Nails, growing on stumps of fingers, ii.394.Nais, scission of, ii.358.Namaquas, cattle of the, i. 88, ii.207.Narcissus, double, becoming single in poor soil, ii.167.Narvaez, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312.Nasua, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152."Natas," or Niatas, a South American breed of cattle, i. 89-91.Nathusius, H. von, on the pigs of the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 68;on the races of pigs, i. 65-68;convergence of character in highly-bred pigs, i. 73, ii.241;causes of changes in the form of the pig's skull, i. 72-73;changes in breeds of pigs by crossing, i. 78;change of form in the pig, ii.279;effects of disuse of parts in the pig, ii.299;period of gestation in the pig, i. 74;appendages to the jaw in pigs, i. 76;onSus pliciceps, i. 70;period of gestation in sheep, i. 97;on Niata cattle, i. 89;on short-horn cattle, ii.118;on interbreeding, ii.116;in the sheep, ii.120;in pigs, ii.122;unconscious selection in cattle and pigs, ii.214;variability of highly selected races, ii.238.Nato, P., on the Bizzaria orange, i. 391.Naturalselection, its general principles, i. 2-14.Nature, sense in which the term is employed, i. 6.Naudin, supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, ii.68;on the nature of hybrids, ii.48-49;essences of the species in hybrids, ii.386,401;reversion of hybrids, ii.36,49-50;reversion in flowers by stripes and blotches, ii.37;hybrids ofLinaria vulgarisandpurpurea, ii.94;pelorism inLinaria, ii.58,346;crossing of peloricLinariawith the normal form, ii.70;variability inDatura, ii.266;hybrids ofDatura lævisandstramonium, i. 392;prepotency of transmission ofDatura stramoniumwhen crossed, ii.67;on the pollen ofMirabilisand of hybrids, i. 389;fertilisation ofMirabilis, ii.363;crossing ofChamærops humilisand the date palm, i. 399;cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 357-360, ii.108;rudimentary tendrils in gourds, ii.316;dwarfCucurbitæ, ii.330;relation between the size and number of the fruit inCucurbita pepo, ii.343;analogous variation inCucurbitæ, ii.349;acclimatisation of Cucurbitaceæ, ii.313;production of fruit by sterile hybrid Cucurbitaceæ, ii.172;on the melon, i. 360, ii.108,275;incapacity of the cucumber to cross with other species, i. 359.Nectarine, i. 336-344;derived from the peach, i. 337, 339-342;hybrids of, i. 339;persistency of characters in seedling, i. 340;origin of,ibid.;produced on peach trees, i. 340-341;producing peaches, i. 341;variation in, i. 342-343;bud-variation in, i. 374;glands in the leaves of the, ii.231;analogous variation in, ii.348.Nectary, variations of, in pansies, i. 369.Nees, on changes in the odour of plants, ii.274."Negro" cat, i. 46.Negroes, polydactylism in, ii.14;selection of cattle practised by, ii.207.Neolithicperiod, domestication ofBos longifronsandprimigeniusin the, i. 81;cattle of the, distinct from the original species, i. 87;domestic goat in the, i. 101;cereals of the, i. 317.Nerve, optic, atrophy of the, ii.297.Neumeister, on the Dutch and German pouter pigeons, i. 138;on the Jacobin pigeon, i. 154;duplication of the middle flight feather in pigeons, i. 159;on a peculiarly coloured breed of pigeons, "Staarhalsige Taube," i. 161;fertility of hybrid pigeons, i. 192;mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, ii.66;period of perfect plumage in pigeons, ii.77;advantage of crossing pigeons, ii.126.Neuralgia, hereditary, ii.79.New Zealand, feral cats of, i. 47;cultivated plants of, i. 311.Newfoundlanddog, modification of, in England, i. 42.Newman, E., sterility of Sphingidæ under certain conditions, ii.158.Newport, G., non-copulation ofVanessæin confinement, ii.157;regeneration of limbs in myriapoda, ii.294;fertilisation of the ovule in batrachia, ii.363.Newt, polydactylism in the, ii.14.Newton, A., absence of sexual distinctions in the Columbidæ, i. 162;production of a "black-shouldered" pea-hen among the ordinary kind, i. 291;on hybrid ducks, ii.157.Ngami, Lake, cattle of, i. 88."Niata" cattle, i. 89-91;resemblance of toSivatherium, i. 89;prepotency of transmission of character by, ii.66."Nicard" rabbit, i. 107.Nicholson, Dr., on the cats of Antigua, i. 46;on the sheep of Antigua, i. 98.Nicotiana, crossing of varieties and species of, ii.108;prepotency of transmission of characters in species of, ii.67;contabescence of female organs in, ii.166.Nicotiana glutinosa, ii.108.Niebuhr, on the heredity of mental characteristics in some Roman families, ii.65.Night-blindness, non-reversion to, ii.36.Nilsson, Prof., on the barking of a young wolf, i. 27;parentage of European breeds of cattle, i. 80, 81;onBos frontosusin Scania, i. 81.Nind, Mr., on the dingo, i. 39."Nisusformativus," i. 293, 294, 355.Nitzsch, on the absence of the oil-gland in certain Columbæ, i. 147.Non-inheritance, causes of, ii.24-26."Nonnain" pigeon, i. 154.Nordmann, dogs of Awhasie, i. 25.Normandy, pigs of, with appendages under the jaw, i. 75.Norway, striped ponies of, i. 58.Nottand Gliddon, on the origin of the dog, i. 16;mastiff represented on an Assyrian tomb, i. 17;on Egyptian dogs, i. 18;on the Hare-Indian dog, i. 22.Notylia, ii.135.Nourishment, excess of, a cause of variability, ii.257.Number, importance of, in selection, ii.235.Numida ptilorhyncha, the original of the Guinea-fowl, i. 294.Nunpigeon, i. 155;known to Aldrovandi, i. 207.Nutmegtree, ii.237.Oak, weeping, i. 361, ii.18,241;pyramidal, i. 361;Hessian, i. 361;late-leaved, i. 363;variation in persistency of leaves of, i. 363;valueless as timber at the Cape of Good Hope, ii.274;changes in, dependent on age, i. 387;galls of the, ii.282.Oats, wild, i. 313;in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 319.Oberlin, change of soil beneficial to the potato, ii.146.Odart, Count, varieties of the vine, i. 333, ii.278;bud-variation in the vine, i. 375.Odourand colour, correlation of, ii.325.Œcidium, ii.284.Œnothera biennis, bud-variation in, i. 382.Ogle, W., resemblance of twins, ii.252.Oil-gland, absence of, in fantail pigeons, i. 147, 160.Oldfield, Mr., estimation of European dogs among the natives of Australia, ii.215.Oleander, stock affected by grafting in the, i. 394.Ollier, Dr., insertion of the periosteum of a dog beneath the skin of a rabbit, ii.369.Oncidium, reproduction of, ii.133-135,164.Onions, crossing of, ii.90;white, liable to the attacks of fungi and disease, ii.228,336.Ophrys apifera, self-fertilisation of, ii.91;formation of pollen by a petal in, ii.392.Opuntia leucotricha, ii.277.Orange, i. 334-336;crossing of, ii.91;with the lemon, i. 399, ii.365;naturalisation of, in Italy, ii.308;variation of, in North Italy, ii.256;peculiar variety of, ii.331;Bizzaria, i. 391;trifacial,ibid.Orchids, reproduction of, i. 402, 403; ii.133-135.Orford, Lord, crossing greyhounds with the bulldog, i. 41.Organisms, origin of, i. 13.Organisation, advancement in, i. 8.Organs, rudimentary and aborted, ii.315-318;multiplication of abnormal, ii.391.Oriole, assumption of hen-plumage by a male in