Aaron and his sons consecrated at doorway,119.Aberdeenshire:New Year’s custom in,20f.;sacredness of threshold in,34.Abimelech and Abraham settling disputed boundary,170.Abiram, Jericho’s foundation laid in blood of,47.Aborigines of America, worship of,148.Abraham:promise that his seed should possess gate of enemies,65;lifting up his hand to God,82;coming from Haran and Ur,160;his offering on Mt. Moriah,161;directed to rebuild holy house at Meccah,163;and Abimelech settling disputed boundary,170;the Lord’s covenant welcome to,187;his visit to home of Ishmael in Arabia,200;covenant with,211.Absalom in “way of the gate” to do judgment,64.Abyla and Calpë as boundary marks,181.Abyssinia:bride carried to her new home in,38;prominence of door in,107;churches of, on hill or in grove,130f.;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.Acropolis, Propylæa built by Pericles on,158.Adam as builder of Holy House at Meccah,163.“Adam Khan and Durkhani,” poem of Afghans,58.Adonis of Greece, reference to,115.Adoption:of guest in Egypt and Syria,3;of bride by stepping over blood at threshold,26;among Arabs accompanied by sacrifice at door,59.“Adultery,” affiliation with any but true God called,213.Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.Æschylus, reference to,134.Æsculapius represented by serpent,236.Afghans, protection for all at threshold among,58.Africa:human sacrifice in Central,8f.;fowl sacrificed for guest in West,9;sheep sacrificed for guest in Central,9;bloody grass on threshold in Equatorial,15;sacrifices at threshold among Somalis of,27;threshold customs in South,28;bride carried over threshold in West,39;bloody hand in North,78f.;bloody hand in,93;primitive sacredness of doorway in,132;boundary lines in,174;trees as boundaries in Equatorial,174;exhibit of blood stains in western,246.Agade, Istar of,153.Agni, masculine,198.Ahab, reference to time of,47.Ainé’sHerc. at Pomp.: cited,258.Akibah, Rabbi: cited,253.Alaska:dead not carried over threshold in,24;human sacrifices at foundation of houses in,50f.Albanians, crossing threshold right foot foremost,37f.Alcinoüs, temple palace of,132,135.Alee, kissing threshold of tomb of,124.Alexandri, poem by, regarding foundation sacrifice,52.Algiers, walls of, laid in blood of Christian captive,48.Algonquins, prominence of hand among,84.ʿAlîyyâ, symbolic meaning of,253.Allat, sovereign of Hades, life restored at threshold of,113f.Altamash, emperor of India, building mosk,157.Altar:primitive family,3;reverence for threshold,10-25;offering of life on threshold,16;near door in Mexico,21;sanctity of threshold as primitive,22;reference to souls under,25;saint or ecclesiastic buried under, in Europe,25;threshold, in Russia,31f.;offerings at threshold, in Holland,33;before door at marriage in Borneo,34;sacredness of threshold in Scotland,34;fire taken over threshold among Hindoos,40f.;lamb buried under, in Swedish tradition,56;before Greek houses,72;at or before threshold,102,136;in doorway of temple at Nippur,111;of burnt offering, blood poured out at,119;at doorway, in Jerusalem, Phenicia, Phrygia, Aphrodisias,121;at threshold in Egyptian temple,126;at Yeha,131;lélé, name for,150f.Altar-fire:connecting link between nuptial torch and,41;crossing, in Russia,42;references to,39f.,99-102,226.Amara Deva, temple builder,156.Amara Sinha, temple builder,156.Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra,81.America, Central:bridal couple carried over threshold in,45;blood of sacrificial offerings smeared on doorways in,73;earliest form of temple in,144;boys sacrificed in,145;temples of,145,148;nuptial customs of,196;sculptures indicating covenant rite between first pair in,202;marriage ceremonies in,246.America, North:survival of sacrifice in,8;treading on threshold in,13;coffin passed out window of house in,25;window opened and door closed at death in,25;nailing horseshoes on side-posts of doorway in,73f.;symbol of open hands in museums of,79;red hand among aborigines of,83f.,93;laying of corner-stones in,147;survival of primitive sacredness of threshold in,147;aborigines of, religious worship of,148;boundary lines in,174;symbol of covenant among primitive peoples in,201;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.America, South:blood smeared on doorway in,73;earliest form of temple in,144;reverence for phallic emblems in,230;serpent as religious symbol in,235.America, United States of:vice-consul of, in Egypt, reference to,7f.;boundary marks in,126,182f.American Architect, reference to the,175.American Indians, red-hand symbolism among,85-93.Amon, temple of, reference to,185.Amorite, daughter of,213.ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, sacrifice at threshold among,26.Andersson, Charles John: cited,28.Ani before throne of Osiris,257.Animals:images of, on Mordvin door-posts,42f.;substituted for human beings in sacrifice,46;lower, as distinguished from man,223.Animals sacrificed. SeeSacrifice.Ankh, orcrux ansata,201.Anointing door-posts among Latins,29f.Antariksha invoked on door-sill,15.Antelii presiding over entrance,97.Antiquary, The, reference to,50.Anu, gate of, reference to,95Apaches:prominence of red hand among,87;reference to,88.Aphrodisias, altar on threshold in ancient,121.Apollo:temple of, at Delphi,134;represented by female oracle,236;slayer of serpent,236.Apollo Agyieus, altar of, placed before house among Greeks,72.Apollo Thyræus, at entrance,97.Arabia:crossing threshold in,10;blood at door-post to secure protection in,59f.;kissing threshold in,129;Eve settling in,164;Abraham’s visit to Ishmael in,200;use of pigeon poult’s blood in,248.Arabic term for woman,256.Arabs:of Central Africa, blood welcome among,9;sacrifice at threshold among,26;“house of hair” of,57;of Syrian Desert, doorway sacrifice in joining another tribe,58f.;red hand on houses of, in Jerusalem,76;welycommon as place of worship for, in Egypt,129;exhibit of evidences among,249.Arafat near Meccah,163f.Arapahoes, red hand among,87.Arch, memorial, meaning of,103.Archangel, foundation sacrifice in,54.Architecture:influence of Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt in doorway,60;of temples in China and Japan,101;sacredness of threshold recognized in,102.Arcot, Nabob of, banners with painted hands carried before,78.Areca-nut eaten in marriage covenant in Borneo,34.Arickarees, red hand among,87.Ark of Hebrews in house of Dagon,116.Armenian Christians, blood on threshold among,26.Armenians, sacred inscriptions above doorway of,71.Arta, bridge of, story of burying women alive to secure,52.Artemis Propylæa at Eleusis,134.Aryan origin of red hand,75.Aryan races:reference to,197;language and customs of,199.Asherah, command to Israelites concerning,233.Ashtaroth, symbol of,214.Ashurnâsirapli, references to,178,184.Asia:bloody hand in marriage in,93;traces of primitive sacredness of doorway found in,132;boundary lines in,174.See, also,China,India,Japan.Asia Minor:human sacrifice in,47f.;references to,93,132,174;altar on threshold in early Christian remains in,121.Askuppu, word for threshold,110.Asshur and his worshipers represented with uplifted hands,80.Assioot:threshold sacrifice at,7f.;General Grant at border line of,186.Assyria:images buried under threshold in,14;crossing threshold in marriage in ancient,39;influence of, shown in architecture of doorways,60;uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;inscriptions at doorway in,108f.;guardians of threshold in,111;Zephaniah’s curse on,115;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.Assyrian:wordnish–lifting up hand,83;city gates named after special god,95;god Nergal beneath threshold,95;gods Ea and Merodach at gate of house,95;monuments on doorway shrine,105;king, sculptured image of, with arms uplifted,115;kings and boundary lines,177;kings offering sacrifices at boundaries of empire,184;temples, furniture of,207;sculpture, testimony of,231,257.Assyro-Babylonians and boundary lines,185.Athaliah, priests assigned to service at threshold in days of,120.Athenian generals offering sacrifices to Mercury,172.Atlas upholding heaven,132.Attica and Peloponnesus, boundary between,180.Aubrey, John: cited,74.Avaika, or under world,152.Avatea, part man and part fish,152.Azila, reference to,62.Aztecs, marriage ceremonies among,246.Baal, symbol of,214.