golobokoe Lake was sounded to a depth of 190 fathoms by the Russians. Materialui, Pt. 3, p. 48.
[20]Obzor Russkikh Colonii iv Syevernoe-Amerika, Survey of the Russian Colonies in North America, by Captain-Lieutenant P. N. Golovin, pp. 72-73.
Obzor Russkikh Colonii iv Syevernoe-Amerika, Survey of the Russian Colonies in North America, by Captain-Lieutenant P. N. Golovin, pp. 72-73.
[21]Their names and dates of holding office are as follows:Alexander Andreevich Baranof, 1790 to January 11, 1818.Leonti Andreanvich Hagemeister, Jan. 11, 1818, to Oct. 24, 1818.Semen Ivanovich Yanovski, Oct. 24, 1818, to Sept. 15, 1820.Matvei Ivanovich Muravief, Sept. 15, 1820, to Oct. 14, 1825.Peter Egorovich Chistiakof, Oct. 14, 1825, to June 1st, 1830.Baron Ferdinand Von Wrangell, June 1st, 1830, to Oct. 29, 1835.Ivan Antonovich Kupreanof, Oct. 29, 1835, to May 25, 1840.Adolf Karlovich Etolin, May 25, 1840, to July 9, 1845.Michael Dmitrevich Tebenkof, July 9, 1845, to Oct. 14, 1850.Nikolai Yakovlevich Rosenberg, Oct. 14, 1850, to March 31, 1853.Alexander Ilich Rudakof, March 31, 1853, to April 22, 1854.Stephen Vasili Voevodski, April 22, 1854, to June 22, 1859.Ivan Vasilivich Furuhelm, June 22, 1859, to Dec. 2, 1863.Prince Dmitri Maksoutof, Dec. 2, 1863, to Oct. 18, 1867.
Their names and dates of holding office are as follows:
Alexander Andreevich Baranof, 1790 to January 11, 1818.Leonti Andreanvich Hagemeister, Jan. 11, 1818, to Oct. 24, 1818.Semen Ivanovich Yanovski, Oct. 24, 1818, to Sept. 15, 1820.Matvei Ivanovich Muravief, Sept. 15, 1820, to Oct. 14, 1825.Peter Egorovich Chistiakof, Oct. 14, 1825, to June 1st, 1830.Baron Ferdinand Von Wrangell, June 1st, 1830, to Oct. 29, 1835.Ivan Antonovich Kupreanof, Oct. 29, 1835, to May 25, 1840.Adolf Karlovich Etolin, May 25, 1840, to July 9, 1845.Michael Dmitrevich Tebenkof, July 9, 1845, to Oct. 14, 1850.Nikolai Yakovlevich Rosenberg, Oct. 14, 1850, to March 31, 1853.Alexander Ilich Rudakof, March 31, 1853, to April 22, 1854.Stephen Vasili Voevodski, April 22, 1854, to June 22, 1859.Ivan Vasilivich Furuhelm, June 22, 1859, to Dec. 2, 1863.Prince Dmitri Maksoutof, Dec. 2, 1863, to Oct. 18, 1867.
[22]The Russian soldiery were dressed in a dark uniform, trimmed with red, with glazed caps. The United States troops appeared in the usual full dress.Of American ladies, six were present: the wives of General Davis, Colonel Weeks, Capt. Wood, and Rev. Mr. Rainier, of the “John L. Stevens,” the wife of Mr. Dodge, Collector of the Port, and the wife of Captain MacDougall, of the “Jamestown.” Six Russian ladies were also present: the Princess Maksoutoff, the wife and daughter of Vice-Governor Gardsishoff, and three whose names I do not know. H. Ex. Doc. No. 177, 40th Cong. 2nd Sess., p. 72.
The Russian soldiery were dressed in a dark uniform, trimmed with red, with glazed caps. The United States troops appeared in the usual full dress.
Of American ladies, six were present: the wives of General Davis, Colonel Weeks, Capt. Wood, and Rev. Mr. Rainier, of the “John L. Stevens,” the wife of Mr. Dodge, Collector of the Port, and the wife of Captain MacDougall, of the “Jamestown.” Six Russian ladies were also present: the Princess Maksoutoff, the wife and daughter of Vice-Governor Gardsishoff, and three whose names I do not know. H. Ex. Doc. No. 177, 40th Cong. 2nd Sess., p. 72.
