FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[1]L. M. Bristol, Social Adaptation,Harvard Economic Studies, Vol. XIV. Cambridge 1915.[2]Communist Manifesto. Authorized English Translation, Chicago, 1898.[3]W. J. Ghent, Mass and Class, Chap. 1. New York, 1905.[4]Grundriss der Sociologie; Moore's Translation, p. 85. Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci. Phil. 1899.[5]G. Tarde, Social Laws, p. 41. New York, 1899. The Laws of Imitation, p. 22. New York, 1903.[6]SeeChap. I.[7]i.e., The so-called, Intellectuals.[8]Economic Foundations of Society, pp. 51 seq. New York, 1889.[9]Cf.Chap. I.[10]The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York, 1899.[11]Inductive Sociology, p. 99, New York, 1901.[12]Descriptive and Historical Sociology, p. 275, New York, 1906.

[1]L. M. Bristol, Social Adaptation,Harvard Economic Studies, Vol. XIV. Cambridge 1915.

[2]Communist Manifesto. Authorized English Translation, Chicago, 1898.

[3]W. J. Ghent, Mass and Class, Chap. 1. New York, 1905.

[4]Grundriss der Sociologie; Moore's Translation, p. 85. Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci. Phil. 1899.

[5]G. Tarde, Social Laws, p. 41. New York, 1899. The Laws of Imitation, p. 22. New York, 1903.

[6]SeeChap. I.

[7]i.e., The so-called, Intellectuals.

[8]Economic Foundations of Society, pp. 51 seq. New York, 1889.

[9]Cf.Chap. I.

[10]The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York, 1899.

[11]Inductive Sociology, p. 99, New York, 1901.

[12]Descriptive and Historical Sociology, p. 275, New York, 1906.

