FOOTNOTES

FOOTNOTES[1]The Dedication of the first edition is precisely the same, except in the concluding paragraph, which there stands as follows:—“I confess that I lacked my desire to the accomplishment of some speciall partes: but I trust hereafter that shal be supplied, and I professe (if more touching this worke come unto me) to afforde it, in all dutie. In the meantime I recommend this to your view, my laboures to your consideration, and myself to your service (as I have professed during life) in this or any other.”[2]“As Rome, the chiefe citie of the world, to glorifie it selfe, drew her originall from the gods, goddesses, and demy gods, by the Trojan progeny, so this famous citie of London for greater glorie, and in emulation of Rome, deriveth itselfe from the very same originall. For, as Jeffreye of Monmoth, the Welche historian, reporteth, Brute descended from the demy god Eneas, the sonne of Venus, daughter of Jupiter, aboute the yeare of the world 2855, the yeare before Christe’s nativitie, 1108, builded a citie neare unto a river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant, or Trenovant.”—1st edition, 1598.[3]Cair Lundein, in the list of ancient British cities, preserved in Nennius.[4]“The like whereof the Irishmen, our next neighbours, doe at this day callpaces.”—1st edition, p. 4.[5]Richborough, about one mile and a half from Sandwich, theRutupiumof the Romans, was a place of great importance until destroyed by the Danes in 1010.[6]On the banks of the river Verlam, opposite to St. Alban’s, which is supposed to have arisen out of its ruin.[7]Silchester, in Hampshire, seven miles from Basingstoke; theCaer Segontof the Britons, andSegontiumof the Romans, andSilcesterof the Saxons. Leland states its walls to have been two miles in compass.[8]Wroxeter, five miles from Shrewsbury. Its walls are stated to have been three yards in thickness, and to have extended for a circumference of three miles.[9]Kenchester, three miles from Hereford, supposed to be theAriconiumof the Romans.[10]Ribchester, six miles from Blackburn, in Lancashire, supposed to be theRego-dunumof the Romans.[11]Aldborough, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, theIsurium Brigantiumof the Romans.[12]Whitchendus. Whittichind, a monk of Corvay, who died about the year 1000, wrote a History of the Saxons down to 973, which was published at Basle by Hervagius in 1532.[13]Malmesbury, Bede.[14]Whitchendus, Bede.[15]Benedict, abbot of Wearmouth.[16]Asser, Marianus, Florentius.[17]Roger of Wendover, Matthew Paris, Ranul. Coggeshall.[18]Matthew Paris.[19]“This water hath been since that time called Turne mill brooke; yet then called the river of the Wells, which name of river,” etc.,—1st edition, p. 11.[20]Parliament record.[21]Patent record.[22]“In an old writing book.”—1st edition, p. 14.[23]Liber Custom.[24]This precise definition of the nature of the performances of the parish clerks, “some large hystorie of Holy Scripture,” does not occur in the first edition of theSurvey.[25]“Is but fowle, and is called Smithfield Pond.”—1st edition, p. 15.[26]Patent, 123.[27]In the first edition, Barnard Randulph’s gift is stated to be £700 only.[28]Liber Dunstable. Liber Trinitat.[29]Will. Malmsbury.[30]Liber Bermon.[31]Liber Trinitat[32]Liber Waverley.[33]“For Peter of Colechurch deceased foure years before this worke was finished, and was buried in the chappell builded on the same bridge, in the year 1205.”—1st edition, p. 21.[34]“So that in the yeare 23 of Henrie the 6 there was 4 chaplens in the said chappell.”—1st edition, p. 21.[35]“Within 3 yeres.”—1st edition.[36]“A marvellous terrible chance happened for the citie of London, upon the south side of the river of Thames.”—Ibid.[37]Liber Dunmow. Walter Covent. W. Packenton.[38]Patent of Edward II.[39]“Should vaulte, or bridge, and clense the same.”—1st edition, p. 24.[40]“Which then served as a posterne for passengers out of the east, from thence through Tower street, East cheape, and Candlewecke street to London Stone, the middle point of that highway, then through Budge row, Watheling street, and leaving Paul’s church on the right hand, to Ludgate in the west; the next be Aldgate, Bishopsgate, Criplegate, Aldersgate, Ludgate, and the Bridgegate over the Thames. Since the which time hath been builded Newgate,” etc.—1st edition, p. 25.[41]“Was never re-edified againe of stone, but an homely cottage, with a narrow passage made of timber, lath and loame, hath beene in place thereof set up, and so remaineth.”—1st edition, p. 25.[42]Liber Trinitat.[43]Matthew Paris.[44]Radul. Coggeshall.[45]W. Donthorn.[46]“Now called Bednal Green.”—1st edition, p. 26.[47]Liber Trinitat.[48]Liber Custom. London.[49]Abbo Floriacens, Burchardus.[50]Liber S. Bartilmew.[51]In a book, calledBeware of the Cat.—Stow.[52]“About the raigne of Henry II. or Richard I.”—1st edition, p. 30.[53]Close roll.[54]Roger Wendover, Matthew Paris.[55]“By unadvised folkes”—1st edition.[56]Record, Guildhall.[57]Liber Horne. Liber S. Alban.[58]Liber Trinitat. Liber S. Alban. Record, E. 3.[59]“Weakly made.”—1st edition, p. 36.[60]W. Duntherne.[61]“The largest water-gate on the river of Thames, and therefore most frequented.”—1st edition, p. 36.[62]“Which is now of late most beautifully enlarged and built.”—1st edition, p. 37.[63]Matthew Paris.[64]W. Malmesbury, Matthew Paris, John London.[65]Ex charta.[66]Roger Wendover, John Bever.[67]“St. Katherine’s mill stood where now is the Iron Gate of the Tower.”—Stow.[68]Lynxes, porcupines.[69]Patent, the 15th of King John.[70]Matthew Paris.[71]W. Malmsbury.[72]Roger Hoveden.[73]Guthuron’s lane, now Gutter lane, leading out of Cheapside, was a small lane, formerly tenanted by goldsmiths; the person who gave his name to the lane, was evidently of Saxon or Danish origin.[74]That is, seventeen pence halfpenny farthing to be alloy.[75]By the termsforceanddeble, it is presumed the maximum and minimum weights are intended.[76]Thomas Walsingham.[77]Philip Comines.[78]Patent, 1st of Henry VII.[79]W. Dunthorne.[80]Fitzstephen, Gerv. Tilbury.[81]“Virginitie defended with the losse of worldly goods, and life of the bodie, for life of the soule.”—Stow.[82]Liber Dunmow.[83]Stow in his first edition says, “there practised for the crown ...;” and the admirable scene inRichard the Third(act III., sc. 7), in which Gloucester is by Buckingham, the mayor, and citizens of London, “enforced to a world of cares,” is laid by Shakspeare with great historic truth in “the court of Baynard’s castle.”