Tablets, ancestral, of China,108.Tahiti, primitive threshold in,250.Tai Shan, reference to,158.Talisman, open hand as, in Europe, Africa, and America,79.Tallquist’s rendering of Assyrian word,83.Talmud:Jewish, references to,93,200,208,210f.,239;Babylonian, references to,211,253.Tammuz of Syria, reference to,115.Tangier, reference to,62.Tañoans, reference to,88.Targum, reference to,117.Tatars:treading on threshold among,13;importance of threshold among,39.Teheran, Shah of Persia entering,189.Tell el-Hesy, ram’s horn on doorway in,58.Tello, sanctity of doorway in,108f.Temple:waters of life flowing from under threshold of,114;doorway oldest form of, in Egypt,126;at Carthage, prominence of threshold in,130;in Greece,134;earliest form of, in Mexico, Central and South America,144;building in Babylonia,153;of Thor, in Iceland,160;at Jerusalem, site of,161;earliest forms of,229.Temples:preceded by houses,3;images under threshold of,14;as dwelling for deity,99;called “great house of the village” in Samoa,101;in form of stepped pyramid in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, Central America, Peru, and South Sea Islands,111;in Jacob’s dream,112;in Carthage,130;Egyptian, history of,155;as boundaries,178.Temptation, first, and symbol of tree and serpent,237.Tennasserin, survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.Tent:fire at entrance of,22f.;laying hold of, as appeal for hospitality in East,57;stamped with red hand among American Indians,83.“Teraphim” connected with threshold,109.Terence: cited,30.Terminalia, festival of,173.Terminus: god, represented by pillar,171-173.Tertullian: his warning against deities at doors and gates,97f.Teutonic thresholds made high,12.Thang, emperor of China,157.Thapsacus, equivalent of Tiphsakh,210.Thâvesar, temple of Siva at,157.Theban rite, kissing ground at threshold of shrine in,128.Thebes:temple of “Silver Threshold” at,127;symbols on temples of ancient,234.Theocritus: cited,73.Theseus setting up pillar,180f.Thief and robber, reference to word,260.Thieving goldsmith struck dead at threshold,122.Thomson, Dr. W.M.: cited,70,222.Thompson, President Robert Ellis: cited,176.Thor, temple of, in Iceland,160.Thorolf, reference to,160.Thousand and One Nights, reference to,248.Thuringian legend of burying child in foundation,49.Thyra, a translation ofsaph,207.Tiamat, reference to,235.Tiba, female god of Maui,150.Tibet:disemboweling of devotee in,125;Booddhist prayer in,199.Tiglath-Pileser I. and boundary lines,177.Tigris, sources of, boundary marks at,178.Tiki, descendant of Rongo,152.Times, The, London, reference to,61f.Timsah, Lake, reference to,180.Tiphsakh, meaning of,210.Tokens:covenant,66-74;of virginity,243f.Tomb:false door of, in Old Empire of Egypt,106f.;of kings of Persia, inscription relating to sacredness of gate in,124;of Alee, kissing threshold of,124;of Baha-ed-deen Nakishbend, threshold stone of,124f.;closed door in, representing deceased going to Osiris,128.Torch, marriage, origin of,226.Touching name of God with finger by Jews,69f.Towkas, marriage custom at threshold among,35.Treading on threshold forbidden:in Persia, Russia, Finland, United States, and among Teutons,11f.;in Europe and America,13;tabooed by Tatars,13.Tree:human sacrifices at foot of,8f.;pipal, in Upper India,156;a boundary landmark in primitive times,173f.;symbol of feminine in nature,214,230,238;and pillar, symbolism of,232;references to,237,259.“Tree of Knowledge,” reference to,156.Trees, sacred:near doorways in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, and India,104,156;grove of, in religious symbolisms,230.Tricha, bridge of, story of sacrifice in building of,52.Tristram, H.B.: cited,260.Trumbull, H. Clay: cited,3-5,57,123,180,226,244.Tseereem, Hebrew word for hinges,253.Tunis:bloody hand on walls in,78f.;symbol of open hand on graves near,79;Jewish custom in, on receiving praise,79.Turkestan, threshold stone at tomb of national saint of,125.Turkey, sacrifice of, in Ireland,21.Turkey:blood on threshold in marriage in,26;marriage custom among Greeks in,30;high court of, at palace door,65;banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in,78.Turkish building at Columbian Exposition, sacrifices at foundation of,57.Turner, Dr. George: cited,13,20,101,174,251f.Tuscany:threshold in folk customs in,17f.;exorcism with incense in,18;burning incense on threshold in,42.Tutelary deity, every building in Egypt placed under protection of,96f.Tylor, Dr. E.B.: cited,46,49,51f.,231.Uganda, charms on threshold and door in,15.Unchastity atoned for by sprinkling blood on threshold among Dyaks,20.Ungere, Latin for “to anoint,29 #$2#.United States:“Christening” a ship in,8;high thresholds in houses of,12;stepping over cracks in pavements in,13;Bible and salt carried over threshold in,21;lifting bride over threshold in,44;situation of front door in,55;foundation sacrifice in,57;horseshoes on door-posts in,73f.;survivals of primal sacredness of threshold in,147f.;boundary marks in,182;sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians of,259.Unleavened bread, feast of,216.Unxor, meaning of Latin word,29.Uplifted hand:in Carthage,78;in Tunis,78f.;represented among deities of Babylonia, Assyria, Phenicia, and Egypt,79f.;in seal of Ur-Gur, earliest ruler of “Ur of the Chaldees,”80;gods Sin, Shamash, and Asshur, with,80;Babylonian king recognized by,80;Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra with,81;Abraham with,82;Psalmist’s reference to,82;Isaiah’s reference to God’s,82;Assyrian and Hebrew words for swearing by,83;in judicial oath,83;found on stepped pyramid temples of Polynesia,83;power imparted to Egyptian king by touch of,85;in South Sea Islands,148.Uplifted threshold,144.Upsal, wedding customs in old temple of,140.