[23]On the lowering of the Russian ensign it caught in the halyards and a sailor was sent aloft to release it. He tore it loose and flung it down on the bayonets of the Russian soldiery.
On the lowering of the Russian ensign it caught in the halyards and a sailor was sent aloft to release it. He tore it loose and flung it down on the bayonets of the Russian soldiery.
[24]On December 14, 1807, the Russian ship “Czaritza,” sailed for Russia, via London, with 168 passengers. January 1, 1868, the Russian ship “Cyane” cleared for Novgorod, Asia, with 69 soldiers of the garrison on board. November 30, 1868, the Russian ship “Winged Arrow,” went to Kronstadt, but there is no record of the passengers. April 24th, 1868, the American steamer “Alexander” took special clearance for Nikolofski, Asia, to touch at all the posts along the Alaskan coasts to close up the business of the Russian American Company. Customs Records of Alaska, Record of Clearances.The ship “Winged Arrow” sailed on December 8th, 1868, for St. Petersburg, taking over 300 persons. Seattle Intelligencer, January 11, 1869. This is the same voyage as the one above under the clearance of November 30th.
On December 14, 1807, the Russian ship “Czaritza,” sailed for Russia, via London, with 168 passengers. January 1, 1868, the Russian ship “Cyane” cleared for Novgorod, Asia, with 69 soldiers of the garrison on board. November 30, 1868, the Russian ship “Winged Arrow,” went to Kronstadt, but there is no record of the passengers. April 24th, 1868, the American steamer “Alexander” took special clearance for Nikolofski, Asia, to touch at all the posts along the Alaskan coasts to close up the business of the Russian American Company. Customs Records of Alaska, Record of Clearances.
The ship “Winged Arrow” sailed on December 8th, 1868, for St. Petersburg, taking over 300 persons. Seattle Intelligencer, January 11, 1869. This is the same voyage as the one above under the clearance of November 30th.
[25]If we may believe the current reports of the time, the military occupation of Sitka was anything but a happy time for the civil inhabitants, especially the Russians who remained. See Colyer’s Report, Ex. Doc. H. R. 41st Cong. 2nd Ses., p. 1030; Seattle Intelligencer, December 14th. 1868; The Victoria Colonist, et al.
If we may believe the current reports of the time, the military occupation of Sitka was anything but a happy time for the civil inhabitants, especially the Russians who remained. See Colyer’s Report, Ex. Doc. H. R. 41st Cong. 2nd Ses., p. 1030; Seattle Intelligencer, December 14th. 1868; The Victoria Colonist, et al.
[26]Annahootz, the friend of the whites, married his 13th wife. Afterward becoming blind and decrepit he starved himself to death. See Sitka Alaskan, February 6, 1890.Katlean still lives at Sitka and may often be seen on the streets of the town.
Annahootz, the friend of the whites, married his 13th wife. Afterward becoming blind and decrepit he starved himself to death. See Sitka Alaskan, February 6, 1890.
Katlean still lives at Sitka and may often be seen on the streets of the town.
[27]The population of Sitka in 1818 was: Russian, 190; Creoles, 72; Aleuts, 173 of males, and female 185; of Russian and Creole, total, 620. Materialui, pt. 3, p. 20.January 1, 1825, there were: Russians, 309; Creoles, 58; Aleuts, 33. Total, 400. Ib. p. 52.In April, 1880, citizens by birth, 92; citizens by naturalization, 123; citizens by treaty, 229. Total, 444. Beardslee’s Report, 47th Cong. Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 71, p. 34. In this census are many names well known in Alaska by the “Old Timers,” as: A. T. Whitford, John G. Brady, N. A. Fuller, M. Travis, Edward DeGroff, S. Sessions, R. Willoughby, M. P. Berry, A. Cohen, Miss P. Cohen, Miss H. Cohen, Ed. Bean, D. Ackerman, A. Milletich, P. T. Corcoran, L. Caplin, Pierre Erussard, Ed. Doyle, George E. Pilz, Nicholas Haley, John McKenna, Reub Albertson, John Olds and others.