[84]It was destroyed in the Great Fire, before which time it had become the residences of the Earls of Shrewsbury.[85]Vita Arkenwald.[86]Liber Burton, super Trent.[87]Liber Sanct. Mariæ Eborum.[88]Armenia. Ermony, from the Old French “Ermenie.” See Roquefort’sGlossaire, s. v.Chaucer, too, in hisMonke’s Tale, line 14,343, etc., says:—“Ne dorste never be so corageousNe nonErmin, ne non Egiptien,Ne Surrien, ne non Arabien.”[89]“Howsoever the same be now fallen, both in number and estimation.”—1st edition, p. 56.[90]“In Oldborne.”—1st edition.[91]Cowell, in hisLaw Dictionary, says, “Bolting is a term of art used in Gray’s Inn, and applied to the bolting or arguing ofmootcases.” He endeavours to show that the bolting of cases is analogous to theboultingor sifting of meal through a bag. All readers of Shakspeare must be familiar with the use of the word in the latter sense.[92]Thus Lydgate, in his ballad ofLondon Lackpenny:“Then to the Chepe I began me drawne,Where much people I saw for to stande:One offered me velvet, sylke and lawne,An other he taketh me by the hande,‘Here is Pary’s thred the fynest in the lande,’” etc.[93]The cooks in Lydgate’s time, as we learn from the same ballad, resided chiefly in Eastcheap:“Then I hyed me into East Chepe;One cryes ribbs of befe, and many a pye:Pewter pottes they clattered on a heape;There was harpe, pype and mynstrelsye,” etc.[94]“Pater noster beade-makers and text-writers are gone out of Paternoster rowe into stationers of Paule’s churchyard.”—1st edition, p. 63.[95]Thomas Clifford.[96]Liber Constitutionis. Liber Horne. Liber Clerkenwell.[97]W. Patten.[98]Liber S. Mariæ Eborum.[99]Carts shod or bound with iron.Carrectæ ferro ligatæare mentioned in the Liber Garderobæ, Edw. I.[100]W. Fitzstephen.[101]There are few documents calculated to throw greater light upon the social and domestic life of our ancestors than their Household Books. Stow has here set an example, which has of late years been followed to a great extent. The Liber Garderobæ, Edw. I., published by the Society of Antiquaries in 1787—The Northumberland Household Book—The Privy Purse Expences of Henry VIII.—The Privy Purse Expences of the Princess Mary, etc.; and lastly, the handsome volume, printed for the Roxburgh Club by Beriah Botfield, Esq., M.P., containing theHousehold Book of the Countess of Leicester, wife of Simon de Montford, and that of Sir John Howard, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, in the reign of Richard III., afford views of ancient manners and illustrations of olden customs, which would be sought for in vain in works of a graver character.[102]Record of Pontefract, as I could obtain of M. Cudnor.—Stow.[103]Northern russet, half a yard and half a quarter broad, I have seen sold for four pence the yard, and was good cloth of a mingled colour.—Stow.[104]Rob. Fabian, manuscript.[105]Liber Ely.[106]Every livery coat had three yards of broad cloth.—Stow.[107]Pater de Ioham.[108]Record of the Tower.[109]“As the Theater, the Curtine,” etc.—1st edition.[110]Matthew Paris.[111]The Bear garden on the Bankside is not mentioned in the first edition.[112]Matthew Paris.[113]In the edition of Brand’sPopular Antiquities, edited by Sir Henry Ellis, vol. i. 272-278, will be found a very large and curious collection of materials illustrative of this ancient custom.[114]Stepney.[115]A paper by Mr. Saunders, in Knight’sLondon, i. 169, entitled, “The Old Spring Time in London,” forms a very agreeable commentary on this section of our author’s work.[116]Rich thieves most worthy to be hanged. The judgment of fire and water, calledordalii, was condemned by Pope Innocent III. 1203. Decretal. lib. 5.—Stow.[117]More than two hundred and forty constables in London, the one half of them each night went in the marching watch, the other half kept their standing watch in every street and lane.—Stow.[118]A large coat or cloak, from the French “journade.”—See Roquefort’sGlossaire, s. v.[119]John Mountgomery.[120]“To London in greater quantitie.”—1st edition, p. 80.[121]“In the yeare 1471, John Stockton, mayor, and eleven aldermen of London, with the recorder, were all made knightes in the fielde by Edward IV., for their good service done to him.”—1st edition, p. 81.[122]Wolverhampton.[123]Stepney.[124]“Cursed is hee that removeth his neighbors mark, have I read.”—Stow.[125]“As much as”—1st edition, p. 85.[126]Liber Trinitat.[127]Liber Trinitat.[128]The further history of this establishment will be found in Nichols’History of the Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katherine, near the Tower of London.[129]The Danishtoft, Swedishtomt, properly signifies the ground upon which a house stands. See Grimm’sDeutsche Rechtsalterthümer, s. 539.[130]“These fortie-four yeares last.”—1st edition, p. 92.[131]Liber l. folio 40.[132]Proclamation. W. Dunthorn.[133]“And to Berewardes lane.”—1st edition, p. 95.[134]“When he deceased, 1501.”—Ibid.[135]“Woodroffe lane towardes the Tower in this parish.”—1st editionp. 97.[136]“No gallies landed here in memorie of men living.”—Stow.[137]“But I leave every man to his own judgment, and pass to other matters.”—1st edition, p. 101.[138]“It is taxed to the fifteene at forty-six pounds, and accounted in the Exchequer at forty-five pounds ten shillings.”—1st edition, p. 102.[139]“The said elm-tree, his preaching place, is lately taken down.”—Stow.[140]“As he, poore man, tearmed it.”—1st edition, p. 108.[141]“The one halfe, to wit.”—1st edition, p. 109.[142]“The monuments of the dead, buried in this church, are these.”—1st edition, p. 109.[143]“These poyntes not performed. The Drapers have unlawfully solde these tenements and garden plots, and the poore be wronged.”—Stow.[144]“It is taxed to the fifteene in London at 46li., and accounted in the Exchequer to £45 10s.”—1st edition, p. 113.[145]“Three schoolemaisters, with an usher, to wit.”—1st edition, p. 118.[146]This passage is printed very incorrectly, and as prose, by Stow, who makes the date “twice thirty and ten,”i.e.1370 (which is certainly the date of Chichester’s mayoralty), instead of “twice twenty and ten,”i.e.1350, which is the reading of the MSS. and of the two early printed editions.[147]“Cornhill street, in some place raysed two fadome higher than of olde time, as appeared by buildings found so deepe.”—Stow.[148]“As they call it.”—1st edition, p. 123.[149]“Reserving the churchyard for a garden plot.”—1st edition, p. 124.[150]Liber Papie.