“Ur of the Chaldees:”uplifted hand in seal of earliest ruler of,80;temple at,153;Abraham at,160.Ur-Gur, with uplifted hands before moon-god Sin,80.Usurtasen III., King: cited,179.Uxor, meaning of Latin word,29.Vairorongo, sacred stream of under-world, in Islands of Sea,152.Vambéry, Arminius: cited,125.Vari, or “The-very-beginning,” in Islands of Sea,151.Vātea, part man and part fish, in Islands of Sea,152.Vatican, bronze pine cone in gardens of,257.Vāttu, god of threshold in India,75.Vāttuma, god of threshold in India,95.Vāttuma Santhe, tribute to, god of threshold in India,95.Vaux, J. Edward: cited,140.Vedas, references to,99,197.Vedi, feminine in Sanskrit,197.Vedic:law of door-sill,15;Sutras on stepping over threshold,36f.;teachings concerning temples,155f.Vermilion paint for sign of red hand among Omahas,85.Verrall, Margaret de G. SeeHarrison and Verrall.Victor in Olympian games avoiding city gates,7.Virgil:cited,29f.;his description of arrival of Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.“Virgin Mary’s Hand” among Christians in Syria,77.“Virgin of Israel,”213,218.Virginity:tokens of,243f.;Bible testimony of tokens of,251.Vishnoo, god:reference to,95;pagoda of, reference to,121;foot of,156;seated on serpent,235.Vishnooism, concerning temples,156.“Vishnu-pad,” reference to,156.Vitruvius: his description of temple,36.Vlachs, indication of foundation sacrifice in ballad of,52.Vlam, name for “friend of the bridegroom” among Albanians,37f.“Vodyaoni,” sacrifice to, in Russia,19.Volck. SeeMülhau and Volck.Volga, altar as threshold among people on,32.Voltaire: cited,202.Von Löher and Joyner: reference to,231.Vulgate: reference to,207.Wake, C. Staniland. SeeWestropp and Wake.Wallace, Donald M.: reference to,176.Wallachia, story of foundation sacrifice in,52.Wallachians, marriage rite among,29.Washburn, President, of Robert College: cited,66f.Water:and corn offered on threshold,16f.;and honey for bride at threshold,30;poured out in pathway of bridegroom among Greeks of Turkey,30;of life underneath threshold, in legend of Ishtar,114;in temple at Jerusalem,114;holy, at doorway of Roman Catholic churches,147.Water-spirit, appeasing, in Russia,19.Weber’sDie Lehren d. Talmud, reference to,239.Wedding ceremonies:among ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, and Armenians in Turkey,26;in Syria,26,28f.,38,196;in Egypt,26,38,196;in Cyprus,27;among Somalis in Central Africa,27f.;in South Africa,28;among fellaheen of Palestine, and Wallachians,29;among Greeks of Turkey, and in Morea,30;in Rhodes,30f.;in island of Skarpanto and among Morlacchi, in Dalmatia,31;in portions of Russia,31f.;among Mordvins of Russia,32f.,41-44;in Holland,33;in Germany,33f.,138f.;among Sea Dyaks of Borneo,34;in Central America,34f.,45;in Scotland,34,44;among Towkas,35;among Hindoos,36-38,40f.;among Albanians,37f.;in India,38,40f.;in Madagascar,38;in Abyssinia,38f.,131;among tribes of West Africa, in ancient Assyria, among Khonds of Orissa, among Tatars, and among Eskimos,39;in ancient Rome,39-41;in China,39-41,196;in ancient Greece,39,41;in England,44,139-142;in Ireland,44,142;in United States,44,147f.;in France,139;in Sweden,140f.;in Dahomey, Liberia, in various parts of Europe, and in Samoa,196;among Muhammadans,247;among Christians at Haleb,248;in Darfour,249;in Samoa,251.Wedding:sacrifice in Cyprus,27;threshold custom in Skarpanto,31;in Russia,31f.;threshold or hearthstone covenant at,226.Weeping worship of Tammuz,115.Wely, a saint’s tomb, as place of worship in Egypt,129.Westropp and Wake: cited,230.White hand among American Indians,90.Wife:word for, among Latins,29;and threshold in Arabic,200,256;brush-topped pole, symbol of,214.Wilkins, W.J.G.: cited,198,235f.Wilkinson, Sir J.G.:quotation from,68f.;cited,81,96f.,100,106,127f.,201,234f.Williams, S. Wells: cited,40,71,96,108,158.Williams, Talcott, quotation from,62f.Window:coffin passed out of, to avoid threshold, in Europe and America,25;opened and door closed at death in Europe and America,25.Winged sun disk:over doors of temples in Egypt,127;and serpent in Egypt,234.Winnebagoes, prominence of hand among,84.Winter, feast at close of, among Slavonic peoples,19.Wisconsin, sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians in,259.Witham in Essex, marriage custom at,140.“Witness Heap” of covenant between Jacob and Laban,171.Woman:buried in foundation of bridge of Arta,52;four ages of, symbolized among American Indians,89f.;recognized as primitive altar,197;form of, pattern of altar form,197;and door in Hebrew Scriptures,253;in Arabic and German,256.Wood, Edward J.:cited,31,44,131,138,140-142;quotation from,139.Wood-apple as witness of marriage,259.Woolwas, betrothal custom at threshold among,34.Worms, door of synagogue in,144.Worship:at door in Egypt,127f.;covenant, spirit of all true,221;origin of rites of,226;phallic, perversion of purer idea,230;Hindoo, mode of,236;of serpent in Bangalore,258f.Wright, Julia McNair: cited,24.
