Independence, Declaration of,248-252Independence Hall, in Pennsylvania,252Independence of United States, acknowledged by France,272acknowledged by George III.,322In´dī-a, search for northwest passage to,35,38,80,94,103,105India, Vasco da Gama reaches,61In´dī-an Ocean, Vasco da Gama sails across,61Indian raids,286-288Indian wars, first in New England,133French and Indian,198-213King Philip's,138-140Pequot,132,133Pontiac,214with Virginia,153,154In´dī-anş, aid British in Revolutionary War,266aid French against English settlers,184,185as farmers,17attack Boonesboro,289-292attack colonists,111,139,143,158attack Northmen,29barbarous,17,18Captain Smith with,89-94characteristics of,14clans of,19conflict with Spaniards,76-78conquered by Standish,123conversion of,176cruelty of,286Eliot translates Bible for,126fortresses of,21,22friendly with Pilgrims,114,118Gen. Sullivan punishes,287hired by British,286in Mexico conquered,66mode of life,15,16named by Columbus,48Penn's treaty with,148,149Pequot,132Pueblo,102pursuits of,15religion of,19sold as slaves,55Southern,21,22In´dĭ-go, cultivated in Carolina,163In-sur´ance Company, first in Philadelphia,205Ire´land, potatoes introduced into,85Ĭr-o-quois´ (Five Nations), at war with Algonquins,175attack of,184Īr´ving, Washington, Tales of,146Iş-a-bel´la, Queen of Spain, aids Columbus,43,44death of,59Isabella, colony at,54Ja-māi´ca, Columbus discovers,55James, Duke of York, land grant to,142James, Duke of York, orders surrender of New Amsterdam,145James I., imprisons Raleigh,87makes Virginia a royal province,154sends presents to Powhatan,93James II., appoints Andros,167dethroned,168sends prisoners to Virginia,160,161James River, named,87James´town, burned,159Captain Smith governs,92,93colony founded at,87,105Dale governs,97first English city in United States,93House of Burgesses at,101seized by rebels,158slavery in,101starvation time in,96Ja-păn´, location of, on early maps,39traders seek new road to,35Jäs´per, Sergeant, killed,298rescues American flag,248Jěf'fer-son, Thomas, draws up Declaration of Independence,250John II., King of Portugal,39names Cape of Good Hope,42John´son, British colonel,285Joliet (zho-le-ā´), explorations of,177Jones, John Paul, captures English vessels,293,294goes to serve Russia,297victory of,295,296Ka-na:´wha, Boone moves to,293Kegs, Battle of the,265Ken-tŭck´y, Indian raids in,287Kidd, pirate captain,164Kiēft, Governor, trouble with Indians,143King George's War,189,190King Philip's War,138-140King William's War,185King's College,252Kings Mountain, battle of,311Kips Bay, troops stationed at,254Kirk-ċa:l´dy, Jones at,294Knox, American general,318,324Kos-çĭ-us´ko, joins Washington,264Lăb-ra-dôr´, Cabot explores,60Northmen at,28Lady Ar-bē´la, Puritan ship,123Lady Re-bec´ca, Pocahontas baptized as,99Lä-fā-yětte´, at Yorktown,316,318joins Americans,262,263sent to Virginia,316wounded,264Lake George, victory at,209Lakes, Great, missions established at,177LäN-dā´is, Captain,296Lä Rä'bi-dä, monastery of,42Lä Sälle, adventures of,180discovers Ohio River,180murdered,182Laudonnière (lo-do-ne-ār´), settles in Carolina,74League of the colonies,134Lee, Fort, Americans at,255Greene leaves,257Lee, General Charles, delay of,257,258dismissed from army,279retreat of,278Lee, Henry, and Mrs, Motte,313called "Light-Horse Harry",309Lee, Richard Henry, resolution of,248Leeds, denied right to vote,219Leīf the