[1]The Dedication of the first edition is precisely the same, except in the concluding paragraph, which there stands as follows:—“I confess that I lacked my desire to the accomplishment of some speciall partes: but I trust hereafter that shal be supplied, and I professe (if more touching this worke come unto me) to afforde it, in all dutie. In the meantime I recommend this to your view, my laboures to your consideration, and myself to your service (as I have professed during life) in this or any other.”

[1]The Dedication of the first edition is precisely the same, except in the concluding paragraph, which there stands as follows:—

“I confess that I lacked my desire to the accomplishment of some speciall partes: but I trust hereafter that shal be supplied, and I professe (if more touching this worke come unto me) to afforde it, in all dutie. In the meantime I recommend this to your view, my laboures to your consideration, and myself to your service (as I have professed during life) in this or any other.”

[2]“As Rome, the chiefe citie of the world, to glorifie it selfe, drew her originall from the gods, goddesses, and demy gods, by the Trojan progeny, so this famous citie of London for greater glorie, and in emulation of Rome, deriveth itselfe from the very same originall. For, as Jeffreye of Monmoth, the Welche historian, reporteth, Brute descended from the demy god Eneas, the sonne of Venus, daughter of Jupiter, aboute the yeare of the world 2855, the yeare before Christe’s nativitie, 1108, builded a citie neare unto a river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant, or Trenovant.”—1st edition, 1598.

[2]“As Rome, the chiefe citie of the world, to glorifie it selfe, drew her originall from the gods, goddesses, and demy gods, by the Trojan progeny, so this famous citie of London for greater glorie, and in emulation of Rome, deriveth itselfe from the very same originall. For, as Jeffreye of Monmoth, the Welche historian, reporteth, Brute descended from the demy god Eneas, the sonne of Venus, daughter of Jupiter, aboute the yeare of the world 2855, the yeare before Christe’s nativitie, 1108, builded a citie neare unto a river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant, or Trenovant.”—1st edition, 1598.

[3]Cair Lundein, in the list of ancient British cities, preserved in Nennius.

[3]Cair Lundein, in the list of ancient British cities, preserved in Nennius.

