Table of ContentsContents of Volume III Articles on Castes and Tribes of the Central Provinces in Alphabetical OrdervIllustrations in Volume IIIixPronunciationxiArticles on Castes and Tribes Garardia—Koshti2Gadaria31. General notice.32. Subdivisions.33. Marriage customs.54. Religion and funeral rites.55. Social customs.66. Goats and sheep.67. Blanket-weaving.88. Sanctity of wool.9Gadba91. Description and structure of the tribe.92. Marriage.103. Religious beliefs and festivals.114. Disposal of the dead.125. Occupation and mode of living.13Gānda141. Distribution and origin.142. Caste subdivisions.143. Marriage.154. Religion.165. Occupation and social status.16Gandhmāli17Gārpagāri191. Origin of the caste.192. Marriage.203. Religion.204. Occupation.215. Social status.24Gauria24GHASIA271. Description of the caste.272. Subcastes.283. Exogamous sections.284. Marriage.285. Religion and superstitions.296. Occupation.307. Social customs.308. Ghasias and Kāyasths.31Ghosi32Golar35GOND39(a)Origin and History411. Numbers and distribution.412. Gondwāna.413. Derivation of name and origin of the Gonds.424. History of the Gonds.445. Mythica traditions. Story of Lingo.476. Legend of the creation.497. Creation of the Gonds and their imprisonment by Mahādeo.508. The birth and history of Lingo.519. Death and resurrection of Lingo.5510. He releases the Gonds shut up in the cave and constitutes the tribe.56(b)Tribal Subdivisions6211. Subcastes.6212. Exogamy.6413. Totemism.6714. Connection of totemism with the gods.68(c)Marriage Customs7115. Prohibitions on intermarriage, and unions of relations.7116. Irregular marriages.7217. Marriage. Arrangement of matches.7318. The marriage ceremony.7319. Wedding expenditure.7420. Special customs.7621. Taking omens.7822. Marriage by capture. Weeping and hiding.7923. Serving for a wife.8024. Widow remarriage.8025. Divorce.8226. Polygamy.82(d)Birth and Pregnancy8327. Menstruation.8328. Superstitions about pregnancy and childbirth.8329. Procedure at a birth.8530. Names.8631. Superstitions about children.87(e)Funeral Rites8932. Disposal of the dead.8933. Funeral ceremony.8934. Mourning and offerings to the dead.9135. Memorial stones to the dead.9236. House abandoned after a death.9337. Bringing back the soul.9438. The dead absorbed in Bura Deo.9539. Belief in a future life.96(f)Religion9740. Nature of the Gond religion. The gods.9741. Tribal gods, and their place of residence.9842. Household gods.10043. Nāg Deo.10144. Nārāyan Deo.10145. Bura Deo.10246. Charms and magic.10347. Omens.10548. Agricultural superstitions.10649. Magical or religious observances in fishing and hunting.10750. Witchcraft.11051. Human sacrifice.11252. Cannibalism.11453. Festivals. The new crops.11554. The Holi festival.11655. The Meghnāth swinging rite.11656. The Karma and other rites.117(g)Appearance and Character, and Social Rules and Customs11857. Physical type.11858. Character.11959. Shyness and ignorance.12060. Villages and houses.12161. Clothes and ornaments.12262. Ear-piercing.12363. Hair.12364. Bathing and washing clothes.12465. Tattooing.12466. Special system of tattooing.12567. Branding.12768. Food.12869. Liquor.12970. Admission of outsiders and sexual morality.13071. Common sleeping-houses.13172. Methods of greeting and observances between relatives.13273. The castepanchāyatand social offences.13274. Caste penalty feasts.13475. Special purification ceremony.13576. Dancing.13677. Songs.13778. Language.138(h)Occupation13979. Cultivation.13980. Patch cultivation.14081. Hunting: traps for animals.141Gond-Gowāri143Gondhali144Gopāl147GOSAIN1501. Names for the Gosains.1502. The ten