Transcriber's notes:The following is a list of changes made to the original. The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.In all of them thecatastrophyis more or less immediatelyIn all of them thecatastropheis more or less immediatelyand finaljudgementwhich in the preceding form of belief wereand finaljudgmentwhich in the preceding form of belief wereis to bepreceededby tremendous portents of the most terrible sort.is to beprecededby tremendous portents of the most terrible sort.Thebiad. In fact a large number of JewishApocalyseswhich theThebiad. In fact a large number of JewishApocalypseswhich theHe maintains that in theMellennium, death will be abolishedHe maintains that in theMillennium, death will be abolishedApolinariswas indeed the most Judaising Christian in his ChiliasmApollinariswas indeed the most Judaizing Christian in his Chiliasmindignantly denounces as 'figments,' 'mere oldwivesfables' andindignantly denounces as 'figments,' 'mere oldwives'fables' and'doctrines of Jews.'[19]AlthoughApolinarianismwas condemned'doctrines of Jews.'[19]AlthoughApollinarianismwas condemnedof note in the west. It isaboundantlyevident however, from theof note in the west. It isabundantlyevident however, from theand incongruities as the pagan myths whichprovikedso manyand incongruities as the pagan myths whichprovokedso manyChiliasts--are held to beinsoluableas to the time of their appearance;Chiliasts--are held to beinsolubleas to the time of their appearance;dead, and yet to be born. The entity was eternal,indestructable,dead, and yet to be born. The entity was eternal,indestructible,the otherwise unintelligible success of that saint incombattingthe otherwise unintelligible success of that saint incombatingexpression to this accomplished fact and it is noderrogationof hisexpression to this accomplished fact and it is noderogationof hiswords restriction in matrimony whetherChilasticor monastic is duewords restriction in matrimony whetherChiliasticor monastic is dueof the movement, were influenced more byChilasticconcepts thanof the movement, were influenced more byChiliasticconcepts than[3] Cf. Parables in I Enoch XXXVII-IXXI.[3] Cf. Parables in I Enoch XXXVII-LXXI.[4] Cf. Apocalypse ofBaurch; 4 Ezra, 4 Maccabees.[4] Cf. Apocalypse ofBaruch; 4 Ezra, 4 Maccabees.Fourth: What may be distinguished as the specificallyChristainFourth: What may be distinguished as the specificallyChristianthepuposeof giving him a vest and an overcoat in addition to whatthepurposeof giving him a vest and an overcoat in addition to whatand rightly discharged his service toHim.[13]and rightly discharged his service toHim."[13]The inconsistent andirreconciliablenature of the evidence aboutThe inconsistent andirreconcilablenature of the evidence aboutreferences to interest, which mayperhpasbe due to the fact that inreferences to interest, which mayperhapsbe due to the fact that incondeminginterest as such. In the minds of the early Christians thecondemninginterest as such. In the minds of the early Christians thepredilictionof certain types of pecuniary interest for that reformer'spredilectionof certain types of pecuniary interest for that reformer'ssystem ofeccliasticalpolity. The Roman law did indeed fix asystem ofecclesiasticalpolity. The Roman law did indeed fix aor act up to allthaythey believe. Imagine a man acting on theor act up to allthatthey believe. Imagine a man acting on theinstitution they were perfectlyfamilarand in universal observanceinstitution they were perfectlyfamiliarand in universal observanceIt was immoral to invest money in theconsrtuctioncompany thatIt was immoral to invest money in theconstructioncompany thateconomicandmatters--and on other matters also. The difference in aeconomic matters--and on other matters also. The difference in aAs soon asChristaindoctrines became widespread enough toAs soon asChristiandoctrines became widespread enough tovillangeor serfdom. But this change cut off the economic marginvilleinageor serfdom. But this change cut off the economic marginthat ofBibicalexegesis. In the well known sermon or essay on:that ofBiblicalexegesis. In the well known sermon or essay on:pyhsicalpossessions, but spiritual qualities of greed and avarice.physicalpossessions, but spiritual qualities of greed and avarice.that shall with difficulty enter into thekingdom,"is to be apprehendedthat shall with difficulty enter into thekingdom,is to be apprehendedthe reward of which is salvation." "Sell thypossessions." What isthe reward of which is salvation." "Sell thypossessions. What isexpositions of Christian Scripture, penning the most powerfulapologiticexpositions of Christian Scripture, penning the most powerfulapologetichonors upon the lowliestdrugery;[37]they turned princes into plowmenhonors upon the lowliestdrudgery;[37]they turned princes into plowmeninstitutions of society can indeed be changed. But they can be changed--orinstitutions of society can indeed be changed. But they can be changed--onlacktheoriticaljustification tend to accumulate such justificationlacktheoreticaljustification tend to accumulate such justificationthe spread ofChriatiantheology by liberating it from the burdenthe spread ofChristiantheology by liberating it from the burdeninfluence is economic. Christianity by teaching the virtues ofhonestyinfluence is economic. Christianity by teaching the virtues ofhonesty,Penticost and immediately afterwards was due primarily to the factPentecost and immediately afterwards was due primarily to the factbegan todevelopedoctrines and practices even slightly atbegan todevelopdoctrines and practices even slightly atmotive, the threatened loss oflivlihood, entering along with angermotive, the threatened loss oflivelihood, entering along with angerof the crowds only after agitationdiliberatelystirred up by interestedof the crowds only after agitationdeliberatelystirred up by interestedalso the villages and country places and yet itseespossible to stop it andalso the villages and country places and yet itseemspossible to stop it andteaching many not to sacrifice or to worship thegods.Speakingteaching many not to sacrifice or to worship thegods."Speakingpagan public. Mostnoticableof all is the indifference of the mobpagan public. Mostnoticeableof all is the indifference of the mobclamor and blows and draggings androberiesand stonings andclamor and blows and draggings androbberiesand stonings andmorethroughpermeation of the public mind by Christianity. Theremorethoroughpermeation of the public mind by Christianity. Therevery extent andthroughnessand duration of the persecutionvery extent andthoroughnessand duration of the persecutionbelongs in the reign of SeptimusSevernsinstead of that of Marcusbelongs in the reign of SeptimusSeverusinstead of that of Marcuscircumstances more or less inobeyance. On the whole it was undoubtedlycircumstances more or less inabeyance. On the whole it was undoubtedlymore violent at the end of the periodthamat the beginning.more violent at the end of the periodthanat the beginning.Serverus, 202A.D.In the account given by Eusebius of the martydomSeverus, 202A.D.In the account given by Eusebius of the martyrdomcase it was not the product of anyspontaniouspopular movement.case it was not the product of anyspontaneouspopular movement.They were not called forth by any imperial edict--theypreceededtheThey were not called forth by any imperial edict--theyprecededthegovernmental, legalprecesswould ever, or could ever, take on.governmental, legalprocesswould ever, or could ever, take on.persecution among us did not begin with the royal decree butproceededpersecution among us did not begin with the royal decree butprecededaccumlatedsentiment and social unrest must of necessity dischargeaccumulatedsentiment and social unrest must of necessity dischargeperhaps be goingbeyongthe evidence to say that in this interval,perhaps be goingbeyondthe evidence to say that in this interval,away from them and drove the Jews out of the city,permitingtheaway from them and drove the Jews out of the city,permittingthebeing reconciled to the bishop. Some of them thereforehurrriedbeing reconciled to the bishop. Some of them thereforehurriedpeople in a struggle over the mostobstruseand recondite metaphysicalpeople in a struggle over the mostabstruseand recondite metaphysicalto theChristiansmob movement against the pagans and to theto theChristians'mob movement against the pagans and to theexperience. (b) Operation as an isolatingdevice(c) Revolt againstexperience. (b) Operation as an isolatingdevice.(c) Revolt againstwere free from its defects as an instrument ofhierarchialambition.were free from its defects as an instrument ofhierarchicalambition.town of Phrygia was to become thecapitolof the world wide kingdomtown of Phrygia was to become thecapitalof the world wide kingdomproduced noalternationwhatever in the creeds of the Church. Asproduced noalterationwhatever in the creeds of the Church. Aseverpossible, by profound changes, of an economic nature, in theevenpossible, by profound changes, of an economic nature, in theof men toaneanother in the matter of making a living are the main,of men tooneanother in the matter of making a living are the main,associated with theloosinggroup, it suffered the natural fate of theassociated with thelosinggroup, it suffered the natural fate of theButscarcely has the inevitable course of events hounded to its"Butscarcely has the inevitable course of events hounded to its

