Southern branches of the U. G. R. R.,116-119.Southern states, satisfaction with the fugitive slave clause in the Constitution in the,21;complaints of, on account of losses of slave property,22;refuges of runaways in the,25;spread of the U. G. R. R. in,28;knowledge about Canada among slaves in,28,29,180-182,192;self-interest of, manifest in the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,33;escapes by vessel from,81,133,144;anti-slavery sentiment among white emigrants from,90,91;emigration of Quakers from, on account of slavery,93;anti-slavery advocates among Presbyterian clergy in,95;settlement of anti-slavery people from, in Ohio,115;friends of fugitives in,116;main channels of escape from,119;abductions by whites from,153,154;Northern men in, encourage flight of slaves,154,155;expected effect of news of Brown's Missouri raid in,165;Brown's plan for organizing insurrection in,167,168;Calhoun on expedition of thePearlspeaks for,173,174;expeditions for abduction of slaves to,177,178;operations of the abductor A. M. Ross in,180-183;early emigration of negroes from, to Quebec,219;domestic relations of slaves in,227,228;abductions of friends from, planned by the Canadian exiles,231,232;abducting trips of Canadian refugees to,232;rights of recovery in the North claimed by people of,237;slave-hunting by people from, before and after law of 1850,240,241;effect of law of 1850 upon,243;Lincoln's proclamation of warning to,287;the Underground Railroad as a grievance of,290;sentiment in, concerning slave clause in Constitution,294;complaints of members of Congress from, on score of treatment accorded runaways in the North,295,296;negotiations for return of fugitives to,302;people of, aroused by addresses to slaves,310;Calhoun on discontent in,313;Webster on complaint of, in regard to non-rendition of fugitives,314;Pres. Fillmore gives assurances to, regarding Fugitive Slave Law,318;doctrine of state sovereignty of, resisted by Wisconsin,330;work of the U. G. R. R. a real relief to,340;estimates of loss sustained by slave-owners in various,341,342;decline of slave population in border states, shown in United States census reports,343;comparison of numbers of negroes transported from, by U. G. R. R.and American Colonization Society,350,351;members of Congress from, on work of U. G. R. R.,351,352;attempted conciliation of,354;chances for escape of slaves multiplied throughout,355;agitation by people of, for vigorous Fugitive Slave Law,357.Sowles, Hon. William, operator,107.Spalding, Rufus P., counsel in the Oberlin-Wellington case,282.Speed, John,65.Speed, Sidney, incident of unsuccessful pursuit narrated by,65,66.Spradley, Wash, a colored abductor of Louisville, Ky.,151.Sprague, Judge, on legal force of a commissioner's certificate,270.Springfield, Mass., "League of Gileadites" in,71-75.Stanton, Henry B.,169,170.State sovereignty, doctrine of, in the Northern states,326-330.Stations, in New Hampshire,132;in Maine,134;initial, in Ohio,135;initial, in Iowa,136;number and distribution of, in portion of Morgan County, O.,137;stations in Michigan,138;corresponding stations in Falley's and the author's maps,138,139;initial, along the Ohio River,139,346;limited activity of, in eastern and western extremities of the free region,141;isolated, in New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois,142;terminal,145-148;cause of formation of initial,295;Harriet B. Stowe's house one of the,321.Station-keepers of the U. G. R. R., significance of the name,67;character of work of,69;explanation of division of labor between special agents and,70,71;expense to,76-78.Seealso Agents and Conductors.Steele, Capt., master of a lake boat carrying fugitives,82.Steele, William, letter of, on escape of slave family,51,52.Stephens, Alexander H., abduction of slave of,176.Stephens, Charles,in Brown's raid,163-165;arranges for trip east of Brown and party,164,165.Stevens, Thaddeus, operator,106; in the Christiana case,282.Stevenson, Henry, on slaves' desire for freedom,196.Stewart, family of, fugitive settlers near Detroit,236.Stewart, John H., colored operator,89.Stewart, Peter, reputed President of the U. G. R. R.,69.Still, Peter, a fugitive from Alabama,160.Still, William,author ofUnderground Railroad Records,2,3,5,8,75;chairman of Vigilance Committee of Philadelphia,8,232;on instances of fugitives shipped as freight,60;on stowaways from the South,145;on value of Canadian refugees as citizens,234n.;coöperation of, with station at Elmira,253.Stone, Col. John,secret signal used by,56;facsimile of message sent by,57.Story, Justice,on the Fugitive Slave Law,245;on power