The population of Sitka in 1818 was: Russian, 190; Creoles, 72; Aleuts, 173 of males, and female 185; of Russian and Creole, total, 620. Materialui, pt. 3, p. 20.
January 1, 1825, there were: Russians, 309; Creoles, 58; Aleuts, 33. Total, 400. Ib. p. 52.
In April, 1880, citizens by birth, 92; citizens by naturalization, 123; citizens by treaty, 229. Total, 444. Beardslee’s Report, 47th Cong. Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 71, p. 34. In this census are many names well known in Alaska by the “Old Timers,” as: A. T. Whitford, John G. Brady, N. A. Fuller, M. Travis, Edward DeGroff, S. Sessions, R. Willoughby, M. P. Berry, A. Cohen, Miss P. Cohen, Miss H. Cohen, Ed. Bean, D. Ackerman, A. Milletich, P. T. Corcoran, L. Caplin, Pierre Erussard, Ed. Doyle, George E. Pilz, Nicholas Haley, John McKenna, Reub Albertson, John Olds and others.
[28]Governors of Alaska who made their residence at Sitka:John H. Kinkead, of Nevada, appointed July 4, 1884.Alfred P. Swineford, of Michigan, appointed May 8, 1885.Lyman E. Knapp, of Vermont, appointed April 32, 1889.James Sheakley, of Alaska, appointed June 28, 1893.John G. Brady, of Alaska, appointed June 23, 1897.
Governors of Alaska who made their residence at Sitka:
John H. Kinkead, of Nevada, appointed July 4, 1884.Alfred P. Swineford, of Michigan, appointed May 8, 1885.Lyman E. Knapp, of Vermont, appointed April 32, 1889.James Sheakley, of Alaska, appointed June 28, 1893.John G. Brady, of Alaska, appointed June 23, 1897.
[29]“The United States District Court, established by the Act of May 17th, 1884, was formerly organized on the 4th day of November of that year in a room set apart for the use of the court in the old barracks building at Sitka, the following officers being present: Ward McAllister, Jr., Judge; Andrew T. Lewis, Clerk of the Court; Munson C. Hillyer, U. S. Marshal; Edward W. Haskett, District Attorney.“On the same day John F. McLean, an officer connected with the signal service, and Major M. P. Berry, a veteran of the Civil and Mexican wars, were admitted to the bar, as well as District Attorney Haskett. These three gentlemen comprised the Alaska Bar of Attorneys until June 20th, 1885, when Mr. John G. Held was added to the roll and in the month of October, 1885, Willoughby Clark, John F. Maloney, R. D. Crittenden, and John G. Brady were admitted.” Alaska Bar Association and Sketch of the Judiciary, by Arthur K. Delaney.
“The United States District Court, established by the Act of May 17th, 1884, was formerly organized on the 4th day of November of that year in a room set apart for the use of the court in the old barracks building at Sitka, the following officers being present: Ward McAllister, Jr., Judge; Andrew T. Lewis, Clerk of the Court; Munson C. Hillyer, U. S. Marshal; Edward W. Haskett, District Attorney.
“On the same day John F. McLean, an officer connected with the signal service, and Major M. P. Berry, a veteran of the Civil and Mexican wars, were admitted to the bar, as well as District Attorney Haskett. These three gentlemen comprised the Alaska Bar of Attorneys until June 20th, 1885, when Mr. John G. Held was added to the roll and in the month of October, 1885, Willoughby Clark, John F. Maloney, R. D. Crittenden, and John G. Brady were admitted.” Alaska Bar Association and Sketch of the Judiciary, by Arthur K. Delaney.
[30]The first church in Alaska was built at Kodiak (Paulovski) in 1795, the next at Unalaska soon after, and the third at Sitka in 1817.
The first church in Alaska was built at Kodiak (Paulovski) in 1795, the next at Unalaska soon after, and the third at Sitka in 1817.
Click for larger imageMAP OF SITKA–OCTOBER, 1867
MAP OF SITKA–OCTOBER, 1867