confinement, ii.158.Orkneyislands, pigs of, i. 70;pigeons of, i. 184.Orthoptera, regeneration of hind legs in the, ii.294.Orthosia munda, ii.157.Orton, R., on the effects of cross-breeding on the female, i. 404;on the Manx cat, ii.66;on mongrels from the silk-fowl, ii.67.Osborne, Dr., inherited mottling of the iris, ii.10.Osprey, preying on Black-fowls, ii.230.Osten-Sacken, Baron, on American oak galls, ii.282.Osteologicalcharacters of pigs, i. 66, 67, 71-74;of rabbits, i. 115-130;of pigeons, i. 162-167;of ducks, i. 282-284.Ostrich, diminished fertility of the, in captivity, ii.156.Ostyaks, selection of dogs by the, ii.206.Otter, ii.151."Otter" sheep of Massachusetts, i. 100.Oude, feral humped cattle in, i. 79.Ouistiti, breed in Europe, ii.153.Ovary, variation of, inCucurbita moschata, i. 359;development of, independently of pollen, i. 403.Ovis montana, i. 99.Ovulesand buds, identity of nature of, ii.360.Owen, Capt., on stiff-haired cats at Mombas, i. 46.Owen, Prof. R., palæontological evidence as to the origin of dogs, i. 15;onBos longifrons, i. 81;on the skull of the "Niata" cattle, i. 89, 90;on fossil remains of rabbits, i. 104;on the significance of the brain, i. 124;on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia, ii.16;on metagenesis, ii.366;theory of reproduction and parthenogenesis, ii.375.Owl, eagle, breeding in captivity, ii.154.Owlpigeon, i. 148;African, figured, i. 149;known in 1735, i. 209.Oxalis, trimorphic species of, ii.400.Oxalis rosea, ii.132.Oxley, Mr., on the nutmeg tree, ii.237.Oysters, differences in the shells of, ii.280.Paca, sterility of the, in confinement, ii.152.Pacificislands, pigs of the, i. 70.Padua, earliest known flower garden at, ii.217.Paduanfowl of Aldrovandi, i. 247.Pæonia moutan, ii.205.Pæony, tree, ancient cultivation of, in China, ii.205.Pampas, feral cattle on the, i. 85.Pandanus, ii.256.Pangenesis, hypothesis of, ii.357-404.Panicum, seeds of, used as food, i. 309;found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317.Pansy, i. 368-370.Pappus, abortion of the, inCarthamus, ii.316.Paget, on the Hungarian sheep dog, i. 24.Paget, inheritance of cancer, ii.7;hereditary elongation of hairs in the eyebrow, ii.8;period of inheritance of cancer, ii.79-80;onHydra, ii.293;on the healing of wounds, ii.294;on the reparation of bones,ibid.;growth of hair near inflamed surfaces or fractures, ii.295;on false membranes,ibid.;compensatory development of the kidney, ii.300;bronzed skin in disease of supra-renal capsules, ii.331;unity of growth and gemmation, ii.359;independence of the elements of the body, ii.369;affinity of the tissues for special organic substances, ii.380.Pallas, on the influence of domestication upon the sterility of intercrossed species, i. 31, 83, 193, ii.109;hypothesis that variability is wholly due to crossing, i. 188, 374, ii.250,264;on the origin of the dog, i. 16;variation in dogs, i. 33;crossing of dog and jackal, i. 25;origin of domestic cats, i. 43;origin of Angora cat, i. 45;on wild horses, i. 52, 60;on Persian sheep, i. 94;on Siberian fat-tailed sheep, ii.279;on Chinese sheep, ii.315;on Crimean varieties of the vine, i. 333;on a grape with rudimentary seeds, ii.316;on feral musk-ducks, ii.46;sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, ii.163;selection of white-tailed yaks, ii.206.Paradoxurus, sterility of species of, in captivity, ii.151.Paraguay, cats of, i. 46;cattle of, i. 89;horses of, ii.102;dogs of, ii.102;black-skinned domestic fowl of, i. 232.Parallelvariation, ii.348-352.Paramos, woolly pigs of, i. 78.Parasites, liability to attacks of, dependent on colour, ii.228.Pariahdog, with crooked legs, i. 17;resembling the Indian wolf, i. 24.Pariset, inheritance of handwriting, ii.6.Parker, W. K., number of vertebræ in fowls, i. 266.Parkinson, Mr., varieties of the hyacinth, i. 370.Parkyns, Mansfield, onColumba guinea, i. 183.Parmentier, differences in the nidification of pigeons, i. 178;on white pigeons, ii.230.Parrots, general sterility of, in confinement, ii.155;alteration of plumage of, ii.280.Parsnip, reversion in, ii.31;influence of selection on, ii.201;experiments on, ii.277;wild, enlargement of roots of, by cultivation, i. 326.Parthenogenesis, ii.359,364.Partridge, sterility of, in captivity, ii.156.Parturition, difficult, hereditary, ii.8.Parus major, ii.231.Passiflora, self-impotence in species of, ii.137-138;contabescence of female organs in, ii.166.Passiflora alata, fertility of, when grafted, ii.188.Pastureand climate, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96, 97.Pastrana, Julia, peculiarities in the hair and teeth of, ii.328.Patagonia, crania of pigs from, i. 77.Patagonianrabbit, i. 105.Paterson, R., on the Arrindy silk moth, ii.306.Paul, W., on the hyacinth, i. 370;varieties of pelargoniums, i. 378;improvement of pelargoniums, ii.216.Pavo cristatusandmuticus, hybrids of, i. 290.Pavo nigripennis, i. 290-291."Pavodotten-Taube," i. 141.Peach, i. 336-344;derived from the almond, i. 337;stones of, figured,ibid.;contrasted with almonds, i. 338;double-flowering, i. 338-339, 343;hybrids of, i. 339;persistency of races of,ibid.;trees producing nectarines, i. 340-341;variation in, i. 342-343, ii.256;bud-variation in, i. 374;pendulous, ii.18;variation by selection in, ii.218;peculiar disease of the, ii.228;glands on the leaves of the, ii.231;antiquity of the, ii.308;increased hardiness of the,ibid.;varieties of, adapted for forcing, ii.310;yellow-fleshed, liable to certain diseases, ii.336.Peach-almond, i. 338.Peafowl, origin of, i. 290;japanned or black-shouldered, i. 290-291;feral, in Jamaica, i. 190;comparative fertility of, in wild and tame states, ii.112,268;white, ii.332.Pears, i. 350;bud-variation in, i. 376;reversion in seedling, ii.31;inferiority of, in Pliny's time, ii.215;winter nelis, attacked by aphides, ii.231;soft-barked varieties of, attacked by wood-boring beetles, ii.231;origination of good varieties of, in woods, ii.260;Forelle, resistance of, to frost, ii.306.Peas, i. 326-330;origin of, 326;varieties of, 326-329;found in Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317, 319, 326-329;fruit and seeds figured, i. 328;persistency of varieties, i. 329;intercrossing of varieties, i. 330, 397, ii.129;effect of crossing on the female organs in, i. 398;double-flowered, ii.168;maturity of, accelerated by selection, ii.201;varieties of, produced by selection, ii.218;thin-shelled, liable to the attacks of birds, ii.231;reversion of, by the terminal seed in the pod, ii.347.Peccary, breeding of the, in captivity, ii.150.Pedigreesof horses, cattle, greyhounds, game-cocks, and pigs, ii.3.Pegu, cats of, i. 47;horses of, i. 53.Pelargoniums, multiple origin of, i. 364;zones of, i. 366;bud-variation in, i. 378;variegation in, accompanied by dwarfing, i. 384;pelorism in, ii.167,345;by reversion, ii.59;advantage of change of soil to, ii.147;improvement of, by selection, ii.216;scorching of, ii.229;numbers of, raised from seed, ii.235;effects of conditions of life on, ii.274;stove-variety