301.Brown, Wells, befriends the fugitive William Wells Brown,77.Brown, William Wells, befriended,77;conveyance of fugitives to Canada by,83,252;qualities of leadership in,340.Buchanan, James, amendments to Constitution in regard to fugitive slaves recommended by,286;Booth pardoned by,331;appealed to in Addison White case,334;on enforcement of Fugitive Slave law during his administration,353.Bucknel and Taylor, slave-owners,196.Buffalo,boat service to,83;release of alleged fugitives in,317.Burns, Anthony,Theodore Parker's memoranda on rendition of,8;Vigilance Committee fails to rescue,73;attempt to rescue,103;case of,251,271,283;rendition of,331-333.Burr, James E., one of abducting party of, Work and Thompson,155,156.Burroughes, George L., agent of Underground Road,70.Bushnell, Simeon, case of,270;penalty paid by,279.Buswell, N. C., on abduction by Canadian refugee,152.Butler, of South Carolina, on loss sustained by slave-owners,341.Buxton Settlement in Canada.SeeElgin Association.Buxton, Thomas Fowell,207.Cabot, Samuel, Jr.,103.Calhoun, on Drayton's expedition with the Pearl,173,174;on an enactment making it unlawful to aid fugitives,309;on the need of a new fugitive slave law,313; championship of the Slave Law of 1850,314.California, sanction of, to Slave Law of 1850,246.Calvinists.SeePresbyterian Church.Campbell, C. B.,58.Campbell, Dr. Alexander, reward for abduction of,53.Canada, escapes from the American colonies to,20,292;Clay's negotiations for extradition of fugitive slaves from,22,299,300;knowledge of, among slaves,27-30,180,182,197,198;underground routes through New York to,35;early arrival of fugitives in,43,44;entered from Detroit,66;number of fugitives forwarded to, by one abolitionist neighborhood before 1817,87;number sent to, by Chas. T. Torrey before 1844,88;fugitives received by people of Chief Brant in,92;terminals in,127,133,134;route to, via Portland, Me.,133;Ontario, the goal of the great majority of runaways,140,148;extent of the region in, settled by refugees,148,149;hospitality of,149;abductions by refugees of,152;excursions of the abductor Fairfield to,153,154;reception given Fairfield and his protégés on their arrival in,154;enthusiasm in, over John Brown's Missouri raid,165;part to be taken by refugees of, in Brown's plan of liberation,167;Dawn Institute in,168;delight of fugitives on reaching,178,196,197;ministrations of American Baptist Free Mission Society among refugees at Toronto,183;number assisted to, by abductor John Mason,184;trips of abductor Harriet Tubman to,187,189;position of Canada on slavery question,190,191;early arrival of fugitive slaves in,192;increased influx of fugitives,193,194;refugees in, a representative body of the slave class,195,196;severity of conditions in,198;treatment of refugee settlers in,199,200;attitude of government of, toward refugees,201-203;conditions favorable to settlement of fugitives in,203-205;fugitive aid societies in,204,205;Dawn Settlement,205-207;Elgin Settlement,207-209;Refugees' Home Settlement,209,210;objects of the colonies,210,211;Dr. Howe's criticism of the colonies,211,212;defence of the colonies,212,213;services of the colonization societies,213-215;conclusions concerning the colonies,216,217;fugitive settlers in towns of,217,218;movement of fugitives to the interior of,218,219;refugees in the eastern provinces of,219;refugee population in,220-224,313;occupations of refugees in,223;congregation of refugees in towns of,225,226;prosperity of refugees in,226,227;their domestic life in,227,228;their school opportunities in,228,229;their societies for self-improvement in,230,231;their efforts for the rescue of friends from slavery,231,232;their taxable property in,232;their political privileges in,232;their value as citizens,233,234;return of many from,235;increased influx of fugitives into, after passage of law of 1850,246-250,316;escape of Shadrach and Jerry McHenry to,317,318;Glover forwarded to,328;escape of Addison White to,334;extradition of Anderson refused by,352,353.Canadian Anti-Slavery Society, on employment for Canadian refugees,204;on refugee population in Canada West,221;on congregation of Canadian refugees in towns,225.Canadian Magazine of Politics, Science, Art, and Literature, on Underground Railroad,5.Canal routes,142.Cape Breton Island, sea routes to,219.Capron, Effingham L., operator,131,132.Capture, of fugitive slaves thwarted,83-86;under Slave Law of 1850,240-242;of fugitive settlers in the North,316;of Sims in Boston,317;of boy John near Oberlin,335,336.Carpenter, Philo, operator,88,147.Carpenter, slave-hunter,53,54.Cass, Gen., Secretary of State, appealed