of Congress to legislate on subject of fugitive slaves,261.Stout, Dr. Joseph, indicted for helping fugitive,284.Stow, L. S., on transportation of fugitives across Lake Erie,146.Stowe, Harriet Beecher,correctness of her representation inUncle Tom's Cabin,25,322;material forUncle Tom's Cabingathered by, while living at Cincinnati, O.,105,321;connection of, with the U. G. R. R.,105;influence of the slave controversy upon,290;champion of fugitive slaves,323.Stowe, Prof. Calvin, model for a character inUncle Tom's Cabin,322.Stowell, Martin, one of leaders in attempted rescue of Burns,332.Sturgeon, of Pennsylvania, supports the Fugitive Slave Law,314.Subterranean Pass Way of John Brown,339,357.Sumner, Charles,efforts of, in behalf of Capt. Drayton,173;on number of fugitives fleeing from Northern states after enactment of law of 1850,249;efforts of, in Senate to secure repeal of Fugitive Slave Law,324;champion in Senate of the fugitive slave and his friends,325;reads a letter in the Senate on employment of Northern troops as slave-catchers,355.Supplies,for U. G. R. R. passengers,76-78;furnished by Fred. Douglass,78n.;for Canadian refugees,202,214;gathered for fugitives in Lawrence, Kan.,348,349.Syracuse,Vigilance Committee of,71,72;rescue of Jerry McHenry in,72,86,318,326;passes distributed to runaways in,80;underground work of Rev. S. J. May in,109;fugitives sent by train to,124;indignation meeting at, held after passage of law of 1850,244;public action against Fugitive Slave Law in,320;congratulatory message on Glover rescue from convention in,328,329.Tabor College, U. G. R. R. work of,98.Tamar, slave recovered by Fairbank,159.Taney, Judge, prosecution of Thomas Garrett before,110.Tappan, Lewis, supporter of Dr. A. M. Ross,180.Tennessee,abducting trip of Dr. A. M. Ross into,28;John Rankin, a native of,109;fugitives from,109;underground route through eastern,119;involved in Brown's plan of liberation,167;Dillingham's attempted abduction of slaves from,174,175;Canadian refugees from,195;fables about Canada circulated in,198.Terminal stations of U. G. R. R.,70,76,82,83,123,126-128,131,133,136,138,139,145-149;in Canada,148,149.Terminology of U. G. R. R.,67,124.Territories, slavery prohibited in the,287.Texas,question of annexation before Congress,310;escape of slaves from western,348.Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution,356.Thomas, Dr. Nathan M., operator,88.Thompson, George, a party in the case of Burr, Work and,155,156.Thurston, Brown, operator,37,133.Ticknor, George, on political effect ofUncle Tom's Cabin,323.Todd, Rev. John,author of reminiscences of "The Early Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa,"7;quoted,43.Todds, the, station-keepers,15.Toledo, O.,boat service for runaways from,83;U. G. R. R. helpers in,92.Tompkins, case of Johnsonvs.,259,273,274.Toombs, Robert,173;abduction of slaves of,176.Toronto, Canada,mission work of Rev. W. M. Mitchell in,3;goods received for Canadian refugees at,202,203;number of refugee settlers in,220,221;condition of fugitive settlers in,226;Drew on condition of colored people in,227;equal school privileges for whites and blacks in,229;evening school for adult negroes in,230.Torrence, James W., method of, in conveying fugitives,61.Torrey, Rev. Charles T.,abductor,28,168,169;number of slaves abducted from Maryland by,88;succeeded by Mr. Chaplin as editor of the AlbanyPatriot,175.Townsend, Martin I., on routes in New York,126.Townshend, Prof. Norton S., operator in Cincinnati,104.Treason,charged in Christiana case,319;charged by Webster against transgressors of the law of 1850,320.Treatise on Slavery, in which is shown forth the evil of Slaveholding, both from the Light of Nature and Divine Revelation, immediate abolition advocated in, (1824,)304-306.Tribune, of New Lexington, O., on U. G. R. R.,6.Troy, N.Y., rescue of fugitive Chas. Nalle in,85."True Bands," societies for self-improvement among Canadian refugees,230,231.Trueblood, E. Hicks, author of articles on U. G. R. R. inRepublican Leader,6.Tubman, Harriet,mentioned,6,28,178,183;line of travel of, in Delaware,118;character of,185;work as an abductor,186,187;faith of,188;most venturesome journey of,188,189;service of, as scout in the Civil War,189;passenger on U. G. R. R.,340.Turner, Rev. Asa, on U. G. R. R. lines in Iowa and Illinois,114.Uncle Tom's Cabin,correctness of representations in,25,322;sources of the knowledge of underground methods displayed in,105,321;political significance of,321-324;Sumner on reception given to,325;object of,357.Underground Railroad,as a subject for research,1,2;works on,2,3;articles on,5-7;lack