[4]“The like whereof the Irishmen, our next neighbours, doe at this day callpaces.”—1st edition, p. 4.

[4]“The like whereof the Irishmen, our next neighbours, doe at this day callpaces.”—1st edition, p. 4.

[5]Richborough, about one mile and a half from Sandwich, theRutupiumof the Romans, was a place of great importance until destroyed by the Danes in 1010.

[5]Richborough, about one mile and a half from Sandwich, theRutupiumof the Romans, was a place of great importance until destroyed by the Danes in 1010.

[6]On the banks of the river Verlam, opposite to St. Alban’s, which is supposed to have arisen out of its ruin.

[6]On the banks of the river Verlam, opposite to St. Alban’s, which is supposed to have arisen out of its ruin.

[7]Silchester, in Hampshire, seven miles from Basingstoke; theCaer Segontof the Britons, andSegontiumof the Romans, andSilcesterof the Saxons. Leland states its walls to have been two miles in compass.

[7]Silchester, in Hampshire, seven miles from Basingstoke; theCaer Segontof the Britons, andSegontiumof the Romans, andSilcesterof the Saxons. Leland states its walls to have been two miles in compass.

[8]Wroxeter, five miles from Shrewsbury. Its walls are stated to have been three yards in thickness, and to have extended for a circumference of three miles.

[8]Wroxeter, five miles from Shrewsbury. Its walls are stated to have been three yards in thickness, and to have extended for a circumference of three miles.

[9]Kenchester, three miles from Hereford, supposed to be theAriconiumof the Romans.

[9]Kenchester, three miles from Hereford, supposed to be theAriconiumof the Romans.

[10]Ribchester, six miles from Blackburn, in Lancashire, supposed to be theRego-dunumof the Romans.

[10]Ribchester, six miles from Blackburn, in Lancashire, supposed to be theRego-dunumof the Romans.

[11]Aldborough, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, theIsurium Brigantiumof the Romans.

[11]Aldborough, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, theIsurium Brigantiumof the Romans.

[12]Whitchendus. Whittichind, a monk of Corvay, who died about the year 1000, wrote a History of the Saxons down to 973, which was published at Basle by Hervagius in 1532.

[12]Whitchendus. Whittichind, a monk of Corvay, who died about the year 1000, wrote a History of the Saxons down to 973, which was published at Basle by Hervagius in 1532.

[13]Malmesbury, Bede.

[13]Malmesbury, Bede.

[14]Whitchendus, Bede.

[14]Whitchendus, Bede.

[15]Benedict, abbot of Wearmouth.

[15]Benedict, abbot of Wearmouth.

[16]Asser, Marianus, Florentius.

[16]Asser, Marianus, Florentius.

[17]Roger of Wendover, Matthew Paris, Ranul. Coggeshall.

[17]Roger of Wendover, Matthew Paris, Ranul. Coggeshall.

[18]Matthew Paris.

[18]Matthew Paris.

[19]“This water hath been since that time called Turne mill brooke; yet then called the river of the Wells, which name of river,” etc.,—1st edition, p. 11.

[19]“This water hath been since that time called Turne mill brooke; yet then called the river of the Wells, which name of river,” etc.,—1st edition, p. 11.

[20]Parliament record.

[20]Parliament record.

[21]Patent record.

[21]Patent record.

[22]“In an old writing book.”—1st edition, p. 14.

[22]“In an old writing book.”—1st edition, p. 14.

[23]Liber Custom.

[23]Liber Custom.

[24]This precise definition of the nature of the performances of the parish clerks, “some large hystorie of Holy Scripture,” does not occur in the first edition of theSurvey.

[24]This precise definition of the nature of the performances of the parish clerks, “some large hystorie of Holy Scripture,” does not occur in the first edition of theSurvey.

[25]“Is but fowle, and is called Smithfield Pond.”—1st edition, p. 15.

[25]“Is but fowle, and is called Smithfield Pond.”—1st edition, p. 15.

[26]Patent, 123.

[26]Patent, 123.

[27]In the first edition, Barnard Randulph’s gift is stated to be £700 only.

[27]In the first edition, Barnard Randulph’s gift is stated to be £700 only.

[28]Liber Dunstable. Liber Trinitat.

[28]Liber Dunstable. Liber Trinitat.

[29]Will. Malmsbury.

[29]Will. Malmsbury.

[30]Liber Bermon.

[30]Liber Bermon.

[31]Liber Trinitat

[31]Liber Trinitat

[32]Liber Waverley.

[32]Liber Waverley.

[33]“For Peter of Colechurch deceased foure years before this worke was finished, and was buried in the chappell builded on the same bridge, in the year 1205.”—1st edition, p. 21.

[33]“For Peter of Colechurch deceased foure years before this worke was finished, and was buried in the chappell builded on the same bridge, in the year 1205.”—1st edition, p. 21.

[34]“So that in the yeare 23 of Henrie the 6 there was 4 chaplens in the said chappell.”—1st edition, p. 21.

[34]“So that in the yeare 23 of Henrie the 6 there was 4 chaplens in the said chappell.”—1st edition, p. 21.

[35]“Within 3 yeres.”—1st edition.

[35]“Within 3 yeres.”—1st edition.

[36]“A marvellous terrible chance happened for the citie of London, upon the south side of the river of Thames.”—Ibid.