Tablets, ancestral, of China,108.Tahiti, primitive threshold in,250.Tai Shan, reference to,158.Talisman, open hand as, in Europe, Africa, and America,79.Tallquist’s rendering of Assyrian word,83.Talmud:Jewish, references to,93,200,208,210f.,239;Babylonian, references to,211,253.Tammuz of Syria, reference to,115.Tangier, reference to,62.Tañoans, reference to,88.Targum, reference to,117.Tatars:treading on threshold among,13;importance of threshold among,39.Teheran, Shah of Persia entering,189.Tell el-Hesy, ram’s horn on doorway in,58.Tello, sanctity of doorway in,108f.Temple:waters of life flowing from under threshold of,114;doorway oldest form of, in Egypt,126;at Carthage, prominence of threshold in,130;in Greece,134;earliest form of, in Mexico, Central and South America,144;building in Babylonia,153;of Thor, in Iceland,160;at Jerusalem, site of,161;earliest forms of,229.Temples:preceded by houses,3;images under threshold of,14;as dwelling for deity,99;called “great house of the village” in Samoa,101;in form of stepped pyramid in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, Central America, Peru, and South Sea Islands,111;in Jacob’s dream,112;in Carthage,130;Egyptian, history of,155;as boundaries,178.Temptation, first, and symbol of tree and serpent,237.Tennasserin, survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.Tent:fire at entrance of,22f.;laying hold of, as appeal for hospitality in East,57;stamped with red hand among American Indians,83.“Teraphim” connected with threshold,109.Terence: cited,30.Terminalia, festival of,173.Terminus: god, represented by pillar,171-173.Tertullian: his warning against deities at doors and gates,97f.Teutonic thresholds made high,12.Thang, emperor of China,157.Thapsacus, equivalent of Tiphsakh,210.Thâvesar, temple of Siva at,157.Theban rite, kissing ground at threshold of shrine in,128.Thebes:temple of “Silver Threshold” at,127;symbols on temples of ancient,234.Theocritus: cited,73.Theseus setting up pillar,180f.Thief and robber, reference to word,260.Thieving goldsmith struck dead at threshold,122.Thomson, Dr. W.M.: cited,70,222.Thompson, President Robert Ellis: cited,176.Thor, temple of, in Iceland,160.Thorolf, reference to,160.Thousand and One Nights, reference to,248.Thuringian legend of burying child in foundation,49.Thyra, a translation ofsaph,207.Tiamat, reference to,235.Tiba, female god of Maui,150.Tibet:disemboweling of devotee in,125;Booddhist prayer in,199.Tiglath-Pileser I. and boundary lines,177.Tigris, sources of, boundary marks at,178.Tiki, descendant of Rongo,152.Times, The, London, reference to,61f.Timsah, Lake, reference to,180.Tiphsakh, meaning of,210.Tokens:covenant,66-74;of virginity,243f.Tomb:false door of, in Old Empire of Egypt,106f.;of kings of Persia, inscription relating to sacredness of gate in,124;of Alee, kissing threshold of,124;of Baha-ed-deen Nakishbend, threshold stone of,124f.;closed door in, representing deceased going to Osiris,128.Torch, marriage, origin of,226.Touching name of God with finger by Jews,69f.Towkas, marriage custom at threshold among,35.Treading on threshold forbidden:in Persia, Russia, Finland, United States, and among Teutons,11f.;in Europe and America,13;tabooed by Tatars,13.Tree:human sacrifices at foot of,8f.;pipal, in Upper India,156;a boundary landmark in primitive times,173f.;symbol of feminine in nature,214,230,238;and pillar, symbolism of,232;references to,237,259.“Tree of Knowledge,” reference to,156.Trees, sacred:near doorways in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, and India,104,156;grove of, in religious symbolisms,230.Tricha, bridge of, story of sacrifice in building of,52.Tristram, H.B.: cited,260.Trumbull, H. Clay: cited,3-5,57,123,180,226,244.Tseereem, Hebrew word for hinges,253.Tunis:bloody hand on walls in,78f.;symbol of open hand on graves near,79;Jewish custom in, on receiving praise,79.Turkestan, threshold stone at tomb of national saint of,125.Turkey, sacrifice of, in Ireland,21.Turkey:blood on threshold in marriage in,26;marriage custom among Greeks in,30;high court of, at palace door,65;banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in,78.Turkish building at Columbian Exposition, sacrifices at foundation of,57.Turner, Dr. George: cited,13,20,101,174,251f.Tuscany:threshold in folk customs in,17f.;exorcism with incense in,18;burning incense on threshold in,42.Tutelary deity, every building in Egypt placed under protection of,96f.Tylor, Dr. E.B.: cited,46,49,51f.,231.Uganda, charms on threshold and door in,15.Unchastity atoned for by sprinkling blood on threshold among Dyaks,20.Ungere, Latin for “to anoint,29 #$2#.United States:“Christening” a ship in,8;high thresholds in houses of,12;stepping over cracks in pavements in,13;Bible and salt carried over threshold in,21;lifting bride over threshold in,44;situation of front door in,55;foundation sacrifice in,57;horseshoes on door-posts in,73f.;survivals of primal sacredness of threshold in,147f.;boundary marks in,182;sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians of,259.Unleavened bread, feast of,216.Unxor, meaning of Latin word,29.Uplifted hand:in Carthage,78;in Tunis,78f.;represented among deities of Babylonia, Assyria, Phenicia, and Egypt,79f.;in seal of Ur-Gur, earliest ruler of “Ur of the Chaldees,”80;gods Sin, Shamash, and Asshur, with,80;Babylonian king recognized by,80;Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra with,81;Abraham with,82;Psalmist’s reference to,82;Isaiah’s reference to God’s,82;Assyrian and Hebrew words for swearing by,83;in judicial oath,83;found on stepped pyramid temples of Polynesia,83;power imparted to Egyptian king by touch of,85;in South Sea Islands,148.Uplifted threshold,144.Upsal, wedding customs in old temple of,140.