orders.1513. Initiation.1524. Dress.1525. Methods of begging and greetings.1546. The Dandis.1557. The Rāwanvansis.1558. Monasteries.1569. The fighting Gosains.15610. Burial.15811. Sexual indulgence.15812. Missionary work.15913. The Gosain caste.159Gowāri1601. Origin of the caste.1602. Subcastes.1613. Totemism and exogamy.1614. Marriage customs.1625. Funeral rites.1636. Religion.1637. Caste rules and thepanchāyat.1638. Social customs.164GŪJAR1661. Historical notice of the caste.1662. The Gūjars and the Khazars.1683. Predatory character of the Gūjars in northern India.1694. Subdivisions.1715. Marriage.1726. Disposal of the dead.1727. Religion.1738. Character.174GURAO1751. Origin of the caste.1752. Internal structure.1773. Marriage and ceremonies of adolescence.1784. Birth customs.1785. The sacred thread.1796. Funeral customs.1807. Social position.1818. The Jain Guraos.181HALBA1821. Traditions of the caste.1822. Halba landowners in Bastar and Bhandāra.1843. Internal structure: subcastes.1854. Exogamous sections.1865. Theory of the origin of the caste.1876. Marriage.1887. Importance of the sister’s son.1898. The wedding ceremony.1909. Going-away ceremony.19210. Widow-marriage and divorce.19311. Religion.19412. Disposal of the dead.19413. Propitiating the spirits of those who have died a violent death.19514. Impurity of women.19615. Childbirth.19616. Names.19717. Social status.19818. Castepanchāyat.19919. Dress.19920. Tattooing.20021. Occupation.201Halwai201Hatkar2041. Derivation and historical notice.2042. The Gauli Hatkar’s reverence for cattle.2053. Funeral rites.2064. Exogamous groups.206Hijra206Holia212Injhwār2131. Origin of the caste.2132. Subdivisions.2143. Marriage and other customs.2154. Occupation and social status.216Jādam217Jādua219Jangam222JĀT2251. Theories of the origin of the caste.2252. Sir D. Ibbetson’s description of the caste.2283. Are the Jāts and Rājpūts distinct?2284. The position of the Jāt in the Punjab.2295. Social status of the Jāts.2316. Brāhmanical legend of origin.2327. The Jāts in the Central Provinces.2338. Marriage customs.2339. Funeral rites.23410. The Paida ceremony.23411. Customs at birth.23512. Religion.23613. Social customs.23614. Occupation.237JHĀDI TELENGA2381. General notice.2382. Exogamous divisions.2383. Admission of outsiders.2394. Marriage.2395. Religion.2406. Names.2417. Magical devices2418. Occupation.242JOGI2431. The Yoga philosophy.2432. Abstraction of the senses or autohypnotism.2443. Breathing through either nostril.2464. Self-torture of the Jogis.2475. Resort to them for oracles.2496. Divisions of the order.2507. Hair and clothes.2508. Burial.2519. Festivals.25210. Caste subdivisions.25211. Begging.25212. Other occupations.25313. Swindling practices.25314. Proverbs about Jogis.254JOSHI2551. The village priest and astrologer.2552. The apparent path of the sun. The ecliptic or zodiac.2573. Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator.2594. The orbits of the moon and planets.2595. The signs of the zodiac.2606. The Sankrānts.2617. Thenakshatrasor constellations of the moon’s path.2618. The revolution of the moon.2639. The days of the week.26410. The lunar year.26611. Intercalary months.26612. Superstitions about numbers.26713. The Hindu months.26814. The solarnakshatras.27015. Lunar fortnights and days.27016. Divisions of the day.27117. The Joshi’s calculations.27218. Personal names.27319. Terminations of names.27720. Women’s names.27721. Special names and bad names.278Julāha279Kachera2811. Origin of the caste.2812. Exogamous groups.2813. Social customs.2824. Occupation.283KĀCHHI2851. General notice.2852. Subdivisions.2853. Marriage