[36]“A marvellous terrible chance happened for the citie of London, upon the south side of the river of Thames.”—Ibid.

[37]Liber Dunmow. Walter Covent. W. Packenton.

[37]Liber Dunmow. Walter Covent. W. Packenton.

[38]Patent of Edward II.

[38]Patent of Edward II.

[39]“Should vaulte, or bridge, and clense the same.”—1st edition, p. 24.

[39]“Should vaulte, or bridge, and clense the same.”—1st edition, p. 24.

[40]“Which then served as a posterne for passengers out of the east, from thence through Tower street, East cheape, and Candlewecke street to London Stone, the middle point of that highway, then through Budge row, Watheling street, and leaving Paul’s church on the right hand, to Ludgate in the west; the next be Aldgate, Bishopsgate, Criplegate, Aldersgate, Ludgate, and the Bridgegate over the Thames. Since the which time hath been builded Newgate,” etc.—1st edition, p. 25.

[40]“Which then served as a posterne for passengers out of the east, from thence through Tower street, East cheape, and Candlewecke street to London Stone, the middle point of that highway, then through Budge row, Watheling street, and leaving Paul’s church on the right hand, to Ludgate in the west; the next be Aldgate, Bishopsgate, Criplegate, Aldersgate, Ludgate, and the Bridgegate over the Thames. Since the which time hath been builded Newgate,” etc.—1st edition, p. 25.

[41]“Was never re-edified againe of stone, but an homely cottage, with a narrow passage made of timber, lath and loame, hath beene in place thereof set up, and so remaineth.”—1st edition, p. 25.

[41]“Was never re-edified againe of stone, but an homely cottage, with a narrow passage made of timber, lath and loame, hath beene in place thereof set up, and so remaineth.”—1st edition, p. 25.

[42]Liber Trinitat.

[42]Liber Trinitat.

[43]Matthew Paris.

[43]Matthew Paris.

[44]Radul. Coggeshall.

[44]Radul. Coggeshall.

[45]W. Donthorn.

[45]W. Donthorn.

[46]“Now called Bednal Green.”—1st edition, p. 26.

[46]“Now called Bednal Green.”—1st edition, p. 26.

[47]Liber Trinitat.

[47]Liber Trinitat.

[48]Liber Custom. London.

[48]Liber Custom. London.

[49]Abbo Floriacens, Burchardus.

[49]Abbo Floriacens, Burchardus.

[50]Liber S. Bartilmew.

[50]Liber S. Bartilmew.

[51]In a book, calledBeware of the Cat.—Stow.

[51]In a book, calledBeware of the Cat.—Stow.

[52]“About the raigne of Henry II. or Richard I.”—1st edition, p. 30.

[52]“About the raigne of Henry II. or Richard I.”—1st edition, p. 30.

[53]Close roll.

[53]Close roll.

[54]Roger Wendover, Matthew Paris.

[54]Roger Wendover, Matthew Paris.

[55]“By unadvised folkes”—1st edition.

[55]“By unadvised folkes”—1st edition.

[56]Record, Guildhall.

[56]Record, Guildhall.

[57]Liber Horne. Liber S. Alban.

[57]Liber Horne. Liber S. Alban.

[58]Liber Trinitat. Liber S. Alban. Record, E. 3.

[58]Liber Trinitat. Liber S. Alban. Record, E. 3.

[59]“Weakly made.”—1st edition, p. 36.

[59]“Weakly made.”—1st edition, p. 36.

[60]W. Duntherne.

[60]W. Duntherne.

[61]“The largest water-gate on the river of Thames, and therefore most frequented.”—1st edition, p. 36.

[61]“The largest water-gate on the river of Thames, and therefore most frequented.”—1st edition, p. 36.

[62]“Which is now of late most beautifully enlarged and built.”—1st edition, p. 37.

[62]“Which is now of late most beautifully enlarged and built.”—1st edition, p. 37.

[63]Matthew Paris.

[63]Matthew Paris.

[64]W. Malmesbury, Matthew Paris, John London.

[64]W. Malmesbury, Matthew Paris, John London.

[65]Ex charta.

[65]Ex charta.

[66]Roger Wendover, John Bever.

[66]Roger Wendover, John Bever.

[67]“St. Katherine’s mill stood where now is the Iron Gate of the Tower.”—Stow.

[67]“St. Katherine’s mill stood where now is the Iron Gate of the Tower.”—Stow.

[68]Lynxes, porcupines.

[68]Lynxes, porcupines.

[69]Patent, the 15th of King John.

[69]Patent, the 15th of King John.

[70]Matthew Paris.

[70]Matthew Paris.

[71]W. Malmsbury.

[71]W. Malmsbury.

[72]Roger Hoveden.

[72]Roger Hoveden.

[73]Guthuron’s lane, now Gutter lane, leading out of Cheapside, was a small lane, formerly tenanted by goldsmiths; the person who gave his name to the lane, was evidently of Saxon or Danish origin.

[73]Guthuron’s lane, now Gutter lane, leading out of Cheapside, was a small lane, formerly tenanted by goldsmiths; the person who gave his name to the lane, was evidently of Saxon or Danish origin.

[74]That is, seventeen pence halfpenny farthing to be alloy.

[74]That is, seventeen pence halfpenny farthing to be alloy.