Lucky, explorations of,28Leīs´ler, governor of New York,170Lē´on, Isabella, Queen of,59Lex´ing-ton, battle of,234Leȳ´den, Separatist colony in,107Liberty Bell, in Pennsylvania,252Library in Philadelphia, founded by Franklin,203Lightning rods, invented,205Liṉċ´oln, Cornwallis's sword delivered to,318defends Charleston,298Lĭş´bon, Columbus at,37Liv´ing-ston, Robert, draws up Declaration of Independence,250Lŏcke, John, laws of,162Logs´town, Washington at,196Lȯn´dȯn Company, Captain Smith joins,89formed,87Long Island, battle of,253Kieft meets Indians on,143Long River, Connecticut River called,131Lo:u´isXIV., aids La Salle,181Louis XVI., Jones at court of,296Lo:u´ĭs-burg, British capture,211captured by New Englanders,190French fort at,189Lo:u-ï-şi-ä´na, Acadians wander to,209ceded to Spain,213territory embraced by,181"Mad An´tho-ny," Wayne called,284Ma-dēi´ra Islands, discovered,36Măd´o-ċ, visits America,31Ma-drăs´ in India, ceded to England,190Ma-ġěl´lan, explorations of,65Strait of, Drake sails through,82Māine, added to Massachusetts,169Gorges founds colony in,130quarrels with Massachusetts Bay colony,166Măn´ches-ter, denied right to vote,219Măn´de-ville, Sir John, travels of,33Man-hăt´tan Island, Hudson lands on,104purchased by Dutch,143trading station established on,104,142Maps, in early days,32Mär-ble-head´, offers port to Boston,232Mär´co Po´lo, travels of,33Mär´cōs, explorations of,63Măr´ï-on, called "Bay'ard of the South",300in battle of Eutaw Springs,315Marque (märk), letters of,293Marquette (mär-kět´), explorations of,177-179Ma´rў-land (měr-), boundary dispute with Pennsylvania,153quarrel with Virginia,153Mā´son and Dix´on line,153Mason, John, founds colony in New Hampshire,130Mohegan chief aids,133Mas-sa-chū´setts Bay colony, emblem of,127joins league,134Navigation Act not observed in,166Parliament takes away charter,229Plymouth colony and Maine added to,169Quaker excitement in,135quarrels with Maine,166receives new charter,169resists taxation,224settlement at Salem,120Williams College in,209Massachusetts Congress,236Massachusetts Historical Society,142Măs´sa-soit, Indian chief, cured by Winslow,118makes treaty with Governor Carver,114,137Măt-a-ḡȯr´da Bay, fort built at,181Măth´er, Cotton, minister,172,173May´flow-er, Pilgrims sail in,108returns to England,115McCreā´, Jane, killed by Indians,266Med´i-çinemen, among Indians,19Med-i-ter-rā´ne-an Sea, Columbus visits ports on,37Northmen explore,25Menendez (mā-nen´deth), Spanish leader,74Merry Mount, English colonists at,122Meth´o-dist Church, Wesley founder of,165Mex´i-co, captured by Cortez,66Indians in,20Mexico, Gulf of, explored,179La Salle reaches,181Mexico, New, Marcos visits,68Miçh´ĭ-gan, Lake, Marquette and Joliet at,177,179Mĭċh-ĭ-lĭ-mack´i-na:c, Indian victory at,214La Salle at,180Min´u-it, purchases Manhattan Island,143Minutemen, drilling of,231warn soldiers,233Mis-sĭs-sĭp´pĭ, called "Father of Waters",67explored,68,177,181lands east of, ceded to Great Britain,213Narvaez drowned in,67Mississippi Valley, mounds in,22Mĭs-so:u´ri Indians, homes of,19Missouri River, explored,69,178Mō´hawk Valley,265Mo-hē´gan Indians, Pequots seek alliance with,132Money, coined in Massachusetts Bay colony,166paper, issued by Congress,302Mŏn´moūth, battle of,278Mō-nŏn-ga-hē´la=, battle of the,208Mŏnt-ċälm´, captures Oswego,210defeated at Quebec,212Mon-te-zṳ´ma, Indian chief,66Mont-gȯm´er-y, takes