Cabanis, pears grafted on the quince, ii.239.Cabbage, i. 323-326;varieties of, i. 323;unity of character in flowers and seeds of, i. 323-324;cultivated by ancient Celts, i. 324;classification of varieties of,ibid.;ready crossing of,ibid., ii.90,91,98,130;origin of, i. 325;increased fertility of, when cultivated, ii.113;growth of, in tropical countries, ii.277.Cabool, vines of, i. 333.Cabral, on early cultivation in Brazil, i. 311.Cactus, growth of cochineal on, in India, ii.275.Cæsar,Bos primigeniuswild in Europe in the time of, i. 81;notice of fowls in Britain, i. 246;notice of the importation of horses by the Celts, ii.203.Caffrefowls, i. 230.Caffres, different kinds of cattle possessed by the, i. 88."Cágias," a breed of sheep, i. 95.Calceolarias, i. 364; ii.147;effects of seasonal conditions on, ii.274;peloric flowers in, ii.346."Calongos," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88.Calver, Mr., on a seedling peach producing both peaches and nectarines, i. 341.Calyx, segments of the, converted into carpels, ii.392.Camel, its dislike to crossing water, i. 181.Camellia, bud-variations in, i. 377;recognition of varieties of, ii.251;variety in, hardiness of, ii.308.Cameron, D., on the cultivation of Alpine plants, ii.163.Cameronn, Baron, value of English blood in race-horses, ii.11.Campanula medium, ii.200.Canary-bird, i. 295;conditions of inheritance in, ii.22;hybrids of, ii.45;period of perfect plumage in, ii.77;diminished fertility of, ii.161;standard of perfection in, ii.195;analogous variation in, ii.349.Cancer, heredity of, ii.7,8,79.Canineteeth, development of the, in mares, ii.318.Canis alopex, i. 29.Canis antarcticus, i. 20.Canis argentatus, ii.151.Canis aureus, i. 29.Canis cancrivorus, domesticated and crossed in Guiana, i. 23.Canis cinereo-variegatus, i. 29.Canis fulvus, i. 29.Canis Ingæ, the naked Peruvian dog, i. 23.Canis latrans, resemblance of, to the Hare Indian dog, i. 22;one of the original stocks, i. 26.Canis lupaster, i. 25.Canis lupus, var.occidentalis, resemblance of, to North American dogs, i. 21;crossed with dogs, i. 22;one of the original stocks, i. 26.Canis mesomelas, i. 25, 29.Canis primævus, tamed by Mr. Hodgson, i. 26.Canis sabbar, i. 25.Canis simensis, possible original of greyhounds, i. 33.Canis thaleb, i. 29.Canis variegatus, i. 29.CanterburyBell, doubled by selection, ii.200.Capeof Good Hope, different kinds of cattle at the, i. 88;no useful plants derived from the, i. 310.Capercailzie, breeding in captivity, ii.156.Capra ægagrusandC. Falconeri, probable parents of domestic goat, i. 101.Capsicum, i. 371.Cardan, on a variety of the walnut, i. 356;on grafted walnuts, ii.259-260.Cardoon, ii.34.Carex rigida, local sterility of the, ii.170.Carlier, early selection of sheep, ii.204.Carlisle, Sir A., inheritance of peculiarities, ii.6,8;of polydactylism, ii.13."Carme" pigeon, i. 156.Carnation, bud-variation in, i. 381;variability of, i. 370;striped, produced by crossing red and white, i. 393;effect of conditions of life on the, ii.273.Carnivora, general fertility of, in captivity, ii.150.CarolineArchipelago, cats of, i. 47.Carp, ii.236.Carpels, variation of, in cultivated cucurbitaceæ, i. 359.Carpenter, W. B., regeneration of bone, ii.294;production of double monsters, ii.340;number of eggs in anAscaris, ii.379.Carpinus betulus, i. 362.Carpophaga littoralisandluctuosa, i. 182.Carrierpigeon, i. 139-142;English, i. 139-141;figured, i. 140;skull figured, i. 163;history of the, i. 211;Persian, i. 141;Bussorah,ibid.;Bagadotten, skull figured, i. 163;lower jaw figured, i. 165.Carrière, cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326;intermediate form between the almond and the peach, i. 338;glands of peach-leaves, i. 343;bud-variation in the vine, i. 375;grafts ofAria vestitaupon thorns, i. 387;variability of hybrids ofErythrina, ii.265.Carrot, wild, effects of cultivation on the, i. 326;reversion in the, ii.31;run wild, ii.33;increased fertility of cultivated, ii.113;experiments on the, ii.277;acclimatisation of the, in India, ii.311.Carthamus, abortion of the pappus in, ii.316.Cartier, cultivation of native plants in Canada, i. 312.Caryophyllaceæ, frequency of contabescence in the, ii.165.Caspary, bud-variation in the moss-rose, i. 380;on the ovules and pollen ofCytisus, i. 388-389;crossing ofCytisus purpureusandC. laburnum, i. 389;trifacial orange, i. 391;differently-coloured flowers in the wildViola lutea,i. 408;sterility of the horse-radish, ii.170.Castelnau, on Brazilian cattle, i. 88.Castration, assumption of female characters caused by, ii.51-52.Casuarius bennettii, ii.156.Cat, domestic, i. 43-48;early domestication and probable origin of the, i. 43-44;intercrossing of with wild species, i. 44-45;variations of, i. 45-48;feral, i. 47, ii.33;anomalous, i. 48;polydactylism in, ii.14;black, indications of stripes in young, ii.55;tortoiseshell, ii.73;effects of crossing in, ii.86;fertility of, ii.111;difficulty of selection in, ii.234,236;length of intestines in, ii.302;white with blue eyes, deafness of, ii.329;with tufted ears, ii.350.Cataract, hereditary, ii.9,79.Caterpillars, effect of changed food on, ii.280.Catlin, G., colour of feral horses in North America, i. 61.Cattle, European, their probable origin from three original species, i. 79-82;humped, or Zebus, i. 79-80;intercrossing of, i. 83, 91-93;wild, of Chillingham, Hamilton, Chartley, Burton Constable, and Gisburne, i. 84, ii.119;colour of feral, i. 84-85, ii.102;British breeds of, i. 86-87;South African breeds of, i. 88;South American breeds of, i. 89, ii.205;Niata, i. 89-91, ii.205,208,332;effects of food and climate on, i. 91-92;effects of selection on, i. 92-93;Dutch-buttocked, ii.8;hornless, production of horns in, ii.29-30,39;reversion in, when crossed, ii.41;wildness of hybrid, ii.45;short-horned, prepotency of, ii.65;wild, influence of crossing and segregation on, ii.86;crosses of, ii.96,104,118;of Falkland islands, ii.102;mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii.110;effects of interbreeding on, ii.117-119;effects of careful selection on, ii.194,199;naked, of Columbia, ii.205;crossed with wild banteng in Java, ii.206;with reversed hair in Banda Oriental, ii.205;selection of trifling characters in, ii.209;fashion in, ii.210;similarity of best races of, ii.241;unconscious selection in, ii.214;effects of natural selection on anomalous breeds of, ii.226-227;light-coloured, attacked by flies, ii.229,336;Jersey, rapid improvement of, ii.234;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.299;rudimentary horns in, ii.315;supposed influence of humidity on the hair of, ii.326;white spots of, liable to disease, ii.337;supposed analogous variation in, ii.349;displacement of long-horned by short-horned, ii.426.Cauliflower, i. 323;free-seeding of, in India, ii.310;rudimentary flowers in, ii.316.Cavalierpigeon, ii.97.Cavia aperea, ii.152.Cay(Cebus azaræ), sterility of, in confinement, ii.153.Cebus azaræ, ii.153.Cecidomyia, larval development of, ii.283,360,367;andMisocampus, i. 5.Cedarsof Lebanon and Atlas, i. 364.Celery, turnip-rooted, i. 336;run wild, ii.33.Cell-theory, ii.370.Celosia cristata, i. 365.Celsus, on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318, ii.203.Celts, early cultivation of the cabbage by the, i. 324;selection of cattle and horses by the, ii.202-203.Cenchrus, seeds of a, used as food, i. 309.Centaurea cyanus, bud-variation in, i. 379.Cephalopoda, spermatophores of, ii.383.Cerasus padus, yellow-fruited, ii.19.Cercoleptes, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.Cercopithecus, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii.153.Cereals, i. 312-313;of the Neolithic period in Switzerland, i. 317;adaptation of, to soils, ii.305.Cereus, ii.38.Cereus speciosissimusandphyllanthus, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392.Cervus canadensis, ii.158.Cervus dama, ii.120.Cetacea, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii.328.Ceylon, cats of, i. 46;pigeon-fancying in, i. 206.Chamærops humilis, crossed with date palm, i. 399.Chamisso, on seeding bread-fruit, ii.168.Channelislands, breeds of cattle in, i. 80.Chapman, Professor, peach-trees producing nectarines, i. 341.Chapuis, F., sexual peculiarities in pigeons, i. 162, ii.74;effect produced by first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405;sterility of the union of some pigeons, ii.162.Characters, fixity of, ii.239;latent, ii.51-56,399-400;continued divergence of, ii.241;antagonistic, ii.401.Chardin, abundance of pigeons in Persia, i. 205.Charlemagne, orders as to the selection of stallions, ii.203.Chartley, wild cattle of, i. 84.Chaté, reversion of the upper seeds in the pods of