[565]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, 1856, p. 340.[566]Ibid., p. 91.[567]Detroit Sunday News Tribune, quoted by theLouisville Journal, Aug. 12, 1894.[568]Conversation with Henry Stevenson, Windsor, Ont., July, 1895.[569]Conversation with Elder Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.[570]E. M. Pettit,Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 66, 67. See also Chapter I, p. 14, and Chapter VI, p. 178.[571]Conversation with William Johnson, at Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.[572]Conversation with Allen Sidney, Windsor, Ont.[573]Conversation with John Evans, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.[574]Conversation with John Reed, Windsor, Ont.[575]The Rev. J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman, 1859, told by himself; chap. xxiv, pp. 338, 340.[576]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 209.[577]Mission of Upper Canada, Vol. I, No. 17, Wed., July 31, 1839.[578]Ibid.[579]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.[580]May,Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 303.[581]Hinton,John Brown and His Men, p. 175.[582]Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 249, 250.[583]Ibid., p. 251.[584]Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.[585]Niles' Register, Vol. XXV, p. 289.[586]Howe,Refugees in Canada West, p. 68.[587]Levi Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.[588]Benjamin Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 292.[589]George Bryce,Short History of the Canadian People, p. 403.[590]Benjamin Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 291.[591]S. G. Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 107, 108.[592]History of Knox County, Illinois(published by Charles C. Chapman and Co.), p. 203. Here it is stated: "Mr. Wilson arranged with the authorities to have all supplies for the fugitive slaves admitted free of customs duty. Many were the large well-filled boxes of what was most needed by the wanderer taken from the wharf at Toronto during that winter [1841] by E. Child, mission-teacher. He was then a student at Oneida Institute, N.Y., but for many years has resided in Oneida, this county. He went into Canada for the purpose of teaching the fugitives."[593]Conversation with Jacob Cummings, a fugitive from Tennessee, now living in Columbus, O. Mr. Cummings was at one time a collecting agent for a settlement at Puce, Ont. He told the author, "While agent, I was sent to Sandusky. I would collect goods for the settlement, and ship it to Detroit, marked 'Fugitive Goods.' Brother Miller, at the Corners, a little place about fifteen miles from Detroit, would take care of these, and Canada wouldn't charge any duty on 'fugitive goods.'"[594]J. C. Hamilton,Magazine of American History, Vol. XXV, p. 238.[595]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 311, 368.[596]Ibid., p. 322.[597]Quoted by Drew, p. 326.[598]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.[599]Ibid., p. 367.[600]Ibid., pp. 367, 369; Austin Steward,Twenty-two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman, p. 272.[601]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 68, 69.[602]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 308.[603]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, 1852, p. 115. See alsoFather Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 171. Mr. Drew ascribes the honor of the original conception of this Institute to the Rev. Hiram Wilson. (SeeA North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.) Mr. Henson, after asserting that he and Mr. Wilson called the convention of 1838, continues, "I urged the appropriation of the money to the establishment of a manual-labor school...." (Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.) It appears that both Wilson and Henson were placed on the committee on site. As they were friends and coworkers, it is safe to accord them equal shares in the undertaking.[604]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.[605]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 115.[606]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.[607]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 17. See also Drew'sNorth-Side View, p. 311.[608]Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.[609]Ibid., p. 117.[610]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.[611]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 182-186.[612]The dimensions of the model house-were twenty-four by eighteen feet, and twelve feet high.[613]Third Annual Report, September, 1852, quoted by Drew inNorth-Side View of Slavery, p. 293.[614]Fourth Annual Report, September, 1853. See Drew's work, p. 294.[615]Fifth Annual Report, September, 1854; Drew's work, p. 295.[616]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 70, 71.[617]Ibid., p. 108.[618]Ibid., p. 110.[619]Laura S. Haviland,A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 196, 201.[620]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 69, 70.[621]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 367.[622]The Life of Josiah Henson, as narrated by Himself, p. 117.[623]Conversation with the Rev. Jacob Cummings, a refugee now living at Columbus, O.[624]Ibid.[625]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, Appendix, p. 22.[626]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 148.[627]Ibid., p. 349.[628]Ibid., p. 369.[629]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, p. 22.[630]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 236.[631]Ibid., p. 322.[632]Ibid., pp. 294, 325.[633]Third Annual Report (1852), quoted by Drew, p. 293.[634]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 109, 110.[635]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.[636]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.[637]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 69.[638]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 235.[639]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 521.[640]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 189.[641]Ibid., p. 190.[642]Drew,North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.[643]A statement to this effect, which appeared in theMarine Journalof New York, is quoted inMcClure's Magazinefor May, 1897, p. 618.