through Pennsylvania,120-123,through New Jersey and New York,123-128,through Massachusetts,128-133,through Vermont,130,131;James Freeman Clarke on protection given, in Boston,132n.;routes of, throughNew Hampshire and Maine,133,134,Ohio,134-137,140,Western states,134-141;Ontario the goal of the great majority of,140,147;escapes of, by sea,144,145;journey of John Brown and party of, through Iowa,164;use of, in Brown's plan of liberation,167;delight of, on reaching Canada,178,196,197;escape of, from Canada to United States,190;rumors of Canada among,192;numbers of, early forwarded to Canada,192;resolution in Congress regarding friends of,193;number of, arriving daily in Canada,194;character of Canadian refugees, states whence they came,195;general condition of, in Canada,198;treatment of, in Canada,199-201;attitude of Canadian government toward,201-203;befriended by Indians in Canada,203;colonies of, in Canada,205;Dawn Settlement of,205-207;Elgin Settlement of,207,209;occupation of, in the colonies,207,223,224,226;progress of, in Canada,208,209,224-228;Refugees' Home Settlement of,209,210;purpose of the colonies,210,211;Howe's criticism of the colonies,211,212;defence of the colonies,212-217;fugitive settlers in the towns of Canada,217,218,225,226;spread of, in Ontario,218,219;in the Eastern provinces,219;number of abiding places for, in Canada,219,220;population of, in Canada,220-222;destitute condition of, on arrival,222,223;domestic relations of,227,228;schools for, in Canada,228-230;associations for self-improvement among,230,231;taxable property of,232;political rights of, in Canada,233;their value as citizens,233,234;numbers of, and risks of, settling in Northern states,236-238;pursuit of,240,241,317;seizure of, under law of 1850,241,242;increased difficulty of reclamation of, in Northern states,242,243;mass-meetings in favor of,244;enactment of personal liberty laws in defence of,245,246;consternation among, in the North, due to law of 1850,246-248,316;Boston a favorite resort for,246;exodus of, from the States,249,250;continued residence of, in the States after passage of law of 1850,250,251;underground men among,251-253;question of state's power to legislate concerning,260,261;first congressional enactment concerning, questioned,263,264;effect of Prigg decision in Northern states,265;penalties under law of 1850 for aiding,271;fervor in aiding, after 1850,273,357;penalties for aiding,273-281;counsel for,281-285,308,309;arrest of friends of,283-285;army officers forbidden to restore,287;colonial laws against,290-293;question of extradition of, in 1787,293;Kentucky's protest against admission of, to Canada,299;significance of diplomatic negotiations regarding,300;effect of appeal of,301;from the border and cotton states,312;non-delivery of, as a Southern grievance,314;as missionaries in the cause of freedom,323,348,357;Garrison on, as public speakers,325n.;Sumner on the import of the appeal of, to Northern communities,325;increasing number after 1850,338;computation of number aided in Ohio and Philadelphia,346;letter regarding aid given to, at Lawrence, Kan.,347-350;significance of controversy in regard to,356.Fugitive slave cases,102,103,254,273-281,283-285,317;during period 1840-1860,337.Fugitive Slave Law of 1793,substance of,21,22;inefficiency of,22,31,47;support of state laws given to,22,237,238;origin of demand for,254;analysis and characterization of,254,255;appeal to Ordinance of 1787 for overthrow of,262;court decisions on irreconcilability between Ordinance of 1787 and,263;constitutionality of,264,265;prosecutions and penalties under,272-281;Josiah Quincy counsel in one of the earliest cases under,283;early resistance to,294,295;attempts at amendment of,295-298;effect of Prigg decision on effectiveness of,309.Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,reason for enactment of,2;destruction of records of fugitives aided, due to,7,10,11;Parker's memoranda of resistance to, in Boston,8;causes which led to enactment of,22,44,173,174,265,290,309-311,357;substance of,23;effect of,24,25,40,44,48,71-76,187,193,194,213,214,240,241,249,250,316,317,321,323,337,338;insistence of lower Southern states on enactment of,30;penalties provided by,48,102;vigilance committees a product of,71-76;denunciation of, by Theodore Parker,90;appeal to churches evoked by,98,99;Defensive League of Freedom for persons violating,103,104;Congressman J. R. Giddings defies,105;members of Congress violating,106-108;other notable persons among violators of,109-112;abductions following the passage of,153-155,159-166,175,181-183,187-189;the U. G. R. R. and the,193,290;Dr. Howe on effect of,194n.;effect of, on the arrival of slaves in Canada,194,213,214;Benj. Drew on effect of,213;Josiah Henson on effect of,214;homage paid to,238,239;resistance to, condemned by newspapers,239;slave-hunting after enactment of,240,241;active resistance to, in the North,243-246;object of,243;consternation among fugitives in the North over,246-248;exodus of fugitives from, and continued residence in Northern states after passage of,249-251;grounds of attack upon legality of,255;Prof. Eugene Wambaugh on the dilemma involved in,256n.;question of trial by jury under,256,257;Prigg decision leads to,265;supplementary to law of 1793,265;objectionable features of,266-273;old and new arguments brought against,268;remuneration of commissioners under,271;prosecutions and penalties under,272-281;public denunciation of,272,318,327-329,333,336;failure of penalties under, to deter resistance to,272,273;arguments against, by Chase and Seward,282;last case under,285;amendment proposed in 1860 recognizing validity of,286;after 1861,287;repeal of,288;efforts which led up to,297,298,301;Webster's, Clay's, and Calhoun's support of,314;enactment of,314;by whom passed,315;enforcement of,316-318;open resistance to,318-320;the law of 1850 andUncle Tom's Cabin,321;Sumner's efforts in Senate to secure repeal of,324-326;open defiance of, during decade 1850-1860,326et seq.;penetrating criticism of, by able counsel,327;pronounced unconstitutional by Wisconsin convention,329;hostility to, in Illinois,333;open violation of, in Oberlin-Wellington rescue case,335;repeal of, demanded by Republican party,337;Claiborne on the failure of, to make compensation to the South for abducted slaves,341;violation of, charged against the North by Southern congressmen during sessions of 1860-1861,351,352;Buchanan on enforcement of, during his administration,353;purpose of Lincoln to execute,355;question of obligation to restore fugitives,356.Fuller, James C.,206.Fullerton, Rev. Hugh S.,32.Furber, James, operator,133.Fyffe, W. B., reminiscences of, entitled "History of Anti-Slavery Days,"6;map of route in Illinois, by,139.Galesburg, Ill., old First Church of, as U. G. R. R. station,64;anti-slavery Presbyterians in,96;importance of, as a centre,97.Gallatin, on negotiations with England regarding extradition of fugitives,299,300.Gannett, Dr. E. S., loyalty of, to Slave Law,238.Gardner, Ozem,89.Garland, B. W., claimant of Joshua Glover,327.Garner, Margaret, case of,302;effect upon public opinion of case of,302,303.Garretson, Joseph,57.Garrett, Thomas, reward for abduction of,53;disguises provided by,64;ships fugitives by boat,82;a devotee of U. G. R. R.,110,111;on Harriet Tubman,188;aid given to Harriet Tubman by,189;Mrs. H. B. Stowe on,322.Garrison, William Lloyd, abstinence from voting of,100,101;predecessors of, in advocacy of immediate abolition,303-308;acquaintance of, with Rankin'sLetters on Slavery,308;address to Southern bondmen by,310;on fugitives as public speakers,325n.;preparation of the way for,357.Garrisonian abolitionists, principles of,100,101.Gay, Sydney Howard, an efficient agent,108.Geneva College, influence of,115.Geography of U. G. R. R., feasibility of representing the,113;extent of,113,114;number and distribution of stations,114,115;Southern routes,116-118;main channels of flight of slaves,118,119;lines of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York,119,120;routes of eastern Pennsylvania,120-122;routes of western Pennsylvania,122,123;outlets through New Jersey,123-125;routes of New York,125-128;routes of New England states,128,129;lines of Massachusetts,129,130,132;routes