to in the Addison White case,334.Caton, Judge,283.Cavins, E. C. H., on route through Indiana,142.Censor, the, containing "Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad,"4.Census reports of Canada, on refugee population,220.Census reports of United States, on fugitive slaves,26,44,342,343.Chace, Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum,49; on New Bedford route,130.Chamberlain, Hon. Mellen,36.Channing, Dr. Walter,170.Channing, Prof. Edward, on prosecutions of anti-slavery men,317n.Chaplin, William L., abductor,168,175,176.Chapman, Capt., on delight of slaves reaching Canada,196,197.Charles, John,53.Chase, Salmon P., on the Ordinance of 1787,262;on the fugitive slave clause in the Constitution,263,264;in the Van Zandt case,282;counsel for fugitive slaves,308,309;in the Addison White case,334,335.Cheadle, Rial, abductor,178,179.Cheney, Rev. O. B.,37,134.Chicago, a place of deportation,83,88,147;terminus for line through Livingston and La Salle counties, Ill.,139;multiple routes of,141;hostility of, to law of 1850,333.Chicago and Rock Island Railroad,79,144,165.Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad,79,144.Child, E., receiver of goods for Canadian refugees at Toronto,202.Chittenden, subscription of, for release of W. L. Chaplin,176.Christiana case,280,281,317;Thaddeus Stevens in,282;effort of the government to enforce the law of 1850 in,319.Church connection of U. G. R. R. helpers or agents,93-99;of Canadian refugees,216.Church of fugitives, in Boston,246;in Buffalo, Rochester, Detroit, and Boston,250.CincinnatiEnquirer, the, on contention over Addison White case,335n.Cincinnati, supplies for fugitives provided by Woman's Anti-Slavery Sewing Society of,77;Dr. N. S. Townshend conductor in,104;home of Harriet Beecher Stowe a station in,105;work of Levi Coffin in,110-112;multiple routes in,135,141;appeal of colored people in, to Mr. Dillingham,174;seizure of McQuerry in,241;counsel for fugitive slave cases in,282;effect of the Margaret Garner case in,302,303;observations used inUncle Tom's Cabinmade in,321.Civil War.SeeWar of Rebellion.Claiborne, on loss sustained by slave-owners from 1810-1850,341.Clark, George W., coöperation of, with Capt. Walker in anti-slavery work,171;on the abductor Wm. L. Chaplin,176.Clark, Lewis,171.Clark, Milton,171.Clark, Wm. Penn, friend of John Brown,164.Clark, Woodson, informed against slaves,278.Clarke, Rev. James Freeman, on northern opposition to rendition,25,103;on extent of U. G. R. R. system,113,114;on protection of fugitives in Boston,132n.Clay, Henry, negotiations of, with England for extradition of fugitives,22,44,299;flight of slave of,27;on the execution of the law of 1850 in Indiana,48;on the escape of slaves to Canada,192;on the Canadian refugees,201;on the difficulty of recapturing fugitives,242;championship of new Fugitive Slave Law by,312,314;compromise of,315;proposition of, that the President be invested with power to enforce the law of 1850,319.Cleveland, boat service for fugitives from,83,252;deportation station,146;eminent attorneys of, in Oberlin-Wellington case,282;trial of Oberlin-Wellington rescuers at,336;celebration in, over victory of abolitionists in Oberlin-Wellington case,337.Cleveland and Canton Railroad,79.Cleveland and Western Railroad,79,143.Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad,79,183.Cleveland Plain Dealer, on results in Oberlin-Wellington case,337.Clingman, of North Carolina, on value of fugitive settlers in Northern states,341.Coffin, Addison, early operator in North Carolina,40,117.Coffin, Levi, author ofThe Reminiscences of,2,4;early service in North Carolina and Indiana,40,117;methods of,61,64;reputed president of the U. G. R. R.,69;largest company of fugitives entertained by,76;devotee of underground work,78,110-112;on John Fairfield the abductor,153;visit of, to Canadian refugees,199-201,218-220;on acquisition of land by Canadian refugees,201,202;on the number of Canadian refugees,221;association of, with R. B. Hayes,282.Coffin, Vestal, organizer of U. G. R. R. near Guilford College, N.C., 1819,117.Coleman, family of refugees near Detroit,236.Collins, James H., counsel in defence of Owen Lovejoy,283.Colonies, fugitive slave clause in treaties between Indian tribes and,91,92;of fugitive slaves in Canada,205;Dawn Settlement,205-207;Elgin Settlement,207-209;Refugees' Home Settlement,209,210;Dr. S. G. Howe on refugee,211,212;his criticism of, answered,213,214,217;services of,215,216;conclusions concerning,217;question of extradition between American,290.Commissioners, duties of, under the second Fugitive Slave Law,265;creation