stocks, ii.347-348.Chatin, onRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.Chaundy, Mr., crossed varieties of cabbage, ii.130.Cheetah, general sterility of, in captivity, ii.151.Cheiranthus cheiri, i. 382.Cherries, i. 347-348;bud-variation in, i. 375;white Tartarian, ii.230;variety of, with curled petals, ii.232;period of vegetation of, changed by forcing, ii.311.Chevreul, on crossing fruit-trees, ii.129.Chickens, differences in characters of, i. 249-250;white, liable to gapes, ii.228,336.Chigoe, ii.275.Chile, sheep of, i. 95.Chillinghamcattle, identical withBos primigenius, i. 81;characters of, i. 83-84.Chiloe, half-castes of, ii.46.China, cats of, with drooping ears, i. 47;horses of, i. 53;striped ponies of, i. 59;asses of, i. 62;notice of rabbits in, by Confucius, i. 103;breeds of pigeons reared in, i. 206;breeds of fowls of, in fifteenth century, i. 232, 247;goose of, i. 237.Chinchilla, fertility of, in captivity, ii.152.Chinese, selection practised by the, ii.204-205;preference of the, for hornless rams, ii.209;recognition of the value of native breeds by the, ii.313.Chinese, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108."Chivos," a breed of cattle in Paraguay, i. 89.Choux-raves, i. 323.Christ, H., on the plants of the Swiss Lake-dwellings, i. 309, 318;intermediate forms betweenPinus sylvestrisandmontana, i. 363.Chrysanthemum, i. 379.Chrysotis festiva, ii.280.Cineraria, effects of selection on the, ii.200.Circassia, horses of, ii.102.Circumcision, ii.23.Cirripedes, metagenesis in, ii.366.Cistus, intercrossing and hybrids of, i. 336, 389, ii.140.Cistus tricuspis, bud-variation in, i. 377.Citrons, i. 334-335."Citrus aurantium fructu variabili," i. 336.Citrus decumana, i. 335.Citrus lemonum, i. 336.Citrus medica, i. 335-336.Cleftpalate, inheritance of, ii.24.Clemente, on wild vines in Spain, i. 332.Clermont-Tonnerre, on the St. Valery apple, i. 401.Clapham, A., bud-variation in the hawthorn, i. 377."Claquant," i. 138."Claquers" (pigeons), i. 156.Clark, G., on the wild dogs of Juan de Nova, i. 27;on striped Burmese and Javanese ponies, i. 59;breeds of goats imported into the Mauritius, i. 101;variations in the mammæ of goats, i. 102;bilobed scrotum of Muscat goat,ibid.Clark, H. J., on fission and gemmation, ii.359.Clarke, R. T., intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352.Clarke, T., hybridisation of stocks, i. 399, ii.93.Clarkson, Mr., prize-cultivation of the gooseberry, i. 355.Classification, explained by the theory of natural selection, i. 11.Climate, effect of, upon breeds of dogs, i. 37;on horses, i. 52, 53;on cattle, i. 91, 92;on the fleece of sheep, i. 98, 99;on seeds of wheat, i. 316;on cultivated cabbages, i. 325;adaptation of maize to, i. 322.Climateand pasture, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96-97.Climateand soil, effects of, upon strawberries, i. 353.Cline, Mr., on the skull in horned and hornless rams, ii.333.Clos, on sterility inRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.Clotzsch, hybrids of various trees, ii.130.Clover, pelorism in, ii.340.Coate, Mr., on interbreeding pigs, ii.122.Coccusof apple trees, ii.231.Cochinfowls, i. 227, 250, 252, 260-261;occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261;section of skull of, figured, i. 263;cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267.Cochineal, persistence of, ii.236;preference of, for a particular cactus, ii.275.Cochlearia armoracia, ii.170.Cock, game, natural selection in, ii.225;spur of, grafted on the comb, ii.296;spur of, inserted into the eye of an ox, ii.369;effect of castration upon the, ii.51-52.Cock's-comb, varieties of the, i. 365.Cocoons, of silkworms, variations in, i. 302-303.Codfish, bulldog, i. 89;number of eggs in the, ii.379.Cœlogenys paca, ii.152.Colin, prepotency of the ass over the horse, ii.67-68;on cross-breeding, ii.97;on change of diet, ii.304.Collinson, Peter, peach-tree producing a nectarine, i. 340.Coloration, in pigeons, an evidence of unity of descent, i. 195-197.Colour, correlation of, in dogs, i. 28-29;persistence of, in horses, i. 50;inheritance and diversity of, in horses, i. 55;variations of, in the ass, i. 62-63;of wild or feral cattle, i. 85;transmission of, in rabbits, i. 107;peculiarities of, in Himalayan rabbits, i. 111;influence of, ii.227-230;correlation of, in head and limbs, ii.324;correlated with constitutional peculiarities, ii.335-338.Colourand odour, correlation of, ii.325.Colour-blindness, hereditary, ii.9;more common in men than in women, ii.72-73;associated with inability to distinguish musical sounds, ii.328.Colours, sometimes not blended by crossing, ii.92.Columba affinis, Blyth, a variety ofC. livia, i. 183.Columba amaliæ, Brehm, a variety ofC. livia, i. 183.Columba guinea, i. 182.Columba gymnocyclus, Gray, a form ofC. livia, i. 184.Columba gymnophthalmos, hybrids of, withC. œnas, i. 193;withC. maculosa, i. 194.Columba intermedia, Strickland, a variety ofC. livia, i. 184.Columba leucocephala, ii.155.Columba leuconota, i. 182, 195.Columba littoralis, i. 182.Columba livia, ii.29,40;the parent of domestic breeds of pigeons, i. 183;measurements of, i. 134;figured, i. 135;skull figured, i. 163;lower jaw figured, i. 164, 168;scapula figured, i. 167.Columba luctuosa, i. 182.Columba migratoriaandleucocephala, diminished fertility of, in captivity, ii.155.Columba œnas, i. 183;crossed with common pigeon andC. gymnophthalmos, i. 193.Columba palumbus, i. 193, ii.350.Columba rupestris, i. 182, 184, 195.Columba Schimperi, i. 184.Columba torquatrix, ii.350.Columba turricola, i. 184.Columbia, cattle of, i. 88.Columbine, double, i. 365, ii.330.Columbus, on West Indian dogs, i. 23.Columella, on Italian shepherd's dogs, i. 23;on domestic fowls, i. 231, 247, ii.202,429;on the keeping of ducks, i. 277;on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318;on the benefits of change of soil to plants, ii.146;on the value of native breeds, ii.313.Colza, i. 325.Comb, in fowls, variations of, i. 253-254;sometimes rudimentary, ii.315.Compensation, law of, i. 274.Compensationof growth, ii.342-344.Complexion, connexion of, with constitution, ii.335.Compositæ, double flowers of, i. 365, ii.167,316.Conception, earlier in Alderney and Zetland cows than in other breeds, i. 87.Conditionsof life, changed, effect of, ii.418-419;on horses, i. 52;upon variation in pigeons, i. 212-213;upon wheat, i. 315-316;upon trees, i. 361;in producing bud-variation, i. 408;advantages of, ii.145-148,176-177;sterility caused by, ii.148-165;conducive to variability, ii.255-261,394;accumulative action of, ii.261-263;direct action of, ii.271-292.Condor, breeding in captivity, ii.154.Confinement, effect of, upon the cock, ii.52.Confucius, on the breeding of rabbits in China, i. 103.Conolly, Mr., on Angora goats, ii.326.Constitutionaldifferences in sheep, i. 96-97;in varieties of apples, i. 349-350;in pelargoniums, i. 364;in dahlias, i. 370.Constitutionalpeculiarities in strawberries, i. 353;in roses, i. 367.Consumption, hereditary, ii.8;period of appearance of, ii.77;correlated with complexion, ii.335.Contabescence, ii.165-166.Convolvulus batatas, ii.169,309.Convolvulus tricolor, bud-variation in, i. 408.Cooper, Mr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii.204.Cooper, White, hereditary peculiarities of vision, ii.9;association of affections of the eyes with those of other systems, ii.328.Corals, bud-variation in, i. 374;non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii.379.Corbié.SeeBoitard.Cornea, opacity of, inherited, ii.9.Cornus mascula, yellow-fruited, ii.19.Correlation, ii.319;of neighbouring parts, ii.320;of change in the whole body and in some of its parts, ii.321;of homologous parts, ii.322-331;inexplicable, ii.331-333;commingling of, with the effects of other agencies, ii.333-335.Correlationof skull and limbs in swine, i. 73;of tusks and bristles in swine, i. 76;of multiplicity of horns and coarseness of wool in sheep, i. 95;of beak and feet in pigeons, i. 172-173;between nestling down and colour of plumage in pigeons, i. 194;of changes in silkworms, i. 304;in plants, ii.219;in maize, i. 323;in pigeons, i. 167-171, 218;in fowls, i. 274-275.Correspondingperiods, inheritance at, ii.75-80.Corrientes, dwarf cattle of, i. 89.Corringham, Mr., influence of selection on pigs, ii.198.Corsica, ponies of, i. 52."Cortbeck" (pigeon) of Aldrovandi, i. 209.Corvus coroneandC. cornix, hybrids of, ii.94.Corydalis, flower of, ii.304.Corydalis cava, ii.132-133.Corydalis solida, sterile when peloric, ii.167.Corydalis tuberosa, peloric by reversion, ii.58-59.Corylus avellana, i. 357.Costa, A., on shells transferred from England to the Mediterranean, ii.280."Couve Tronchuda," i. 323.Cow, inheritance of loss of one horn in