of, ii.311;correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in, ii.330-331.Pelargonium fulgidum, conditions of fertility in, ii.164."Pelones," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88.Peloricflowers, tendency of, to acquire the normal form, ii.70;fertility or sterility of, ii.166-167.Peloricraces ofGloxinia speciosaandAntirrhinum majus, i. 365.Pelorism, ii.58-60,345-346.Pelvis, characters of, in rabbits, i. 122-123;in pigeons, i. 166;in fowls, i. 268;in ducks, i. 284.Pembrokecattle, i. 81.Penduloustrees, i. 361, ii.348;uncertainty of transmission of, ii.18-19.Penguinducks, i. 280, 282;hybrid of the, with the Egyptian goose, i. 282.Pennant, production of wolf-like curs at Fochabers, i. 37;on the Duke of Queensberry's wild cattle, i. 84.Pennisetum, seeds of, used as food in the Punjab, i. 309.Pennisetum distichum, seeds of, used as food in Central Africa, i. 308.Percival, Mr., on inheritance in horses, ii.10;on horn-like processes in horses, i. 50.Perdix rubra, occasional fertility of, in captivity, ii.156.Periodof action of causes of variability, ii.269.Periosteumof a dog, producing bone in a rabbit, ii.369.Periwinkle, sterility of, in England, ii.170.Persia, estimation of pigeons in, i. 205;carrier pigeon of, i. 141;tumbler pigeon of, i. 150;cats of, i. 45-47;sheep of, i. 94.Persica intermedia, i. 338.Persistenceof colour in horses, i. 50;of generic peculiarities, i. 111.Peru, antiquity of maize in, i. 320;peculiar potato from, i. 331;selection of wild animals practised by the Incas of, ii.207-208."Perücken-Taube," i. 154.Petals, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, ii.316;producing pollen, ii.392.Petunias, multiple origin of, i. 364;double-flowered, ii.167."Pfauen-Taube," i. 146.Phacochœrus Africanus, i. 76.Phalænopsis, pelorism in, ii.346.Phalanges, deficiency of, ii.73.Phaps chalcoptera, ii.349.Phaseolus multiflorus, ii.309,322.Phaseolus vulgaris, ii.309.Phasianus pictus, i. 275.Phasianus Amherstiæ, i. 275.Pheasant, assumption of male plumage by the hen, ii.51;wildness of hybrids of, with the common fowl, ii.45;prepotency of the, over the fowl, ii.68;diminished fecundity of the, in captivity, ii.155.Pheasants, golden and Lady Amherst's, i. 275.Pheasant-fowls, i. 244.Philipeaux, regeneration of limbs in the salamander, ii.376.Philippar, on the varieties of wheat, i. 314.PhilippineIslands, named breeds of game fowl in the, i. 232.Phillips, Mr., on bud-variation in the potato, i. 385.Phlox, bud-variation by suckers in, i. 384.Phthisis, affection of the fingers in, ii.332.Pickering, Mr., on the grunting voice of humped cattle, i. 79;occurrence of the head of a fowl in an ancient Egyptian procession, i. 246;seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, ii.168;extinction of ancient Egyptian breeds of sheep and oxen, ii.425;on an ancient Peruvian gourd, ii.429.Picotees, effect of conditions of life on, ii.273.Pictet, A., oriental names of the pigeon, i. 205.Pictet, Prof., origin of the dog, i. 15;on fossil oxen, i. 81.Piebalds, probably due to reversion, ii.37.Pigeaux, hybrids of the hare and rabbit, ii.99,152.Pigeonà cravate, i. 148.PigeonBagadais, i. 142, 143.Pigeoncoquille, i. 155.Pigeoncygne, i. 143.Pigeonheurté, i. 156.PigeonPatu plongeur, i. 156.PigeonPolonais, i. 144.PigeonRomain, i. 142, 144.Pigeontambour, i. 154.PigeonTurc, i. 139.Pigeons, origin of, i. 131-134, 180-204;classified table of breeds of, i. 136;pouter, i. 137-139;carrier, i. 139-142;runt, i. 142-144;barbs, i. 144-146;fantail, i. 146-148;turbit and owl, i. 148-149;tumbler, i. 150-153;Indian frill-back, i. 153;Jacobin, i. 154;trumpeter, i. 154;other breeds of, i. 155-157;differences of, equal to generic, i. 157-158;individual variations of, i. 158-160;variability of peculiarities characteristic of breeds in, i. 161;sexual variability in, i. 161-162;osteology of, i. 162-167;correlation of growth in, i. 167-171, ii.321;young of some varieties naked when hatched, i. 170, ii.332;effects of disuse in, i. 172-177;settling and roosting in trees, i. 181;floating in the Nile to drink, i. 181;Dovecot, i. 185-186;arguments for unity of origin of, i. 188-204;feral in various places, i. 190, ii.33;unity of coloration in, i. 195-197;reversion of mongrel, to coloration of,C. livia, i. 197-202;history of the cultivation of, i. 205-207;history of the principal races of, i. 207-212;mode of production of races of, i. 212-224;reversion in, ii.29,47;by age, ii.38;produced by crossing in, ii.40,48;prepotency of transmission of character in breeds of, ii.66-67;sexual differences in some varieties of, ii.74;period of perfect plumage in, ii.77;effect of segregation on, ii.86;preferent pairing of, within the same breed, ii.103;fertility of, increased by domestication, ii.112,155;effects of interbreeding and necessity of crossing, ii.125-126;indifference of, to change of climate, ii.161;selection of, ii.195,199,204;among the Romans, ii.202;unconscious selection of, ii.211,214;facility of selection of, ii.234;white, liable to the attacks of hawks, ii.230;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.298;fed upon meat, ii.304;effect of first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405;homology of the leg and wing feathers in, ii.323;union of two outer toes in feather-legged,ibid.;correlation of beak, limbs, tongue, and nostrils in, ii.324;analogous variation in, ii.349-350;permanence of breeds of, ii.429.Pigs, of Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 67-68;types of, derived fromSus scrofaandSus indica, i. 66-67;Japanese (Sus pliciceps, Gray), figured, i. 69;of Pacific islands, i. 70, ii.87;modifications, of skull in, i. 71-73;length of intestines in, i. 73, ii.303;period of gestation of, i. 74;number of vertebræ and ribs in, i. 74;anomalous forms, i. 75-76;development of tusks and bristles in, i. 76;striped young of, i. 76-77;reversion of feral, to wild type, i. 77-78, ii.33,47;production and changes of breeds of, by intercrossing, i. 78;effects produced by the first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 404;two-legged race of, ii.4;polydactylism in, ii.14;cross-reversion in, ii.35;hybrid, wildness of, ii.45;monstrous development of a proboscis in, ii.57;disappearance of tusks in male under domestication, ii, 74;solid hoofed, ii.429;crosses of, ii.93,95;mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii.110;increased fertility by domestication, ii.111;ill effects of close interbreeding in, ii.121-122;influence of selection on, ii.198;prejudice against certain colours in, ii.210,229,336;unconscious selection of, ii.214;black Virginian, ii.227,336;similarity of the best breeds of, ii.241;change of form in, ii.279;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.299;ears of, ii.301;correlations in, ii.327;white, buck-wheat injurious to, ii.337;tail of, grafted upon the back, ii.369;extinction of the older races of, ii.426.Pimenta, ii.91.Pimpernel, ii.190.Pine-apple, sterility and variability of the, ii.262.Pink, Chinese. 