Transcriber's notes:

The following is a list of changes made to the original. The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.

In all of them thecatastrophyis more or less immediatelyIn all of them thecatastropheis more or less immediately

and finaljudgementwhich in the preceding form of belief wereand finaljudgmentwhich in the preceding form of belief were

is to bepreceededby tremendous portents of the most terrible sort.is to beprecededby tremendous portents of the most terrible sort.

Thebiad. In fact a large number of JewishApocalyseswhich theThebiad. In fact a large number of JewishApocalypseswhich the

He maintains that in theMellennium, death will be abolishedHe maintains that in theMillennium, death will be abolished

Apolinariswas indeed the most Judaising Christian in his ChiliasmApollinariswas indeed the most Judaizing Christian in his Chiliasm

indignantly denounces as 'figments,' 'mere oldwivesfables' andindignantly denounces as 'figments,' 'mere oldwives'fables' and

'doctrines of Jews.'[19]AlthoughApolinarianismwas condemned'doctrines of Jews.'[19]AlthoughApollinarianismwas condemned

of note in the west. It isaboundantlyevident however, from theof note in the west. It isabundantlyevident however, from the

and incongruities as the pagan myths whichprovikedso manyand incongruities as the pagan myths whichprovokedso many

Chiliasts--are held to beinsoluableas to the time of their appearance;Chiliasts--are held to beinsolubleas to the time of their appearance;

dead, and yet to be born. The entity was eternal,indestructable,dead, and yet to be born. The entity was eternal,indestructible,

the otherwise unintelligible success of that saint incombattingthe otherwise unintelligible success of that saint incombating

expression to this accomplished fact and it is noderrogationof hisexpression to this accomplished fact and it is noderogationof his

words restriction in matrimony whetherChilasticor monastic is duewords restriction in matrimony whetherChiliasticor monastic is due

of the movement, were influenced more byChilasticconcepts thanof the movement, were influenced more byChiliasticconcepts than

[3] Cf. Parables in I Enoch XXXVII-IXXI.[3] Cf. Parables in I Enoch XXXVII-LXXI.

[4] Cf. Apocalypse ofBaurch; 4 Ezra, 4 Maccabees.[4] Cf. Apocalypse ofBaruch; 4 Ezra, 4 Maccabees.

Fourth: What may be distinguished as the specificallyChristainFourth: What may be distinguished as the specificallyChristian

thepuposeof giving him a vest and an overcoat in addition to whatthepurposeof giving him a vest and an overcoat in addition to what

and rightly discharged his service toHim.[13]and rightly discharged his service toHim."[13]

The inconsistent andirreconciliablenature of the evidence aboutThe inconsistent andirreconcilablenature of the evidence about

references to interest, which mayperhpasbe due to the fact that inreferences to interest, which mayperhapsbe due to the fact that in

condeminginterest as such. In the minds of the early Christians thecondemninginterest as such. In the minds of the early Christians the

predilictionof certain types of pecuniary interest for that reformer'spredilectionof certain types of pecuniary interest for that reformer's

system ofeccliasticalpolity. The Roman law did indeed fix asystem ofecclesiasticalpolity. The Roman law did indeed fix a

or act up to allthaythey believe. Imagine a man acting on theor act up to allthatthey believe. Imagine a man acting on the

institution they were perfectlyfamilarand in universal observanceinstitution they were perfectlyfamiliarand in universal observance

It was immoral to invest money in theconsrtuctioncompany thatIt was immoral to invest money in theconstructioncompany that

economicandmatters--and on other matters also. The difference in aeconomic matters--and on other matters also. The difference in a

As soon asChristaindoctrines became widespread enough toAs soon asChristiandoctrines became widespread enough to

villangeor serfdom. But this change cut off the economic marginvilleinageor serfdom. But this change cut off the economic margin

that ofBibicalexegesis. In the well known sermon or essay on:that ofBiblicalexegesis. In the well known sermon or essay on:

pyhsicalpossessions, but spiritual qualities of greed and avarice.physicalpossessions, but spiritual qualities of greed and avarice.