the, ii.12,23;amount of milk furnished by the, ii.300;development of six mammæ in, ii.317.Cowslip, ii.21,182.Cracidæ, sterility of the, in captivity, ii.156.Cranes, fertility of, in captivity, ii.156.Cratægus oxyacantha, i. 363, ii.18,232,258,377.Cratægus monogyna, i. 364.Cratægus sibirica, i. 364.Crawfurd, J., Malasian cats, i. 47;horses of the Malay Archipelago, i. 49;horses of Japan, i. 53;occurrence of stripes in young wild pigs of Malacca, i. 76;on a Burmese hairy family with deficient teeth, ii.77,327;Japanese origin of the bantam, i. 230;game fowls of the Philippine islands, i. 232;hybrids ofGallus variusand domestic fowl, i. 234;domestication ofGallus bankiva, i. 236;feral fowls in the Pellew islands, i. 238;history of the fowl, i. 246;history of the domestic duck, i. 277;domestication of the goose, i. 287;cultivated plants of New Zealand, i. 312;breeding of tame elephants in Ava, ii.150;sterility ofGoura coronatain confinement, ii.155;geese of the Philippine islands, ii.162.Creepers, a breed of fowls, i. 230.Crestedfowl, i. 227;figured, i. 229."Crève-cœur," a French sub-breed of fowls, i. 229.Crisp, Dr., on the brains of the hare and rabbit, i. 126.Crocker, C. W., singular form ofBegonia frigida, i. 365-366, ii.166;sterility inRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.Crocus, ii.165.Cross-breeding, permanent effect of, on the female, i. 404.Crossing, ii.85-144,173-192;a cause of uniformity, ii.85-90,173;occurs in all organised beings, ii.90-92;some characters not blended by, ii.92-95,173;modifications and new races produced by, ii.95-99;causes which check, ii.100-109;domestication and cultivation favourable to, ii.109-113,189;beneficial effects of, ii.114-131,174-176;necessary in some plants, ii.131-140,175-176,423;summary of subject of, ii.140-144;of dogs with wolves in North America, i. 21-22;withCanis cancrivorusin Guiana, i. 23;of dog with wolf, described by Pliny and others, i. 24;characters furnished by, brought out by reversion in the progeny, ii.34-36;a direct cause of reversion, ii.39-47,48;a cause of variability, ii.264-267.Crustacea, macrourous, differences in the development of the, ii.368.Crustaceanwith an antenna-like development of the eye-peduncle, ii.391.Cryptogamicplants, bud-variation in, i. 383.Cuba, wild dogs of, i. 27."Cuckoo," sub-breeds of fowls, i. 244.Cucumber, variation in number of carpels of, i. 359;supposed crossing of varieties of the, i. 400.Cucumis momordica, i. 360.Cucumis sativa, i. 359.Cucurbita, dwarf, correlation of leaves in, ii.330.Cucurbita maxima, i. 357, 359.Cucurbita moschata, i. 357, 359.Cucurbita pepo, i. 357, ii.108;varieties of, i. 358;relation in size and number of fruit of, ii.343.Cucurbitaceæ, i. 357-360;supposed crossing of, i. 399;Naudin's observations on hybrids of, ii.172;acclimatisation of, ii.313."Culbutants" (pigeons), i. 150.Cultivationof plants, origin of, among savages, i. 309-310;fertility increased by, ii.111-113.Cunier, on hereditary night-blindness, ii.9.Currants, of Tierra del Fuego, i. 309;bud-variation in, i. 376.Curtis, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, i. 381.Cuvier, on the gestation of the wolf, i. 29;the odour of the jackal, an obstacle to domestication, i. 30;differences of the skull in dogs, i. 34;external characters of dogs, i. 35;elongation of the intestines in domestic pigs, i. 73, ii.303;fertility of the hook-billed duck, i. 277;number of digits, ii.13;hybrid of ass and zebra, ii.42;breeding of animals in the Jardin des Plantes, ii.149;sterility of predaceous birds in captivity, ii.154;facility of hybridisation in confinement, ii.160.Cyanosis, affection of fingers in, ii.332.Cyclamen, bud-variation in, i. 382.Cynara cardunculus, ii.34.Cynips fecundatrix, ii.283.Cynocephalus hamadryas, ii.153.Cyprinus auratus, i. 296-297.Cyrtanthus, ii.139.Cyrtopodium, ii.134.Cytisus Adami, ii.364;its bud-variation, i. 387-389, 406, ii.37;seedlings from, i. 388;different views of its origin, i. 389-390;experiments in crossingC. purpureusandlaburnumto produce, i. 389;its production by M. Adam, i. 390;discussion of origin of, i. 396.Cytisus alpino-laburnum, ovules and pollen of, i. 389;origin of, i. 390.Cytisus alpinus, i. 388.Cytisus laburnum, i. 387, 389, 390, 396.Cytisus purpureo-elongatus, ovules and pollen of, i. 389;production of, i. 390.Cytisus purpureus, i. 387, 388, 389, 390, 396.
Cabanis, pears grafted on the quince, ii.239.Cabbage, i. 323-326;varieties of, i. 323;unity of character in flowers and seeds of, i. 323-324;cultivated by ancient Celts, i. 324;classification of varieties of,ibid.;ready crossing of,ibid., ii.90,91,98,130;origin of, i. 325;increased fertility of, when cultivated, ii.113;growth of, in tropical countries, ii.277.Cabool, vines of, i. 333.Cabral, on early cultivation in Brazil, i. 311.Cactus, growth of cochineal on, in India, ii.275.Cæsar,Bos primigeniuswild in Europe in the time of, i. 81;notice of fowls in Britain, i. 246;notice of the importation of horses by the Celts, ii.203.Caffrefowls, i. 230.Caffres, different kinds of cattle possessed by the, i. 88."Cágias," a breed of sheep, i. 95.Calceolarias, i. 364; ii.147;effects of seasonal conditions on, ii.274;peloric flowers in, ii.346."Calongos," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88.Calver, Mr., on a seedling peach producing both peaches and nectarines, i. 341.Calyx, segments of the, converted into carpels, ii.392.Camel, its dislike to crossing water, i. 181.Camellia, bud-variations in, i. 377;recognition of varieties of, ii.251;variety in, hardiness of, ii.308.Cameron, D., on the cultivation of Alpine plants, ii.163.Cameronn, Baron, value of English blood in race-horses, ii.11.Campanula medium, ii.200.Canary-bird, i. 295;conditions of inheritance in, ii.22;hybrids of, ii.45;period of perfect plumage in, ii.77;diminished fertility of, ii.161;standard of perfection in, ii.195;analogous variation in, ii.349.Cancer, heredity of, ii.7,8,79.Canineteeth, development of the, in mares, ii.318.Canis alopex, i. 29.Canis antarcticus, i. 20.Canis argentatus, ii.151.Canis aureus, i. 29.Canis cancrivorus, domesticated and crossed in Guiana, i. 23.Canis cinereo-variegatus, i. 29.Canis fulvus, i. 29.Canis Ingæ, the naked Peruvian dog, i. 23.Canis latrans, resemblance of, to the Hare Indian dog, i. 22;one of the original stocks, i. 26.Canis lupaster, i. 25.Canis lupus, var.occidentalis, resemblance of, to North American dogs, i. 21;crossed with dogs, i. 22;one of the original stocks, i. 26.Canis mesomelas, i. 25, 29.Canis primævus, tamed by Mr. Hodgson, i. 26.Canis sabbar, i. 25.Canis simensis, possible original of greyhounds, i. 33.Canis thaleb, i. 29.Canis variegatus, i. 29.CanterburyBell, doubled by selection, ii.200.Capeof Good Hope, different kinds of cattle at the, i. 88;no useful plants derived from the, i. 310.Capercailzie, breeding in captivity, ii.156.Capra ægagrusandC. Falconeri, probable parents of domestic goat, i. 101.Capsicum, i. 371.Cardan, on a variety of the walnut, i. 356;on grafted walnuts, ii.259-260.Cardoon, ii.34.Carex rigida, local sterility of the, ii.170.Carlier, early selection of sheep, ii.204.Carlisle, Sir A., inheritance of peculiarities, ii.6,8;of polydactylism, ii.13."Carme" pigeon, i. 156.Carnation, bud-variation in, i. 381;variability of, i. 370;striped, produced by crossing red and white, i. 393;effect of conditions of life on the, ii.273.Carnivora, general fertility of, in captivity, ii.150.CarolineArchipelago, cats of, i. 47.Carp, ii.236.Carpels, variation of, in cultivated cucurbitaceæ, i. 359.Carpenter, W. B., regeneration of bone, ii.294;production of double monsters, ii.340;number of eggs in anAscaris, ii.379.Carpinus betulus, i. 362.Carpophaga littoralisandluctuosa, i. 182.Carrierpigeon, i. 139-142;English, i. 139-141;figured, i. 140;skull figured, i. 163;history of the, i. 211;Persian, i. 141;Bussorah,ibid.;Bagadotten, skull figured, i. 163;lower jaw figured, i. 165.Carrière, cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326;intermediate form between the almond and the peach, i. 338;glands of peach-leaves, i. 343;bud-variation in the vine, i. 375;grafts ofAria vestitaupon thorns, i. 387;variability of hybrids ofErythrina, ii.265.Carrot, wild, effects of cultivation on the, i. 326;reversion in the, ii.31;run wild, ii.33;increased fertility of cultivated, ii.113;experiments on the, ii.277;acclimatisation of the, in India, ii.311.Carthamus, abortion of the pappus in, ii.316.Cartier, cultivation of native plants in Canada, i. 312.Caryophyllaceæ, frequency of contabescence in the, ii.165.Caspary, bud-variation in the moss-rose, i. 380;on the ovules and pollen ofCytisus, i. 388-389;crossing ofCytisus purpureusandC. laburnum, i. 389;trifacial