“Ur of the Chaldees:”uplifted hand in seal of earliest ruler of,80;temple at,153;Abraham at,160.Ur-Gur, with uplifted hands before moon-god Sin,80.Usurtasen III., King: cited,179.Uxor, meaning of Latin word,29.Vairorongo, sacred stream of under-world, in Islands of Sea,152.Vambéry, Arminius: cited,125.Vari, or “The-very-beginning,” in Islands of Sea,151.Vātea, part man and part fish, in Islands of Sea,152.Vatican, bronze pine cone in gardens of,257.Vāttu, god of threshold in India,75.Vāttuma, god of threshold in India,95.Vāttuma Santhe, tribute to, god of threshold in India,95.Vaux, J. Edward: cited,140.Vedas, references to,99,197.Vedi, feminine in Sanskrit,197.Vedic:law of door-sill,15;Sutras on stepping over threshold,36f.;teachings concerning temples,155f.Vermilion paint for sign of red hand among Omahas,85.Verrall, Margaret de G. SeeHarrison and Verrall.Victor in Olympian games avoiding city gates,7.Virgil:cited,29f.;his description of arrival of Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.“Virgin Mary’s Hand” among Christians in Syria,77.“Virgin of Israel,”213,218.Virginity:tokens of,243f.;Bible testimony of tokens of,251.Vishnoo, god:reference to,95;pagoda of, reference to,121;foot of,156;seated on serpent,235.Vishnooism, concerning temples,156.“Vishnu-pad,” reference to,156.Vitruvius: his description of temple,36.Vlachs, indication of foundation sacrifice in ballad of,52.Vlam, name for “friend of the bridegroom” among Albanians,37f.“Vodyaoni,” sacrifice to, in Russia,19.Volck. SeeMülhau and Volck.Volga, altar as threshold among people on,32.Voltaire: cited,202.Von Löher and Joyner: reference to,231.Vulgate: reference to,207.Wake, C. Staniland. SeeWestropp and Wake.Wallace, Donald M.: reference to,176.Wallachia, story of foundation sacrifice in,52.Wallachians, marriage rite among,29.Washburn, President, of Robert College: cited,66f.Water:and corn offered on threshold,16f.;and honey for bride at threshold,30;poured out in pathway of bridegroom among Greeks of Turkey,30;of life underneath threshold, in legend of Ishtar,114;in temple at Jerusalem,114;holy, at doorway of Roman Catholic churches,147.Water-spirit, appeasing, in Russia,19.Weber’sDie Lehren d. Talmud, reference to,239.Wedding ceremonies:among ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, and Armenians in Turkey,26;in Syria,26,28f.,38,196;in Egypt,26,38,196;in Cyprus,27;among Somalis in Central Africa,27f.;in South Africa,28;among fellaheen of Palestine, and Wallachians,29;among Greeks of Turkey, and in Morea,30;in Rhodes,30f.;in island of Skarpanto and among Morlacchi, in Dalmatia,31;in portions of Russia,31f.;among Mordvins of Russia,32f.,41-44;in Holland,33;in Germany,33f.,138f.;among Sea Dyaks of Borneo,34;in Central America,34f.,45;in Scotland,34,44;among Towkas,35;among Hindoos,36-38,40f.;among Albanians,37f.;in India,38,40f.;in Madagascar,38;in Abyssinia,38f.,131;among tribes of West Africa, in ancient Assyria, among Khonds of Orissa, among Tatars, and among Eskimos,39;in ancient Rome,39-41;in China,39-41,196;in ancient Greece,39,41;in England,44,139-142;in Ireland,44,142;in United States,44,147f.;in France,139;in Sweden,140f.;in Dahomey, Liberia, in various parts of Europe, and in Samoa,196;among Muhammadans,247;among Christians at Haleb,248;in Darfour,249;in Samoa,251.Wedding:sacrifice in Cyprus,27;threshold custom in Skarpanto,31;in Russia,31f.;threshold or hearthstone covenant at,226.Weeping worship of Tammuz,115.Wely, a saint’s tomb, as place of worship in Egypt,129.Westropp and Wake: cited,230.White hand among American Indians,90.Wife:word for, among Latins,29;and threshold in Arabic,200,256;brush-topped pole, symbol of,214.Wilkins, W.J.G.: cited,198,235f.Wilkinson, Sir J.G.:quotation from,68f.;cited,81,96f.,100,106,127f.,201,234f.Williams, S. Wells: cited,40,71,96,108,158.Williams, Talcott, quotation from,62f.Window:coffin passed out of, to avoid threshold, in Europe and America,25;opened and door closed at death in Europe and America,25.Winged sun disk:over doors of temples in Egypt,127;and serpent in Egypt,234.Winnebagoes, prominence of hand among,84.Winter, feast at close of, among Slavonic peoples,19.Wisconsin, sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians in,259.Witham in Essex, marriage custom at,140.“Witness Heap” of covenant between Jacob and Laban,171.Woman:buried in foundation of bridge of Arta,52;four ages of, symbolized among American Indians,89f.;recognized as primitive altar,197;form of, pattern of altar form,197;and door in Hebrew Scriptures,253;in Arabic and German,256.Wood, Edward J.:cited,31,44,131,138,140-142;quotation from,139.Wood-apple as witness of marriage,259.Woolwas, betrothal custom at threshold among,34.Worms, door of synagogue in,144.Worship:at door in Egypt,127f.;covenant, spirit of all true,221;origin of rites of,226;phallic, perversion of purer idea,230;Hindoo, mode of,236;of serpent in Bangalore,258f.Wright, Julia McNair: cited,24.