Montreal,246Mōnt-re-a:l´, attacked,187Joliet returns to,179La Salle in,180named by Cartier,72,174surrender of,213taken by Montgomery,246Moors, expelled from Spain,42Mȯr´gan, Daniel, at battle of Stillwater,269joined by Greene,313victorious at Cowpens,312victorious at Saratoga,271Mŏr´ris, Robert, Washington appeals to,303Mŏr´ris-town Heights, Washington at,262,279Mŏtte, Mrs., sacrifice of,313Mo:ul´trĭe, Fort, bombarded,247Mound builders,22Mounds, description of,23Mount Hope, Indian camp at,140Mount Vēr´non, Washington's home at,193,195,196Mount Vernon, Washington returns to,324Mŭr´raў, Mrs., anecdote about,254Na-pō´le-on,321Năr-ra-găn´sett Indians, Canonicus chief of,118Pequots seek alliance with,132Nar-vä´ez (-eth), explorations of,67Năs´sa:u, Fort, built by Dutch,105,151settlers driven from,144Nătch´ez Indians, attack French,183Nav-i-ga´tion Act, not observed in Massachusetts,166provisions of,134,135,155,214,215Ne-çes´si-ty, Fort, Washington builds,198Nē´gro slavery, in West Indies,80New Ăl´bi-on, explored,82New Am´ster-dam, description of,144founded,105,143surrenders to English,145,146New´burg, Washington's forces at,321,323New En´gland (ing-), English settlements in,125explored,95government of,125New´foŭnd-land, Cabot explores,60ceded to British,188early explorations of,174taken by Gilbert,83New France, claimed by Cartier,174New Hamp´shire, Mason founds colony in,130a separate royal province,166New Hā´ven, founded,133Goffe and Whalley flee to,136joined to Connecticut,137joins league,134school established at,169New Jēr´şeў, Washington retreats across,257New Jersey, East, sold to Penn,146New Jersey, West, sold to Quakers,146,147New Lȯn´dȯn, Arnold sets fire to,310New Mex´i-co, Indians in,20Marcos visits,68New Něth´er-lands, settlements in,102,105,144surrenders to English,146New Ôr´le-ans, ceded to Spain,213French fort at,183French possession,213New´port, Americans attempt to seize,280settlement at,130New Swē´den, given to English,151settlements at,145New World, America known as,13New World, discovery of,61New York, British leave,323British plan to invade,265fight at Golden Hill in,225Howe and Clinton in,256King's College in,252New Amsterdam called,146statue of Hale in,256New York Bay, Howe enters,252Hudson enters,103Nī-ăg´a-ra ("The Thunder of Waters"),73British army to move to,206Niña(neen´yah), Columbus's ship,44reaches Portugal,51Nôr´mans, explorations of,25Nôrse´men, explorations of,25North America, Norse settlement in,28North Carolina, English colony in,85North River, Hudson River called,103North Sea, coast explored,25Paul Jones coasts along,294North´men, attacked by Indians,29in America,27journeys of,25settle in Iceland,25,27Northwest´ Passage, search for,38,80,81,94,103,105Northwest Territory, land grants in,325Nôr´way, Northmen in,25Nō´va Sċō´tia (-shĭ-a), Acadia named,188Cabot explores,60French settlement in,174Northmen at,28Ō´gle-thorpe, James, Georgia granted to,164,165returns to England,166O-hī´o, mounds in,22Ohio River, called "Beautiful River",191discovered,180explored,179Ohio Valley, claimed by French and English,191,198,207Old Do-min´ion (-yŭn), Virginia called,155Old South Meetinghouse, patriots assembled at,226Olive-branch petition,232Oñate (ōn-yah´tā), at Acoma,76,77founds Santa Fé,76Ŏn-tā´ri-o, Lake, British army starts from,265Ŏr´anġe, Fort, built,105Ō-rĭ-nō´cō River, Columbus explores,57O-rĭs´kȧ-ny, Indians routed at,