orange, i. 391;differently-coloured flowers in the wildViola lutea,i. 408;sterility of the horse-radish, ii.170.Castelnau, on Brazilian cattle, i. 88.Castration, assumption of female characters caused by, ii.51-52.Casuarius bennettii, ii.156.Cat, domestic, i. 43-48;early domestication and probable origin of the, i. 43-44;intercrossing of with wild species, i. 44-45;variations of, i. 45-48;feral, i. 47, ii.33;anomalous, i. 48;polydactylism in, ii.14;black, indications of stripes in young, ii.55;tortoiseshell, ii.73;effects of crossing in, ii.86;fertility of, ii.111;difficulty of selection in, ii.234,236;length of intestines in, ii.302;white with blue eyes, deafness of, ii.329;with tufted ears, ii.350.Cataract, hereditary, ii.9,79.Caterpillars, effect of changed food on, ii.280.Catlin, G., colour of feral horses in North America, i. 61.Cattle, European, their probable origin from three original species, i. 79-82;humped, or Zebus, i. 79-80;intercrossing of, i. 83, 91-93;wild, of Chillingham, Hamilton, Chartley, Burton Constable, and Gisburne, i. 84, ii.119;colour of feral, i. 84-85, ii.102;British breeds of, i. 86-87;South African breeds of, i. 88;South American breeds of, i. 89, ii.205;Niata, i. 89-91, ii.205,208,332;effects of food and climate on, i. 91-92;effects of selection on, i. 92-93;Dutch-buttocked, ii.8;hornless, production of horns in, ii.29-30,39;reversion in, when crossed, ii.41;wildness of hybrid, ii.45;short-horned, prepotency of, ii.65;wild, influence of crossing and segregation on, ii.86;crosses of, ii.96,104,118;of Falkland islands, ii.102;mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii.110;effects of interbreeding on, ii.117-119;effects of careful selection on, ii.194,199;naked, of Columbia, ii.205;crossed with wild banteng in Java, ii.206;with reversed hair in Banda Oriental, ii.205;selection of trifling characters in, ii.209;fashion in, ii.210;similarity of best races of, ii.241;unconscious selection in, ii.214;effects of natural selection on anomalous breeds of, ii.226-227;light-coloured, attacked by flies, ii.229,336;Jersey, rapid improvement of, ii.234;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.299;rudimentary horns in, ii.315;supposed influence of humidity on the hair of, ii.326;white spots of, liable to disease, ii.337;supposed analogous variation in, ii.349;displacement of long-horned by short-horned, ii.426.Cauliflower, i. 323;free-seeding of, in India, ii.310;rudimentary flowers in, ii.316.Cavalierpigeon, ii.97.Cavia aperea, ii.152.Cay(Cebus azaræ), sterility of, in confinement, ii.153.Cebus azaræ, ii.153.Cecidomyia, larval development of, ii.283,360,367;andMisocampus, i. 5.Cedarsof Lebanon and Atlas, i. 364.Celery, turnip-rooted, i. 336;run wild, ii.33.Cell-theory, ii.370.Celosia cristata, i. 365.Celsus, on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318, ii.203.Celts, early cultivation of the cabbage by the, i. 324;selection of cattle and horses by the, ii.202-203.Cenchrus, seeds of a, used as food, i. 309.Centaurea cyanus, bud-variation in, i. 379.Cephalopoda, spermatophores of, ii.383.Cerasus padus, yellow-fruited, ii.19.Cercoleptes, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.Cercopithecus, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii.153.Cereals, i. 312-313;of the Neolithic period in Switzerland, i. 317;adaptation of, to soils, ii.305.Cereus, ii.38.Cereus speciosissimusandphyllanthus, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392.Cervus canadensis, ii.158.Cervus dama, ii.120.Cetacea, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii.328.Ceylon, cats of, i. 46;pigeon-fancying in, i. 206.Chamærops humilis, crossed with date palm, i. 399.Chamisso, on seeding bread-fruit, ii.168.Channelislands, breeds of cattle in, i. 80.Chapman, Professor, peach-trees producing nectarines, i. 341.Chapuis, F., sexual peculiarities in pigeons, i. 162, ii.74;effect produced by first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405;sterility of the union of some pigeons, ii.162.Characters, fixity of, ii.239;latent, ii.51-56,399-400;continued divergence of, ii.241;antagonistic, ii.401.Chardin, abundance of pigeons in Persia, i. 205.Charlemagne, orders as to the selection of stallions, ii.203.Chartley, wild cattle of, i. 84.Chaté, reversion of the upper seeds in the pods of stocks, ii.347-348.Chatin, onRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.Chaundy, Mr., crossed varieties of cabbage, ii.130.Cheetah, general sterility of, in captivity, ii.151.Cheiranthus cheiri, i. 382.Cherries, i. 347-348;bud-variation in, i. 375;white Tartarian, ii.230;variety of, with curled petals, ii.232;period of vegetation of, changed by forcing, ii.311.Chevreul, on crossing fruit-trees, ii.129.Chickens, differences in characters of, i. 249-250;white, liable to gapes, ii.228,336.Chigoe, ii.275.Chile, sheep of, i. 95.Chillinghamcattle, identical withBos primigenius, i. 81;characters of, i. 83-84.Chiloe, half-castes of, ii.46.China, cats of, with drooping ears, i. 47;horses of, i. 53;striped ponies of, i. 59;asses of, i. 62;notice of rabbits in, by Confucius, i. 103;breeds of pigeons reared in, i. 206;breeds of fowls of, in fifteenth century, i. 232, 247;goose of, i. 237.Chinchilla, fertility of, in captivity, ii.152.Chinese, selection practised by the, ii.204-205;preference of the, for hornless rams, ii.209;recognition of the value of native breeds by the, ii.313.Chinese, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108."Chivos," a breed of cattle in Paraguay, i. 89.Choux-raves, i. 323.Christ, H., on the plants of the Swiss Lake-dwellings, i. 309, 318;intermediate forms betweenPinus sylvestrisandmontana, i. 363.Chrysanthemum, i. 379.Chrysotis festiva, ii.280.Cineraria, effects of selection on the, ii.200.Circassia, horses of, ii.102.Circumcision, ii.23.Cirripedes, metagenesis in, ii.366.Cistus, intercrossing and hybrids of, i. 336, 389, ii.140.Cistus tricuspis, bud-variation in, i. 377.Citrons, i. 334-335."Citrus aurantium fructu variabili," i. 336.Citrus decumana, i. 335.Citrus lemonum, i. 336.Citrus medica, i. 335-336.Cleftpalate, inheritance of, ii.24.Clemente, on wild vines in Spain, i. 332.Clermont-Tonnerre, on the St. Valery apple, i. 401.Clapham, A., bud-variation in the hawthorn, i. 377."Claquant," i. 138."Claquers" (pigeons), i. 156.Clark, G., on the wild dogs of Juan de Nova, i. 27;on striped Burmese and Javanese ponies, i. 59;breeds of goats imported into the Mauritius, i. 101;variations in the mammæ of goats, i. 102;bilobed scrotum of Muscat goat,ibid.Clark, H. J., on fission and gemmation, ii.359.Clarke, R. T., intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352.Clarke, T., hybridisation of stocks, i. 399, ii.93.Clarkson, Mr., prize-cultivation of the gooseberry, i. 355.Classification, explained by the theory of natural selection, i. 11.Climate, effect of, upon breeds of dogs, i. 37;on horses, i. 52, 53;on cattle, i. 91, 92;on the fleece of sheep, i. 98, 99;on seeds of wheat, i. 316;on cultivated cabbages, i. 325;adaptation of maize to, i. 322.Climateand pasture, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96-97.Climateand soil, effects of, upon strawberries, i. 353.Cline, Mr., on the skull in horned and hornless rams, ii.333.Clos, on sterility inRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.Clotzsch, hybrids of various trees, ii.130.Clover, pelorism in, ii.340.Coate, Mr., on interbreeding pigs, ii.122.Coccusof apple trees, ii.231.Cochinfowls, i. 227, 250, 252, 260-261;occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261;section of skull of, figured, i. 263;cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267.Cochineal, persistence of, ii.236;preference of, for a particular cactus, ii.275.Cochlearia armoracia, ii.170.Cock, game, natural selection in, ii.225;spur of, grafted on the comb, ii.296;spur of, inserted into the eye of an ox, ii.369;effect of castration upon the, ii.51-52.Cock's-comb, varieties of the, i. 365.Cocoons, of silkworms, variations in, i. 302-303.Codfish, bulldog, i. 89;number of eggs in the, ii.379.Cœlogenys paca, ii.152.Colin, prepotency of the ass over the horse, ii.67-68;on cross-breeding, ii.97;on change of diet, ii.304.Collinson, Peter, peach-tree producing a nectarine, i. 340.Coloration, in pigeons, an evidence of unity of descent, i. 195-197.Colour, correlation of, in dogs, i. 28-29;persistence of, in horses, i. 50;inheritance and diversity of, in horses, i. 55;variations of, in the ass, i. 62-63;of wild or feral cattle, i. 85;transmission of, in rabbits, i. 107;peculiarities of, in Himalayan rabbits, i. 111;influence of, ii.227-230;correlation of, in head and limbs, ii.324;correlated with constitutional