[75]By the termsforceanddeble, it is presumed the maximum and minimum weights are intended.

[75]By the termsforceanddeble, it is presumed the maximum and minimum weights are intended.

[76]Thomas Walsingham.

[76]Thomas Walsingham.

[77]Philip Comines.

[77]Philip Comines.

[78]Patent, 1st of Henry VII.

[78]Patent, 1st of Henry VII.

[79]W. Dunthorne.

[79]W. Dunthorne.

[80]Fitzstephen, Gerv. Tilbury.

[80]Fitzstephen, Gerv. Tilbury.

[81]“Virginitie defended with the losse of worldly goods, and life of the bodie, for life of the soule.”—Stow.

[81]“Virginitie defended with the losse of worldly goods, and life of the bodie, for life of the soule.”—Stow.

[82]Liber Dunmow.

[82]Liber Dunmow.

[83]Stow in his first edition says, “there practised for the crown ...;” and the admirable scene inRichard the Third(act III., sc. 7), in which Gloucester is by Buckingham, the mayor, and citizens of London, “enforced to a world of cares,” is laid by Shakspeare with great historic truth in “the court of Baynard’s castle.”

[83]Stow in his first edition says, “there practised for the crown ...;” and the admirable scene inRichard the Third(act III., sc. 7), in which Gloucester is by Buckingham, the mayor, and citizens of London, “enforced to a world of cares,” is laid by Shakspeare with great historic truth in “the court of Baynard’s castle.”

[84]It was destroyed in the Great Fire, before which time it had become the residences of the Earls of Shrewsbury.

[84]It was destroyed in the Great Fire, before which time it had become the residences of the Earls of Shrewsbury.

[85]Vita Arkenwald.

[85]Vita Arkenwald.

[86]Liber Burton, super Trent.

[86]Liber Burton, super Trent.

[87]Liber Sanct. Mariæ Eborum.

[87]Liber Sanct. Mariæ Eborum.

[88]Armenia. Ermony, from the Old French “Ermenie.” See Roquefort’sGlossaire, s. v.Chaucer, too, in hisMonke’s Tale, line 14,343, etc., says:—“Ne dorste never be so corageousNe nonErmin, ne non Egiptien,Ne Surrien, ne non Arabien.”

[88]Armenia. Ermony, from the Old French “Ermenie.” See Roquefort’sGlossaire, s. v.

Chaucer, too, in hisMonke’s Tale, line 14,343, etc., says:—

“Ne dorste never be so corageousNe nonErmin, ne non Egiptien,Ne Surrien, ne non Arabien.”

“Ne dorste never be so corageousNe nonErmin, ne non Egiptien,Ne Surrien, ne non Arabien.”

[89]“Howsoever the same be now fallen, both in number and estimation.”—1st edition, p. 56.

[89]“Howsoever the same be now fallen, both in number and estimation.”—1st edition, p. 56.

[90]“In Oldborne.”—1st edition.

[90]“In Oldborne.”—1st edition.

[91]Cowell, in hisLaw Dictionary, says, “Bolting is a term of art used in Gray’s Inn, and applied to the bolting or arguing ofmootcases.” He endeavours to show that the bolting of cases is analogous to theboultingor sifting of meal through a bag. All readers of Shakspeare must be familiar with the use of the word in the latter sense.

[91]Cowell, in hisLaw Dictionary, says, “Bolting is a term of art used in Gray’s Inn, and applied to the bolting or arguing ofmootcases.” He endeavours to show that the bolting of cases is analogous to theboultingor sifting of meal through a bag. All readers of Shakspeare must be familiar with the use of the word in the latter sense.

[92]Thus Lydgate, in his ballad ofLondon Lackpenny:“Then to the Chepe I began me drawne,Where much people I saw for to stande:One offered me velvet, sylke and lawne,An other he taketh me by the hande,‘Here is Pary’s thred the fynest in the lande,’” etc.

[92]Thus Lydgate, in his ballad ofLondon Lackpenny:

“Then to the Chepe I began me drawne,Where much people I saw for to stande:One offered me velvet, sylke and lawne,An other he taketh me by the hande,‘Here is Pary’s thred the fynest in the lande,’” etc.

“Then to the Chepe I began me drawne,Where much people I saw for to stande:One offered me velvet, sylke and lawne,An other he taketh me by the hande,‘Here is Pary’s thred the fynest in the lande,’” etc.

[93]The cooks in Lydgate’s time, as we learn from the same ballad, resided chiefly in Eastcheap:“Then I hyed me into East Chepe;One cryes ribbs of befe, and many a pye:Pewter pottes they clattered on a heape;There was harpe, pype and mynstrelsye,” etc.

[93]The cooks in Lydgate’s time, as we learn from the same ballad, resided chiefly in Eastcheap:

“Then I hyed me into East Chepe;One cryes ribbs of befe, and many a pye:Pewter pottes they clattered on a heape;There was harpe, pype and mynstrelsye,” etc.

“Then I hyed me into East Chepe;One cryes ribbs of befe, and many a pye:Pewter pottes they clattered on a heape;There was harpe, pype and mynstrelsye,” etc.

[94]“Pater noster beade-makers and text-writers are gone out of Paternoster rowe into stationers of Paule’s churchyard.”—1st edition, p. 63.