customs.2864. Childbirth.2875. Ear-piercing2876. Disposal of the dead.288Kadera2881. Historical notice.2882. Subdivisions.2893. Social customs.2894. Religion and occupation.290Kahār2911. Origin and statistics.2912. Thedolior palanquin.2923. Female bearers.2944. Indoor servants.294Kaikāri2961. Origin and traditions.2962. Marriage.2983. Religion.2994. Social customs and position.3005. Occupation.302Kalanga3021. Origin.3022. Subdivisions.3033. Marriage.3034. Social position.304KALĀR3061. Strength of the caste.3062. Internal structure.3063. Dandsena Kalārs in Chhattīsgarh.3074. Social customs.3085. Liquor held divine in Vedic times.3116. Subsequent prohibition of alcohol.3127. Spirits habitually drunk in ancient times.3138. Drunkenness and divine inspiration.3149. Sanctity of liquor among the Gonds and other castes.31610. Drugs also considered divine.31711. Opium and gānja.31912. Tobacco.32013. Customs in connection with drinking.321KAMĀR3231. Origin and traditions.3232. Subdivisions and marriage.3243. The sister’s son.3254. Menstruation.3255. Birth customs.3266. Death and inheritance.3267. Religious beliefs.3268. Veneration of iron and liquor.3289. Social customs and caste penalties.32810. Tattooing.32911. Hair.32912. Occupation and manner of life.32913. Their skill with bows and arrows.330KANJAR3311. Derivation of the Kanjars from the Doms.3312. The Kanjars and the Gipsies.3333. The Thugs derived from the Kanjars.3364. The Doms.3365. The criminal Kanjars.3376. The Kūnchband Kanjars.3387. Marriage and religion.3388. Social customs.3399. Industrial arts.340Kāpewār342Karan343KASAI3461. General notice of the caste.3462. The cattle-slaughtering industry.3473. Muhammadan rite ofzibahorhalāl.3484. Animism.3495. Animal-gods. The domestic animals.3496. Other animals.3527. Animals worshipped in India.3548. The sacrificial meal.3549. Primitive basis of kinship.35610. The bond of food.35711. The blood-feud.35712. Taking food together and hospitality.35813. The Romansacra.35814. The Hindu caste-feasts.35915. Sacrifice of the camel.36016. The joint sacrifice.36117. Animal sacrifices in Greece.36118. The Passover.36319. Sanctity of domestic animals.36420. Sacrificial slaughter for food.36521. Animal fights.36622. The sacrificial method of killing.36623. Animal sacrifices in Indian ritual.368Kasār3691. Distribution and origin of the caste.3692. Internal structure.3703. Social customs.3714. Occupation.372KASBI3731. General notice.3732. Girls dedicated to temples.3743. Music and dancing.3764. Education of courtesans.3775. Caste customs.3806. First pregnancy.3817. Different classes of women.3818. Dancing and singing.383Katia3841. General notice.3842. Subcastes and exogamous groups.3853. Marriage customs.3864. Funeral rites.3875. Social rules.387KAWAR3891. Tribal legend.3892. Tribal subdivisions.3903. Exogamous groups.3924. Betrothal and marriage.3935. Other customs connected with marriage.3956. Childbirth.3967. Disposal of the dead.3978. Laying spirits.3989. Religion.39910. Magic and witchcraft.40011. Dress.40112. Occupation and social rules.401KĀYASTH4041. General notice and legend of origin.4042. The origin of the caste.4053. The rise of the Kāyasths under foreign rulers.4084. The original profession of the Kāyasths.4105. The caste an offshoot from Brāhmans.4126. The success of the Kāyasths and their present position.4157. Subcastes.4168. Exogamy.4189. Marriage customs.41810. Marriage songs.41911. Social rules.42012. Birth customs.42113. Religion.42114. Social customs.42115. Occupation.422Kewat4221. General notice.4222. Exogamous divisions and marriage.4243. Social customs.425KHAIRWĀR4271. Historical notice of the tribe.4272. Its