322.Pinks, bud-variation in, i. 381;improvement of, ii.216.Pinus pumilio,Mughus, andnana, varieties ofP. sylvestris, i. 363.Pinus sylvestris, i. 363, ii.310;hybrids of, withP. nigricans, ii.130.Piorry, on hereditary disease, ii.7,78.Pistacia lentiscus, ii.274.Pistils, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, ii.316.Pistor, sterility of some mongrel pigeons, i. 192;fertility of pigeons, ii.112.Pisum arvenseandsativum, i. 326.Pityriasisversicolor, inheritance of, ii.79.Planchon, G., on a fossil vine, i. 332;sterility ofJussiæa grandifiorain France, ii.170.Planetree, variety of the, i. 362.Plantigradecarnivora, general sterility of the, in captivity, ii.151.Plants, progress of cultivation of, i. 305-312;cultivated, their geographical derivation, i. 311;crossing of, ii.98,99,127;comparative fertility of wild and cultivated, ii.112-113;self-impotent, ii.131-140;dimorphic and trimorphic, ii.132,140;sterility of, from changed conditions, ii.163-165;from contabescence of anthers, ii.165-166;from monstrosities, ii.166-167;from doubling of the flowers, ii.167-168;from seedless fruit, ii.168;from excessive development of vegetative organs, ii.168-171;influence of selection on, ii.199-201;variation by selection, in useful parts of, ii.217-219;variability of, ii.237;variability of, induced by crossing, ii.265;direct action of change of climate on, ii.277;change of period of vegetation in, ii.304-305;varieties of, suitable to different climates, ii.306;correlated variability of, ii.330-331;antiquity of races of, ii.429.Plasticity, inheritance of, ii.241.Plateau, F., on the vision of amphibious animals, ii.223.Platessa flesus, ii.53.Plato, notice of selection in breeding dogs by, ii.212.Plicapolonica, ii.276.Pliny, on the crossing of shepherd's dogs with the wolf, i. 24;on Pyrrhus' breed of cattle, ii.202;on the estimation of pigeons among the Romans, i. 205;pears described by, ii.215.Plum, i. 345-347;stones figured, i. 345;varieties of the, i. 345-346, ii.219;bud-variation in the, i. 375;peculiar disease of the, ii.227;flower-buds of, destroyed by bullfinches, ii.232;purple-fruited, liable to certain diseases, ii.336.Plumage, inherited peculiarities of, in pigeons, i. 160-161;sexual peculiarities of, in fowls, i. 251-255.Pluralityof races, Pouchet's views on, i. 2.Poa, seeds of, used as food, i. 308;species of, propagated by bulblets, ii.170.Podoliancattle, i. 80.Pointers, modification of, i. 42;crossed with the foxhound, ii.95.Poissans parchemin, ii.231.Poiteau, origin ofCytisus Adami, i. 390;origin of cultivated varieties of fruit-trees, ii.260.Polishfowl, i. 227, 250, 254, 256-257, 262;skull figured, i. 262;section of skull figured, i. 263;development of protuberance of skull, i. 250;furcula figured, i. 268.Polish, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108.Pollen, ii.363-364;action of, ii.108;injurious action of, in some orchids, ii.134-135;resistance of, to injurious treatment, ii.164;prepotency of, ii.187.Pollock, Sir F., transmission of variegated leaves inBallota nigra, i. 383;on local tendency to variegation, ii.274.Polyanthus, ii.21.Polydactylism, inheritance of, ii.12-16;significance of, ii.16-17.Polyplectron, i. 255.Ponies, most frequent on islands and mountains, i. 52;Javanese, i. 53.Poole, Col., on striped Indian horses, i. 58, 59;on the young ofAsinus indicus, ii.43.Poplar, Lombardy, i. 361.Pöppig, on Cuban wild dogs, i. 27.Poppy, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317, 319;with the stamens converted into pistils, i. 365;differences of the, in different parts of India, ii.165;monstrous, fertility of, ii.166;black-seeded, antiquity of, ii.429.Porcupine, breeding of, in captivity, ii.152.Porcupinefamily, ii.4,76.Porphyrio, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii.156.Portal, on a peculiar hereditary affection of the eye, ii.9.PortoSanto, feral rabbits of, i. 112.Potamochœrus penicillatus, ii.150.Potato, i. 330-331;bud-variation by tubers in the, i. 384-385;graft-hybrid of, by union of half-tubers, i. 395;individual self-impotence in the, ii.137;sterility of, ii.169;advantage of change of soil to the, ii.146;relation of tubers and flowers in the, ii.343.Potato, sweet, sterility of the, in China, ii.169;varieties of the, suited to different climates, ii.309.Pouchet, M., his views on plurality of races, i. 2.Pouterpigeons, i. 137-139;furcula figured, i. 167;history of, i. 207.Powis, Lord, experiments in crossing humped and English cattle, i. 83, ii.45.Poynter, Mr., on a graft-hybrid rose, i. 396.Prairiewolf, i. 22.Precocityof highly-improved breeds, ii.321.Prepotencyof pollen, ii.187.Prepotencyof transmission of character, ii.65,174;in the Austrian emperors and some Roman families, ii.65;in cattle, ii.65-66;in sheep, ii.66;in cats,ibid.;in pigeons, ii.66-67;in fowls, ii.67;in plants,ibid.;in a variety of the pumpkin, i. 358;in the jackal over the dog, ii.67;in the ass over the horse,ibid.;in the pheasant over the fowl, ii.68;in the penguin duck over the Egyptian goose,ibid.;discussion of the phenomena of, ii.69-71.Prescott, Mr., on the earliest known European flower-garden, ii.217.Pressure, mechanical, a cause of modification, ii.344-345.Prevostand Dumas, on the employment of several spermatozoids to fertilise one ovule, ii.363.Price, Mr., variations in the structure of the feet in horses, i. 50.Prichard, Dr., on polydactylism in the negro, ii.14;on the Lambert family, ii.77;on an albino negro, ii.229;on Plica polonica, ii.276.Primrose, ii.21;double, rendered single by transplantation, ii.167.Primula, intercrossing of species of, i. 336;contabescence in, ii.166;hose and hose, i. 365;with coloured calyces, sterility of, ii.166.Primula sinensis, reciprocally dimorphic, ii.132.Primula veris, ii.21,109,182.Primula vulgaris, ii.21,109.Prince, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352.Procyon, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.Prolificacy, increased by domestication, ii.174.Propagation, rapidity of, favourable to selection, ii.297.Protozoa, reproduction of the, ii.376.Prunus armeniaca, i. 344-345.Prunus avium, i. 347.Prunus cerasus, i. 347, 375.Prunus domestica, i. 345.Prunus insititia, i. 345-347.Prunus spinosa, i. 345.Prussia, wild horses in, i. 60.Psittacus erithacus, ii.155.Psittacus macoa, ii.155.Psophia, general sterility of, in captivity, ii.157.Ptarmiganfowls, i. 228.Pulex penetrans, ii.275.Pumpkins, i. 357.Punoponies of the Cordillera, i. 52.Purser, Mr. onCytisus Adami, i. 389.Pusey, Mr., preference of hares and rabbits for common rye, ii.232.Putscheand Vertuch, varieties of the potato, i. 330.Puvis, effects of foreign pollen on apples, i. 401;supposed non-variability of monotypic genera, ii.266.Pyrrhula vulgaris, ii.232;assumption of the hen-plumage by the male, in confinement, ii.158.Pyrrhus, his breed of cattle, ii.202.Pyrus, fastigate Chinese species of, ii.277.Pyrus acerba, i. 348.Pyrus aucuparia, ii.230.Pyrus communis, i. 350, 376.Pyrus malus, i. 348, 376.Pyrus paradisiaca, i. 348.Pyrus præcox, i. 348.