[644]See the letter signed "D. F.," printed inMcClure's Magazine, May, 1897, p. 618.[645]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 251. The italics are my own.[646]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.[647]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 16.[648]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.[649]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, Appendix, p. 99.[650]Quoted by Howe inThe Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 17.[651]Conversation with Mr. Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.[652]John Brown and His Men, p. 171.[653]The Underground Railroad, p. 127.[654]Ibid., p. 166.[655]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 17.[656]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 173et seq.[657]This is substantiated by the testimony of various Canadian refugees.[658]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.[659]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 165, 166; Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 196, 369.[660]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 120.[661]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 65, 66. See also Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 368.[662]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, p. 128.[663]First Annual Report of the Society, pp. 16, 17.[664]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.[665]Dr. Howe quotes the following statement from Mr. Brush, town clerk of Malden: "A portion of them (the colored people) are pretty well behaved, and another portion not.... A great many of these colored people go and sail (are sailors) in the summer-time, and in the winter lie around, and don't do much.... We have to help a great many of them, more than any other class of people we have here. I have been clerk of the council for three years, and have had the opportunity of knowing. I think the council have given more to the colored people than to any others." See alsoA North-Side View of Slavery, p. 58.[666]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 62.[667]Ibid., p. 94.[668]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 63.[669]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.[670]A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 94, 119, 147, 234, 321, 344, 348, 376, 378.[671]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 63, 64. See also Mitchell'sUnderground Railroad, pp. 130, 131, 133, 135, 137-139, 142-144, 146, 148et seq.[672]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 95, 101, Appendix, pp. 109, 110. In her book,A Woman's Life Work, p. 193, Mrs. Laura S. Haviland reports some interesting cases of this sort.[673]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, pp. 140, 164, 165.[674]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 341, 342.[675]Ibid., pp. 118, 147, 235.[676]Ibid., p. 341.[677]Ibid., p. 308.[678]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.[679]A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 193.[680]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 77.[681]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 236, 237.[682]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 92.[683]Ibid.[684]Still,Underground Railroad Records, 2d ed., pp. 59, 65, 105, 137, 193, 249, 263, 291, 293, 337, 385, 448, 490.[685]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 61, 62.[686]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xxvii.[687]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, Appendix, p. 108.[688]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.[689]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, pp. 155, 156.[690]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 102. William Still, who made a trip through Canada West in 1855, expressed a view similar to that above quoted, and added the words: "To say that there are not those amongst the colored people in Canada, as every place, who are very poor, ... who will commit crime, who indulge in habits of indolence and intemperance, ... would be far from the truth. Nevertheless, may not the same be said of white people, even where they have had the best chances in every particular?"Underground Railroad Records, p. xxviii.[691]Chronotype, Oct. 7, 1850.[692]Clipping from theCommonwealth, preserved in a scrap-book relating to Theodore Parker, Boston Public Library.[693]Conversation with Mr. Oliver, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.[694]Conversation with the Rev. James Poindexter, Columbus, O., summer of 1895.[695]History of Summit County, Ohio, pp. 579, 580.[696]Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N.Y.[697]See p. 250, this chapter.[698]The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 29, 1893.[699]Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895.[700]Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.[701]Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 304; see also E. B. Andrews'History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 36.[702]Conversation with Mr. Sanborn, Cambridge, Mass., March, 1897.[703]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 97.[704]James H. Fairchild,The Underground Railroad, Tract No. 87, in Vol. IV, Western Reserve Historical Society, p. 106.[705]G. M. Stroud,A Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery, 2d ed., 1856, pp. 281, 282.[706]Statutes of the State of Ohio, 1841, collated by J. B. Swan, pp. 595-600.[707]Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 367.[708]Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 380. The newspapers named by Mr. May are,The AdvertiserandThe Americanof Rochester,The GazetteandObserverof Utica,The Oneida Whig,The Register,The ArgusandThe Expressof Albany,The CourierandInquirerandThe Expressof New York.[709]The Underground Railroad, pp. 13, 14.[710]Weiss,Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 93.[711]The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims, by Samuel May, Jr., 1861, p. 19.[712]Ibid., p. 31. See Appendix B, p. 374.[713]Ibid., p. 68et seq.[714]See Appendix B, p. 375.[715]Congressional Globe, New Series, Vol. XXII, Part I, p. 793.[716]F. Bowen on "Extradition of Fugitive Slaves," Vol. LXXI, p. 252et seq.