peculiarities, ii.335-338.Colourand odour, correlation of, ii.325.Colour-blindness, hereditary, ii.9;more common in men than in women, ii.72-73;associated with inability to distinguish musical sounds, ii.328.Colours, sometimes not blended by crossing, ii.92.Columba affinis, Blyth, a variety ofC. livia, i. 183.Columba amaliæ, Brehm, a variety ofC. livia, i. 183.Columba guinea, i. 182.Columba gymnocyclus, Gray, a form ofC. livia, i. 184.Columba gymnophthalmos, hybrids of, withC. œnas, i. 193;withC. maculosa, i. 194.Columba intermedia, Strickland, a variety ofC. livia, i. 184.Columba leucocephala, ii.155.Columba leuconota, i. 182, 195.Columba littoralis, i. 182.Columba livia, ii.29,40;the parent of domestic breeds of pigeons, i. 183;measurements of, i. 134;figured, i. 135;skull figured, i. 163;lower jaw figured, i. 164, 168;scapula figured, i. 167.Columba luctuosa, i. 182.Columba migratoriaandleucocephala, diminished fertility of, in captivity, ii.155.Columba œnas, i. 183;crossed with common pigeon andC. gymnophthalmos, i. 193.Columba palumbus, i. 193, ii.350.Columba rupestris, i. 182, 184, 195.Columba Schimperi, i. 184.Columba torquatrix, ii.350.Columba turricola, i. 184.Columbia, cattle of, i. 88.Columbine, double, i. 365, ii.330.Columbus, on West Indian dogs, i. 23.Columella, on Italian shepherd's dogs, i. 23;on domestic fowls, i. 231, 247, ii.202,429;on the keeping of ducks, i. 277;on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318;on the benefits of change of soil to plants, ii.146;on the value of native breeds, ii.313.Colza, i. 325.Comb, in fowls, variations of, i. 253-254;sometimes rudimentary, ii.315.Compensation, law of, i. 274.Compensationof growth, ii.342-344.Complexion, connexion of, with constitution, ii.335.Compositæ, double flowers of, i. 365, ii.167,316.Conception, earlier in Alderney and Zetland cows than in other breeds, i. 87.Conditionsof life, changed, effect of, ii.418-419;on horses, i. 52;upon variation in pigeons, i. 212-213;upon wheat, i. 315-316;upon trees, i. 361;in producing bud-variation, i. 408;advantages of, ii.145-148,176-177;sterility caused by, ii.148-165;conducive to variability, ii.255-261,394;accumulative action of, ii.261-263;direct action of, ii.271-292.Condor, breeding in captivity, ii.154.Confinement, effect of, upon the cock, ii.52.Confucius, on the breeding of rabbits in China, i. 103.Conolly, Mr., on Angora goats, ii.326.Constitutionaldifferences in sheep, i. 96-97;in varieties of apples, i. 349-350;in pelargoniums, i. 364;in dahlias, i. 370.Constitutionalpeculiarities in strawberries, i. 353;in roses, i. 367.Consumption, hereditary, ii.8;period of appearance of, ii.77;correlated with complexion, ii.335.Contabescence, ii.165-166.Convolvulus batatas, ii.169,309.Convolvulus tricolor, bud-variation in, i. 408.Cooper, Mr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii.204.Cooper, White, hereditary peculiarities of vision, ii.9;association of affections of the eyes with those of other systems, ii.328.Corals, bud-variation in, i. 374;non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii.379.Corbié.SeeBoitard.Cornea, opacity of, inherited, ii.9.Cornus mascula, yellow-fruited, ii.19.Correlation, ii.319;of neighbouring parts, ii.320;of change in the whole body and in some of its parts, ii.321;of homologous parts, ii.322-331;inexplicable, ii.331-333;commingling of, with the effects of other agencies, ii.333-335.Correlationof skull and limbs in swine, i. 73;of tusks and bristles in swine, i. 76;of multiplicity of horns and coarseness of wool in sheep, i. 95;of beak and feet in pigeons, i. 172-173;between nestling down and colour of plumage in pigeons, i. 194;of changes in silkworms, i. 304;in plants, ii.219;in maize, i. 323;in pigeons, i. 167-171, 218;in fowls, i. 274-275.Correspondingperiods, inheritance at, ii.75-80.Corrientes, dwarf cattle of, i. 89.Corringham, Mr., influence of selection on pigs, ii.198.Corsica, ponies of, i. 52."Cortbeck" (pigeon) of Aldrovandi, i. 209.Corvus coroneandC. cornix, hybrids of, ii.94.Corydalis, flower of, ii.304.Corydalis cava, ii.132-133.Corydalis solida, sterile when peloric, ii.167.Corydalis tuberosa, peloric by reversion, ii.58-59.Corylus avellana, i. 357.Costa, A., on shells transferred from England to the Mediterranean, ii.280."Couve Tronchuda," i. 323.Cow, inheritance of loss of one horn in the, ii.12,23;amount of milk furnished by the, ii.300;development of six mammæ in, ii.317.Cowslip, ii.21,182.Cracidæ, sterility of the, in captivity, ii.156.Cranes, fertility of, in captivity, ii.156.Cratægus oxyacantha, i. 363, ii.18,232,258,377.Cratægus monogyna, i. 364.Cratægus sibirica, i. 364.Crawfurd, J., Malasian cats, i. 47;horses of the Malay Archipelago, i. 49;horses of Japan, i. 53;occurrence of stripes in young wild pigs of Malacca, i. 76;on a Burmese hairy family with deficient teeth, ii.77,327;Japanese origin of the bantam, i. 230;game fowls of the Philippine islands, i. 232;hybrids ofGallus variusand domestic fowl, i. 234;domestication ofGallus bankiva, i. 236;feral fowls in the Pellew islands, i. 238;history of the fowl, i. 246;history of the domestic duck, i. 277;domestication of the goose, i. 287;cultivated plants of New Zealand, i. 312;breeding of tame elephants in Ava, ii.150;sterility ofGoura coronatain confinement, ii.155;geese of the Philippine islands, ii.162.Creepers, a breed of fowls, i. 230.Crestedfowl, i. 227;figured, i. 229."Crève-cœur," a French sub-breed of fowls, i. 229.Crisp, Dr., on the brains of the hare and rabbit, i. 126.Crocker, C. W., singular form ofBegonia frigida, i. 365-366, ii.166;sterility inRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.Crocus, ii.165.Cross-breeding, permanent effect of, on the female, i. 404.Crossing, ii.85-144,173-192;a cause of uniformity, ii.85-90,173;occurs in all organised beings, ii.90-92;some characters not blended by, ii.92-95,173;modifications and new races produced by, ii.95-99;causes which check, ii.100-109;domestication and cultivation favourable to, ii.109-113,189;beneficial effects of, ii.114-131,174-176;necessary in some plants, ii.131-140,175-176,423;summary of subject of, ii.140-144;of dogs with wolves in North America, i. 21-22;withCanis cancrivorusin Guiana, i. 23;of dog with wolf, described by Pliny and others, i. 24;characters furnished by, brought out by reversion in the progeny, ii.34-36;a direct cause of reversion, ii.39-47,48;a cause of variability, ii.264-267.Crustacea, macrourous, differences in the development of the, ii.368.Crustaceanwith an antenna-like development of the eye-peduncle, ii.391.Cryptogamicplants, bud-variation in, i. 383.Cuba, wild dogs of, i. 27."Cuckoo," sub-breeds of fowls, i. 244.Cucumber, variation in number of carpels of, i. 359;supposed crossing of varieties of the, i. 400.Cucumis momordica, i. 360.Cucumis sativa, i. 359.Cucurbita, dwarf, correlation of leaves in, ii.330.Cucurbita maxima, i. 357, 359.Cucurbita moschata, i. 357, 359.Cucurbita pepo, i. 357, ii.108;varieties of, i. 358;relation in size and number of fruit of, ii.343.Cucurbitaceæ, i. 357-360;supposed crossing of, i. 399;Naudin's observations on hybrids of, ii.172;acclimatisation of, ii.313."Culbutants" (pigeons), i. 150.Cultivationof plants, origin of, among savages, i. 309-310;fertility increased by, ii.111-113.Cunier, on hereditary night-blindness, ii.9.Currants, of Tierra del Fuego, i. 309;bud-variation in, i. 376.Curtis, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, i. 381.Cuvier, on the gestation of the wolf, i. 29;the odour of the jackal, an obstacle to domestication, i. 30;differences of the skull in dogs, i. 34;external characters of dogs, i. 35;elongation of the intestines in domestic pigs, i. 73, ii.303;fertility of the hook-billed duck, i. 277;number of digits, ii.13;hybrid of ass and zebra, ii.42;breeding of animals in the Jardin des Plantes, ii.149;sterility of predaceous birds in captivity, ii.154;facility of hybridisation in confinement, ii.160.Cyanosis, affection of fingers in, ii.332.Cyclamen, bud-variation in, i. 382.Cynara cardunculus, ii.34.Cynips fecundatrix, ii.283.Cynocephalus hamadryas, ii.153.Cyprinus auratus, i. 296-297.Cyrtanthus, ii.139.Cyrtopodium, ii.134.Cytisus Adami, ii.364;its bud-variation, i. 387-389, 406, ii.37;seedlings from, i. 388;different views of its origin, i. 389-390;experiments in crossingC. purpureusandlaburnumto produce, i. 389;its production by M. Adam, i. 390;discussion of origin of, i. 396.Cytisus alpino-laburnum, ovules and pollen of, i. 389;origin of, i. 390.Cytisus alpinus, i. 388.Cytisus laburnum, i. 387, 389, 390, 396.Cytisus purpureo-elongatus, ovules and pollen of, i. 389;production of, i. 390.Cytisus purpureus, i. 387, 388, 389, 390, 396.