Nails, growing on stumps of fingers, ii.394.Nais, scission of, ii.358.Namaquas, cattle of the, i. 88, ii.207.Narcissus, double, becoming single in poor soil, ii.167.Narvaez, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312.Nasua, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152."Natas," or Niatas, a South American breed of cattle, i. 89-91.Nathusius, H. von, on the pigs of the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 68;on the races of pigs, i. 65-68;convergence of character in highly-bred pigs, i. 73, ii.241;causes of changes in the form of the pig's skull, i. 72-73;changes in breeds of pigs by crossing, i. 78;change of form in the pig, ii.279;effects of disuse of parts in the pig, ii.299;period of gestation in the pig, i. 74;appendages to the jaw in pigs, i. 76;onSus pliciceps, i. 70;period of gestation in sheep, i. 97;on Niata cattle, i. 89;on short-horn cattle, ii.118;on interbreeding, ii.116;in the sheep, ii.120;in pigs, ii.122;unconscious selection in cattle and pigs, ii.214;variability of highly selected races, ii.238.Nato, P., on the Bizzaria orange, i. 391.Naturalselection, its general principles, i. 2-14.Nature, sense in which the term is employed, i. 6.Naudin, supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, ii.68;on the nature of hybrids, ii.48-49;essences of the species in hybrids, ii.386,401;reversion of hybrids, ii.36,49-50;reversion in flowers by stripes and blotches, ii.37;hybrids ofLinaria vulgarisandpurpurea, ii.94;pelorism inLinaria, ii.58,346;crossing of peloricLinariawith the normal form, ii.70;variability inDatura, ii.266;hybrids ofDatura lævisandstramonium, i. 392;prepotency of transmission ofDatura stramoniumwhen crossed, ii.67;on the pollen ofMirabilisand of hybrids, i. 389;fertilisation ofMirabilis, ii.363;crossing ofChamærops humilisand the date palm, i. 399;cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 357-360, ii.108;rudimentary tendrils in gourds, ii.316;dwarfCucurbitæ, ii.330;relation between the size and number of the fruit inCucurbita pepo, ii.343;analogous variation inCucurbitæ, ii.349;acclimatisation of Cucurbitaceæ, ii.313;production of fruit by sterile hybrid Cucurbitaceæ, ii.172;on the melon, i. 360, ii.108,275;incapacity of the cucumber to cross with other species, i. 359.Nectarine, i. 336-344;derived from the peach, i. 337, 339-342;hybrids of, i. 339;persistency of characters in seedling, i. 340;origin of,ibid.;produced on peach trees, i. 340-341;producing peaches, i. 341;variation in, i. 342-343;bud-variation in, i. 374;glands in the leaves of the, ii.231;analogous variation in, ii.348.Nectary, variations of, in pansies, i. 369.Nees, on changes in the odour of plants, ii.274."Negro" cat, i. 46.Negroes, polydactylism in, ii.14;selection of cattle practised by, ii.207.Neolithicperiod, domestication ofBos longifronsandprimigeniusin the, i. 81;cattle of the, distinct from the original species, i. 87;domestic goat in the, i. 101;cereals of the, i. 317.Nerve, optic, atrophy of the, ii.297.Neumeister, on the Dutch and German pouter pigeons, i. 138;on the Jacobin pigeon, i. 154;duplication of the middle flight feather in pigeons, i. 159;on a peculiarly coloured breed of pigeons, "Staarhalsige Taube," i. 161;fertility of hybrid pigeons, i. 192;mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, ii.66;period of perfect plumage in pigeons, ii.77;advantage of crossing pigeons, ii.126.Neuralgia, hereditary, ii.79.New Zealand, feral cats of, i. 47;cultivated plants of, i. 311.Newfoundlanddog, modification of, in England, i. 42.Newman, E., sterility of Sphingidæ under certain conditions, ii.158.Newport, G., non-copulation ofVanessæin confinement, ii.157;regeneration of limbs in myriapoda, ii.294;fertilisation of the ovule in batrachia, ii.363.Newt, polydactylism in the, ii.14.Newton, A., absence of sexual distinctions in the Columbidæ, i. 162;production of a "black-shouldered" pea-hen among the ordinary kind, i. 291;on hybrid ducks, ii.157.Ngami, Lake, cattle of, i. 88."Niata" cattle, i. 89-91;resemblance of toSivatherium, i. 89;prepotency of transmission of character by, ii.66."Nicard" rabbit, i. 107.Nicholson, Dr., on the cats of Antigua, i. 46;on the sheep of Antigua, i. 98.Nicotiana, crossing of varieties and species of, ii.108;prepotency of transmission of characters in species of, ii.67;contabescence of female organs in, ii.166.Nicotiana glutinosa, ii.108.Niebuhr, on the heredity of mental characteristics in some Roman families, ii.65.Night-blindness, non-reversion to, ii.36.Nilsson, Prof., on the barking of a young wolf, i. 27;parentage of European breeds of cattle, i. 80, 81;onBos frontosusin Scania, i. 81.Nind, Mr., on the dingo, i. 39."Nisusformativus," i. 293, 294, 355.Nitzsch, on the absence of the oil-gland in certain Columbæ, i. 147.Non-inheritance, causes of, ii.24-26."Nonnain" pigeon, i. 154.Nordmann, dogs of Awhasie, i. 25.Normandy, pigs of, with appendages under the jaw, i. 75.Norway, striped ponies of, i. 58.Nottand Gliddon, on the origin of the dog, i. 16;mastiff represented on an Assyrian tomb, i. 17;on Egyptian dogs, i. 18;on the Hare-Indian dog, i. 22.Notylia, ii.135.Nourishment, excess of, a cause of variability, ii.257.Number, importance of, in selection, ii.235.Numida ptilorhyncha, the original of the Guinea-fowl, i. 294.Nunpigeon, i. 155;known to Aldrovandi, i. 207.Nutmegtree, ii.237.
Nails, growing on stumps of fingers, ii.394.
Nais, scission of, ii.358.
Namaquas, cattle of the, i. 88, ii.207.
Narcissus, double, becoming single in poor soil, ii.167.
Narvaez, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312.
Nasua, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.
"Natas," or Niatas, a South American breed of cattle, i. 89-91.
Nathusius, H. von, on the pigs of the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 68;
on the races of pigs, i. 65-68;
convergence of character in highly-bred pigs, i. 73, ii.241;
causes of changes in the form of the pig's skull, i. 72-73;
changes in breeds of pigs by crossing, i. 78;
change of form in the pig, ii.279;
effects of disuse of parts in the pig, ii.299;
period of gestation in the pig, i. 74;
appendages to the jaw in pigs, i. 76;
onSus pliciceps, i. 70;
period of gestation in sheep, i. 97;
on Niata cattle, i. 89;
on short-horn cattle, ii.118;
on interbreeding, ii.116;
in the sheep, ii.120;
in pigs, ii.122;
unconscious selection in cattle and pigs, ii.214;
variability of highly selected races, ii.238.
Nato, P., on the Bizzaria orange, i. 391.
Naturalselection, its general principles, i. 2-14.
Nature, sense in which the term is employed, i. 6.
Naudin, supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, ii.68;
on the nature of hybrids, ii.48-49;
essences of the species in hybrids, ii.386,401;
reversion of hybrids, ii.36,49-50;
reversion in flowers by stripes and blotches, ii.37;
hybrids ofLinaria vulgarisandpurpurea, ii.94;
pelorism inLinaria, ii.58,346;
crossing of peloricLinariawith the normal form, ii.70;
variability inDatura, ii.266;
hybrids ofDatura lævisandstramonium, i. 392;
prepotency of transmission ofDatura stramoniumwhen crossed, ii.67;
on the pollen ofMirabilisand of hybrids, i. 389;
fertilisation ofMirabilis, ii.363;
crossing ofChamærops humilisand the date palm, i. 399;
cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 357-360, ii.108;
rudimentary tendrils in gourds, ii.316;
dwarfCucurbitæ, ii.330;
relation between the size and number of the fruit inCucurbita pepo, ii.343;
analogous variation inCucurbitæ, ii.349;
acclimatisation of Cucurbitaceæ, ii.313;
production of fruit by sterile hybrid Cucurbitaceæ, ii.172;
on the melon, i. 360, ii.108,275;
incapacity of the cucumber to cross with other species, i. 359.
Nectarine, i. 336-344;
derived from the peach, i. 337, 339-342;
hybrids of, i. 339;
persistency of characters in seedling, i. 340;
origin of,ibid.;
produced on peach trees, i. 340-341;
producing peaches, i. 341;
variation in, i. 342-343;
bud-variation in, i. 374;
glands in the leaves of the, ii.231;
analogous variation in, ii.348.
Nectary, variations of, in pansies, i. 369.
Nees, on changes in the odour of plants, ii.274.
"Negro" cat, i. 46.
Negroes, polydactylism in, ii.14;
selection of cattle practised by, ii.207.