[565]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, 1856, p. 340.
[565]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, 1856, p. 340.
[566]Ibid., p. 91.
[566]Ibid., p. 91.
[567]Detroit Sunday News Tribune, quoted by theLouisville Journal, Aug. 12, 1894.
[567]Detroit Sunday News Tribune, quoted by theLouisville Journal, Aug. 12, 1894.
[568]Conversation with Henry Stevenson, Windsor, Ont., July, 1895.
[568]Conversation with Henry Stevenson, Windsor, Ont., July, 1895.
[569]Conversation with Elder Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.
[569]Conversation with Elder Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.
[570]E. M. Pettit,Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 66, 67. See also Chapter I, p. 14, and Chapter VI, p. 178.
[570]E. M. Pettit,Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 66, 67. See also Chapter I, p. 14, and Chapter VI, p. 178.
[571]Conversation with William Johnson, at Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.
[571]Conversation with William Johnson, at Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.
[572]Conversation with Allen Sidney, Windsor, Ont.
[572]Conversation with Allen Sidney, Windsor, Ont.
[573]Conversation with John Evans, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.
[573]Conversation with John Evans, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.
[574]Conversation with John Reed, Windsor, Ont.
[574]Conversation with John Reed, Windsor, Ont.
[575]The Rev. J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman, 1859, told by himself; chap. xxiv, pp. 338, 340.
[575]The Rev. J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman, 1859, told by himself; chap. xxiv, pp. 338, 340.
[576]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 209.
[576]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 209.
[577]Mission of Upper Canada, Vol. I, No. 17, Wed., July 31, 1839.
[577]Mission of Upper Canada, Vol. I, No. 17, Wed., July 31, 1839.
[578]Ibid.
[578]Ibid.
[579]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.
[579]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.
[580]May,Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 303.
[580]May,Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 303.
[581]Hinton,John Brown and His Men, p. 175.
[581]Hinton,John Brown and His Men, p. 175.
[582]Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 249, 250.
[582]Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 249, 250.
[583]Ibid., p. 251.
[583]Ibid., p. 251.
[584]Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.
[584]Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.
[585]Niles' Register, Vol. XXV, p. 289.
[585]Niles' Register, Vol. XXV, p. 289.
[586]Howe,Refugees in Canada West, p. 68.
[586]Howe,Refugees in Canada West, p. 68.
[587]Levi Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.
[587]Levi Coffin,Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.
[588]Benjamin Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 292.
[588]Benjamin Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 292.
[589]George Bryce,Short History of the Canadian People, p. 403.
[589]George Bryce,Short History of the Canadian People, p. 403.
[590]Benjamin Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 291.
[590]Benjamin Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 291.
[591]S. G. Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 107, 108.
[591]S. G. Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 107, 108.