Cabanis, pears grafted on the quince, ii.239.
Cabbage, i. 323-326;
varieties of, i. 323;
unity of character in flowers and seeds of, i. 323-324;
cultivated by ancient Celts, i. 324;
classification of varieties of,ibid.;
ready crossing of,ibid., ii.90,91,98,130;
origin of, i. 325;
increased fertility of, when cultivated, ii.113;
growth of, in tropical countries, ii.277.
Cabool, vines of, i. 333.
Cabral, on early cultivation in Brazil, i. 311.
Cactus, growth of cochineal on, in India, ii.275.
Cæsar,Bos primigeniuswild in Europe in the time of, i. 81;
notice of fowls in Britain, i. 246;
notice of the importation of horses by the Celts, ii.203.
Caffrefowls, i. 230.
Caffres, different kinds of cattle possessed by the, i. 88.
"Cágias," a breed of sheep, i. 95.
Calceolarias, i. 364; ii.147;
effects of seasonal conditions on, ii.274;
peloric flowers in, ii.346.
"Calongos," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88.
Calver, Mr., on a seedling peach producing both peaches and nectarines, i. 341.
Calyx, segments of the, converted into carpels, ii.392.
Camel, its dislike to crossing water, i. 181.
Camellia, bud-variations in, i. 377;
recognition of varieties of, ii.251;
variety in, hardiness of, ii.308.
Cameron, D., on the cultivation of Alpine plants, ii.163.
Cameronn, Baron, value of English blood in race-horses, ii.11.
Campanula medium, ii.200.
Canary-bird, i. 295;
conditions of inheritance in, ii.22;
hybrids of, ii.45;
period of perfect plumage in, ii.77;
diminished fertility of, ii.161;
standard of perfection in, ii.195;
analogous variation in, ii.349.
Cancer, heredity of, ii.7,8,79.
Canineteeth, development of the, in mares, ii.318.
Canis alopex, i. 29.
Canis antarcticus, i. 20.
Canis argentatus, ii.151.
Canis aureus, i. 29.
Canis cancrivorus, domesticated and crossed in Guiana, i. 23.
Canis cinereo-variegatus, i. 29.
Canis fulvus, i. 29.
Canis Ingæ, the naked Peruvian dog, i. 23.
Canis latrans, resemblance of, to the Hare Indian dog, i. 22;
one of the original stocks, i. 26.
Canis lupaster, i. 25.
Canis lupus, var.occidentalis, resemblance of, to North American dogs, i. 21;
crossed with dogs, i. 22;
one of the original stocks, i. 26.
Canis mesomelas, i. 25, 29.
Canis primævus, tamed by Mr. Hodgson, i. 26.
Canis sabbar, i. 25.
Canis simensis, possible original of greyhounds, i. 33.
Canis thaleb, i. 29.
Canis variegatus, i. 29.
CanterburyBell, doubled by selection, ii.200.
Capeof Good Hope, different kinds of cattle at the, i. 88;
no useful plants derived from the, i. 310.
Capercailzie, breeding in captivity, ii.156.
Capra ægagrusandC. Falconeri, probable parents of domestic goat, i. 101.
Capsicum, i. 371.
Cardan, on a variety of the walnut, i. 356;
on grafted walnuts, ii.259-260.
Cardoon, ii.34.
Carex rigida, local sterility of the, ii.170.
Carlier, early selection of sheep, ii.204.
Carlisle, Sir A., inheritance of peculiarities, ii.6,8;
of polydactylism, ii.13.
"Carme" pigeon, i. 156.
Carnation, bud-variation in, i. 381;
variability of, i. 370;
striped, produced by crossing red and white, i. 393;
effect of conditions of life on the, ii.273.
Carnivora, general fertility of, in captivity, ii.150.
CarolineArchipelago, cats of, i. 47.
Carp, ii.236.
Carpels, variation of, in cultivated cucurbitaceæ, i. 359.
Carpenter, W. B., regeneration of bone, ii.294;
production of double monsters, ii.340;
number of eggs in anAscaris, ii.379.
Carpinus betulus, i. 362.
Carpophaga littoralisandluctuosa, i. 182.
Carrierpigeon, i. 139-142;
English, i. 139-141;
figured, i. 140;
skull figured, i. 163;
history of the, i. 211;
Persian, i. 141;
Bussorah,ibid.;
Bagadotten, skull figured, i. 163;
lower jaw figured, i. 165.
Carrière, cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326;
intermediate form between the almond and the peach, i. 338;
glands of peach-leaves, i. 343;
bud-variation in the vine, i. 375;
grafts ofAria vestitaupon thorns, i. 387;
variability of hybrids ofErythrina, ii.265.
Carrot, wild, effects of cultivation on the, i. 326;
reversion in the, ii.31;
run wild, ii.33;
increased fertility of cultivated, ii.113;
experiments on the, ii.277;
acclimatisation of the, in India, ii.311.
Carthamus, abortion of the pappus in, ii.316.
Cartier, cultivation of native plants in Canada, i. 312.
Caryophyllaceæ, frequency of contabescence in the, ii.165.
Caspary, bud-variation in the moss-rose, i. 380;
on the ovules and pollen ofCytisus, i. 388-389;
crossing ofCytisus purpureusandC. laburnum, i. 389;
trifacial orange, i. 391;
differently-coloured flowers in the wildViola lutea,i. 408;
sterility of the horse-radish, ii.170.
Castelnau, on Brazilian cattle, i. 88.
Castration, assumption of female characters caused by, ii.51-52.
Casuarius bennettii, ii.156.
Cat, domestic, i. 43-48;
early domestication and probable origin of the, i. 43-44;
intercrossing of with wild species, i. 44-45;
variations of, i. 45-48;
feral, i. 47, ii.33;
anomalous, i. 48;
polydactylism in, ii.14;
black, indications of stripes in young, ii.55;
tortoiseshell, ii.73;
effects of crossing in, ii.86;
fertility of, ii.111;
difficulty of selection in, ii.234,236;
length of intestines in, ii.302;
white with blue eyes, deafness of, ii.329;
with tufted ears, ii.350.
Cataract, hereditary, ii.9,79.
Caterpillars, effect of changed food on, ii.280.
Catlin, G., colour of feral horses in North America, i. 61.
Cattle, European, their probable origin from three original species, i. 79-82;
humped, or Zebus, i. 79-80;
intercrossing of, i. 83, 91-93;
wild, of Chillingham, Hamilton, Chartley, Burton Constable, and Gisburne, i. 84, ii.119;
colour of feral, i. 84-85, ii.102;
British breeds of, i. 86-87;
South African breeds of, i. 88;
South American breeds of, i. 89, ii.205;
Niata, i. 89-91, ii.205,208,332;
effects of food and climate on, i. 91-92;
effects of selection on, i. 92-93;
Dutch-buttocked, ii.8;
hornless, production of horns in, ii.29-30,39;
reversion in, when crossed, ii.41;
wildness of hybrid, ii.45;
short-horned, prepotency of, ii.65;
wild, influence of crossing and segregation on, ii.86;
crosses of, ii.96,104,118;
of Falkland islands, ii.102;
mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii.110;
effects of interbreeding on, ii.117-119;
effects of careful selection on, ii.194,199;
naked, of Columbia, ii.205;
crossed with wild banteng in Java, ii.206;
with reversed hair in Banda Oriental, ii.205;
selection of trifling characters in, ii.209;
fashion in, ii.210;
similarity of best races of, ii.241;
unconscious selection in, ii.214;
effects of natural selection on anomalous breeds of, ii.226-227;
light-coloured, attacked by flies, ii.229,336;
Jersey, rapid improvement of, ii.234;
effects of disuse of parts in, ii.299;
rudimentary horns in, ii.315;
supposed influence of humidity on the hair of, ii.326;
white spots of, liable to disease, ii.337;
supposed analogous variation in, ii.349;
displacement of long-horned by short-horned, ii.426.