Neolithicperiod, domestication ofBos longifronsandprimigeniusin the, i. 81;
cattle of the, distinct from the original species, i. 87;
domestic goat in the, i. 101;
cereals of the, i. 317.
Nerve, optic, atrophy of the, ii.297.
Neumeister, on the Dutch and German pouter pigeons, i. 138;
on the Jacobin pigeon, i. 154;
duplication of the middle flight feather in pigeons, i. 159;
on a peculiarly coloured breed of pigeons, "Staarhalsige Taube," i. 161;
fertility of hybrid pigeons, i. 192;
mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, ii.66;
period of perfect plumage in pigeons, ii.77;
advantage of crossing pigeons, ii.126.
Neuralgia, hereditary, ii.79.
New Zealand, feral cats of, i. 47;
cultivated plants of, i. 311.
Newfoundlanddog, modification of, in England, i. 42.
Newman, E., sterility of Sphingidæ under certain conditions, ii.158.
Newport, G., non-copulation ofVanessæin confinement, ii.157;
regeneration of limbs in myriapoda, ii.294;
fertilisation of the ovule in batrachia, ii.363.
Newt, polydactylism in the, ii.14.
Newton, A., absence of sexual distinctions in the Columbidæ, i. 162;
production of a "black-shouldered" pea-hen among the ordinary kind, i. 291;
on hybrid ducks, ii.157.
Ngami, Lake, cattle of, i. 88.
"Niata" cattle, i. 89-91;
resemblance of toSivatherium, i. 89;
prepotency of transmission of character by, ii.66.
"Nicard" rabbit, i. 107.
Nicholson, Dr., on the cats of Antigua, i. 46;
on the sheep of Antigua, i. 98.
Nicotiana, crossing of varieties and species of, ii.108;
prepotency of transmission of characters in species of, ii.67;
contabescence of female organs in, ii.166.
Nicotiana glutinosa, ii.108.
Niebuhr, on the heredity of mental characteristics in some Roman families, ii.65.
Night-blindness, non-reversion to, ii.36.
Nilsson, Prof., on the barking of a young wolf, i. 27;
parentage of European breeds of cattle, i. 80, 81;
onBos frontosusin Scania, i. 81.
Nind, Mr., on the dingo, i. 39.
"Nisusformativus," i. 293, 294, 355.
Nitzsch, on the absence of the oil-gland in certain Columbæ, i. 147.
Non-inheritance, causes of, ii.24-26.
"Nonnain" pigeon, i. 154.
Nordmann, dogs of Awhasie, i. 25.
Normandy, pigs of, with appendages under the jaw, i. 75.
Norway, striped ponies of, i. 58.
Nottand Gliddon, on the origin of the dog, i. 16;
mastiff represented on an Assyrian tomb, i. 17;
on Egyptian dogs, i. 18;
on the Hare-Indian dog, i. 22.
Notylia, ii.135.
Nourishment, excess of, a cause of variability, ii.257.
Number, importance of, in selection, ii.235.
Numida ptilorhyncha, the original of the Guinea-fowl, i. 294.
Nunpigeon, i. 155;
known to Aldrovandi, i. 207.
Nutmegtree, ii.237.
Oak, weeping, i. 361, ii.18,241;pyramidal, i. 361;Hessian, i. 361;late-leaved, i. 363;variation in persistency of leaves of, i. 363;valueless as timber at the Cape of Good Hope, ii.274;changes in, dependent on age, i. 387;galls of the, ii.282.Oats, wild, i. 313;in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 319.Oberlin, change of soil beneficial to the potato, ii.146.Odart, Count, varieties of the vine, i. 333, ii.278;bud-variation in the vine, i. 375.Odourand colour, correlation of, ii.325.Œcidium, ii.284.Œnothera biennis, bud-variation in, i. 382.Ogle, W., resemblance of twins, ii.252.Oil-gland, absence of, in fantail pigeons, i. 147, 160.Oldfield, Mr., estimation of European dogs among the natives of Australia, ii.215.Oleander, stock affected by grafting in the, i. 394.Ollier, Dr., insertion of the periosteum of a dog beneath the skin of a rabbit, ii.369.Oncidium, reproduction of, ii.133-135,164.Onions, crossing of, ii.90;white, liable to the attacks of fungi and disease, ii.228,336.Ophrys apifera, self-fertilisation of, ii.91;formation of pollen by a petal in, ii.392.Opuntia leucotricha, ii.277.Orange, i. 334-336;crossing of, ii.91;with the lemon, i. 399, ii.365;naturalisation of, in Italy, ii.308;variation of, in North Italy, ii.256;peculiar variety of, ii.331;Bizzaria, i. 391;trifacial,ibid.Orchids, reproduction of, i. 402, 403; ii.133-135.Orford, Lord, crossing greyhounds with the bulldog, i. 41.Organisms, origin of, i. 13.Organisation, advancement in, i. 8.Organs, rudimentary and aborted, ii.315-318;multiplication of abnormal, ii.391.Oriole, assumption of hen-plumage by a male in confinement, ii.158.Orkneyislands, pigs of, i. 70;pigeons of, i. 184.Orthoptera, regeneration of hind legs in the, ii.294.Orthosia munda, ii.157.Orton, R., on the effects of cross-breeding on the female, i. 404;on the Manx cat, ii.66;on mongrels from the silk-fowl, ii.67.Osborne, Dr., inherited mottling of the iris, ii.10.Osprey, preying on Black-fowls, ii.230.Osten-Sacken, Baron, on American oak galls, ii.282.Osteologicalcharacters of pigs, i. 66, 67, 71-74;of rabbits, i. 115-130;of pigeons, i. 162-167;of ducks, i. 282-284.Ostrich, diminished fertility of the, in captivity, ii.156.Ostyaks, selection of dogs by the, ii.206.Otter, ii.151."Otter" sheep of Massachusetts, i. 100.Oude, feral humped cattle in, i. 79.Ouistiti, breed in Europe, ii.153.Ovary, variation of, inCucurbita moschata, i. 359;development of, independently of pollen, i. 403.Ovis montana, i. 99.Ovulesand buds, identity of nature of, ii.360.Owen, Capt., on stiff-haired cats at Mombas, i. 46.Owen, Prof. R., palæontological evidence as to the origin of dogs, i. 15;onBos longifrons, i. 81;on the skull of the "Niata" cattle, i. 89, 90;on fossil remains of rabbits, i. 104;on the significance of the brain, i. 124;on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia, ii.16;on metagenesis, ii.366;theory of reproduction and parthenogenesis, ii.375.Owl, eagle, breeding in captivity, ii.154.Owlpigeon, i. 148;African, figured, i. 149;known in 1735, i. 209.Oxalis, trimorphic species of, ii.400.Oxalis rosea, ii.132.Oxley, Mr., on the nutmeg tree, ii.237.Oysters, differences in the shells of, ii.280.
Oak, weeping, i. 361, ii.18,241;
pyramidal, i. 361;
Hessian, i. 361;
late-leaved, i. 363;
variation in persistency of leaves of, i. 363;
valueless as timber at the Cape of Good Hope, ii.274;
changes in, dependent on age, i. 387;
galls of the, ii.282.
Oats, wild, i. 313;
in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 319.
Oberlin, change of soil beneficial to the potato, ii.146.
Odart, Count, varieties of the vine, i. 333, ii.278;
bud-variation in the vine, i. 375.
Odourand colour, correlation of, ii.325.
Œcidium, ii.284.
Œnothera biennis, bud-variation in, i. 382.
Ogle, W., resemblance of twins, ii.252.
Oil-gland, absence of, in fantail pigeons, i. 147, 160.
Oldfield, Mr., estimation of European dogs among the natives of Australia, ii.215.
Oleander, stock affected by grafting in the, i. 394.
Ollier, Dr., insertion of the periosteum of a dog beneath the skin of a rabbit, ii.369.
Oncidium, reproduction of, ii.133-135,164.