“Bab,” or Door, spiritual head of Babists,103.Babel, tower of, or door of God,103.Babelon, Ernest, reference to,60.Bâb-ilu, Bâbi-ilu, Bab-el, Door of God,103.Babist sect in Persia,103f.Babylon:Daniel as judge in,64;reference to,75;king of, recognized by uplifted hand,80;building of walls of,109f.;gates dedicated to gods in,110;temples with altars outside in,111f.;kings of,154;final overthrow of,211;reverence for phallic emblems in,230;ancient, in religious symbolism,234.Babylonia:inscriptions placed at threshold in,22;influence shown in architecture of doorways,60;red hand on houses and animals in,75;uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;swinging doors in religious symbolism of,105;sanctity of doorway in,108f.;guardians of threshold in,111;crossing threshold in death in literature and legends of,112f.;sacredness of doorway above threshold in,126f.;temple building in,153;boundaries in,177;indications of presence of deity in,201;ancient, religions of, and serpent as symbol,235.Babylonian:tablet of Nebuchadrezzar on gate as place of justice,60;character for house, palace, and temple identical,99f.;monuments on doorway shrine,105;literature, reference to,109;Hades surrounded by seven walls with seven gates,113;idea of future life,128;king, reference to last,153;sun-god Shamash,201;temples, furniture of,207.Babylonian and Oriental Record, reference to,231.Babylonian Talmud, reference to,253.Babylonians, twofold symbols among,200.Bagdad, khaleefs of, threshold custom of,10.Baker, Sir Samuel W., quotation from,9.Balawat gates, gods and kings at,105.Baldensperger, P.J.: cited,29.Bali:meaning of word,15;placed on door-sill among Hindoos,15;offering demanded at all doors,15.Ballads, popular, on human sacrifice in foundation building,52.Baltimore, Lord, boundary lines reported to,182.Bancroft, H.H.:cited,34f.,45,56,144,146,202,247;reference to,108.Bangalore, serpent worship in,258f.Banks of lakes as boundaries,178.Banners inscribed with open hand in Turkey and Persia,78.Baptism, place of, in early churches,137.Baptismal custom with reference to threshold,18f.Baptismal font, location of, in Protestant Episcopal churches,147.Baptist, John the, mission of,218.Baring-Gould, Rev. S.: quotation from,138f.Barker, W.B., reference to,257.Barnabas and Paul at Lystra,135.“Bason” word forsaphin English Bible,206.Bat:under threshold in Roumania,20;superstitions among primitive peoples regarding,20.Baveddeen, famous threshold stone at,124.Bay and laurel in doorway at marriage among Romans,73.Bayt-el-Walli, rock grotto of,180.Beans under threshold, among Magyars,19f.“Beating the bounds:”in England,174;in New England,176.Beccah. SeeMeccah.Becker, W.A.: cited,37,41,72f.Beer-sheba, well at, in dispute,170.Beginning of religious rites,199,225.Beirut. SeeBeyroot.Bektashi derwishes of Syria, threshold custom of,10.Bel, gate of, reference to,95.Bel-Merodach, new king of ancient Babylon adopted by,80.Belford, marriage customs at,142.Beltis, gate of, reference to,95.Beltis-Allat:“lady of the great hand,”113;brandishing serpent in either hand,235.Benjamin, S.G.W.: cited,71.Bent, J. Theodore: cited,107,131.Bergeron, Pierre: cited,13.Berlin, keys of captured cities in museum of,262.Beth-el: Jacob at,160; meaning of,160.Betrothal:ceremony in Russia,32;threshold custom in Central America,34.Beyroot, boundary marks near,178.Biaz, B.: cited,21.Bible:carried into new home in Pennsylvania,21;references to lifting up hands unto God,82f.;references to leaping over threshold,117;reference to temple threshold as fitting place of worship,117;its record of man,224.Bingham, Joseph:cited,136;quotation from,136f.Bird, Isabella: cited,20,72,96,101,104 f.,126,151.Birth:custom in Bombay,17;new, help to,199.Birthday, striking child on his,176.Bishop, Isabella Bird. SeeIsabella Bird.Bishop of Paris, reference to,139.“Bismillah,” use of word, on passing threshold,10.Black hand:among Pecos,87f.,Jicarilla Apaches,89f.;in Korea,93f.Black stone of Meccah, reference to,10.Blessing, spiritual, represented in Assyrian sculpture,231.Bliss, Dr. Frederick J.: cited,58.Blood:welcome at door in Syria and Egypt,3-10;stepping over, in East,4f.,7f.,26;coffee as substitute for,5;salt as substitute for,5,9,20;in threshold in Central Africa,8f.;poured out on threshold in covenanting,14f.;threshold sprinkled with, in Ireland,21;hospitality in outpoured, among Arabs,23;at threshold in marriage ceremony in desert of Sinai, in Egypt, in Turkey,26;stepping over, in marriage in Cyprus,27;wedding-party to step over, among Armenians,27;stepping over in Central Africa,28;and fire, significance of,40;world-wide custom of laying foundations in,46;foundation-laying in, in Hindostan, Burmah, Tennasserin, Borneo, Japan, Galam, Yarriba, Polynesia,51f.;on foundation-stone in Greece,53;of thousands of captives at consecration of altar in Mexico,56;on threshold deemed essential factor in covenant with deity,57;voice of, among Arabs,59;poured across road to secure help in necessity in Morocco,63;hand dipped in, struck upon door-posts in Stamboul,66f.;on lintel and door-posts,66;of wedding sacrifice placed on door-posts,67f.;sentences in, on door-posts as protection from disease in China,71;on bow, or threshold, of Chinese junk,72;affixed to post or walls of new house in Palestine,76f.;of Christians, hand dipped in, stamped on wall to seal victory over them,77;or ink used in hand or finger stamp,93f.;of sacrifice sprinkled on door in Guatemala,98;of sacrifice at base of altar at Yeha,131;proffer of, foundation of family,194;stains exhibited in Western Africa,246.“Blood of the grape,” in covenant,5,8.Blood-color, doorways painted,104.Bloody grass representing dignity and power,15.Bloody hand:stamped in dough placed on lintel,28f.;on lintel of temple at Jerusalem,67;on walls among Jews in Tunis,78f.;red seal on modern documents probably survival of,94;in testimony to covenant,244f.See, also,Red hand.Bloody sacrifices at temple thresholds in India,122.Blue hands on houses in Palestine,76.Blunt, J.H.: cited,137.Boaz meeting elders at gate in justice to Ruth and Naomi,64.“Bodhi-Gaya,” reference to,156.Body, not to cross threshold,23-25.Bombay Anthropological Society, reference to,17.Bombay, birth custom at,17.Bomoi pronaioi,134.Bonavia, Dr., reference to,231.Bonomi, Joseph: his suggestion regarding word “teraphim,”109.Booddha:commanding temple to be built,156;and serpent,236.Booddha-drum, reference to,156.Booddha-hood, Sakya Sinha attaining to,156.“Booddha’s foot,”156.Booddhism concerning temple,156.Booddhist:Gog and Magog of,96;temples, doorways apart from,104;temples, pilgrims at threshold of,125;prayer in Tibet,199.Book of Records, Chinese, reference to,158.“Book of the Dead,” Egyptian, references to,128f.,257.Border landmarks, form of,170f.Border lines referred to,183.Borneo:pig’s blood sprinkled at door in,20;marriage custom in,34;survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.Borsippa:sanctity of doorway in,108f.;temple of, threshold plated with zarîru,111.Bothnia, East, iron bar on threshold for cows to cross,17.Botta, P.E.: cited,109.Boundary:references to,13,17,154,165-192,234;as place of worship and sacrifice,166;stones, importance of,167;Nebo protector of,177.Bourke, Capt. J.G.: cited,87.Bowing:to gate on leaving bride’s home in Russia,44;before threshold,126.Boys sacrificed in Central America,145.Brahmanas, reference to,197.Brahmanic religion concerning temples,155f.Brahmanical Mahâdeva, commanding temple to be built,156.Brandy offered to threshold gods in Russia,32f.,43f.Bread:placed under threshold as “gods’” portion,32;thrown over bride at door in Scotland,34,44;and honey placed on bride’s gate-post in Russia,42f.Bread and salt:at threshold in Russia,9;in hospitality among Arabs,22;as factors in sacred covenant,32.“Breaking the stick” at threshold in Skarpanto,31.Bremen, skeleton of child found in walls of Bridge Gate of,50.Bridal couple carried across threshold in Central America,45.Bride:made to step over blood of sacrifice in Syria,26;in Central Africa,27f.;called “princess” at wedding in Russia,32;bread thrown over, at door in Scotland,34,44;carried over threshold among Towkas,35,in Abyssinia, Egypt, and Upper Syria,38,in West Africa,39,in Russia,44;to step over threshold among Hindoos,36f.;not lifted over threshold in India,38;borne in sedan-chair to new home,39f.;carried over fire in China,40;worshiping at altar-fire of new home in India, China, Greece, and Rome,41;inducted into household office at hearth,44;represented by the Church,218,221.Bridegroom:to step over blood at threshold in Central Africa,27f.;bread thrown over, at door,34;Jesus called,218;of blood,244.British envoy welcomed at threshold of Kauzeroon,189.Bronze bulls on gates of Babylon,109f.“Bronze threshold,” reference to,132.Broom laid across door-sill in Pennsylvania,21.Browne, Edward G., reference to,104.Bruce, James:quotation from,9;cited,38,130.Brugsch Bey: references to,103,127,161,179f.,184f.Brush-topped pole as symbol,214.“Buddha-Gaya,” reference to,156.“Buddha-pad,” reference to,156.Buffaloes sacrificed in Egypt,7.Bühler, G.: cited,169.Bukohōla temple in Sandwich Islands,150.Bulgarian foundation custom,53.Bullock:sacrificed at door for guest,4;sacrifice of,7f.Bulls:winged, with human heads to guard entrance way,95;of bronze on gates of Babylon,109f.;as guardians of threshold in Babylonia,110f.;of bronze, in Babylon,234.Bunsen, Chevalier, reference to,111.Burckhardt, John Lewis: cited,26,38,191,244-246.Burder, Samuel: cited,13.Burials made under threshold in East and West,25.Buried images, symbols and treasures under temple doorways,109.Burmah, survival of foundation laying in blood in,51f.Burton, Richard F.:cited,164;quotation from,248f.Burying women and children in foundation,18,50.Bush as symbol of feminine in nature,214.Bush, George, reference to,112.Busrah, women exhibiting evidences at,248.Butter or honey smeared on door-posts among Wallachians,29.Buxtorf, John: cited,200,253.“By door,” entering house,6.Byzantine age, sarcophagi of, showing altar at threshold,121.