Tablets, ancestral, of China,108.Tahiti, primitive threshold in,250.Tai Shan, reference to,158.Talisman, open hand as, in Europe, Africa, and America,79.Tallquist’s rendering of Assyrian word,83.Talmud:Jewish, references to,93,200,208,210f.,239;Babylonian, references to,211,253.Tammuz of Syria, reference to,115.Tangier, reference to,62.Tañoans, reference to,88.Targum, reference to,117.Tatars:treading on threshold among,13;importance of threshold among,39.Teheran, Shah of Persia entering,189.Tell el-Hesy, ram’s horn on doorway in,58.Tello, sanctity of doorway in,108f.Temple:waters of life flowing from under threshold of,114;doorway oldest form of, in Egypt,126;at Carthage, prominence of threshold in,130;in Greece,134;earliest form of, in Mexico, Central and South America,144;building in Babylonia,153;of Thor, in Iceland,160;at Jerusalem, site of,161;earliest forms of,229.Temples:preceded by houses,3;images under threshold of,14;as dwelling for deity,99;called “great house of the village” in Samoa,101;in form of stepped pyramid in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, Central America, Peru, and South Sea Islands,111;in Jacob’s dream,112;in Carthage,130;Egyptian, history of,155;as boundaries,178.Temptation, first, and symbol of tree and serpent,237.Tennasserin, survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.Tent:fire at entrance of,22f.;laying hold of, as appeal for hospitality in East,57;stamped with red hand among American Indians,83.“Teraphim” connected with threshold,109.Terence: cited,30.Terminalia, festival of,173.Terminus: god, represented by pillar,171-173.Tertullian: his warning against deities at doors and gates,97f.Teutonic thresholds made high,12.Thang, emperor of China,157.Thapsacus, equivalent of Tiphsakh,210.Thâvesar, temple of Siva at,157.Theban rite, kissing ground at threshold of shrine in,128.Thebes:temple of “Silver Threshold” at,127;symbols on temples of ancient,234.Theocritus: cited,73.Theseus setting up pillar,180f.Thief and robber, reference to word,260.Thieving goldsmith struck dead at threshold,122.Thomson, Dr. W.M.: cited,70,222.Thompson, President Robert Ellis: cited,176.Thor, temple of, in Iceland,160.Thorolf, reference to,160.Thousand and One Nights, reference to,248.Thuringian legend of burying child in foundation,49.Thyra, a translation ofsaph,207.Tiamat, reference to,235.Tiba, female god of Maui,150.Tibet:disemboweling of devotee in,125;Booddhist prayer in,199.Tiglath-Pileser I. and boundary lines,177.Tigris, sources of, boundary marks at,178.Tiki, descendant of Rongo,152.Times, The, London, reference to,61f.Timsah, Lake, reference to,180.Tiphsakh, meaning of,210.Tokens:covenant,66-74;of virginity,243f.Tomb:false door of, in Old Empire of Egypt,106f.;of kings of Persia, inscription relating to sacredness of gate in,124;of Alee, kissing threshold of,124;of Baha-ed-deen Nakishbend, threshold stone of,124f.;closed door in, representing deceased going to Osiris,128.Torch, marriage, origin of,226.Touching name of God with finger by Jews,69f.Towkas, marriage custom at threshold among,35.Treading on threshold forbidden:in Persia, Russia, Finland, United States, and among Teutons,11f.;in Europe and America,13;tabooed by Tatars,13.Tree:human sacrifices at foot of,8f.;pipal, in Upper India,156;a boundary landmark in primitive times,173f.;symbol of feminine in nature,214,230,238;and pillar, symbolism of,232;references to,237,259.“Tree of Knowledge,” reference to,156.Trees, sacred:near doorways in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, and India,104,156;grove of, in religious symbolisms,230.Tricha, bridge of, story of sacrifice in building of,52.Tristram, H.B.: cited,260.Trumbull, H. Clay: cited,3-5,57,123,180,226,244.Tseereem, Hebrew word for hinges,253.Tunis:bloody hand on walls in,78f.;symbol of open hand on graves near,79;Jewish custom in, on receiving praise,79.Turkestan, threshold stone at tomb of national saint of,125.Turkey, sacrifice of, in Ireland,21.Turkey:blood on threshold in marriage in,26;marriage custom among Greeks in,30;high court of, at palace door,65;banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in,78.Turkish building at Columbian Exposition, sacrifices at foundation of,57.Turner, Dr. George: cited,13,20,101,174,251f.Tuscany:threshold in folk customs in,17f.;exorcism with incense in,18;burning incense on threshold in,42.Tutelary deity, every building in Egypt placed under protection of,96f.Tylor, Dr. E.B.: cited,46,49,51f.,231.
Tablets, ancestral, of China,108.
Tahiti, primitive threshold in,250.
Tai Shan, reference to,158.
Talisman, open hand as, in Europe, Africa, and America,79.
Tallquist’s rendering of Assyrian word,83.
Talmud:
Jewish, references to,93,200,208,210f.,239;
Babylonian, references to,211,253.
Tammuz of Syria, reference to,115.
Tangier, reference to,62.
Tañoans, reference to,88.
Targum, reference to,117.
Tatars:
treading on threshold among,13;
importance of threshold among,39.
Teheran, Shah of Persia entering,189.
Tell el-Hesy, ram’s horn on doorway in,58.
Tello, sanctity of doorway in,108f.
Temple:
waters of life flowing from under threshold of,114;
doorway oldest form of, in Egypt,126;
at Carthage, prominence of threshold in,130;
in Greece,134;
earliest form of, in Mexico, Central and South America,144;
building in Babylonia,153;
of Thor, in Iceland,160;
at Jerusalem, site of,161;
earliest forms of,229.
Temples:
preceded by houses,3;
images under threshold of,14;
as dwelling for deity,99;
called “great house of the village” in Samoa,101;
in form of stepped pyramid in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, Central America, Peru, and South Sea Islands,111;
in Jacob’s dream,112;
in Carthage,130;
Egyptian, history of,155;
as boundaries,178.
Temptation, first, and symbol of tree and serpent,237.
Tennasserin, survival of foundation-laying in blood in,51f.
Tent:
fire at entrance of,22f.;
laying hold of, as appeal for hospitality in East,57;
stamped with red hand among American Indians,83.
“Teraphim” connected with threshold,109.