of Vermont,130,131;branches of Rhode Island and Connecticut,131;routes of New Hampshire,132,133;routes of Maine,133,134;secret paths in the Western states,134;lines in Ohio,135;routes of Illinois, Michigan, and Iowa,135,136;examination of map of Morgan County, O.,136,137;study of Falley's map of Indiana and Michigan routes,137-139;map of simple route in Illinois, noteworthy features of general map,139;trend of lines,139-141;multiple and intricate trails,141;broken lines and isolated place names,141,142;river routes,142;routes by rail,142-144;routes by sea,144,145;terminal stations,145-147;lines of lake travel,147,148;Canadian ports,148,149.Georgia, route from northern,119;in Brown's plan of liberation,167;Canadian refugees from,195;William and Ellen Craft from,317;convention on execution of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,318,319;charges of bad faith preferred against the North by Jones of,351.Germans, attitude of, toward fugitive slaves,92,93,355,356.Gibbons, Daniel, number of fugitives aided by,10,87,88.Gibbs, Mr., agent,126.Gibbs, Jacob, assistant of Rev. Charles T. Torrey,169.Giddings, Joshua R., friend of bondmen,7;source of abolition ideas of,31;hiding-place in house of,63;on attitude of North toward enforcement of law of 1850,105,106,315,316;champion of anti-slavery party in Congress,173.Gilliland, Rev. James,32,41,95.Giltner vs. Gorham, case of,275.Glover, Joshua, arrest of, as fugitive,327;rescue of,328,329.Glover, J. O., counsel for runaways,284.Goens, Reuben, visit to Canada by,199.Goodnow, Lyman,92.Gorham, Giltnervs., case of,275.Gorsuch, in Christiana case,280,319.Grand Trunk Railroad,80,81,133.Grant, of firm of Baxter and, owners of Lewis Hayden,158."Grape-vine telegraph," used by abolitionists,56.Gray, Jim, fugitive from Missouri,283.Gray, Jonathan H.,88.Gray, O. C., counsel for runaways,284.Gray, Thomas L., reminiscences of,6;number of slaves aided by,89;on abductor Rial Cheadle,178,179.Grier, Justice, charge of, to jury in the Mitchell case,279;charge of, to jury in the Christiana case,281.Griffith, Commonwealthvs., case of,258.Grimes, Rev. Leonard B., organizer of Church of the Fugitive Slaves,246,250,251.Grinnell, Hon. J. B., receiver of fugitives,58;"liberty room" in house of,108;host of John Brown,164.Guilford College, N.C., organization of U. G. R. R. near,40,117.Gunn, Erastus F., on route in Massachusetts.Hale, John P., a champion of anti-slavery party in Congress,173.Halliday, Simeon, counterpart of, in real life known by Mrs. Stowe,322.Hamilton, Rayvs.Donnell and, case of,278.Hamlet, James, case of, first under Slave Law of 1850,269.Hanway, Castner, part of, in Christiana case,280,281.Harper, Jean, one of party abducted by John Brown,163.Harper's Ferry, prelude to,162;plan of attack upon, reported by Hinton,167;effect of attack upon, on value of slave property,339.Harrod, Leonard, on slave's desire for freedom,195.Harvard University, scholarship in, founded by escaped slave, Harriet Hayden,158;action of overseers of, against Loring,333.Harwood, Edward,64.Haviland, Mrs. Laura S., on labors of abductor Fairfield,153,154;attempted abduction by,171,172;work of, in Refugees' Home,210;Sunday-school of, for fugitives,230;intercession of, for the runaway Anderson,353.Hayden, Harriet, bequest of, to Harvard University,158.Hayden, Lewis, abduction of,158;operator,251,252.Hayes family,15.Hayes, Rutherford B., counsel in fugitive slave cases,282;on effect of Margaret Garner case,303.Haywood, William, on underground route in Indiana,16.Henson, Josiah, knowledge of Canada carried among slaves by,28;as abductor,176-178;on condition of Canadian refugees,198;founder of school in Canada,205;on work of British and American Institute,214;on morality of Dawn Settlement,216;on refugee population,220,221;lumber industry established by,223;lectures on farming by,224;list of towns where refugees settled according to,225;on number of fugitive settlers in Northern states,237;on effects of Slave Law of 1850,249;a notable passenger of U. G. R. R.,340.Hiding-places, for fugitive slaves,12,13,14,25,40,62-65,131,248,251,252,276,280,302.