Aaron and his sons consecrated at doorway,119.Aberdeenshire:New Year’s custom in,20f.;sacredness of threshold in,34.Abimelech and Abraham settling disputed boundary,170.Abiram, Jericho’s foundation laid in blood of,47.Aborigines of America, worship of,148.Abraham:promise that his seed should possess gate of enemies,65;lifting up his hand to God,82;coming from Haran and Ur,160;his offering on Mt. Moriah,161;directed to rebuild holy house at Meccah,163;and Abimelech settling disputed boundary,170;the Lord’s covenant welcome to,187;his visit to home of Ishmael in Arabia,200;covenant with,211.Absalom in “way of the gate” to do judgment,64.Abyla and Calpë as boundary marks,181.Abyssinia:bride carried to her new home in,38;prominence of door in,107;churches of, on hill or in grove,130f.;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.Acropolis, Propylæa built by Pericles on,158.Adam as builder of Holy House at Meccah,163.“Adam Khan and Durkhani,” poem of Afghans,58.Adonis of Greece, reference to,115.Adoption:of guest in Egypt and Syria,3;of bride by stepping over blood at threshold,26;among Arabs accompanied by sacrifice at door,59.“Adultery,” affiliation with any but true God called,213.Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.Æschylus, reference to,134.Æsculapius represented by serpent,236.Afghans, protection for all at threshold among,58.Africa:human sacrifice in Central,8f.;fowl sacrificed for guest in West,9;sheep sacrificed for guest in Central,9;bloody grass on threshold in Equatorial,15;sacrifices at threshold among Somalis of,27;threshold customs in South,28;bride carried over threshold in West,39;bloody hand in North,78f.;bloody hand in,93;primitive sacredness of doorway in,132;boundary lines in,174;trees as boundaries in Equatorial,174;exhibit of blood stains in western,246.Agade, Istar of,153.Agni, masculine,198.Ahab, reference to time of,47.Ainé’sHerc. at Pomp.: cited,258.Akibah, Rabbi: cited,253.Alaska:dead not carried over threshold in,24;human sacrifices at foundation of houses in,50f.Albanians, crossing threshold right foot foremost,37f.Alcinoüs, temple palace of,132,135.Alee, kissing threshold of tomb of,124.Alexandri, poem by, regarding foundation sacrifice,52.Algiers, walls of, laid in blood of Christian captive,48.Algonquins, prominence of hand among,84.ʿAlîyyâ, symbolic meaning of,253.Allat, sovereign of Hades, life restored at threshold of,113f.Altamash, emperor of India, building mosk,157.Altar:primitive family,3;reverence for threshold,10-25;offering of life on threshold,16;near door in Mexico,21;sanctity of threshold as primitive,22;reference to souls under,25;saint or ecclesiastic buried under, in Europe,25;threshold, in Russia,31f.;offerings at threshold, in Holland,33;before door at marriage in Borneo,34;sacredness of threshold in Scotland,34;fire taken over threshold among Hindoos,40f.;lamb buried under, in Swedish tradition,56;before Greek houses,72;at or before threshold,102,136;in doorway of temple at Nippur,111;of burnt offering, blood poured out at,119;at doorway, in Jerusalem, Phenicia, Phrygia, Aphrodisias,121;at threshold in Egyptian temple,126;at Yeha,131;lélé, name for,150f.Altar-fire:connecting link between nuptial torch and,41;crossing, in Russia,42;references to,39f.,99-102,226.Amara Deva, temple builder,156.Amara Sinha, temple builder,156.Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra,81.America, Central:bridal couple carried over threshold in,45;blood of sacrificial offerings smeared on doorways in,73;earliest form of temple in,144;boys sacrificed in,145;temples of,145,148;nuptial customs of,196;sculptures indicating covenant rite between first pair in,202;marriage ceremonies in,246.America, North:survival of sacrifice in,8;treading on threshold in,13;coffin passed out window of house in,25;window opened and door closed at death in,25;nailing horseshoes on side-posts of doorway in,73f.;symbol of open hands in museums of,79;red hand among aborigines of,83f.,93;laying of corner-stones in,147;survival of primitive sacredness of threshold in,147;aborigines of, religious worship of,148;boundary lines in,174;symbol of covenant among primitive peoples in,201;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.America, South:blood smeared on doorway in,73;earliest form of temple in,144;reverence for phallic emblems in,230;serpent as religious symbol in,235.America, United States of:vice-consul of, in Egypt, reference to,7f.;boundary marks in,126,182f.American Architect, reference to the,175.American Indians, red-hand symbolism among,85-93.Amon, temple of, reference to,185.Amorite, daughter of,213.ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, sacrifice at threshold among,26.Andersson, Charles John: cited,28.Ani before throne of Osiris,257.Animals:images of, on Mordvin door-posts,42f.;substituted for human beings in sacrifice,46;lower, as distinguished from man,223.Animals sacrificed. SeeSacrifice.Ankh, orcrux ansata,201.Anointing door-posts among Latins,29f.Antariksha invoked on door-sill,15.Antelii presiding over entrance,97.Antiquary, The, reference to,50.Anu, gate of, reference to,95Apaches:prominence of red hand among,87;reference to,88.Aphrodisias, altar on threshold in ancient,121.Apollo:temple of, at Delphi,134;represented by female oracle,236;slayer of serpent,236.Apollo Agyieus, altar of, placed before house among Greeks,72.Apollo Thyræus, at entrance,97.Arabia:crossing threshold in,10;blood at door-post to secure protection in,59f.;kissing threshold in,129;Eve settling in,164;Abraham’s visit to Ishmael in,200;use of pigeon poult’s blood in,248.Arabic term for woman,256.Arabs:of Central Africa, blood welcome among,9;sacrifice at threshold among,26;“house of hair” of,57;of Syrian Desert, doorway sacrifice in joining another tribe,58f.;red hand on houses of, in Jerusalem,76;welycommon as place of worship for, in Egypt,129;exhibit of evidences among,249.Arafat near Meccah,163f.Arapahoes, red hand among,87.Arch, memorial, meaning of,103.Archangel, foundation sacrifice in,54.Architecture:influence of Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt in doorway,60;of temples in China and Japan,101;sacredness of threshold recognized in,102.Arcot, Nabob of, banners with painted hands carried before,78.Areca-nut eaten in marriage covenant in Borneo,34.Arickarees, red hand among,87.Ark of Hebrews in house of Dagon,116.Armenian Christians, blood on threshold among,26.Armenians, sacred inscriptions above doorway of,71.Arta, bridge of, story of burying women alive to secure,52.Artemis Propylæa at Eleusis,134.Aryan origin of red hand,75.Aryan races:reference to,197;language and customs of,199.Asherah, command to Israelites concerning,233.Ashtaroth, symbol of,214.Ashurnâsirapli, references to,178,184.Asia:bloody hand in marriage in,93;traces of primitive sacredness of doorway found in,132;boundary lines in,174.See, also,China,India,Japan.Asia Minor:human sacrifice in,47f.;references to,93,132,174;altar on threshold in early Christian remains in,121.Askuppu, word for threshold,110.Asshur and his worshipers represented with uplifted hands,80.Assioot:threshold sacrifice at,7f.;General Grant at border line of,186.Assyria:images buried under threshold in,14;crossing threshold in marriage in ancient,39;influence of, shown in architecture of doorways,60;uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;inscriptions at doorway in,108f.;guardians of threshold in,111;Zephaniah’s curse on,115;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.Assyrian:wordnish–lifting up hand,83;city gates named after special god,95;god Nergal beneath threshold,95;gods Ea and Merodach at gate of house,95;monuments on doorway shrine,105;king, sculptured image of, with arms uplifted,115;kings and boundary lines,177;kings offering sacrifices at boundaries of empire,184;temples, furniture of,207;sculpture, testimony of,231,257.Assyro-Babylonians and boundary lines,185.Athaliah, priests assigned to service at threshold in days of,120.Athenian generals offering sacrifices to Mercury,172.Atlas upholding heaven,132.Attica and Peloponnesus, boundary between,180.Aubrey, John: cited,74.Avaika, or under world,152.Avatea, part man and part fish,152.Azila, reference to,62.Aztecs, marriage ceremonies among,246.Baal, symbol of,214.