Terence: cited,30.
Terminalia, festival of,173.
Terminus: god, represented by pillar,171-173.
Tertullian: his warning against deities at doors and gates,97f.
Teutonic thresholds made high,12.
Thang, emperor of China,157.
Thapsacus, equivalent of Tiphsakh,210.
Thâvesar, temple of Siva at,157.
Theban rite, kissing ground at threshold of shrine in,128.
Thebes:
temple of “Silver Threshold” at,127;
symbols on temples of ancient,234.
Theocritus: cited,73.
Theseus setting up pillar,180f.
Thief and robber, reference to word,260.
Thieving goldsmith struck dead at threshold,122.
Thomson, Dr. W.M.: cited,70,222.
Thompson, President Robert Ellis: cited,176.
Thor, temple of, in Iceland,160.
Thorolf, reference to,160.
Thousand and One Nights, reference to,248.
Thuringian legend of burying child in foundation,49.
Thyra, a translation ofsaph,207.
Tiamat, reference to,235.
Tiba, female god of Maui,150.
Tibet:
disemboweling of devotee in,125;
Booddhist prayer in,199.
Tiglath-Pileser I. and boundary lines,177.
Tigris, sources of, boundary marks at,178.
Tiki, descendant of Rongo,152.
Times, The, London, reference to,61f.
Timsah, Lake, reference to,180.
Tiphsakh, meaning of,210.
Tokens:
covenant,66-74;
of virginity,243f.
Tomb:
false door of, in Old Empire of Egypt,106f.;
of kings of Persia, inscription relating to sacredness of gate in,124;
of Alee, kissing threshold of,124;
of Baha-ed-deen Nakishbend, threshold stone of,124f.;
closed door in, representing deceased going to Osiris,128.
Torch, marriage, origin of,226.
Touching name of God with finger by Jews,69f.
Towkas, marriage custom at threshold among,35.
Treading on threshold forbidden:
in Persia, Russia, Finland, United States, and among Teutons,11f.;
in Europe and America,13;
tabooed by Tatars,13.
Tree:
human sacrifices at foot of,8f.;
pipal, in Upper India,156;
a boundary landmark in primitive times,173f.;
symbol of feminine in nature,214,230,238;
and pillar, symbolism of,232;
references to,237,259.
“Tree of Knowledge,” reference to,156.
Trees, sacred:
near doorways in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, and India,104,156;
grove of, in religious symbolisms,230.
Tricha, bridge of, story of sacrifice in building of,52.
Tristram, H.B.: cited,260.
Trumbull, H. Clay: cited,3-5,57,123,180,226,244.
Tseereem, Hebrew word for hinges,253.
Tunis:
bloody hand on walls in,78f.;
symbol of open hand on graves near,79;
Jewish custom in, on receiving praise,79.
Turkestan, threshold stone at tomb of national saint of,125.
Turkey, sacrifice of, in Ireland,21.
Turkey:
blood on threshold in marriage in,26;
marriage custom among Greeks in,30;
high court of, at palace door,65;
banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in,78.
Turkish building at Columbian Exposition, sacrifices at foundation of,57.
Turner, Dr. George: cited,13,20,101,174,251f.
Tuscany:
threshold in folk customs in,17f.;
exorcism with incense in,18;
burning incense on threshold in,42.
Tutelary deity, every building in Egypt placed under protection of,96f.
Tylor, Dr. E.B.: cited,46,49,51f.,231.
Uganda, charms on threshold and door in,15.Unchastity atoned for by sprinkling blood on threshold among Dyaks,20.Ungere, Latin for “to anoint,29 #$2#.United States:“Christening” a ship in,8;high thresholds in houses of,12;stepping over cracks in pavements in,13;Bible and salt carried over threshold in,21;lifting bride over threshold in,44;situation of front door in,55;foundation sacrifice in,57;horseshoes on door-posts in,73f.;survivals of primal sacredness of threshold in,147f.;boundary marks in,182;sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians of,259.Unleavened bread, feast of,216.Unxor, meaning of Latin word,29.Uplifted hand:in Carthage,78;in Tunis,78f.;represented among deities of Babylonia, Assyria, Phenicia, and Egypt,79f.;in seal of Ur-Gur, earliest ruler of “Ur of the Chaldees,”80;gods Sin, Shamash, and Asshur, with,80;Babylonian king recognized by,80;Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra with,81;Abraham with,82;Psalmist’s reference to,82;Isaiah’s reference to God’s,82;Assyrian and Hebrew words for swearing by,83;in judicial oath,83;found on stepped pyramid temples of Polynesia,83;power imparted to Egyptian king by touch of,85;in South Sea Islands,148.Uplifted threshold,144.Upsal, wedding customs in old temple of,140.“Ur of the Chaldees:”uplifted hand in seal of earliest ruler of,80;temple at,153;Abraham at,160.Ur-Gur, with uplifted hands before moon-god Sin,80.Usurtasen III., King: cited,179.Uxor, meaning of Latin word,29.
Uganda, charms on threshold and door in,15.
Unchastity atoned for by sprinkling blood on threshold among Dyaks,20.
Ungere, Latin for “to anoint,29 #$2#.
United States:
“Christening” a ship in,8;
high thresholds in houses of,12;
stepping over cracks in pavements in,13;
Bible and salt carried over threshold in,21;
lifting bride over threshold in,44;
situation of front door in,55;
foundation sacrifice in,57;
horseshoes on door-posts in,73f.;
survivals of primal sacredness of threshold in,147f.;
boundary marks in,182;
sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians of,259.
Unleavened bread, feast of,216.
Unxor, meaning of Latin word,29.