that shall with difficulty enter into thekingdom,"is to be apprehendedthat shall with difficulty enter into thekingdom,is to be apprehended

the reward of which is salvation." "Sell thypossessions." What isthe reward of which is salvation." "Sell thypossessions. What is

expositions of Christian Scripture, penning the most powerfulapologiticexpositions of Christian Scripture, penning the most powerfulapologetic

honors upon the lowliestdrugery;[37]they turned princes into plowmenhonors upon the lowliestdrudgery;[37]they turned princes into plowmen

institutions of society can indeed be changed. But they can be changed--orinstitutions of society can indeed be changed. But they can be changed--on

lacktheoriticaljustification tend to accumulate such justificationlacktheoreticaljustification tend to accumulate such justification

the spread ofChriatiantheology by liberating it from the burdenthe spread ofChristiantheology by liberating it from the burden

influence is economic. Christianity by teaching the virtues ofhonestyinfluence is economic. Christianity by teaching the virtues ofhonesty,

Penticost and immediately afterwards was due primarily to the factPentecost and immediately afterwards was due primarily to the fact

began todevelopedoctrines and practices even slightly atbegan todevelopdoctrines and practices even slightly at

motive, the threatened loss oflivlihood, entering along with angermotive, the threatened loss oflivelihood, entering along with anger

of the crowds only after agitationdiliberatelystirred up by interestedof the crowds only after agitationdeliberatelystirred up by interested

also the villages and country places and yet itseespossible to stop it andalso the villages and country places and yet itseemspossible to stop it and

teaching many not to sacrifice or to worship thegods.Speakingteaching many not to sacrifice or to worship thegods."Speaking

pagan public. Mostnoticableof all is the indifference of the mobpagan public. Mostnoticeableof all is the indifference of the mob

clamor and blows and draggings androberiesand stonings andclamor and blows and draggings androbberiesand stonings and

morethroughpermeation of the public mind by Christianity. Theremorethoroughpermeation of the public mind by Christianity. There

very extent andthroughnessand duration of the persecutionvery extent andthoroughnessand duration of the persecution

belongs in the reign of SeptimusSevernsinstead of that of Marcusbelongs in the reign of SeptimusSeverusinstead of that of Marcus

circumstances more or less inobeyance. On the whole it was undoubtedlycircumstances more or less inabeyance. On the whole it was undoubtedly

more violent at the end of the periodthamat the beginning.more violent at the end of the periodthanat the beginning.

Serverus, 202A.D.In the account given by Eusebius of the martydomSeverus, 202A.D.In the account given by Eusebius of the martyrdom

case it was not the product of anyspontaniouspopular movement.case it was not the product of anyspontaneouspopular movement.

They were not called forth by any imperial edict--theypreceededtheThey were not called forth by any imperial edict--theyprecededthe

governmental, legalprecesswould ever, or could ever, take on.governmental, legalprocesswould ever, or could ever, take on.

persecution among us did not begin with the royal decree butproceededpersecution among us did not begin with the royal decree butpreceded

accumlatedsentiment and social unrest must of necessity dischargeaccumulatedsentiment and social unrest must of necessity discharge

perhaps be goingbeyongthe evidence to say that in this interval,perhaps be goingbeyondthe evidence to say that in this interval,

away from them and drove the Jews out of the city,permitingtheaway from them and drove the Jews out of the city,permittingthe

being reconciled to the bishop. Some of them thereforehurrriedbeing reconciled to the bishop. Some of them thereforehurried

people in a struggle over the mostobstruseand recondite metaphysicalpeople in a struggle over the mostabstruseand recondite metaphysical

to theChristiansmob movement against the pagans and to theto theChristians'mob movement against the pagans and to the

experience. (b) Operation as an isolatingdevice(c) Revolt againstexperience. (b) Operation as an isolatingdevice.(c) Revolt against

were free from its defects as an instrument ofhierarchialambition.were free from its defects as an instrument ofhierarchicalambition.

town of Phrygia was to become thecapitolof the world wide kingdomtown of Phrygia was to become thecapitalof the world wide kingdom

produced noalternationwhatever in the creeds of the Church. Asproduced noalterationwhatever in the creeds of the Church. As

everpossible, by profound changes, of an economic nature, in theevenpossible, by profound changes, of an economic nature, in the

of men toaneanother in the matter of making a living are the main,of men tooneanother in the matter of making a living are the main,

associated with theloosinggroup, it suffered the natural fate of theassociated with thelosinggroup, it suffered the natural fate of the

Butscarcely has the inevitable course of events hounded to its"Butscarcely has the inevitable course of events hounded to its

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