[592]History of Knox County, Illinois(published by Charles C. Chapman and Co.), p. 203. Here it is stated: "Mr. Wilson arranged with the authorities to have all supplies for the fugitive slaves admitted free of customs duty. Many were the large well-filled boxes of what was most needed by the wanderer taken from the wharf at Toronto during that winter [1841] by E. Child, mission-teacher. He was then a student at Oneida Institute, N.Y., but for many years has resided in Oneida, this county. He went into Canada for the purpose of teaching the fugitives."
[592]History of Knox County, Illinois(published by Charles C. Chapman and Co.), p. 203. Here it is stated: "Mr. Wilson arranged with the authorities to have all supplies for the fugitive slaves admitted free of customs duty. Many were the large well-filled boxes of what was most needed by the wanderer taken from the wharf at Toronto during that winter [1841] by E. Child, mission-teacher. He was then a student at Oneida Institute, N.Y., but for many years has resided in Oneida, this county. He went into Canada for the purpose of teaching the fugitives."
[593]Conversation with Jacob Cummings, a fugitive from Tennessee, now living in Columbus, O. Mr. Cummings was at one time a collecting agent for a settlement at Puce, Ont. He told the author, "While agent, I was sent to Sandusky. I would collect goods for the settlement, and ship it to Detroit, marked 'Fugitive Goods.' Brother Miller, at the Corners, a little place about fifteen miles from Detroit, would take care of these, and Canada wouldn't charge any duty on 'fugitive goods.'"
[593]Conversation with Jacob Cummings, a fugitive from Tennessee, now living in Columbus, O. Mr. Cummings was at one time a collecting agent for a settlement at Puce, Ont. He told the author, "While agent, I was sent to Sandusky. I would collect goods for the settlement, and ship it to Detroit, marked 'Fugitive Goods.' Brother Miller, at the Corners, a little place about fifteen miles from Detroit, would take care of these, and Canada wouldn't charge any duty on 'fugitive goods.'"
[594]J. C. Hamilton,Magazine of American History, Vol. XXV, p. 238.
[594]J. C. Hamilton,Magazine of American History, Vol. XXV, p. 238.
[595]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 311, 368.
[595]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 311, 368.
[596]Ibid., p. 322.
[596]Ibid., p. 322.
[597]Quoted by Drew, p. 326.
[597]Quoted by Drew, p. 326.
[598]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.
[598]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.
[599]Ibid., p. 367.
[599]Ibid., p. 367.
[600]Ibid., pp. 367, 369; Austin Steward,Twenty-two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman, p. 272.
[600]Ibid., pp. 367, 369; Austin Steward,Twenty-two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman, p. 272.
[601]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 68, 69.
[601]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 68, 69.
[602]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 308.
[602]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 308.
[603]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, 1852, p. 115. See alsoFather Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 171. Mr. Drew ascribes the honor of the original conception of this Institute to the Rev. Hiram Wilson. (SeeA North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.) Mr. Henson, after asserting that he and Mr. Wilson called the convention of 1838, continues, "I urged the appropriation of the money to the establishment of a manual-labor school...." (Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.) It appears that both Wilson and Henson were placed on the committee on site. As they were friends and coworkers, it is safe to accord them equal shares in the undertaking.
[603]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, 1852, p. 115. See alsoFather Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 171. Mr. Drew ascribes the honor of the original conception of this Institute to the Rev. Hiram Wilson. (SeeA North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.) Mr. Henson, after asserting that he and Mr. Wilson called the convention of 1838, continues, "I urged the appropriation of the money to the establishment of a manual-labor school...." (Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.) It appears that both Wilson and Henson were placed on the committee on site. As they were friends and coworkers, it is safe to accord them equal shares in the undertaking.
[604]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.
[604]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.
[605]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 115.
[605]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 115.
[606]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.
[606]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.
[607]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 17. See also Drew'sNorth-Side View, p. 311.
[607]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 17. See also Drew'sNorth-Side View, p. 311.
[608]Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.
[608]Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.
[609]Ibid., p. 117.
[609]Ibid., p. 117.
[610]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.
[610]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.
[611]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 182-186.
[611]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 182-186.
[612]The dimensions of the model house-were twenty-four by eighteen feet, and twelve feet high.