Uplifted hand:
in Carthage,78;
in Tunis,78f.;
represented among deities of Babylonia, Assyria, Phenicia, and Egypt,79f.;
in seal of Ur-Gur, earliest ruler of “Ur of the Chaldees,”80;
gods Sin, Shamash, and Asshur, with,80;
Babylonian king recognized by,80;
Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra with,81;
Abraham with,82;
Psalmist’s reference to,82;
Isaiah’s reference to God’s,82;
Assyrian and Hebrew words for swearing by,83;
in judicial oath,83;
found on stepped pyramid temples of Polynesia,83;
power imparted to Egyptian king by touch of,85;
in South Sea Islands,148.
Uplifted threshold,144.
Upsal, wedding customs in old temple of,140.
“Ur of the Chaldees:”
uplifted hand in seal of earliest ruler of,80;
temple at,153;
Abraham at,160.
Ur-Gur, with uplifted hands before moon-god Sin,80.
Usurtasen III., King: cited,179.
Uxor, meaning of Latin word,29.
Vairorongo, sacred stream of under-world, in Islands of Sea,152.Vambéry, Arminius: cited,125.Vari, or “The-very-beginning,” in Islands of Sea,151.Vātea, part man and part fish, in Islands of Sea,152.Vatican, bronze pine cone in gardens of,257.Vāttu, god of threshold in India,75.Vāttuma, god of threshold in India,95.Vāttuma Santhe, tribute to, god of threshold in India,95.Vaux, J. Edward: cited,140.Vedas, references to,99,197.Vedi, feminine in Sanskrit,197.Vedic:law of door-sill,15;Sutras on stepping over threshold,36f.;teachings concerning temples,155f.Vermilion paint for sign of red hand among Omahas,85.Verrall, Margaret de G. SeeHarrison and Verrall.Victor in Olympian games avoiding city gates,7.Virgil:cited,29f.;his description of arrival of Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.“Virgin Mary’s Hand” among Christians in Syria,77.“Virgin of Israel,”213,218.Virginity:tokens of,243f.;Bible testimony of tokens of,251.Vishnoo, god:reference to,95;pagoda of, reference to,121;foot of,156;seated on serpent,235.Vishnooism, concerning temples,156.“Vishnu-pad,” reference to,156.Vitruvius: his description of temple,36.Vlachs, indication of foundation sacrifice in ballad of,52.Vlam, name for “friend of the bridegroom” among Albanians,37f.“Vodyaoni,” sacrifice to, in Russia,19.Volck. SeeMülhau and Volck.Volga, altar as threshold among people on,32.Voltaire: cited,202.Von Löher and Joyner: reference to,231.Vulgate: reference to,207.
Vairorongo, sacred stream of under-world, in Islands of Sea,152.
Vambéry, Arminius: cited,125.
Vari, or “The-very-beginning,” in Islands of Sea,151.
Vātea, part man and part fish, in Islands of Sea,152.
Vatican, bronze pine cone in gardens of,257.
Vāttu, god of threshold in India,75.
Vāttuma, god of threshold in India,95.
Vāttuma Santhe, tribute to, god of threshold in India,95.
Vaux, J. Edward: cited,140.
Vedas, references to,99,197.
Vedi, feminine in Sanskrit,197.
Vedic:
law of door-sill,15;
Sutras on stepping over threshold,36f.;
teachings concerning temples,155f.
Vermilion paint for sign of red hand among Omahas,85.
Verrall, Margaret de G. SeeHarrison and Verrall.
Victor in Olympian games avoiding city gates,7.
Virgil:
cited,29f.;
his description of arrival of Æneas at court of Queen Dido,130.
“Virgin Mary’s Hand” among Christians in Syria,77.
“Virgin of Israel,”213,218.
Virginity:
tokens of,243f.;
Bible testimony of tokens of,251.
Vishnoo, god:
reference to,95;
pagoda of, reference to,121;
foot of,156;
seated on serpent,235.
Vishnooism, concerning temples,156.
“Vishnu-pad,” reference to,156.
Vitruvius: his description of temple,36.
Vlachs, indication of foundation sacrifice in ballad of,52.
Vlam, name for “friend of the bridegroom” among Albanians,37f.
“Vodyaoni,” sacrifice to, in Russia,19.
Volck. SeeMülhau and Volck.
Volga, altar as threshold among people on,32.
Voltaire: cited,202.
Von Löher and Joyner: reference to,231.
Vulgate: reference to,207.