“Bab,” or Door, spiritual head of Babists,103.Babel, tower of, or door of God,103.Babelon, Ernest, reference to,60.Bâb-ilu, Bâbi-ilu, Bab-el, Door of God,103.Babist sect in Persia,103f.Babylon:Daniel as judge in,64;reference to,75;king of, recognized by uplifted hand,80;building of walls of,109f.;gates dedicated to gods in,110;temples with altars outside in,111f.;kings of,154;final overthrow of,211;reverence for phallic emblems in,230;ancient, in religious symbolism,234.Babylonia:inscriptions placed at threshold in,22;influence shown in architecture of doorways,60;red hand on houses and animals in,75;uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;swinging doors in religious symbolism of,105;sanctity of doorway in,108f.;guardians of threshold in,111;crossing threshold in death in literature and legends of,112f.;sacredness of doorway above threshold in,126f.;temple building in,153;boundaries in,177;indications of presence of deity in,201;ancient, religions of, and serpent as symbol,235.Babylonian:tablet of Nebuchadrezzar on gate as place of justice,60;character for house, palace, and temple identical,99f.;monuments on doorway shrine,105;literature, reference to,109;Hades surrounded by seven walls with seven gates,113;idea of future life,128;king, reference to last,153;sun-god Shamash,201;temples, furniture of,207.Babylonian and Oriental Record, reference to,231.Babylonian Talmud, reference to,253.Babylonians, twofold symbols among,200.Bagdad, khaleefs of, threshold custom of,10.Baker, Sir Samuel W., quotation from,9.Balawat gates, gods and kings at,105.Baldensperger, P.J.: cited,29.Bali:meaning of word,15;placed on door-sill among Hindoos,15;offering demanded at all doors,15.Ballads, popular, on human sacrifice in foundation building,52.Baltimore, Lord, boundary lines reported to,182.Bancroft, H.H.:cited,34f.,45,56,144,146,202,247;reference to,108.Bangalore, serpent worship in,258f.Banks of lakes as boundaries,178.Banners inscribed with open hand in Turkey and Persia,78.Baptism, place of, in early churches,137.Baptismal custom with reference to threshold,18f.Baptismal font, location of, in Protestant Episcopal churches,147.Baptist, John the, mission of,218.Baring-Gould, Rev. S.: quotation from,138f.Barker, W.B., reference to,257.Barnabas and Paul at Lystra,135.“Bason” word forsaphin English Bible,206.Bat:under threshold in Roumania,20;superstitions among primitive peoples regarding,20.Baveddeen, famous threshold stone at,124.Bay and laurel in doorway at marriage among Romans,73.Bayt-el-Walli, rock grotto of,180.Beans under threshold, among Magyars,19f.“Beating the bounds:”in England,174;in New England,176.Beccah. SeeMeccah.Becker, W.A.: cited,37,41,72f.Beer-sheba, well at, in dispute,170.Beginning of religious rites,199,225.Beirut. SeeBeyroot.Bektashi derwishes of Syria, threshold custom of,10.Bel, gate of, reference to,95.Bel-Merodach, new king of ancient Babylon adopted by,80.Belford, marriage customs at,142.Beltis, gate of, reference to,95.Beltis-Allat:“lady of the great hand,”113;brandishing serpent in either hand,235.Benjamin, S.G.W.: cited,71.Bent, J. Theodore: cited,107,131.Bergeron, Pierre: cited,13.Berlin, keys of captured cities in museum of,262.Beth-el: Jacob at,160; meaning of,160.Betrothal:ceremony in Russia,32;threshold custom in Central America,34.Beyroot, boundary marks near,178.Biaz, B.: cited,21.Bible:carried into new home in Pennsylvania,21;references to lifting up hands unto God,82f.;references to leaping over threshold,117;reference to temple threshold as fitting place of worship,117;its record of man,224.Bingham, Joseph:cited,136;quotation from,136f.Bird, Isabella: cited,20,72,96,101,104 f.,126,151.Birth:custom in Bombay,17;new, help to,199.Birthday, striking child on his,176.Bishop, Isabella Bird. SeeIsabella Bird.Bishop of Paris, reference to,139.“Bismillah,” use of word, on passing threshold,10.Black hand:among Pecos,87f.,Jicarilla Apaches,89f.;in Korea,93f.Black stone of Meccah, reference to,10.Blessing, spiritual, represented in Assyrian sculpture,231.Bliss, Dr. Frederick J.: cited,58.Blood:welcome at door in Syria and Egypt,3-10;stepping over, in East,4f.,7f.,26;coffee as substitute for,5;salt as substitute for,5,9,20;in threshold in Central Africa,8f.;poured out on threshold in covenanting,14f.;threshold sprinkled with, in Ireland,21;hospitality in outpoured, among Arabs,23;at threshold in marriage ceremony in desert of Sinai, in Egypt, in Turkey,26;stepping over, in marriage in Cyprus,27;wedding-party to step over, among Armenians,27;stepping over in Central Africa,28;and fire, significance of,40;world-wide custom of laying foundations in,46;foundation-laying in, in Hindostan, Burmah, Tennasserin, Borneo, Japan, Galam, Yarriba, Polynesia,51f.;on foundation-stone in Greece,53;of thousands of captives at consecration of altar in Mexico,56;on threshold deemed essential factor in covenant with deity,57;voice of, among Arabs,59;poured across road to secure help in necessity in Morocco,63;hand dipped in, struck upon door-posts in Stamboul,66f.;on lintel and door-posts,66;of wedding sacrifice placed on door-posts,67f.;sentences in, on door-posts as protection from disease in China,71;on bow, or threshold, of Chinese junk,72;affixed to post or walls of new house in Palestine,76f.;of Christians, hand dipped in, stamped on wall to seal victory over them,77;or ink used in hand or finger stamp,93f.;of sacrifice sprinkled on door in Guatemala,98;of sacrifice at base of altar at Yeha,131;proffer of, foundation of family,194;stains exhibited in Western Africa,246.“Blood of the grape,” in covenant,5,8.Blood-color, doorways painted,104.Bloody grass representing dignity and power,15.Bloody hand:stamped in dough placed on lintel,28f.;on lintel of temple at Jerusalem,67;on walls among Jews in Tunis,78f.;red seal on modern documents probably survival of,94;in testimony to covenant,244f.See, also,Red hand.Bloody sacrifices at temple thresholds in India,122.Blue hands on houses in Palestine,76.Blunt, J.H.: cited,137.Boaz meeting elders at gate in justice to Ruth and Naomi,64.“Bodhi-Gaya,” reference to,156.Body, not to cross threshold,23-25.Bombay Anthropological Society, reference to,17.Bombay, birth custom at,17.Bomoi pronaioi,134.Bonavia, Dr., reference to,231.Bonomi, Joseph: his suggestion regarding word “teraphim,”109.Booddha:commanding temple to be built,156;and serpent,236.Booddha-drum, reference to,156.Booddha-hood, Sakya Sinha attaining to,156.“Booddha’s foot,”156.Booddhism concerning temple,156.Booddhist:Gog and Magog of,96;temples, doorways apart from,104;temples, pilgrims at threshold of,125;prayer in Tibet,199.Book of Records, Chinese, reference to,158.“Book of the Dead,” Egyptian, references to,128f.,257.Border landmarks, form of,170f.Border lines referred to,183.Borneo:pig’s blood sprinkled at door in,20;marriage custom in,34;survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.Borsippa:sanctity of doorway in,108f.;temple of, threshold plated with zarîru,111.Bothnia, East, iron bar on threshold for cows to cross,17.Botta, P.E.: cited,109.Boundary:references to,13,17,154,165-192,234;as place of worship and sacrifice,166;stones, importance of,167;Nebo protector of,177.Bourke, Capt. J.G.: cited,87.Bowing:to gate on leaving bride’s home in Russia,44;before threshold,126.Boys sacrificed in Central America,145.Brahmanas, reference to,197.Brahmanic religion concerning temples,155f.Brahmanical Mahâdeva, commanding temple to be built,156.Brandy offered to threshold gods in Russia,32f.,43f.Bread:placed under threshold as “gods’” portion,32;thrown over bride at door in Scotland,34,44;and honey placed on bride’s gate-post in Russia,42f.Bread and salt:at threshold in Russia,9;in hospitality among Arabs,22;as factors in sacred covenant,32.“Breaking the stick” at threshold in Skarpanto,31.Bremen, skeleton of child found in walls of Bridge Gate of,50.Bridal couple carried across threshold in Central America,45.Bride:made to step over blood of sacrifice in Syria,26;in Central Africa,27f.;called “princess” at wedding in Russia,32;bread thrown over, at door in Scotland,34,44;carried over threshold among Towkas,35,in Abyssinia, Egypt, and Upper Syria,38,in West Africa,39,in Russia,44;to step over threshold among Hindoos,36f.;not lifted over threshold in India,38;borne in sedan-chair to new home,39f.;carried over fire in China,40;worshiping at altar-fire of new home in India, China, Greece, and Rome,41;inducted into household office at hearth,44;represented by the Church,218,221.Bridegroom:to step over blood at threshold in Central Africa,27f.;bread thrown over, at door,34;Jesus called,218;of blood,244.British envoy welcomed at threshold of Kauzeroon,189.Bronze bulls on gates of Babylon,109f.“Bronze threshold,” reference to,132.Broom laid across door-sill in Pennsylvania,21.Browne, Edward G., reference to,104.Bruce, James:quotation from,9;cited,38,130.Brugsch Bey: references to,103,127,161,179f.,184f.Brush-topped pole as symbol,214.“Buddha-Gaya,” reference to,156.“Buddha-pad,” reference to,156.Buffaloes sacrificed in Egypt,7.Bühler, G.: cited,169.Bukohōla temple in Sandwich Islands,150.Bulgarian foundation custom,53.Bullock:sacrificed at door for guest,4;sacrifice of,7f.Bulls:winged, with human heads to guard entrance way,95;of bronze on gates of Babylon,109f.;as guardians of threshold in Babylonia,110f.;of bronze, in Babylon,234.Bunsen, Chevalier, reference to,111.Burckhardt, John Lewis: cited,26,38,191,244-246.Burder, Samuel: cited,13.Burials made under threshold in East and West,25.Buried images, symbols and treasures under temple doorways,109.Burmah, survival of foundation laying in blood in,51f.Burton, Richard F.:cited,164;quotation from,248f.Burying women and children in foundation,18,50.Bush as symbol of feminine in nature,214.Bush, George, reference to,112.Busrah, women exhibiting evidences at,248.Butter or honey smeared on door-posts among Wallachians,29.Buxtorf, John: cited,200,253.“By door,” entering house,6.Byzantine age, sarcophagi of, showing altar at threshold,121.