[612]The dimensions of the model house-were twenty-four by eighteen feet, and twelve feet high.
[613]Third Annual Report, September, 1852, quoted by Drew inNorth-Side View of Slavery, p. 293.
[613]Third Annual Report, September, 1852, quoted by Drew inNorth-Side View of Slavery, p. 293.
[614]Fourth Annual Report, September, 1853. See Drew's work, p. 294.
[614]Fourth Annual Report, September, 1853. See Drew's work, p. 294.
[615]Fifth Annual Report, September, 1854; Drew's work, p. 295.
[615]Fifth Annual Report, September, 1854; Drew's work, p. 295.
[616]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 70, 71.
[616]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 70, 71.
[617]Ibid., p. 108.
[617]Ibid., p. 108.
[618]Ibid., p. 110.
[618]Ibid., p. 110.
[619]Laura S. Haviland,A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 196, 201.
[619]Laura S. Haviland,A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 196, 201.
[620]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 69, 70.
[620]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 69, 70.
[621]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 367.
[621]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 367.
[622]The Life of Josiah Henson, as narrated by Himself, p. 117.
[622]The Life of Josiah Henson, as narrated by Himself, p. 117.
[623]Conversation with the Rev. Jacob Cummings, a refugee now living at Columbus, O.
[623]Conversation with the Rev. Jacob Cummings, a refugee now living at Columbus, O.
[624]Ibid.
[624]Ibid.
[625]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, Appendix, p. 22.
[625]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, Appendix, p. 22.
[626]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 148.
[626]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 148.
[627]Ibid., p. 349.
[627]Ibid., p. 349.
[628]Ibid., p. 369.
[628]Ibid., p. 369.
[629]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, p. 22.
[629]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, p. 22.
[630]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 236.
[630]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 236.
[631]Ibid., p. 322.
[631]Ibid., p. 322.
[632]Ibid., pp. 294, 325.
[632]Ibid., pp. 294, 325.
[633]Third Annual Report (1852), quoted by Drew, p. 293.
[633]Third Annual Report (1852), quoted by Drew, p. 293.
[634]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 109, 110.
[634]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 109, 110.
[635]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.
[635]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.
[636]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.
[636]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.
[637]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 69.
[637]Howe,Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 69.
[638]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 235.
[638]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 235.
[639]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 521.
[639]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 521.
[640]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 189.
[640]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 189.
[641]Ibid., p. 190.
[641]Ibid., p. 190.
[642]Drew,North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.
[642]Drew,North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.
[643]A statement to this effect, which appeared in theMarine Journalof New York, is quoted inMcClure's Magazinefor May, 1897, p. 618.
[643]A statement to this effect, which appeared in theMarine Journalof New York, is quoted inMcClure's Magazinefor May, 1897, p. 618.
[644]See the letter signed "D. F.," printed inMcClure's Magazine, May, 1897, p. 618.
[644]See the letter signed "D. F.," printed inMcClure's Magazine, May, 1897, p. 618.
[645]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 251. The italics are my own.
[645]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 251. The italics are my own.
[646]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.
[646]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.
[647]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 16.
[647]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 16.
[648]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.
[648]Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.
[649]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, Appendix, p. 99.
[649]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, Appendix, p. 99.
[650]Quoted by Howe inThe Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 17.
[650]Quoted by Howe inThe Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 17.
[651]Conversation with Mr. Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.
[651]Conversation with Mr. Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.
[652]John Brown and His Men, p. 171.
[652]John Brown and His Men, p. 171.
[653]The Underground Railroad, p. 127.
[653]The Underground Railroad, p. 127.
[654]Ibid., p. 166.
[654]Ibid., p. 166.
[655]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 17.
[655]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 17.
[656]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 173et seq.
[656]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 173et seq.
[657]This is substantiated by the testimony of various Canadian refugees.
[657]This is substantiated by the testimony of various Canadian refugees.
[658]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.
[658]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.
[659]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 165, 166; Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 196, 369.
[659]Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 165, 166; Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 196, 369.
[660]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 120.
[660]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 120.