Onions, crossing of, ii.90;
white, liable to the attacks of fungi and disease, ii.228,336.
Ophrys apifera, self-fertilisation of, ii.91;
formation of pollen by a petal in, ii.392.
Opuntia leucotricha, ii.277.
Orange, i. 334-336;
crossing of, ii.91;
with the lemon, i. 399, ii.365;
naturalisation of, in Italy, ii.308;
variation of, in North Italy, ii.256;
peculiar variety of, ii.331;
Bizzaria, i. 391;
trifacial,ibid.
Orchids, reproduction of, i. 402, 403; ii.133-135.
Orford, Lord, crossing greyhounds with the bulldog, i. 41.
Organisms, origin of, i. 13.
Organisation, advancement in, i. 8.
Organs, rudimentary and aborted, ii.315-318;
multiplication of abnormal, ii.391.
Oriole, assumption of hen-plumage by a male in confinement, ii.158.
Orkneyislands, pigs of, i. 70;
pigeons of, i. 184.
Orthoptera, regeneration of hind legs in the, ii.294.
Orthosia munda, ii.157.
Orton, R., on the effects of cross-breeding on the female, i. 404;
on the Manx cat, ii.66;
on mongrels from the silk-fowl, ii.67.
Osborne, Dr., inherited mottling of the iris, ii.10.
Osprey, preying on Black-fowls, ii.230.
Osten-Sacken, Baron, on American oak galls, ii.282.
Osteologicalcharacters of pigs, i. 66, 67, 71-74;
of rabbits, i. 115-130;
of pigeons, i. 162-167;
of ducks, i. 282-284.
Ostrich, diminished fertility of the, in captivity, ii.156.
Ostyaks, selection of dogs by the, ii.206.
Otter, ii.151.
"Otter" sheep of Massachusetts, i. 100.
Oude, feral humped cattle in, i. 79.
Ouistiti, breed in Europe, ii.153.
Ovary, variation of, inCucurbita moschata, i. 359;
development of, independently of pollen, i. 403.
Ovis montana, i. 99.
Ovulesand buds, identity of nature of, ii.360.
Owen, Capt., on stiff-haired cats at Mombas, i. 46.
Owen, Prof. R., palæontological evidence as to the origin of dogs, i. 15;
onBos longifrons, i. 81;
on the skull of the "Niata" cattle, i. 89, 90;
on fossil remains of rabbits, i. 104;
on the significance of the brain, i. 124;
on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia, ii.16;
on metagenesis, ii.366;
theory of reproduction and parthenogenesis, ii.375.
Owl, eagle, breeding in captivity, ii.154.
Owlpigeon, i. 148;
African, figured, i. 149;
known in 1735, i. 209.
Oxalis, trimorphic species of, ii.400.
Oxalis rosea, ii.132.
Oxley, Mr., on the nutmeg tree, ii.237.
Oysters, differences in the shells of, ii.280.
Paca, sterility of the, in confinement, ii.152.Pacificislands, pigs of the, i. 70.Padua, earliest known flower garden at, ii.217.Paduanfowl of Aldrovandi, i. 247.Pæonia moutan, ii.205.Pæony, tree, ancient cultivation of, in China, ii.205.Pampas, feral cattle on the, i. 85.Pandanus, ii.256.Pangenesis, hypothesis of, ii.357-404.Panicum, seeds of, used as food, i. 309;found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317.Pansy, i. 368-370.Pappus, abortion of the, inCarthamus, ii.316.Paget, on the Hungarian sheep dog, i. 24.Paget, inheritance of cancer, ii.7;hereditary elongation of hairs in the eyebrow, ii.8;period of inheritance of cancer, ii.79-80;onHydra, ii.293;on the healing of wounds, ii.294;on the reparation of bones,ibid.;growth of hair near inflamed surfaces or fractures, ii.295;on false membranes,ibid.;compensatory development of the kidney, ii.300;bronzed skin in disease of supra-renal capsules, ii.331;unity of growth and gemmation, ii.359;independence of the elements of the body, ii.369;affinity of the tissues for special organic substances, ii.380.Pallas, on the influence of domestication upon the sterility of intercrossed species, i. 31, 83, 193, ii.109;hypothesis that variability is wholly due to crossing, i. 188, 374, ii.250,264;on the origin of the dog, i. 16;variation in dogs, i. 33;crossing of dog and jackal, i. 25;origin of domestic cats, i. 43;origin of Angora cat, i. 45;on wild horses, i. 52, 60;on Persian sheep, i. 94;on Siberian fat-tailed sheep, ii.279;on Chinese sheep, ii.315;on Crimean varieties of the vine, i. 333;on a grape with rudimentary seeds, ii.316;on feral musk-ducks, ii.46;sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, ii.163;selection of white-tailed yaks, ii.206.Paradoxurus, sterility of species of, in captivity, ii.151.Paraguay, cats of, i. 46;cattle of, i. 89;horses of, ii.102;dogs of, ii.102;black-skinned domestic fowl of, i. 232.Parallelvariation, ii.348-352.Paramos, woolly pigs of, i. 78.Parasites, liability to attacks of, dependent on colour, ii.228.Pariahdog, with crooked legs, i. 17;resembling the Indian wolf, i. 24.Pariset, inheritance of handwriting, ii.6.Parker, W. K., number of vertebræ in fowls, i. 266.Parkinson, Mr., varieties of the hyacinth, i. 370.Parkyns, Mansfield, onColumba guinea, i. 183.Parmentier, differences in the nidification of pigeons, i. 178;on white pigeons, ii.230.Parrots, general sterility of, in confinement, ii.155;alteration of plumage of, ii.280.Parsnip, reversion in, ii.31;influence of selection on, ii.201;experiments on, ii.277;wild, enlargement of roots of, by cultivation, i. 326.Parthenogenesis, ii.359,364.Partridge, sterility of, in captivity, ii.156.Parturition, difficult, hereditary, ii.8.Parus major, ii.231.Passiflora, self-impotence in species of, ii.137-138;contabescence of female organs in, ii.166.Passiflora alata, fertility of, when grafted, ii.188.Pastureand climate, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96, 97.Pastrana, Julia, peculiarities in the hair and teeth of, ii.328.Patagonia, crania of pigs from, i. 77.Patagonianrabbit, i. 105.Paterson, R., on the Arrindy silk moth, ii.306.Paul, W., on the hyacinth, i. 370;varieties of pelargoniums, i. 378;improvement of pelargoniums, ii.216.Pavo cristatusandmuticus, hybrids of, i. 290.Pavo nigripennis, i. 290-291."Pavodotten-Taube," i. 141.Peach, i. 336-344;derived from the almond, i. 337;stones of, figured,ibid.;contrasted with almonds, i. 338;double-flowering, i. 338-339, 343;hybrids of, i. 339;persistency of races of,ibid.;trees producing nectarines, i. 340-341;variation in, i. 342-343, ii.256;bud-variation in, i. 374;pendulous, ii.18;variation by selection in, ii.218;peculiar disease of the, ii.228;glands on the leaves of the, ii.231;antiquity of the, ii.308;increased hardiness of the,ibid.;varieties of, adapted for forcing, ii.310;yellow-fleshed, liable to certain diseases, ii.336.Peach-almond, i. 338.Peafowl, origin of, i. 290;japanned or black-shouldered, i. 290-291;feral, in Jamaica, i. 190;comparative fertility of, in wild and tame states, ii.112,268;white, ii.332.Pears, i. 350;bud-variation in, i. 376;reversion in seedling, ii.31;inferiority of, in Pliny's time, ii.215;winter nelis, attacked by aphides, ii.231;soft-barked varieties of, attacked by wood-boring beetles, ii.231;origination of good varieties of, in woods, ii.260;Forelle, resistance of, to frost, ii.306.Peas, i. 326-330;origin of, 326;varieties of, 326-329;found in Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317, 319, 326-329;fruit and seeds figured, i. 328;persistency of varieties, i. 329;intercrossing of varieties, i. 330, 397, ii.129;effect of crossing on the female organs in, i. 398;double-flowered, ii.168;maturity of, accelerated by selection, ii.201;varieties of, produced by selection, ii.218;thin-shelled, liable to the attacks of