Aaron and his sons consecrated at doorway,119.Aberdeenshire:New Year’s custom in,20f.;sacredness of threshold in,34.Abimelech and Abraham settling disputed boundary,170.Abiram, Jericho’s foundation laid in blood of,47.Aborigines of America, worship of,148.Abraham:promise that his seed should possess gate of enemies,65;lifting up his hand to God,82;coming from Haran and Ur,160;his offering on Mt. Moriah,161;directed to rebuild holy house at Meccah,163;and Abimelech settling disputed boundary,170;the Lord’s covenant welcome to,187;his visit to home of Ishmael in Arabia,200;covenant with,211.Absalom in “way of the gate” to do judgment,64.Abyla and Calpë as boundary marks,181.Abyssinia:bride carried to her new home in,38;prominence of door in,107;churches of, on hill or in grove,130f.;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.Acropolis, Propylæa built by Pericles on,158.Adam as builder of Holy House at Meccah,163.“Adam Khan and Durkhani,” poem of Afghans,58.Adonis of Greece, reference to,115.Adoption:of guest in Egypt and Syria,3;of bride by stepping over blood at threshold,26;among Arabs accompanied by sacrifice at door,59.“Adultery,” affiliation with any but true God called,213.Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.Æschylus, reference to,134.Æsculapius represented by serpent,236.Afghans, protection for all at threshold among,58.Africa:human sacrifice in Central,8f.;fowl sacrificed for guest in West,9;sheep sacrificed for guest in Central,9;bloody grass on threshold in Equatorial,15;sacrifices at threshold among Somalis of,27;threshold customs in South,28;bride carried over threshold in West,39;bloody hand in North,78f.;bloody hand in,93;primitive sacredness of doorway in,132;boundary lines in,174;trees as boundaries in Equatorial,174;exhibit of blood stains in western,246.Agade, Istar of,153.Agni, masculine,198.Ahab, reference to time of,47.Ainé’sHerc. at Pomp.: cited,258.Akibah, Rabbi: cited,253.Alaska:dead not carried over threshold in,24;human sacrifices at foundation of houses in,50f.Albanians, crossing threshold right foot foremost,37f.Alcinoüs, temple palace of,132,135.Alee, kissing threshold of tomb of,124.Alexandri, poem by, regarding foundation sacrifice,52.Algiers, walls of, laid in blood of Christian captive,48.Algonquins, prominence of hand among,84.ʿAlîyyâ, symbolic meaning of,253.Allat, sovereign of Hades, life restored at threshold of,113f.Altamash, emperor of India, building mosk,157.Altar:primitive family,3;reverence for threshold,10-25;offering of life on threshold,16;near door in Mexico,21;sanctity of threshold as primitive,22;reference to souls under,25;saint or ecclesiastic buried under, in Europe,25;threshold, in Russia,31f.;offerings at threshold, in Holland,33;before door at marriage in Borneo,34;sacredness of threshold in Scotland,34;fire taken over threshold among Hindoos,40f.;lamb buried under, in Swedish tradition,56;before Greek houses,72;at or before threshold,102,136;in doorway of temple at Nippur,111;of burnt offering, blood poured out at,119;at doorway, in Jerusalem, Phenicia, Phrygia, Aphrodisias,121;at threshold in Egyptian temple,126;at Yeha,131;lélé, name for,150f.Altar-fire:connecting link between nuptial torch and,41;crossing, in Russia,42;references to,39f.,99-102,226.Amara Deva, temple builder,156.Amara Sinha, temple builder,156.Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra,81.America, Central:bridal couple carried over threshold in,45;blood of sacrificial offerings smeared on doorways in,73;earliest form of temple in,144;boys sacrificed in,145;temples of,145,148;nuptial customs of,196;sculptures indicating covenant rite between first pair in,202;marriage ceremonies in,246.America, North:survival of sacrifice in,8;treading on threshold in,13;coffin passed out window of house in,25;window opened and door closed at death in,25;nailing horseshoes on side-posts of doorway in,73f.;symbol of open hands in museums of,79;red hand among aborigines of,83f.,93;laying of corner-stones in,147;survival of primitive sacredness of threshold in,147;aborigines of, religious worship of,148;boundary lines in,174;symbol of covenant among primitive peoples in,201;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.America, South:blood smeared on doorway in,73;earliest form of temple in,144;reverence for phallic emblems in,230;serpent as religious symbol in,235.America, United States of:vice-consul of, in Egypt, reference to,7f.;boundary marks in,126,182f.American Architect, reference to the,175.American Indians, red-hand symbolism among,85-93.Amon, temple of, reference to,185.Amorite, daughter of,213.ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, sacrifice at threshold among,26.Andersson, Charles John: cited,28.Ani before throne of Osiris,257.Animals:images of, on Mordvin door-posts,42f.;substituted for human beings in sacrifice,46;lower, as distinguished from man,223.Animals sacrificed. SeeSacrifice.Ankh, orcrux ansata,201.Anointing door-posts among Latins,29f.Antariksha invoked on door-sill,15.Antelii presiding over entrance,97.Antiquary, The, reference to,50.Anu, gate of, reference to,95Apaches:prominence of red hand among,87;reference to,88.Aphrodisias, altar on threshold in ancient,121.Apollo:temple of, at Delphi,134;represented by female oracle,236;slayer of serpent,236.Apollo Agyieus, altar of, placed before house among Greeks,72.Apollo Thyræus, at entrance,97.Arabia:crossing threshold in,10;blood at door-post to secure protection in,59f.;kissing threshold in,129;Eve settling in,164;Abraham’s visit to Ishmael in,200;use of pigeon poult’s blood in,248.Arabic term for woman,256.Arabs:of Central Africa, blood welcome among,9;sacrifice at threshold among,26;“house of hair” of,57;of Syrian Desert, doorway sacrifice in joining another tribe,58f.;red hand on houses of, in Jerusalem,76;welycommon as place of worship for, in Egypt,129;exhibit of evidences among,249.Arafat near Meccah,163f.Arapahoes, red hand among,87.Arch, memorial, meaning of,103.Archangel, foundation sacrifice in,54.Architecture:influence of Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt in doorway,60;of temples in China and Japan,101;sacredness of threshold recognized in,102.Arcot, Nabob of, banners with painted hands carried before,78.Areca-nut eaten in marriage covenant in Borneo,34.Arickarees, red hand among,87.Ark of Hebrews in house of Dagon,116.Armenian Christians, blood on threshold among,26.Armenians, sacred inscriptions above doorway of,71.Arta, bridge of, story of burying women alive to secure,52.Artemis Propylæa at Eleusis,134.Aryan origin of red hand,75.Aryan races:reference to,197;language and customs of,199.Asherah, command to Israelites concerning,233.Ashtaroth, symbol of,214.Ashurnâsirapli, references to,178,184.Asia:bloody hand in marriage in,93;traces of primitive sacredness of doorway found in,132;boundary lines in,174.See, also,China,India,Japan.Asia Minor:human sacrifice in,47f.;references to,93,132,174;altar on threshold in early Christian remains in,121.Askuppu, word for threshold,110.Asshur and his worshipers represented with uplifted hands,80.Assioot:threshold sacrifice at,7f.;General Grant at border line of,186.Assyria:images buried under threshold in,14;crossing threshold in marriage in ancient,39;influence of, shown in architecture of doorways,60;uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;inscriptions at doorway in,108f.;guardians of threshold in,111;Zephaniah’s curse on,115;reverence for phallic emblems in,230.Assyrian:wordnish–lifting up hand,83;city gates named after special god,95;god Nergal beneath threshold,95;gods Ea and Merodach at gate of house,95;monuments on doorway shrine,105;king, sculptured image of, with arms uplifted,115;kings and boundary lines,177;kings offering sacrifices at boundaries of empire,184;temples, furniture of,207;sculpture, testimony of,231,257.Assyro-Babylonians and boundary lines,185.Athaliah, priests assigned to service at threshold in days of,120.Athenian generals offering sacrifices to Mercury,172.Atlas upholding heaven,132.Attica and Peloponnesus, boundary between,180.Aubrey, John: cited,74.Avaika, or under world,152.Avatea, part man and part fish,152.Azila, reference to,62.Aztecs, marriage ceremonies among,246.
Aaron and his sons consecrated at doorway,119.
Aberdeenshire:
New Year’s custom in,20f.;
sacredness of threshold in,34.
Abimelech and Abraham settling disputed boundary,170.
Abiram, Jericho’s foundation laid in blood of,47.
Aborigines of America, worship of,148.
Abraham:
promise that his seed should possess gate of enemies,65;
lifting up his hand to God,82;
coming from Haran and Ur,160;
his offering on Mt. Moriah,161;
directed to rebuild holy house at Meccah,163;
and Abimelech settling disputed boundary,170;
the Lord’s covenant welcome to,187;
his visit to home of Ishmael in Arabia,200;
covenant with,211.
Absalom in “way of the gate” to do judgment,64.
Abyla and Calpë as boundary marks,181.
Abyssinia:
bride carried to her new home in,38;
prominence of door in,107;
churches of, on hill or in grove,130f.;
reverence for phallic emblems in,230.
Acropolis, Propylæa built by Pericles on,158.
Adam as builder of Holy House at Meccah,163.
“Adam Khan and Durkhani,” poem of Afghans,58.
Adonis of Greece, reference to,115.
Adoption:
of guest in Egypt and Syria,3;
of bride by stepping over blood at threshold,26;
among Arabs accompanied by sacrifice at door,59.
“Adultery,” affiliation with any but true God called,213.
Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.
Æschylus, reference to,134.
Æsculapius represented by serpent,236.
Afghans, protection for all at threshold among,58.
Africa:
human sacrifice in Central,8f.;
fowl sacrificed for guest in West,9;
sheep sacrificed for guest in Central,9;
bloody grass on threshold in Equatorial,15;
sacrifices at threshold among Somalis of,27;
threshold customs in South,28;
bride carried over threshold in West,39;
bloody hand in North,78f.;
bloody hand in,93;
primitive sacredness of doorway in,132;
boundary lines in,174;
trees as boundaries in Equatorial,174;
exhibit of blood stains in western,246.
Agade, Istar of,153.
Agni, masculine,198.
Ahab, reference to time of,47.
Ainé’sHerc. at Pomp.: cited,258.
Akibah, Rabbi: cited,253.