[661]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 65, 66. See also Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 368.
[661]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 65, 66. See also Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 368.
[662]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, p. 128.
[662]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, p. 128.
[663]First Annual Report of the Society, pp. 16, 17.
[663]First Annual Report of the Society, pp. 16, 17.
[664]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.
[664]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.
[665]Dr. Howe quotes the following statement from Mr. Brush, town clerk of Malden: "A portion of them (the colored people) are pretty well behaved, and another portion not.... A great many of these colored people go and sail (are sailors) in the summer-time, and in the winter lie around, and don't do much.... We have to help a great many of them, more than any other class of people we have here. I have been clerk of the council for three years, and have had the opportunity of knowing. I think the council have given more to the colored people than to any others." See alsoA North-Side View of Slavery, p. 58.
[665]Dr. Howe quotes the following statement from Mr. Brush, town clerk of Malden: "A portion of them (the colored people) are pretty well behaved, and another portion not.... A great many of these colored people go and sail (are sailors) in the summer-time, and in the winter lie around, and don't do much.... We have to help a great many of them, more than any other class of people we have here. I have been clerk of the council for three years, and have had the opportunity of knowing. I think the council have given more to the colored people than to any others." See alsoA North-Side View of Slavery, p. 58.
[666]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 62.
[666]A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 62.
[667]Ibid., p. 94.
[667]Ibid., p. 94.
[668]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 63.
[668]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 63.
[669]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.
[669]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.
[670]A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 94, 119, 147, 234, 321, 344, 348, 376, 378.
[670]A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 94, 119, 147, 234, 321, 344, 348, 376, 378.
[671]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 63, 64. See also Mitchell'sUnderground Railroad, pp. 130, 131, 133, 135, 137-139, 142-144, 146, 148et seq.
[671]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 63, 64. See also Mitchell'sUnderground Railroad, pp. 130, 131, 133, 135, 137-139, 142-144, 146, 148et seq.
[672]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 95, 101, Appendix, pp. 109, 110. In her book,A Woman's Life Work, p. 193, Mrs. Laura S. Haviland reports some interesting cases of this sort.
[672]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 95, 101, Appendix, pp. 109, 110. In her book,A Woman's Life Work, p. 193, Mrs. Laura S. Haviland reports some interesting cases of this sort.
[673]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, pp. 140, 164, 165.
[673]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, pp. 140, 164, 165.
[674]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 341, 342.
[674]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 341, 342.
[675]Ibid., pp. 118, 147, 235.
[675]Ibid., pp. 118, 147, 235.
[676]Ibid., p. 341.
[676]Ibid., p. 341.
[677]Ibid., p. 308.
[677]Ibid., p. 308.
[678]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.
[678]First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.
[679]A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 193.
[679]A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 193.
[680]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 77.
[680]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 77.
[681]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 236, 237.
[681]Drew,A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 236, 237.
[682]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 92.
[682]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 92.
[683]Ibid.
[683]Ibid.
[684]Still,Underground Railroad Records, 2d ed., pp. 59, 65, 105, 137, 193, 249, 263, 291, 293, 337, 385, 448, 490.
[684]Still,Underground Railroad Records, 2d ed., pp. 59, 65, 105, 137, 193, 249, 263, 291, 293, 337, 385, 448, 490.
[685]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 61, 62.
[685]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 61, 62.
[686]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xxvii.
[686]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xxvii.
[687]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, Appendix, p. 108.
[687]Howe,The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, Appendix, p. 108.
[688]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.
[688]Still,Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.
[689]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, pp. 155, 156.
[689]Mitchell,The Underground Railroad, pp. 155, 156.
[690]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 102. William Still, who made a trip through Canada West in 1855, expressed a view similar to that above quoted, and added the words: "To say that there are not those amongst the colored people in Canada, as every place, who are very poor, ... who will commit crime, who indulge in habits of indolence and intemperance, ... would be far from the truth. Nevertheless, may not the same be said of white people, even where they have had the best chances in every particular?"Underground Railroad Records, p. xxviii.