origin.4303. Tribal subdivisions.4314. Exogamous septs.4325. Marriage.4326. Disposal of the dead.4337. Religion.4348. Inheritance.4349. The Khairwas of Damoh.435Khandait436KHANGĀR4391. Origin and traditions.4392. Caste subdivisions.4403. Marriage.4414. Religion.4425. Social status.4436. Occupation.443KHARIA4451. General notice.4452. Legend of origin.4453. Subcastes.4474. Exogamy and totemism.4475. Marriage.4476. Taboos as to food.4497. Widow-marriage and divorce.4498. Religion.4499. Funeral rites.45010. Bringing back the souls of the dead.45011. Social customs.45112. Caste rules and organisation.45113. Occupation and character.45214. Language.453Khatīk453Khatri4561. Rājpūt origin.4562. Sir George Campbell’s account of the Khatris.4573. Higher and lower groups.4594. Marriage and funeral customs.460Khojāh461KHOND4641. Traditions of the tribe.4642. Tribal divisions.4653. Exogamous septs.4664. Marriage.4675. Customs at birth.4686. Disposal of the dead.4697. Occupation.4708. A Khond combat.4709. Social customs.47210. Festivals.47211. Religion.47312. Human sacrifice.47413. Last human sacrifices.47914. Khond rising in 1882.48015. Language.481Kīr4811. Origin and Traditions.4812. Marriage.4813. Religion.4834. Birth and death ceremonies.4845. Food, dress and occupation.485Kirār4851. Origin and traditions.4852. Marriage.4873. Religion.4904. Social customs.4925. Occupation.492Kohli4931. General notice.4932. Marriage and other customs.4953. The Kohlis as tank-builders.4974. Agricultural customs.4985. General characteristics.499KOL5001. General notice. Strength of the Kols in India.5002. Names of the tribe.5013. Origin of the Kolarian tribes.5034. The Kolarians and Dravidians.5045. Date of the Dravidian immigration.5046. Strength of the Kols in the Central Provinces.5087. Legend of origin.5088. Tribal subdivisions.5099. Totemism.51010. Marriage customs.51111. Divorce and widow-marriage.51212. Religion.51213. Witchcraft.51314. Funeral rites.51415. Inheritance.51516. Physical appearance.51617. Dances.51618. Social rules and offences.51719. The castepanchāyat.51720. Names.51821. Occupation.51922. Language.519KOLĀM5201. General notice of the tribe.5202. Marriage.5223. Disposal of the dead.5234. Religion and superstitions.5235. Social position.5246. Miscellaneous customs.525KOLHĀTI5271. Introductory notice.5272. Internal structure.5283. Marriage.5294. Funeral rites.5295. Other customs.5306. Occupation.531KOLI5321. General notice of the caste.5322. Subdivisions.5343. Exogamous divisions.5354. Widow-marriage or divorce.5355. Religion.5366. Disposal of the dead.5367. Social rules.536Kolta5371. Origin and traditions.5372. Exogamous groups.5383. Marriage5394. Religion.5415. Occupation.541Komti542Kori5451. Description of the caste.5452. Marriages5463. Customs at birth and death.5474. Religion.5485. Occupation and social status.548KORKU550List of Paragraphs5501. Distribution and origin.5502. Tribal legends.5513. Tribal subdivisions.5544. Marriage Betrothal.5565. The marriage ceremony.5576. Religion.5597. The Bhumka.5608. Magical practices.5629. Funeral rites.56410. Appearance and social customs.56611. Character.56812. Inheritance.56813. Occupation.56914. Language.570KORWA5711. General notice.5712. Physical appearance.5723. Subdivisions.5734. Marriage customs.5745. Funeral rites.5746. Religion.5757. Social customs.5758. Dancing.5759. Occupation.57610. Dacoity.57711. Folk-tales.577KOSHTI5811. General notice.5812. Subdivisions.5823. Marriage.5834. Funeral customs.5845. Religion.5856. Superstitions.5877. Clothes, etc.5878. Social rules and status.5889. Occupation.588

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