Alaska:
dead not carried over threshold in,24;
human sacrifices at foundation of houses in,50f.
Albanians, crossing threshold right foot foremost,37f.
Alcinoüs, temple palace of,132,135.
Alee, kissing threshold of tomb of,124.
Alexandri, poem by, regarding foundation sacrifice,52.
Algiers, walls of, laid in blood of Christian captive,48.
Algonquins, prominence of hand among,84.
ʿAlîyyâ, symbolic meaning of,253.
Allat, sovereign of Hades, life restored at threshold of,113f.
Altamash, emperor of India, building mosk,157.
Altar:
primitive family,3;
reverence for threshold,10-25;
offering of life on threshold,16;
near door in Mexico,21;
sanctity of threshold as primitive,22;
reference to souls under,25;
saint or ecclesiastic buried under, in Europe,25;
threshold, in Russia,31f.;
offerings at threshold, in Holland,33;
before door at marriage in Borneo,34;
sacredness of threshold in Scotland,34;
fire taken over threshold among Hindoos,40f.;
lamb buried under, in Swedish tradition,56;
before Greek houses,72;
at or before threshold,102,136;
in doorway of temple at Nippur,111;
of burnt offering, blood poured out at,119;
at doorway, in Jerusalem, Phenicia, Phrygia, Aphrodisias,121;
at threshold in Egyptian temple,126;
at Yeha,131;
lélé, name for,150f.
Altar-fire:
connecting link between nuptial torch and,41;
crossing, in Russia,42;
references to,39f.,99-102,226.
Amara Deva, temple builder,156.
Amara Sinha, temple builder,156.
Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra,81.
America, Central:
bridal couple carried over threshold in,45;
blood of sacrificial offerings smeared on doorways in,73;
earliest form of temple in,144;
boys sacrificed in,145;
temples of,145,148;
nuptial customs of,196;
sculptures indicating covenant rite between first pair in,202;
marriage ceremonies in,246.
America, North:
survival of sacrifice in,8;
treading on threshold in,13;
coffin passed out window of house in,25;
window opened and door closed at death in,25;
nailing horseshoes on side-posts of doorway in,73f.;
symbol of open hands in museums of,79;
red hand among aborigines of,83f.,93;
laying of corner-stones in,147;
survival of primitive sacredness of threshold in,147;
aborigines of, religious worship of,148;
boundary lines in,174;
symbol of covenant among primitive peoples in,201;
reverence for phallic emblems in,230.
America, South:
blood smeared on doorway in,73;
earliest form of temple in,144;
reverence for phallic emblems in,230;
serpent as religious symbol in,235.
America, United States of:
vice-consul of, in Egypt, reference to,7f.;
boundary marks in,126,182f.
American Architect, reference to the,175.
American Indians, red-hand symbolism among,85-93.
Amon, temple of, reference to,185.
Amorite, daughter of,213.
ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, sacrifice at threshold among,26.
Andersson, Charles John: cited,28.
Ani before throne of Osiris,257.
Animals:
images of, on Mordvin door-posts,42f.;
substituted for human beings in sacrifice,46;
lower, as distinguished from man,223.
Animals sacrificed. SeeSacrifice.
Ankh, orcrux ansata,201.
Anointing door-posts among Latins,29f.
Antariksha invoked on door-sill,15.
Antelii presiding over entrance,97.
Antiquary, The, reference to,50.
Anu, gate of, reference to,95
Apaches:
prominence of red hand among,87;
reference to,88.
Aphrodisias, altar on threshold in ancient,121.
Apollo:
temple of, at Delphi,134;
represented by female oracle,236;
slayer of serpent,236.
Apollo Agyieus, altar of, placed before house among Greeks,72.
Apollo Thyræus, at entrance,97.
Arabia:
crossing threshold in,10;
blood at door-post to secure protection in,59f.;
kissing threshold in,129;
Eve settling in,164;
Abraham’s visit to Ishmael in,200;
use of pigeon poult’s blood in,248.
Arabic term for woman,256.
Arabs:
of Central Africa, blood welcome among,9;
sacrifice at threshold among,26;
“house of hair” of,57;
of Syrian Desert, doorway sacrifice in joining another tribe,58f.;
red hand on houses of, in Jerusalem,76;
welycommon as place of worship for, in Egypt,129;
exhibit of evidences among,249.
Arafat near Meccah,163f.
Arapahoes, red hand among,87.
Arch, memorial, meaning of,103.
Archangel, foundation sacrifice in,54.
Architecture:
influence of Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt in doorway,60;
of temples in China and Japan,101;
sacredness of threshold recognized in,102.
Arcot, Nabob of, banners with painted hands carried before,78.
Areca-nut eaten in marriage covenant in Borneo,34.
Arickarees, red hand among,87.
Ark of Hebrews in house of Dagon,116.
Armenian Christians, blood on threshold among,26.
Armenians, sacred inscriptions above doorway of,71.
Arta, bridge of, story of burying women alive to secure,52.
Artemis Propylæa at Eleusis,134.
Aryan origin of red hand,75.
Aryan races:
reference to,197;
language and customs of,199.
Asherah, command to Israelites concerning,233.
Ashtaroth, symbol of,214.
Ashurnâsirapli, references to,178,184.
Asia:
bloody hand in marriage in,93;
traces of primitive sacredness of doorway found in,132;
boundary lines in,174.
See, also,China,India,Japan.
Asia Minor:
human sacrifice in,47f.;
references to,93,132,174;
altar on threshold in early Christian remains in,121.
Askuppu, word for threshold,110.
Asshur and his worshipers represented with uplifted hands,80.
Assioot:
threshold sacrifice at,7f.;
General Grant at border line of,186.
Assyria:
images buried under threshold in,14;
crossing threshold in marriage in ancient,39;
influence of, shown in architecture of doorways,60;
uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;
inscriptions at doorway in,108f.;
guardians of threshold in,111;
Zephaniah’s curse on,115;
reverence for phallic emblems in,230.
Assyrian:
wordnish–lifting up hand,83;
city gates named after special god,95;
god Nergal beneath threshold,95;
gods Ea and Merodach at gate of house,95;
monuments on doorway shrine,105;
king, sculptured image of, with arms uplifted,115;
kings and boundary lines,177;
kings offering sacrifices at boundaries of empire,184;
temples, furniture of,207;
sculpture, testimony of,231,257.
Assyro-Babylonians and boundary lines,185.
Athaliah, priests assigned to service at threshold in days of,120.
Athenian generals offering sacrifices to Mercury,172.
Atlas upholding heaven,132.
Attica and Peloponnesus, boundary between,180.
Aubrey, John: cited,74.
Avaika, or under world,152.
Avatea, part man and part fish,152.
Azila, reference to,62.
Aztecs, marriage ceremonies among,246.
Baal, symbol of,214.“Bab,” or Door, spiritual head of Babists,103.Babel, tower of, or door of God,103.Babelon, Ernest, reference to,60.Bâb-ilu, Bâbi-ilu, Bab-el, Door of God,103.Babist sect in Persia,103f.Babylon:Daniel as judge in,64;reference to,75;king of, recognized by uplifted hand,80;building of walls of,109f.;gates dedicated to gods in,110;temples with altars outside in,111f.;kings of,154;final overthrow of,211;reverence for phallic emblems in,230;ancient, in religious symbolism,234.Babylonia:inscriptions placed at threshold in,22;influence shown in architecture of doorways,60;red hand on houses and animals in,75;uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;swinging doors in religious symbolism of,105;sanctity of doorway in,108f.;guardians of threshold in,111;crossing threshold in death in literature and legends of,112f.;sacredness of doorway above threshold in,126f.;temple building in,153;boundaries in,177;indications of presence of deity in,201;ancient, religions of, and serpent as symbol,235.Babylonian:tablet of Nebuchadrezzar on gate as place of justice,60;character for house, palace, and temple identical,99f.;monuments on doorway shrine,105;literature, reference to,109;Hades surrounded by seven walls with seven gates,113;idea of future life,128;king, reference to last,153;sun-god Shamash,201;temples, furniture of,207.Babylonian and Oriental Record, reference to,231.Babylonian Talmud, reference to,253.Babylonians, twofold symbols among,200.Bagdad, khaleefs of, threshold custom of,10.Baker, Sir Samuel W., quotation from,9.Balawat gates, gods and kings at,105.Baldensperger, P.J.: cited,29.Bali:meaning of word,15;placed on door-sill among Hindoos,15;offering demanded at all doors,15.Ballads, popular, on human sacrifice in foundation building,52.Baltimore, Lord, boundary lines reported to,182.Bancroft, H.H.:cited,34f.,45,56,144,146,202,247;reference to,108.Bangalore, serpent worship in,258f.Banks of lakes as boundaries,178.Banners inscribed with open hand in Turkey and Persia,78.Baptism, place of, in early churches,137.Baptismal custom with reference to threshold,18f.Baptismal font, location of, in Protestant Episcopal churches,147.Baptist, John the, mission of,218.Baring-Gould, Rev. S.: quotation from,138f.Barker, W.B., reference to,257.Barnabas and Paul at Lystra,135.“Bason” word forsaphin English Bible,206.Bat:under threshold in Roumania,20;superstitions among primitive peoples regarding,20.Baveddeen, famous threshold stone at,124.Bay and laurel in doorway at marriage among Romans,73.Bayt-el-Walli, rock grotto of,180.Beans under threshold, among Magyars,19f.