[94]“Pater noster beade-makers and text-writers are gone out of Paternoster rowe into stationers of Paule’s churchyard.”—1st edition, p. 63.

[95]Thomas Clifford.

[95]Thomas Clifford.

[96]Liber Constitutionis. Liber Horne. Liber Clerkenwell.

[96]Liber Constitutionis. Liber Horne. Liber Clerkenwell.

[97]W. Patten.

[97]W. Patten.

[98]Liber S. Mariæ Eborum.

[98]Liber S. Mariæ Eborum.

[99]Carts shod or bound with iron.Carrectæ ferro ligatæare mentioned in the Liber Garderobæ, Edw. I.

[99]Carts shod or bound with iron.Carrectæ ferro ligatæare mentioned in the Liber Garderobæ, Edw. I.

[100]W. Fitzstephen.

[100]W. Fitzstephen.

[101]There are few documents calculated to throw greater light upon the social and domestic life of our ancestors than their Household Books. Stow has here set an example, which has of late years been followed to a great extent. The Liber Garderobæ, Edw. I., published by the Society of Antiquaries in 1787—The Northumberland Household Book—The Privy Purse Expences of Henry VIII.—The Privy Purse Expences of the Princess Mary, etc.; and lastly, the handsome volume, printed for the Roxburgh Club by Beriah Botfield, Esq., M.P., containing theHousehold Book of the Countess of Leicester, wife of Simon de Montford, and that of Sir John Howard, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, in the reign of Richard III., afford views of ancient manners and illustrations of olden customs, which would be sought for in vain in works of a graver character.

[101]There are few documents calculated to throw greater light upon the social and domestic life of our ancestors than their Household Books. Stow has here set an example, which has of late years been followed to a great extent. The Liber Garderobæ, Edw. I., published by the Society of Antiquaries in 1787—The Northumberland Household Book—The Privy Purse Expences of Henry VIII.—The Privy Purse Expences of the Princess Mary, etc.; and lastly, the handsome volume, printed for the Roxburgh Club by Beriah Botfield, Esq., M.P., containing theHousehold Book of the Countess of Leicester, wife of Simon de Montford, and that of Sir John Howard, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, in the reign of Richard III., afford views of ancient manners and illustrations of olden customs, which would be sought for in vain in works of a graver character.

[102]Record of Pontefract, as I could obtain of M. Cudnor.—Stow.

[102]Record of Pontefract, as I could obtain of M. Cudnor.—Stow.

[103]Northern russet, half a yard and half a quarter broad, I have seen sold for four pence the yard, and was good cloth of a mingled colour.—Stow.

[103]Northern russet, half a yard and half a quarter broad, I have seen sold for four pence the yard, and was good cloth of a mingled colour.—Stow.

[104]Rob. Fabian, manuscript.

[104]Rob. Fabian, manuscript.

[105]Liber Ely.

[105]Liber Ely.

[106]Every livery coat had three yards of broad cloth.—Stow.

[106]Every livery coat had three yards of broad cloth.—Stow.

[107]Pater de Ioham.

[107]Pater de Ioham.

[108]Record of the Tower.

[108]Record of the Tower.

[109]“As the Theater, the Curtine,” etc.—1st edition.

[109]“As the Theater, the Curtine,” etc.—1st edition.

[110]Matthew Paris.

[110]Matthew Paris.

[111]The Bear garden on the Bankside is not mentioned in the first edition.

[111]The Bear garden on the Bankside is not mentioned in the first edition.

[112]Matthew Paris.

[112]Matthew Paris.

[113]In the edition of Brand’sPopular Antiquities, edited by Sir Henry Ellis, vol. i. 272-278, will be found a very large and curious collection of materials illustrative of this ancient custom.

[113]In the edition of Brand’sPopular Antiquities, edited by Sir Henry Ellis, vol. i. 272-278, will be found a very large and curious collection of materials illustrative of this ancient custom.

[114]Stepney.

[114]Stepney.

[115]A paper by Mr. Saunders, in Knight’sLondon, i. 169, entitled, “The Old Spring Time in London,” forms a very agreeable commentary on this section of our author’s work.

[115]A paper by Mr. Saunders, in Knight’sLondon, i. 169, entitled, “The Old Spring Time in London,” forms a very agreeable commentary on this section of our author’s work.

[116]Rich thieves most worthy to be hanged. The judgment of fire and water, calledordalii, was condemned by Pope Innocent III. 1203. Decretal. lib. 5.—Stow.

[116]Rich thieves most worthy to be hanged. The judgment of fire and water, calledordalii, was condemned by Pope Innocent III. 1203. Decretal. lib. 5.—Stow.

[117]More than two hundred and forty constables in London, the one half of them each night went in the marching watch, the other half kept their standing watch in every street and lane.—Stow.

[117]More than two hundred and forty constables in London, the one half of them each night went in the marching watch, the other half kept their standing watch in every street and lane.—Stow.

[118]A large coat or cloak, from the French “journade.”—See Roquefort’sGlossaire, s. v.

[118]A large coat or cloak, from the French “journade.”—See Roquefort’sGlossaire, s. v.

[119]John Mountgomery.

[119]John Mountgomery.

[120]“To London in greater quantitie.”—1st edition, p. 80.

[120]“To London in greater quantitie.”—1st edition, p. 80.