of contemporaneous documents relating to,7;conditions of development of,17,18;numerous lines of, in Northern states,22;early stations of, on Western Reserve, extended into Southern states,28;effect of local conditions on growth of,30;church connections of operators of,32,93-99;origin of,33,34,191,192;development of,35-43,in New Jersey,34,in New York,34,35,in New England,36,in Ohio,37-40,in North Carolina,40,in Indiana,40,41,in Illinois,41,42,in Iowa,42,98,in Kansas,43;activity of (1830-1840),44,308;activity of (1850-1860),44,71,316,317,357;naming of,44-46;midnight service on,54-56;communications in work of,56-59;methods of conveyance on,59-61;nature of routes of,61,62,70,130,141-146;variety of stations on,62-64;use of disguises in work of,64-67;lack of formal organization in, terminology of,67;spontaneous character of,69;places of deportation,70,145-147;terminal stations of,70,145-148;routes by rail,78-81,142-145;connection of Fred. Douglass with,80,91,118,251,340;river routes,81,82,142;traffic by water,81-83,142,144-148,219;routes by sea,81,129,144,145,219;church connections of operators of,94-97;notable operators of,104-112,155-189,251-253;rise of, in Connecticut,109;study of general map of,113et seq.;extent of system,114;broken lines and isolated place-names,115,116,123,141,142;lines of New York and New England states, ofWisconsin and Michigan,116;organized in North Carolina,117;Southern branches,117-119;signals used on Delaware River,125;relative number of routes in Western states,134;local map of Morgan Co., O.,136,137;map of Indiana and Michigan routes of,137-139;map of line of, in Livingston and La Salle counties, Ill.,139;trend of routes of,139-141;lines of lake travel,147,148;Canadian termini of,148,149,200,219,220,225;operations of, through Clinton, O., in year 1842,153;route followed by Brown from Missouri to Canada,163-166;Brown's proposed use of,166;route through Morgan Co., O.,178,179;through Pennsylvania to Erie,181;made use of by abductor A. M. Ross,181;"general superintendent" of, in northwestern Ohio,183;Canada, the refuge of passengers of,190;Dr. S. G. Howe, on the origin of,192;development of, during decade 1828-1838,193;increased efficiency of, due to law of 1850,193,338;ease of escape over, in later years of,213;lines through New England to Quebec,219;capacity of, for transportation of fugitives,222;agents of, appealed to, for abduction of friends,231;agents of, among fugitive settlers in Northern states,251-253;explanation of secrecy of,255;escapes from Indian Territory over,284;political aspect of,290;explanation of development of initial stations of,295;early branches in Pennsylvania,298;influence in spreading anti-slavery sentiment,302;organization of, in Philadelphia,309;grievance of border states due to,312,341,342;most flourishing period of,316;Harriet Beecher Stowe's house a station on,321;rapid expansion of, during period 1840-1860,337;the work of, a real relief to masters,340;Osborn's record of fugitives aided during five months,344,345;computation of fugitives aided in Ohio and Philadelphia during 1830-1860,346,347;work of Lawrence station, in Kansas, described,347-350;work of, compared with that of Colonization Society,350,351;organized societies of, said to be maintained by the Republican party,351;relation of, to the Civil War,357,358.Underground Railroad, the Rev. W. M. Mitchell, author of,2,3.Underground Railroad in Chester and the Neighboring Counties of Pennsylvania, the, R. C. Smedley, author of,2,4.Underground Railroad Records, by Wm. Still,2,3,4;work of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee revealed in,75,76;story of the abducting trip of Seth Concklin as given by,160-162.Unitarian Church, Rev. Theodore Parker a minister of,8;underground work of Meadville Seminary of,98;Rev. Samuel J. May, a clergyman of,109.United States, census reports of, on fugitive slaves,26,342;escape of fugitives from Canada to,190;school-teachers for Canadian refugees supported by religious societies of,215;relative progress of Canadian negroes and free negroes in,227;ministers of Canadian refugees canvass for money in,231;fugitive slave cases before courts of,257,259-264,269,270,272-282,286;necessity of a uniform system of regulation regarding fugitive slaves throughout,261;treason against, charged in Christiana case,280;participation by President of, in Christiana case,280,281;fugitive slave clause embodied in Constitution of,293;negotiations of, with England for extradition of fugitives,299,300;Senator Yulee on danger to the perpetuity of,314;effect of Gerrit Smith's speech in the Anderson case in,353;