Cauliflower, i. 323;
free-seeding of, in India, ii.310;
rudimentary flowers in, ii.316.
Cavalierpigeon, ii.97.
Cavia aperea, ii.152.
Cay(Cebus azaræ), sterility of, in confinement, ii.153.
Cebus azaræ, ii.153.
Cecidomyia, larval development of, ii.283,360,367;
andMisocampus, i. 5.
Cedarsof Lebanon and Atlas, i. 364.
Celery, turnip-rooted, i. 336;
run wild, ii.33.
Cell-theory, ii.370.
Celosia cristata, i. 365.
Celsus, on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318, ii.203.
Celts, early cultivation of the cabbage by the, i. 324;
selection of cattle and horses by the, ii.202-203.
Cenchrus, seeds of a, used as food, i. 309.
Centaurea cyanus, bud-variation in, i. 379.
Cephalopoda, spermatophores of, ii.383.
Cerasus padus, yellow-fruited, ii.19.
Cercoleptes, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.
Cercopithecus, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii.153.
Cereals, i. 312-313;
of the Neolithic period in Switzerland, i. 317;
adaptation of, to soils, ii.305.
Cereus, ii.38.
Cereus speciosissimusandphyllanthus, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392.
Cervus canadensis, ii.158.
Cervus dama, ii.120.
Cetacea, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii.328.
Ceylon, cats of, i. 46;
pigeon-fancying in, i. 206.
Chamærops humilis, crossed with date palm, i. 399.
Chamisso, on seeding bread-fruit, ii.168.
Channelislands, breeds of cattle in, i. 80.
Chapman, Professor, peach-trees producing nectarines, i. 341.
Chapuis, F., sexual peculiarities in pigeons, i. 162, ii.74;
effect produced by first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405;
sterility of the union of some pigeons, ii.162.
Characters, fixity of, ii.239;
latent, ii.51-56,399-400;
continued divergence of, ii.241;
antagonistic, ii.401.
Chardin, abundance of pigeons in Persia, i. 205.
Charlemagne, orders as to the selection of stallions, ii.203.
Chartley, wild cattle of, i. 84.
Chaté, reversion of the upper seeds in the pods of stocks, ii.347-348.
Chatin, onRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.
Chaundy, Mr., crossed varieties of cabbage, ii.130.
Cheetah, general sterility of, in captivity, ii.151.
Cheiranthus cheiri, i. 382.
Cherries, i. 347-348;
bud-variation in, i. 375;
white Tartarian, ii.230;
variety of, with curled petals, ii.232;
period of vegetation of, changed by forcing, ii.311.
Chevreul, on crossing fruit-trees, ii.129.
Chickens, differences in characters of, i. 249-250;
white, liable to gapes, ii.228,336.
Chigoe, ii.275.
Chile, sheep of, i. 95.
Chillinghamcattle, identical withBos primigenius, i. 81;
characters of, i. 83-84.
Chiloe, half-castes of, ii.46.
China, cats of, with drooping ears, i. 47;
horses of, i. 53;
striped ponies of, i. 59;
asses of, i. 62;
notice of rabbits in, by Confucius, i. 103;
breeds of pigeons reared in, i. 206;
breeds of fowls of, in fifteenth century, i. 232, 247;
goose of, i. 237.
Chinchilla, fertility of, in captivity, ii.152.
Chinese, selection practised by the, ii.204-205;
preference of the, for hornless rams, ii.209;
recognition of the value of native breeds by the, ii.313.
Chinese, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108.
"Chivos," a breed of cattle in Paraguay, i. 89.
Choux-raves, i. 323.
Christ, H., on the plants of the Swiss Lake-dwellings, i. 309, 318;
intermediate forms betweenPinus sylvestrisandmontana, i. 363.
Chrysanthemum, i. 379.
Chrysotis festiva, ii.280.
Cineraria, effects of selection on the, ii.200.
Circassia, horses of, ii.102.
Circumcision, ii.23.
Cirripedes, metagenesis in, ii.366.
Cistus, intercrossing and hybrids of, i. 336, 389, ii.140.
Cistus tricuspis, bud-variation in, i. 377.
Citrons, i. 334-335.
"Citrus aurantium fructu variabili," i. 336.
Citrus decumana, i. 335.
Citrus lemonum, i. 336.
Citrus medica, i. 335-336.
Cleftpalate, inheritance of, ii.24.
Clemente, on wild vines in Spain, i. 332.
Clermont-Tonnerre, on the St. Valery apple, i. 401.
Clapham, A., bud-variation in the hawthorn, i. 377.
"Claquant," i. 138.
"Claquers" (pigeons), i. 156.
Clark, G., on the wild dogs of Juan de Nova, i. 27;
on striped Burmese and Javanese ponies, i. 59;
breeds of goats imported into the Mauritius, i. 101;
variations in the mammæ of goats, i. 102;
bilobed scrotum of Muscat goat,ibid.
Clark, H. J., on fission and gemmation, ii.359.
Clarke, R. T., intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352.
Clarke, T., hybridisation of stocks, i. 399, ii.93.
Clarkson, Mr., prize-cultivation of the gooseberry, i. 355.
Classification, explained by the theory of natural selection, i. 11.
Climate, effect of, upon breeds of dogs, i. 37;
on horses, i. 52, 53;
on cattle, i. 91, 92;
on the fleece of sheep, i. 98, 99;
on seeds of wheat, i. 316;
on cultivated cabbages, i. 325;
adaptation of maize to, i. 322.
Climateand pasture, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96-97.
Climateand soil, effects of, upon strawberries, i. 353.
Cline, Mr., on the skull in horned and hornless rams, ii.333.
Clos, on sterility inRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.
Clotzsch, hybrids of various trees, ii.130.
Clover, pelorism in, ii.340.
Coate, Mr., on interbreeding pigs, ii.122.
Coccusof apple trees, ii.231.
Cochinfowls, i. 227, 250, 252, 260-261;
occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261;
section of skull of, figured, i. 263;
cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267.
Cochineal, persistence of, ii.236;
preference of, for a particular cactus, ii.275.
Cochlearia armoracia, ii.170.
Cock, game, natural selection in, ii.225;
spur of, grafted on the comb, ii.296;
spur of, inserted into the eye of an ox, ii.369;
effect of castration upon the, ii.51-52.
Cock's-comb, varieties of the, i. 365.
Cocoons, of silkworms, variations in, i. 302-303.
Codfish, bulldog, i. 89;
number of eggs in the, ii.379.
Cœlogenys paca, ii.152.
Colin, prepotency of the ass over the horse, ii.67-68;
on cross-breeding, ii.97;
on change of diet, ii.304.
Collinson, Peter, peach-tree producing a nectarine, i. 340.
Coloration, in pigeons, an evidence of unity of descent, i. 195-197.
Colour, correlation of, in dogs, i. 28-29;
persistence of, in horses, i. 50;
inheritance and diversity of, in horses, i. 55;
variations of, in the ass, i. 62-63;
of wild or feral cattle, i. 85;
transmission of, in rabbits, i. 107;
peculiarities of, in Himalayan rabbits, i. 111;
influence of, ii.227-230;
correlation of, in head and limbs, ii.324;
correlated with constitutional peculiarities, ii.335-338.
Colourand odour, correlation of, ii.325.
Colour-blindness, hereditary, ii.9;
more common in men than in women, ii.72-73;
associated with inability to distinguish musical sounds, ii.328.
Colours, sometimes not blended by crossing, ii.92.
Columba affinis, Blyth, a variety ofC. livia, i. 183.
Columba amaliæ, Brehm, a variety ofC. livia, i. 183.
Columba guinea, i. 182.
Columba gymnocyclus, Gray, a form ofC. livia, i. 184.
Columba gymnophthalmos, hybrids of, withC. œnas, i. 193;
withC. maculosa, i. 194.
Columba intermedia, Strickland, a variety ofC. livia, i. 184.
Columba leucocephala, ii.155.
Columba leuconota, i. 182, 195.
Columba littoralis, i. 182.
Columba livia, ii.29,40;
the parent of domestic breeds of pigeons, i. 183;
measurements of, i. 134;
figured, i. 135;
skull figured, i. 163;
lower jaw figured, i. 164, 168;
scapula figured, i. 167.
Columba luctuosa, i. 182.
Columba migratoriaandleucocephala, diminished fertility of, in captivity, ii.155.