“Beating the bounds:”in England,174;in New England,176.Beccah. SeeMeccah.Becker, W.A.: cited,37,41,72f.Beer-sheba, well at, in dispute,170.Beginning of religious rites,199,225.Beirut. SeeBeyroot.Bektashi derwishes of Syria, threshold custom of,10.Bel, gate of, reference to,95.Bel-Merodach, new king of ancient Babylon adopted by,80.Belford, marriage customs at,142.Beltis, gate of, reference to,95.Beltis-Allat:“lady of the great hand,”113;brandishing serpent in either hand,235.Benjamin, S.G.W.: cited,71.Bent, J. Theodore: cited,107,131.Bergeron, Pierre: cited,13.Berlin, keys of captured cities in museum of,262.Beth-el: Jacob at,160; meaning of,160.Betrothal:ceremony in Russia,32;threshold custom in Central America,34.Beyroot, boundary marks near,178.Biaz, B.: cited,21.Bible:carried into new home in Pennsylvania,21;references to lifting up hands unto God,82f.;references to leaping over threshold,117;reference to temple threshold as fitting place of worship,117;its record of man,224.Bingham, Joseph:cited,136;quotation from,136f.Bird, Isabella: cited,20,72,96,101,104 f.,126,151.Birth:custom in Bombay,17;new, help to,199.Birthday, striking child on his,176.Bishop, Isabella Bird. SeeIsabella Bird.Bishop of Paris, reference to,139.“Bismillah,” use of word, on passing threshold,10.Black hand:among Pecos,87f.,Jicarilla Apaches,89f.;in Korea,93f.Black stone of Meccah, reference to,10.Blessing, spiritual, represented in Assyrian sculpture,231.Bliss, Dr. Frederick J.: cited,58.Blood:welcome at door in Syria and Egypt,3-10;stepping over, in East,4f.,7f.,26;coffee as substitute for,5;salt as substitute for,5,9,20;in threshold in Central Africa,8f.;poured out on threshold in covenanting,14f.;threshold sprinkled with, in Ireland,21;hospitality in outpoured, among Arabs,23;at threshold in marriage ceremony in desert of Sinai, in Egypt, in Turkey,26;stepping over, in marriage in Cyprus,27;wedding-party to step over, among Armenians,27;stepping over in Central Africa,28;and fire, significance of,40;world-wide custom of laying foundations in,46;foundation-laying in, in Hindostan, Burmah, Tennasserin, Borneo, Japan, Galam, Yarriba, Polynesia,51f.;on foundation-stone in Greece,53;of thousands of captives at consecration of altar in Mexico,56;on threshold deemed essential factor in covenant with deity,57;voice of, among Arabs,59;poured across road to secure help in necessity in Morocco,63;hand dipped in, struck upon door-posts in Stamboul,66f.;on lintel and door-posts,66;of wedding sacrifice placed on door-posts,67f.;sentences in, on door-posts as protection from disease in China,71;on bow, or threshold, of Chinese junk,72;affixed to post or walls of new house in Palestine,76f.;of Christians, hand dipped in, stamped on wall to seal victory over them,77;or ink used in hand or finger stamp,93f.;of sacrifice sprinkled on door in Guatemala,98;of sacrifice at base of altar at Yeha,131;proffer of, foundation of family,194;stains exhibited in Western Africa,246.“Blood of the grape,” in covenant,5,8.Blood-color, doorways painted,104.Bloody grass representing dignity and power,15.Bloody hand:stamped in dough placed on lintel,28f.;on lintel of temple at Jerusalem,67;on walls among Jews in Tunis,78f.;red seal on modern documents probably survival of,94;in testimony to covenant,244f.See, also,Red hand.Bloody sacrifices at temple thresholds in India,122.Blue hands on houses in Palestine,76.Blunt, J.H.: cited,137.Boaz meeting elders at gate in justice to Ruth and Naomi,64.“Bodhi-Gaya,” reference to,156.Body, not to cross threshold,23-25.Bombay Anthropological Society, reference to,17.Bombay, birth custom at,17.Bomoi pronaioi,134.Bonavia, Dr., reference to,231.Bonomi, Joseph: his suggestion regarding word “teraphim,”109.Booddha:commanding temple to be built,156;and serpent,236.Booddha-drum, reference to,156.Booddha-hood, Sakya Sinha attaining to,156.“Booddha’s foot,”156.Booddhism concerning temple,156.Booddhist:Gog and Magog of,96;temples, doorways apart from,104;temples, pilgrims at threshold of,125;prayer in Tibet,199.Book of Records, Chinese, reference to,158.“Book of the Dead,” Egyptian, references to,128f.,257.Border landmarks, form of,170f.Border lines referred to,183.Borneo:pig’s blood sprinkled at door in,20;marriage custom in,34;survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.Borsippa:sanctity of doorway in,108f.;temple of, threshold plated with zarîru,111.Bothnia, East, iron bar on threshold for cows to cross,17.Botta, P.E.: cited,109.Boundary:references to,13,17,154,165-192,234;as place of worship and sacrifice,166;stones, importance of,167;Nebo protector of,177.Bourke, Capt. J.G.: cited,87.Bowing:to gate on leaving bride’s home in Russia,44;before threshold,126.Boys sacrificed in Central America,145.Brahmanas, reference to,197.Brahmanic religion concerning temples,155f.Brahmanical Mahâdeva, commanding temple to be built,156.Brandy offered to threshold gods in Russia,32f.,43f.Bread:placed under threshold as “gods’” portion,32;thrown over bride at door in Scotland,34,44;and honey placed on bride’s gate-post in Russia,42f.Bread and salt:at threshold in Russia,9;in hospitality among Arabs,22;as factors in sacred covenant,32.“Breaking the stick” at threshold in Skarpanto,31.Bremen, skeleton of child found in walls of Bridge Gate of,50.Bridal couple carried across threshold in Central America,45.Bride:made to step over blood of sacrifice in Syria,26;in Central Africa,27f.;called “princess” at wedding in Russia,32;bread thrown over, at door in Scotland,34,44;carried over threshold among Towkas,35,in Abyssinia, Egypt, and Upper Syria,38,in West Africa,39,in Russia,44;to step over threshold among Hindoos,36f.;not lifted over threshold in India,38;borne in sedan-chair to new home,39f.;carried over fire in China,40;worshiping at altar-fire of new home in India, China, Greece, and Rome,41;inducted into household office at hearth,44;represented by the Church,218,221.Bridegroom:to step over blood at threshold in Central Africa,27f.;bread thrown over, at door,34;Jesus called,218;of blood,244.British envoy welcomed at threshold of Kauzeroon,189.Bronze bulls on gates of Babylon,109f.“Bronze threshold,” reference to,132.Broom laid across door-sill in Pennsylvania,21.Browne, Edward G., reference to,104.Bruce, James:quotation from,9;cited,38,130.Brugsch Bey: references to,103,127,161,179f.,184f.Brush-topped pole as symbol,214.“Buddha-Gaya,” reference to,156.“Buddha-pad,” reference to,156.Buffaloes sacrificed in Egypt,7.Bühler, G.: cited,169.Bukohōla temple in Sandwich Islands,150.Bulgarian foundation custom,53.Bullock:sacrificed at door for guest,4;sacrifice of,7f.Bulls:winged, with human heads to guard entrance way,95;of bronze on gates of Babylon,109f.;as guardians of threshold in Babylonia,110f.;of bronze, in Babylon,234.Bunsen, Chevalier, reference to,111.Burckhardt, John Lewis: cited,26,38,191,244-246.Burder, Samuel: cited,13.Burials made under threshold in East and West,25.Buried images, symbols and treasures under temple doorways,109.Burmah, survival of foundation laying in blood in,51f.Burton, Richard F.:cited,164;quotation from,248f.Burying women and children in foundation,18,50.Bush as symbol of feminine in nature,214.Bush, George, reference to,112.Busrah, women exhibiting evidences at,248.Butter or honey smeared on door-posts among Wallachians,29.Buxtorf, John: cited,200,253.“By door,” entering house,6.Byzantine age, sarcophagi of, showing altar at threshold,121.
Baal, symbol of,214.
“Bab,” or Door, spiritual head of Babists,103.
Babel, tower of, or door of God,103.
Babelon, Ernest, reference to,60.
Bâb-ilu, Bâbi-ilu, Bab-el, Door of God,103.
Babist sect in Persia,103f.
Babylon:
Daniel as judge in,64;
reference to,75;
king of, recognized by uplifted hand,80;
building of walls of,109f.;
gates dedicated to gods in,110;
temples with altars outside in,111f.;
kings of,154;
final overthrow of,211;
reverence for phallic emblems in,230;
ancient, in religious symbolism,234.
Babylonia:
inscriptions placed at threshold in,22;
influence shown in architecture of doorways,60;
red hand on houses and animals in,75;
uplifted hand in representing deities of,79;
swinging doors in religious symbolism of,105;
sanctity of doorway in,108f.;
guardians of threshold in,111;
crossing threshold in death in literature and legends of,112f.;
sacredness of doorway above threshold in,126f.;
temple building in,153;
boundaries in,177;
indications of presence of deity in,201;
ancient, religions of, and serpent as symbol,235.
Babylonian:
tablet of Nebuchadrezzar on gate as place of justice,60;
character for house, palace, and temple identical,99f.;
monuments on doorway shrine,105;
literature, reference to,109;
Hades surrounded by seven walls with seven gates,113;
idea of future life,128;
king, reference to last,153;
sun-god Shamash,201;
temples, furniture of,207.
Babylonian and Oriental Record, reference to,231.
Babylonian Talmud, reference to,253.
Babylonians, twofold symbols among,200.
Bagdad, khaleefs of, threshold custom of,10.
Baker, Sir Samuel W., quotation from,9.
Balawat gates, gods and kings at,105.
Baldensperger, P.J.: cited,29.
Bali:
meaning of word,15;
placed on door-sill among Hindoos,15;
offering demanded at all doors,15.