[121]“In the yeare 1471, John Stockton, mayor, and eleven aldermen of London, with the recorder, were all made knightes in the fielde by Edward IV., for their good service done to him.”—1st edition, p. 81.

[121]“In the yeare 1471, John Stockton, mayor, and eleven aldermen of London, with the recorder, were all made knightes in the fielde by Edward IV., for their good service done to him.”—1st edition, p. 81.

[122]Wolverhampton.

[122]Wolverhampton.

[123]Stepney.

[123]Stepney.

[124]“Cursed is hee that removeth his neighbors mark, have I read.”—Stow.

[124]“Cursed is hee that removeth his neighbors mark, have I read.”—Stow.

[125]“As much as”—1st edition, p. 85.

[125]“As much as”—1st edition, p. 85.

[126]Liber Trinitat.

[126]Liber Trinitat.

[127]Liber Trinitat.

[127]Liber Trinitat.

[128]The further history of this establishment will be found in Nichols’History of the Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katherine, near the Tower of London.

[128]The further history of this establishment will be found in Nichols’History of the Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katherine, near the Tower of London.

[129]The Danishtoft, Swedishtomt, properly signifies the ground upon which a house stands. See Grimm’sDeutsche Rechtsalterthümer, s. 539.

[129]The Danishtoft, Swedishtomt, properly signifies the ground upon which a house stands. See Grimm’sDeutsche Rechtsalterthümer, s. 539.

[130]“These fortie-four yeares last.”—1st edition, p. 92.

[130]“These fortie-four yeares last.”—1st edition, p. 92.

[131]Liber l. folio 40.

[131]Liber l. folio 40.

[132]Proclamation. W. Dunthorn.

[132]Proclamation. W. Dunthorn.

[133]“And to Berewardes lane.”—1st edition, p. 95.

[133]“And to Berewardes lane.”—1st edition, p. 95.

[134]“When he deceased, 1501.”—Ibid.

[134]“When he deceased, 1501.”—Ibid.

[135]“Woodroffe lane towardes the Tower in this parish.”—1st editionp. 97.

[135]“Woodroffe lane towardes the Tower in this parish.”—1st editionp. 97.

[136]“No gallies landed here in memorie of men living.”—Stow.

[136]“No gallies landed here in memorie of men living.”—Stow.

[137]“But I leave every man to his own judgment, and pass to other matters.”—1st edition, p. 101.

[137]“But I leave every man to his own judgment, and pass to other matters.”—1st edition, p. 101.

[138]“It is taxed to the fifteene at forty-six pounds, and accounted in the Exchequer at forty-five pounds ten shillings.”—1st edition, p. 102.

[138]“It is taxed to the fifteene at forty-six pounds, and accounted in the Exchequer at forty-five pounds ten shillings.”—1st edition, p. 102.

[139]“The said elm-tree, his preaching place, is lately taken down.”—Stow.

[139]“The said elm-tree, his preaching place, is lately taken down.”—Stow.

[140]“As he, poore man, tearmed it.”—1st edition, p. 108.

[140]“As he, poore man, tearmed it.”—1st edition, p. 108.

[141]“The one halfe, to wit.”—1st edition, p. 109.

[141]“The one halfe, to wit.”—1st edition, p. 109.

[142]“The monuments of the dead, buried in this church, are these.”—1st edition, p. 109.

[142]“The monuments of the dead, buried in this church, are these.”—1st edition, p. 109.

[143]“These poyntes not performed. The Drapers have unlawfully solde these tenements and garden plots, and the poore be wronged.”—Stow.

[143]“These poyntes not performed. The Drapers have unlawfully solde these tenements and garden plots, and the poore be wronged.”—Stow.

[144]“It is taxed to the fifteene in London at 46li., and accounted in the Exchequer to £45 10s.”—1st edition, p. 113.

[144]“It is taxed to the fifteene in London at 46li., and accounted in the Exchequer to £45 10s.”—1st edition, p. 113.

[145]“Three schoolemaisters, with an usher, to wit.”—1st edition, p. 118.

[145]“Three schoolemaisters, with an usher, to wit.”—1st edition, p. 118.

[146]This passage is printed very incorrectly, and as prose, by Stow, who makes the date “twice thirty and ten,”i.e.1370 (which is certainly the date of Chichester’s mayoralty), instead of “twice twenty and ten,”i.e.1350, which is the reading of the MSS. and of the two early printed editions.

[146]This passage is printed very incorrectly, and as prose, by Stow, who makes the date “twice thirty and ten,”i.e.1370 (which is certainly the date of Chichester’s mayoralty), instead of “twice twenty and ten,”i.e.1350, which is the reading of the MSS. and of the two early printed editions.

[147]“Cornhill street, in some place raysed two fadome higher than of olde time, as appeared by buildings found so deepe.”—Stow.

[147]“Cornhill street, in some place raysed two fadome higher than of olde time, as appeared by buildings found so deepe.”—Stow.

[148]“As they call it.”—1st edition, p. 123.

[148]“As they call it.”—1st edition, p. 123.

[149]“Reserving the churchyard for a garden plot.”—1st edition, p. 124.

[149]“Reserving the churchyard for a garden plot.”—1st edition, p. 124.

[150]Liber Papie.

[150]Liber Papie.

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