Columba œnas, i. 183;
crossed with common pigeon andC. gymnophthalmos, i. 193.
Columba palumbus, i. 193, ii.350.
Columba rupestris, i. 182, 184, 195.
Columba Schimperi, i. 184.
Columba torquatrix, ii.350.
Columba turricola, i. 184.
Columbia, cattle of, i. 88.
Columbine, double, i. 365, ii.330.
Columbus, on West Indian dogs, i. 23.
Columella, on Italian shepherd's dogs, i. 23;
on domestic fowls, i. 231, 247, ii.202,429;
on the keeping of ducks, i. 277;
on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318;
on the benefits of change of soil to plants, ii.146;
on the value of native breeds, ii.313.
Colza, i. 325.
Comb, in fowls, variations of, i. 253-254;
sometimes rudimentary, ii.315.
Compensation, law of, i. 274.
Compensationof growth, ii.342-344.
Complexion, connexion of, with constitution, ii.335.
Compositæ, double flowers of, i. 365, ii.167,316.
Conception, earlier in Alderney and Zetland cows than in other breeds, i. 87.
Conditionsof life, changed, effect of, ii.418-419;
on horses, i. 52;
upon variation in pigeons, i. 212-213;
upon wheat, i. 315-316;
upon trees, i. 361;
in producing bud-variation, i. 408;
advantages of, ii.145-148,176-177;
sterility caused by, ii.148-165;
conducive to variability, ii.255-261,394;
accumulative action of, ii.261-263;
direct action of, ii.271-292.
Condor, breeding in captivity, ii.154.
Confinement, effect of, upon the cock, ii.52.
Confucius, on the breeding of rabbits in China, i. 103.
Conolly, Mr., on Angora goats, ii.326.
Constitutionaldifferences in sheep, i. 96-97;
in varieties of apples, i. 349-350;
in pelargoniums, i. 364;
in dahlias, i. 370.
Constitutionalpeculiarities in strawberries, i. 353;
in roses, i. 367.
Consumption, hereditary, ii.8;
period of appearance of, ii.77;
correlated with complexion, ii.335.
Contabescence, ii.165-166.
Convolvulus batatas, ii.169,309.
Convolvulus tricolor, bud-variation in, i. 408.
Cooper, Mr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii.204.
Cooper, White, hereditary peculiarities of vision, ii.9;
association of affections of the eyes with those of other systems, ii.328.
Corals, bud-variation in, i. 374;
non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii.379.
Corbié.SeeBoitard.
Cornea, opacity of, inherited, ii.9.
Cornus mascula, yellow-fruited, ii.19.
Correlation, ii.319;
of neighbouring parts, ii.320;
of change in the whole body and in some of its parts, ii.321;
of homologous parts, ii.322-331;
inexplicable, ii.331-333;
commingling of, with the effects of other agencies, ii.333-335.
Correlationof skull and limbs in swine, i. 73;
of tusks and bristles in swine, i. 76;
of multiplicity of horns and coarseness of wool in sheep, i. 95;
of beak and feet in pigeons, i. 172-173;
between nestling down and colour of plumage in pigeons, i. 194;
of changes in silkworms, i. 304;
in plants, ii.219;
in maize, i. 323;
in pigeons, i. 167-171, 218;
in fowls, i. 274-275.
Correspondingperiods, inheritance at, ii.75-80.
Corrientes, dwarf cattle of, i. 89.
Corringham, Mr., influence of selection on pigs, ii.198.
Corsica, ponies of, i. 52.
"Cortbeck" (pigeon) of Aldrovandi, i. 209.
Corvus coroneandC. cornix, hybrids of, ii.94.
Corydalis, flower of, ii.304.
Corydalis cava, ii.132-133.
Corydalis solida, sterile when peloric, ii.167.
Corydalis tuberosa, peloric by reversion, ii.58-59.
Corylus avellana, i. 357.
Costa, A., on shells transferred from England to the Mediterranean, ii.280.
"Couve Tronchuda," i. 323.
Cow, inheritance of loss of one horn in the, ii.12,23;
amount of milk furnished by the, ii.300;
development of six mammæ in, ii.317.
Cowslip, ii.21,182.
Cracidæ, sterility of the, in captivity, ii.156.
Cranes, fertility of, in captivity, ii.156.
Cratægus oxyacantha, i. 363, ii.18,232,258,377.
Cratægus monogyna, i. 364.
Cratægus sibirica, i. 364.
Crawfurd, J., Malasian cats, i. 47;
horses of the Malay Archipelago, i. 49;
horses of Japan, i. 53;
occurrence of stripes in young wild pigs of Malacca, i. 76;
on a Burmese hairy family with deficient teeth, ii.77,327;
Japanese origin of the bantam, i. 230;
game fowls of the Philippine islands, i. 232;
hybrids ofGallus variusand domestic fowl, i. 234;
domestication ofGallus bankiva, i. 236;
feral fowls in the Pellew islands, i. 238;
history of the fowl, i. 246;
history of the domestic duck, i. 277;
domestication of the goose, i. 287;
cultivated plants of New Zealand, i. 312;
breeding of tame elephants in Ava, ii.150;
sterility ofGoura coronatain confinement, ii.155;
geese of the Philippine islands, ii.162.
Creepers, a breed of fowls, i. 230.
Crestedfowl, i. 227;
figured, i. 229.
"Crève-cœur," a French sub-breed of fowls, i. 229.
Crisp, Dr., on the brains of the hare and rabbit, i. 126.
Crocker, C. W., singular form ofBegonia frigida, i. 365-366, ii.166;
sterility inRanunculus ficaria, ii.170.
Crocus, ii.165.
Cross-breeding, permanent effect of, on the female, i. 404.
Crossing, ii.85-144,173-192;
a cause of uniformity, ii.85-90,173;
occurs in all organised beings, ii.90-92;
some characters not blended by, ii.92-95,173;
modifications and new races produced by, ii.95-99;
causes which check, ii.100-109;
domestication and cultivation favourable to, ii.109-113,189;
beneficial effects of, ii.114-131,174-176;
necessary in some plants, ii.131-140,175-176,423;
summary of subject of, ii.140-144;
of dogs with wolves in North America, i. 21-22;
withCanis cancrivorusin Guiana, i. 23;
of dog with wolf, described by Pliny and others, i. 24;
characters furnished by, brought out by reversion in the progeny, ii.34-36;
a direct cause of reversion, ii.39-47,48;
a cause of variability, ii.264-267.
Crustacea, macrourous, differences in the development of the, ii.368.
Crustaceanwith an antenna-like development of the eye-peduncle, ii.391.
Cryptogamicplants, bud-variation in, i. 383.
Cuba, wild dogs of, i. 27.
"Cuckoo," sub-breeds of fowls, i. 244.
Cucumber, variation in number of carpels of, i. 359;
supposed crossing of varieties of the, i. 400.
Cucumis momordica, i. 360.
Cucumis sativa, i. 359.
Cucurbita, dwarf, correlation of leaves in, ii.330.
Cucurbita maxima, i. 357, 359.
Cucurbita moschata, i. 357, 359.
Cucurbita pepo, i. 357, ii.108;
varieties of, i. 358;
relation in size and number of fruit of, ii.343.
Cucurbitaceæ, i. 357-360;
supposed crossing of, i. 399;
Naudin's observations on hybrids of, ii.172;
acclimatisation of, ii.313.
"Culbutants" (pigeons), i. 150.
Cultivationof plants, origin of, among savages, i. 309-310;
fertility increased by, ii.111-113.
Cunier, on hereditary night-blindness, ii.9.
Currants, of Tierra del Fuego, i. 309;
bud-variation in, i. 376.
Curtis, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, i. 381.
Cuvier, on the gestation of the wolf, i. 29;
the odour of the jackal, an obstacle to domestication, i. 30;
differences of the skull in dogs, i. 34;
external characters of dogs, i. 35;
elongation of the intestines in domestic pigs, i. 73, ii.303;
fertility of the hook-billed duck, i. 277;
number of digits, ii.13;
hybrid of ass and zebra, ii.42;
breeding of animals in the Jardin des Plantes, ii.149;
sterility of predaceous birds in captivity, ii.154;
facility of hybridisation in confinement, ii.160.
Cyanosis, affection of fingers in, ii.332.
Cyclamen, bud-variation in, i. 382.
Cynara cardunculus, ii.34.
Cynips fecundatrix, ii.283.
Cynocephalus hamadryas, ii.153.
Cyprinus auratus, i. 296-297.
Cyrtanthus, ii.139.
Cyrtopodium, ii.134.
Cytisus Adami, ii.364;
its bud-variation, i. 387-389, 406, ii.37;
seedlings from, i. 388;
different views of its origin, i. 389-390;
experiments in crossingC. purpureusandlaburnumto produce, i. 389;
its production by M. Adam, i. 390;
discussion of origin of, i. 396.
Cytisus alpino-laburnum, ovules and pollen of, i. 389;
origin of, i. 390.
Cytisus alpinus, i. 388.
Cytisus laburnum, i. 387, 389, 390, 396.
Cytisus purpureo-elongatus, ovules and pollen of, i. 389;
production of, i. 390.
Cytisus purpureus, i. 387, 388, 389, 390, 396.