of, due to decision in Prigg's case,266;surrender of James Hamlet by one of,269;power of, questioned,269-271;observations of, regarding their own authority,271;remuneration of,271.Committees of Vigilance.SeeVigilance Committees.Communication, methods of,56;facsimile and other illustrations of messages,10,57,58,59,79n.;use of signals across Delaware River,125;ease of, contributes to swell number of fugitives,316.Compromise of 1850, relation of second Fugitive Slave Law to,265,311;repetition of, with modifications, proposed in 1860,285,286;not a finality,320;how regarded by Northern people,324;failure of,357.Concklin, Seth, abductor,157,160-162.Conductors,methods of,60,61,64;significance of the title,67;regularly employed,69,70;number of,87;their hospitality,88,89;their principles,89,90;their nationality,90,91;their church connections,93-98;political affiliations of,99-101;character of,101;penalties suffered by,102;proposed Defensive League of Freedom in behalf of,103,104;notable persons among,105-112.Confederation, New England (1643), provision in, for delivery of fugitives,19;Articles of, quoted,19.Congregational Church, operators among members of,96-98,168;abductor Charles T. Torrey, clergyman of,168.Congress, speech of J. R. Giddings in lower House on fugitive slaves,105;speech of Owen Lovejoy in lower House on fugitive slaves,107;the expedition of thePearlsubject of debate in,173,174;resolution of 1838 in, providing for punishment of persons aiding fugitives,193;petitions presented by Kentuckians in upper House declaring danger of slave-hunting in Ohio,242;Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 in,254;power of, to legislate on subject of fugitive slaves,255,263,264,268;cases growing out of differences between slave laws of the state and of,260,261;counsel for fugitives elected to,282;excitement in, caused by last case under law of 1850,285;agitation in, for new slave law in 1860, memorials to, praying for repeal of law of 1850, attacks on slavery in,286;repeal of fugitive slave legislation by,288,289,358;Continental, incorporation of fugitive slave clause in Northwest Ordinance by,293;attempts at amendment of law of 1793 in lower House,295;in both Houses,296;agitation for new slave law (1817),296,297,301,309-311;Kentucky resolutions against admission of fugitives to Canada, presented to,299;Slave Law of 1850 adopted by,311,312,314,315;message of President Fillmore to, December, 1850,318;Senate supports the President in enforcing Fugitive Slave Law,319;Gerrit Smith, member of,320;Sumner in Senate, on execution of,325;Racine mass-meeting declares null and void the law of,327,328;charged with improper assumption of powers by convention in Cleveland,336;complaints of Southern members of, on account of loss of slaves,340-342;Southern members of, on existence of Underground Railroads,351,352;argument in, to prevent secession of border states,355;caution of, in dealing with fugitive slave question in crisis of the War,355;inexpediency of return of fugitives by the army, recognized by,356;acts of, leading up to repeal of Fugitive Slave Law,356;agitation in and out of, for rigorous Fugitive Slave Law,357.Congressmen, operators among,92,105-108;anti-slavery champions among,173;pro-slavery champions among,173.Conlisk, James,92.Connecticut, colony of,19;underground work of Samuel J. May in,36,109;anti-slavery men from, organize Scioto Company,38;reward offered Indians by, for apprehending fugitives,92;personal liberty law of,245,246,309;law of colony of, against aiding fugitives,292;emancipation by,293.Conservative party, affiliation of negro voters in Canada with,233.Constitution of United States, fugitive slave clause in, quoted,20;effect of incorporation of fugitive slave clause in,30;burned at meeting of abolitionists,101;Giddings on relation of the law of 1850 to,105;quoted in support of immediatism,206;ineffectiveness of the fugitive slave clause in,255;trial by jury provided for in amendments of,257;amendment of, quoted against Fugitive Slave Law,258;slaves not parties to,259; slave-owner's rights under,259,261;paramount to Ordinance of 1787,263;legislative warrant of Congress under,264;effect on execution of, due to Prigg decision,265;Prigg decision on language of,267;amendments to, proposed by Buchanan in 1860,286,353,354;adoption of Thirteenth Amendment to,289,356;fugitive slave clause embodied in,293;disavowal of fugitive recovery clause of, by Liberty party,310;Webster on disregard of the slave clause in,314;limitations of state courts under,330;Ohio urges repeal of laws injuring efficiency of,354.Contemporaneous documents, rarity of,7;