[690]The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 102. William Still, who made a trip through Canada West in 1855, expressed a view similar to that above quoted, and added the words: "To say that there are not those amongst the colored people in Canada, as every place, who are very poor, ... who will commit crime, who indulge in habits of indolence and intemperance, ... would be far from the truth. Nevertheless, may not the same be said of white people, even where they have had the best chances in every particular?"Underground Railroad Records, p. xxviii.
[691]Chronotype, Oct. 7, 1850.
[691]Chronotype, Oct. 7, 1850.
[692]Clipping from theCommonwealth, preserved in a scrap-book relating to Theodore Parker, Boston Public Library.
[692]Clipping from theCommonwealth, preserved in a scrap-book relating to Theodore Parker, Boston Public Library.
[693]Conversation with Mr. Oliver, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.
[693]Conversation with Mr. Oliver, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.
[694]Conversation with the Rev. James Poindexter, Columbus, O., summer of 1895.
[694]Conversation with the Rev. James Poindexter, Columbus, O., summer of 1895.
[695]History of Summit County, Ohio, pp. 579, 580.
[695]History of Summit County, Ohio, pp. 579, 580.
[696]Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N.Y.
[696]Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N.Y.
[697]See p. 250, this chapter.
[697]See p. 250, this chapter.
[698]The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 29, 1893.
[698]The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 29, 1893.
[699]Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895.
[699]Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895.
[700]Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.
[700]Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.
[701]Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 304; see also E. B. Andrews'History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 36.
[701]Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 304; see also E. B. Andrews'History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 36.
[702]Conversation with Mr. Sanborn, Cambridge, Mass., March, 1897.
[702]Conversation with Mr. Sanborn, Cambridge, Mass., March, 1897.
[703]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 97.
[703]The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 97.
[704]James H. Fairchild,The Underground Railroad, Tract No. 87, in Vol. IV, Western Reserve Historical Society, p. 106.
[704]James H. Fairchild,The Underground Railroad, Tract No. 87, in Vol. IV, Western Reserve Historical Society, p. 106.
[705]G. M. Stroud,A Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery, 2d ed., 1856, pp. 281, 282.
[705]G. M. Stroud,A Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery, 2d ed., 1856, pp. 281, 282.
[706]Statutes of the State of Ohio, 1841, collated by J. B. Swan, pp. 595-600.
[706]Statutes of the State of Ohio, 1841, collated by J. B. Swan, pp. 595-600.
[707]Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 367.
[707]Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 367.
[708]Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 380. The newspapers named by Mr. May are,The AdvertiserandThe Americanof Rochester,The GazetteandObserverof Utica,The Oneida Whig,The Register,The ArgusandThe Expressof Albany,The CourierandInquirerandThe Expressof New York.
[708]Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 380. The newspapers named by Mr. May are,The AdvertiserandThe Americanof Rochester,The GazetteandObserverof Utica,The Oneida Whig,The Register,The ArgusandThe Expressof Albany,The CourierandInquirerandThe Expressof New York.
[709]The Underground Railroad, pp. 13, 14.
[709]The Underground Railroad, pp. 13, 14.
[710]Weiss,Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 93.
[710]Weiss,Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 93.
[711]The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims, by Samuel May, Jr., 1861, p. 19.
[711]The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims, by Samuel May, Jr., 1861, p. 19.
[712]Ibid., p. 31. See Appendix B, p. 374.
[712]Ibid., p. 31. See Appendix B, p. 374.
[713]Ibid., p. 68et seq.
[713]Ibid., p. 68et seq.
[714]See Appendix B, p. 375.
[714]See Appendix B, p. 375.
[715]Congressional Globe, New Series, Vol. XXII, Part I, p. 793.
[715]Congressional Globe, New Series, Vol. XXII, Part I, p. 793.
[716]F. Bowen on "Extradition of Fugitive Slaves," Vol. LXXI, p. 252et seq.
[716]F. Bowen on "Extradition of Fugitive Slaves," Vol. LXXI, p. 252et seq.