Wake, C. Staniland. SeeWestropp and Wake.Wallace, Donald M.: reference to,176.Wallachia, story of foundation sacrifice in,52.Wallachians, marriage rite among,29.Washburn, President, of Robert College: cited,66f.Water:and corn offered on threshold,16f.;and honey for bride at threshold,30;poured out in pathway of bridegroom among Greeks of Turkey,30;of life underneath threshold, in legend of Ishtar,114;in temple at Jerusalem,114;holy, at doorway of Roman Catholic churches,147.Water-spirit, appeasing, in Russia,19.Weber’sDie Lehren d. Talmud, reference to,239.Wedding ceremonies:among ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, and Armenians in Turkey,26;in Syria,26,28f.,38,196;in Egypt,26,38,196;in Cyprus,27;among Somalis in Central Africa,27f.;in South Africa,28;among fellaheen of Palestine, and Wallachians,29;among Greeks of Turkey, and in Morea,30;in Rhodes,30f.;in island of Skarpanto and among Morlacchi, in Dalmatia,31;in portions of Russia,31f.;among Mordvins of Russia,32f.,41-44;in Holland,33;in Germany,33f.,138f.;among Sea Dyaks of Borneo,34;in Central America,34f.,45;in Scotland,34,44;among Towkas,35;among Hindoos,36-38,40f.;among Albanians,37f.;in India,38,40f.;in Madagascar,38;in Abyssinia,38f.,131;among tribes of West Africa, in ancient Assyria, among Khonds of Orissa, among Tatars, and among Eskimos,39;in ancient Rome,39-41;in China,39-41,196;in ancient Greece,39,41;in England,44,139-142;in Ireland,44,142;in United States,44,147f.;in France,139;in Sweden,140f.;in Dahomey, Liberia, in various parts of Europe, and in Samoa,196;among Muhammadans,247;among Christians at Haleb,248;in Darfour,249;in Samoa,251.Wedding:sacrifice in Cyprus,27;threshold custom in Skarpanto,31;in Russia,31f.;threshold or hearthstone covenant at,226.Weeping worship of Tammuz,115.Wely, a saint’s tomb, as place of worship in Egypt,129.Westropp and Wake: cited,230.White hand among American Indians,90.Wife:word for, among Latins,29;and threshold in Arabic,200,256;brush-topped pole, symbol of,214.Wilkins, W.J.G.: cited,198,235f.Wilkinson, Sir J.G.:quotation from,68f.;cited,81,96f.,100,106,127f.,201,234f.Williams, S. Wells: cited,40,71,96,108,158.Williams, Talcott, quotation from,62f.Window:coffin passed out of, to avoid threshold, in Europe and America,25;opened and door closed at death in Europe and America,25.Winged sun disk:over doors of temples in Egypt,127;and serpent in Egypt,234.Winnebagoes, prominence of hand among,84.Winter, feast at close of, among Slavonic peoples,19.Wisconsin, sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians in,259.Witham in Essex, marriage custom at,140.“Witness Heap” of covenant between Jacob and Laban,171.Woman:buried in foundation of bridge of Arta,52;four ages of, symbolized among American Indians,89f.;recognized as primitive altar,197;form of, pattern of altar form,197;and door in Hebrew Scriptures,253;in Arabic and German,256.Wood, Edward J.:cited,31,44,131,138,140-142;quotation from,139.Wood-apple as witness of marriage,259.Woolwas, betrothal custom at threshold among,34.Worms, door of synagogue in,144.Worship:at door in Egypt,127f.;covenant, spirit of all true,221;origin of rites of,226;phallic, perversion of purer idea,230;Hindoo, mode of,236;of serpent in Bangalore,258f.Wright, Julia McNair: cited,24.
Wake, C. Staniland. SeeWestropp and Wake.
Wallace, Donald M.: reference to,176.
Wallachia, story of foundation sacrifice in,52.
Wallachians, marriage rite among,29.
Washburn, President, of Robert College: cited,66f.
Water:
and corn offered on threshold,16f.;
and honey for bride at threshold,30;
poured out in pathway of bridegroom among Greeks of Turkey,30;
of life underneath threshold, in legend of Ishtar,114;
in temple at Jerusalem,114;
holy, at doorway of Roman Catholic churches,147.
Water-spirit, appeasing, in Russia,19.
Weber’sDie Lehren d. Talmud, reference to,239.
Wedding ceremonies:
among ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, and Armenians in Turkey,26;
in Syria,26,28f.,38,196;
in Egypt,26,38,196;
in Cyprus,27;
among Somalis in Central Africa,27f.;
in South Africa,28;
among fellaheen of Palestine, and Wallachians,29;
among Greeks of Turkey, and in Morea,30;
in Rhodes,30f.;
in island of Skarpanto and among Morlacchi, in Dalmatia,31;
in portions of Russia,31f.;
among Mordvins of Russia,32f.,41-44;
in Holland,33;
in Germany,33f.,138f.;
among Sea Dyaks of Borneo,34;
in Central America,34f.,45;
in Scotland,34,44;
among Towkas,35;
among Hindoos,36-38,40f.;
among Albanians,37f.;
in India,38,40f.;
in Madagascar,38;
in Abyssinia,38f.,131;
among tribes of West Africa, in ancient Assyria, among Khonds of Orissa, among Tatars, and among Eskimos,39;
in ancient Rome,39-41;
in China,39-41,196;
in ancient Greece,39,41;
in England,44,139-142;
in Ireland,44,142;
in United States,44,147f.;
in France,139;
in Sweden,140f.;
in Dahomey, Liberia, in various parts of Europe, and in Samoa,196;
among Muhammadans,247;
among Christians at Haleb,248;
in Darfour,249;
in Samoa,251.
Wedding:
sacrifice in Cyprus,27;
threshold custom in Skarpanto,31;
in Russia,31f.;
threshold or hearthstone covenant at,226.
Weeping worship of Tammuz,115.
Wely, a saint’s tomb, as place of worship in Egypt,129.
Westropp and Wake: cited,230.
White hand among American Indians,90.
Wife:
word for, among Latins,29;
and threshold in Arabic,200,256;
brush-topped pole, symbol of,214.
Wilkins, W.J.G.: cited,198,235f.
Wilkinson, Sir J.G.:
quotation from,68f.;
cited,81,96f.,100,106,127f.,201,234f.
Williams, S. Wells: cited,40,71,96,108,158.
Williams, Talcott, quotation from,62f.
Window:
coffin passed out of, to avoid threshold, in Europe and America,25;
opened and door closed at death in Europe and America,25.
Winged sun disk:
over doors of temples in Egypt,127;
and serpent in Egypt,234.
Winnebagoes, prominence of hand among,84.
Winter, feast at close of, among Slavonic peoples,19.
Wisconsin, sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians in,259.
Witham in Essex, marriage custom at,140.
“Witness Heap” of covenant between Jacob and Laban,171.
Woman:
buried in foundation of bridge of Arta,52;
four ages of, symbolized among American Indians,89f.;
recognized as primitive altar,197;
form of, pattern of altar form,197;
and door in Hebrew Scriptures,253;
in Arabic and German,256.
Wood, Edward J.:
cited,31,44,131,138,140-142;
quotation from,139.
Wood-apple as witness of marriage,259.
Woolwas, betrothal custom at threshold among,34.
Worms, door of synagogue in,144.
Worship:
at door in Egypt,127f.;
covenant, spirit of all true,221;
origin of rites of,226;
phallic, perversion of purer idea,230;
Hindoo, mode of,236;
of serpent in Bangalore,258f.
Wright, Julia McNair: cited,24.