Ballads, popular, on human sacrifice in foundation building,52.
Baltimore, Lord, boundary lines reported to,182.
Bancroft, H.H.:
cited,34f.,45,56,144,146,202,247;
reference to,108.
Bangalore, serpent worship in,258f.
Banks of lakes as boundaries,178.
Banners inscribed with open hand in Turkey and Persia,78.
Baptism, place of, in early churches,137.
Baptismal custom with reference to threshold,18f.
Baptismal font, location of, in Protestant Episcopal churches,147.
Baptist, John the, mission of,218.
Baring-Gould, Rev. S.: quotation from,138f.
Barker, W.B., reference to,257.
Barnabas and Paul at Lystra,135.
“Bason” word forsaphin English Bible,206.
Bat:
under threshold in Roumania,20;
superstitions among primitive peoples regarding,20.
Baveddeen, famous threshold stone at,124.
Bay and laurel in doorway at marriage among Romans,73.
Bayt-el-Walli, rock grotto of,180.
Beans under threshold, among Magyars,19f.
“Beating the bounds:”
in England,174;
in New England,176.
Beccah. SeeMeccah.
Becker, W.A.: cited,37,41,72f.
Beer-sheba, well at, in dispute,170.
Beginning of religious rites,199,225.
Beirut. SeeBeyroot.
Bektashi derwishes of Syria, threshold custom of,10.
Bel, gate of, reference to,95.
Bel-Merodach, new king of ancient Babylon adopted by,80.
Belford, marriage customs at,142.
Beltis, gate of, reference to,95.
Beltis-Allat:
“lady of the great hand,”113;
brandishing serpent in either hand,235.
Benjamin, S.G.W.: cited,71.
Bent, J. Theodore: cited,107,131.
Bergeron, Pierre: cited,13.
Berlin, keys of captured cities in museum of,262.
Beth-el: Jacob at,160; meaning of,160.
Betrothal:
ceremony in Russia,32;
threshold custom in Central America,34.
Beyroot, boundary marks near,178.
Biaz, B.: cited,21.
Bible:
carried into new home in Pennsylvania,21;
references to lifting up hands unto God,82f.;
references to leaping over threshold,117;
reference to temple threshold as fitting place of worship,117;
its record of man,224.
Bingham, Joseph:
cited,136;
quotation from,136f.
Bird, Isabella: cited,20,72,96,101,104 f.,126,151.
Birth:
custom in Bombay,17;
new, help to,199.
Birthday, striking child on his,176.
Bishop, Isabella Bird. SeeIsabella Bird.
Bishop of Paris, reference to,139.
“Bismillah,” use of word, on passing threshold,10.
Black hand:
among Pecos,87f.,
Jicarilla Apaches,89f.;
in Korea,93f.
Black stone of Meccah, reference to,10.
Blessing, spiritual, represented in Assyrian sculpture,231.
Bliss, Dr. Frederick J.: cited,58.
Blood:
welcome at door in Syria and Egypt,3-10;
stepping over, in East,4f.,7f.,26;
coffee as substitute for,5;
salt as substitute for,5,9,20;
in threshold in Central Africa,8f.;
poured out on threshold in covenanting,14f.;
threshold sprinkled with, in Ireland,21;
hospitality in outpoured, among Arabs,23;
at threshold in marriage ceremony in desert of Sinai, in Egypt, in Turkey,26;
stepping over, in marriage in Cyprus,27;
wedding-party to step over, among Armenians,27;
stepping over in Central Africa,28;
and fire, significance of,40;
world-wide custom of laying foundations in,46;
foundation-laying in, in Hindostan, Burmah, Tennasserin, Borneo, Japan, Galam, Yarriba, Polynesia,51f.;
on foundation-stone in Greece,53;
of thousands of captives at consecration of altar in Mexico,56;
on threshold deemed essential factor in covenant with deity,57;
voice of, among Arabs,59;
poured across road to secure help in necessity in Morocco,63;
hand dipped in, struck upon door-posts in Stamboul,66f.;
on lintel and door-posts,66;
of wedding sacrifice placed on door-posts,67f.;
sentences in, on door-posts as protection from disease in China,71;
on bow, or threshold, of Chinese junk,72;
affixed to post or walls of new house in Palestine,76f.;
of Christians, hand dipped in, stamped on wall to seal victory over them,77;
or ink used in hand or finger stamp,93f.;
of sacrifice sprinkled on door in Guatemala,98;
of sacrifice at base of altar at Yeha,131;
proffer of, foundation of family,194;
stains exhibited in Western Africa,246.
“Blood of the grape,” in covenant,5,8.
Blood-color, doorways painted,104.
Bloody grass representing dignity and power,15.
Bloody hand:
stamped in dough placed on lintel,28f.;
on lintel of temple at Jerusalem,67;
on walls among Jews in Tunis,78f.;
red seal on modern documents probably survival of,94;
in testimony to covenant,244f.
See, also,Red hand.
Bloody sacrifices at temple thresholds in India,122.
Blue hands on houses in Palestine,76.
Blunt, J.H.: cited,137.
Boaz meeting elders at gate in justice to Ruth and Naomi,64.
“Bodhi-Gaya,” reference to,156.
Body, not to cross threshold,23-25.
Bombay Anthropological Society, reference to,17.
Bombay, birth custom at,17.
Bomoi pronaioi,134.
Bonavia, Dr., reference to,231.
Bonomi, Joseph: his suggestion regarding word “teraphim,”109.
Booddha:
commanding temple to be built,156;
and serpent,236.
Booddha-drum, reference to,156.
Booddha-hood, Sakya Sinha attaining to,156.
“Booddha’s foot,”156.
Booddhism concerning temple,156.
Booddhist:
Gog and Magog of,96;
temples, doorways apart from,104;
temples, pilgrims at threshold of,125;
prayer in Tibet,199.
Book of Records, Chinese, reference to,158.
“Book of the Dead,” Egyptian, references to,128f.,257.
Border landmarks, form of,170f.
Border lines referred to,183.
Borneo:
pig’s blood sprinkled at door in,20;
marriage custom in,34;
survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.
Borsippa:
sanctity of doorway in,108f.;
temple of, threshold plated with zarîru,111.
Bothnia, East, iron bar on threshold for cows to cross,17.
Botta, P.E.: cited,109.
Boundary:
references to,13,17,154,165-192,234;
as place of worship and sacrifice,166;
stones, importance of,167;
Nebo protector of,177.
Bourke, Capt. J.G.: cited,87.
Bowing:
to gate on leaving bride’s home in Russia,44;
before threshold,126.
Boys sacrificed in Central America,145.
Brahmanas, reference to,197.
Brahmanic religion concerning temples,155f.
Brahmanical Mahâdeva, commanding temple to be built,156.
Brandy offered to threshold gods in Russia,32f.,43f.
Bread:
placed under threshold as “gods’” portion,32;
thrown over bride at door in Scotland,34,44;
and honey placed on bride’s gate-post in Russia,42f.
Bread and salt:
at threshold in Russia,9;
in hospitality among Arabs,22;
as factors in sacred covenant,32.
“Breaking the stick” at threshold in Skarpanto,31.
Bremen, skeleton of child found in walls of Bridge Gate of,50.
Bridal couple carried across threshold in Central America,45.
Bride:
made to step over blood of sacrifice in Syria,26;
in Central Africa,27f.;
called “princess” at wedding in Russia,32;
bread thrown over, at door in Scotland,34,44;
carried over threshold among Towkas,35,
in Abyssinia, Egypt, and Upper Syria,38,
in West Africa,39,
in Russia,44;
to step over threshold among Hindoos,36f.;
not lifted over threshold in India,38;
borne in sedan-chair to new home,39f.;
carried over fire in China,40;
worshiping at altar-fire of new home in India, China, Greece, and Rome,41;
inducted into household office at hearth,44;
represented by the Church,218,221.
Bridegroom:
to step over blood at threshold in Central Africa,27f.;
bread thrown over, at door,34;
Jesus called,218;
of blood,244.
British envoy welcomed at threshold of Kauzeroon,189.
Bronze bulls on gates of Babylon,109f.
“Bronze threshold,” reference to,132.
Broom laid across door-sill in Pennsylvania,21.
Browne, Edward G., reference to,104.
Bruce, James:
quotation from,9;
cited,38,130.
Brugsch Bey: references to,103,127,161,179f.,184f.
Brush-topped pole as symbol,214.
“Buddha-Gaya,” reference to,156.
“Buddha-pad,” reference to,156.
Buffaloes sacrificed in Egypt,7.
Bühler, G.: cited,169.
Bukohōla temple in Sandwich Islands,150.
Bulgarian foundation custom,53.
Bullock:
sacrificed at door for guest,4;
sacrifice of,7f.
Bulls:
winged, with human heads to guard entrance way,95;
of bronze on gates of Babylon,109f.;
as guardians of threshold in Babylonia,110f.;
of bronze, in Babylon,234.
Bunsen, Chevalier, reference to,111.
Burckhardt, John Lewis: cited,26,38,191,244-246.
Burder, Samuel: cited,13.
Burials made under threshold in East and West,25.
Buried images, symbols and treasures under temple doorways,109.
Burmah, survival of foundation laying in blood in,51f.
Burton, Richard F.:
cited,164;
quotation from,248f.
Burying women and children in foundation,18,50.
Bush as symbol of feminine in nature,214.
Bush, George, reference to,112.
Busrah, women exhibiting evidences at,248.
Butter or honey smeared on door-posts among Wallachians,29.
Buxtorf, John: cited,200,253.
“By door,” entering house,6.
Byzantine age, sarcophagi of, showing altar at threshold,121.