birds, ii.231;reversion of, by the terminal seed in the pod, ii.347.Peccary, breeding of the, in captivity, ii.150.Pedigreesof horses, cattle, greyhounds, game-cocks, and pigs, ii.3.Pegu, cats of, i. 47;horses of, i. 53.Pelargoniums, multiple origin of, i. 364;zones of, i. 366;bud-variation in, i. 378;variegation in, accompanied by dwarfing, i. 384;pelorism in, ii.167,345;by reversion, ii.59;advantage of change of soil to, ii.147;improvement of, by selection, ii.216;scorching of, ii.229;numbers of, raised from seed, ii.235;effects of conditions of life on, ii.274;stove-variety of, ii.311;correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in, ii.330-331.Pelargonium fulgidum, conditions of fertility in, ii.164."Pelones," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88.Peloricflowers, tendency of, to acquire the normal form, ii.70;fertility or sterility of, ii.166-167.Peloricraces ofGloxinia speciosaandAntirrhinum majus, i. 365.Pelorism, ii.58-60,345-346.Pelvis, characters of, in rabbits, i. 122-123;in pigeons, i. 166;in fowls, i. 268;in ducks, i. 284.Pembrokecattle, i. 81.Penduloustrees, i. 361, ii.348;uncertainty of transmission of, ii.18-19.Penguinducks, i. 280, 282;hybrid of the, with the Egyptian goose, i. 282.Pennant, production of wolf-like curs at Fochabers, i. 37;on the Duke of Queensberry's wild cattle, i. 84.Pennisetum, seeds of, used as food in the Punjab, i. 309.Pennisetum distichum, seeds of, used as food in Central Africa, i. 308.Percival, Mr., on inheritance in horses, ii.10;on horn-like processes in horses, i. 50.Perdix rubra, occasional fertility of, in captivity, ii.156.Periodof action of causes of variability, ii.269.Periosteumof a dog, producing bone in a rabbit, ii.369.Periwinkle, sterility of, in England, ii.170.Persia, estimation of pigeons in, i. 205;carrier pigeon of, i. 141;tumbler pigeon of, i. 150;cats of, i. 45-47;sheep of, i. 94.Persica intermedia, i. 338.Persistenceof colour in horses, i. 50;of generic peculiarities, i. 111.Peru, antiquity of maize in, i. 320;peculiar potato from, i. 331;selection of wild animals practised by the Incas of, ii.207-208."Perücken-Taube," i. 154.Petals, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, ii.316;producing pollen, ii.392.Petunias, multiple origin of, i. 364;double-flowered, ii.167."Pfauen-Taube," i. 146.Phacochœrus Africanus, i. 76.Phalænopsis, pelorism in, ii.346.Phalanges, deficiency of, ii.73.Phaps chalcoptera, ii.349.Phaseolus multiflorus, ii.309,322.Phaseolus vulgaris, ii.309.Phasianus pictus, i. 275.Phasianus Amherstiæ, i. 275.Pheasant, assumption of male plumage by the hen, ii.51;wildness of hybrids of, with the common fowl, ii.45;prepotency of the, over the fowl, ii.68;diminished fecundity of the, in captivity, ii.155.Pheasants, golden and Lady Amherst's, i. 275.Pheasant-fowls, i. 244.Philipeaux, regeneration of limbs in the salamander, ii.376.Philippar, on the varieties of wheat, i. 314.PhilippineIslands, named breeds of game fowl in the, i. 232.Phillips, Mr., on bud-variation in the potato, i. 385.Phlox, bud-variation by suckers in, i. 384.Phthisis, affection of the fingers in, ii.332.Pickering, Mr., on the grunting voice of humped cattle, i. 79;occurrence of the head of a fowl in an ancient Egyptian procession, i. 246;seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, ii.168;extinction of ancient Egyptian breeds of sheep and oxen, ii.425;on an ancient Peruvian gourd, ii.429.Picotees, effect of conditions of life on, ii.273.Pictet, A., oriental names of the pigeon, i. 205.Pictet, Prof., origin of the dog, i. 15;on fossil oxen, i. 81.Piebalds, probably due to reversion, ii.37.Pigeaux, hybrids of the hare and rabbit, ii.99,152.Pigeonà cravate, i. 148.PigeonBagadais, i. 142, 143.Pigeoncoquille, i. 155.Pigeoncygne, i. 143.Pigeonheurté, i. 156.PigeonPatu plongeur, i. 156.PigeonPolonais, i. 144.PigeonRomain, i. 142, 144.Pigeontambour, i. 154.PigeonTurc, i. 139.Pigeons, origin of, i. 131-134, 180-204;classified table of breeds of, i. 136;pouter, i. 137-139;carrier, i. 139-142;runt, i. 142-144;barbs, i. 144-146;fantail, i. 146-148;turbit and owl, i. 148-149;tumbler, i. 150-153;Indian frill-back, i. 153;Jacobin, i. 154;trumpeter, i. 154;other breeds of, i. 155-157;differences of, equal to generic, i. 157-158;individual variations of, i. 158-160;variability of peculiarities characteristic of breeds in, i. 161;sexual variability in, i. 161-162;osteology of, i. 162-167;correlation of growth in, i. 167-171, ii.321;young of some varieties naked when hatched, i. 170, ii.332;effects of disuse in, i. 172-177;settling and roosting in trees, i. 181;floating in the Nile to drink, i. 181;Dovecot, i. 185-186;arguments for unity of origin of, i. 188-204;feral in various places, i. 190, ii.33;unity of coloration in, i. 195-197;reversion of mongrel, to coloration of,C. livia, i. 197-202;history of the cultivation of, i. 205-207;history of the principal races of, i. 207-212;mode of production of races of, i. 212-224;reversion in, ii.29,47;by age, ii.38;produced by crossing in, ii.40,48;prepotency of transmission of character in breeds of, ii.66-67;sexual differences in some varieties of, ii.74;period of perfect plumage in, ii.77;effect of segregation on, ii.86;preferent pairing of, within the same breed, ii.103;fertility of, increased by domestication, ii.112,155;effects of interbreeding and necessity of crossing, ii.125-126;indifference of, to change of climate, ii.161;selection of, ii.195,199,204;among the Romans, ii.202;unconscious selection of, ii.211,214;facility of selection of, ii.234;white, liable to the attacks of hawks, ii.230;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.298;fed upon meat, ii.304;effect of first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405;homology of the leg and wing feathers in, ii.323;union of two outer toes in feather-legged,ibid.;correlation of beak, limbs, tongue, and nostrils in, ii.324;analogous variation in, ii.349-350;permanence of breeds of, ii.429.Pigs, of Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 67-68;types of, derived fromSus scrofaandSus indica, i. 66-67;Japanese (Sus pliciceps, Gray), figured, i. 69;of Pacific islands, i. 70, ii.87;modifications, of skull in, i. 71-73;length of intestines in, i. 73, ii.303;period of gestation of, i. 74;number of vertebræ and ribs in, i. 74;anomalous forms, i. 75-76;development of tusks and bristles in, i. 76;striped young of, i. 76-77;reversion of feral, to wild type, i. 77-78, ii.33,47;production and changes of breeds of, by intercrossing, i. 78;effects produced by the first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 404;two-legged race of, ii.4;polydactylism in, ii.14;cross-reversion in, ii.35;hybrid, wildness of, ii.45;monstrous development of a proboscis in, ii.57;disappearance of tusks in male under domestication, ii, 74;solid hoofed, ii.429;crosses of, ii.93,95;mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii.110;increased fertility by domestication, ii.111;ill effects of close interbreeding in, ii.121-122;influence of selection on, ii.198;prejudice against certain colours in, ii.210,229,336;unconscious selection of, ii.214;black Virginian, ii.227,336;similarity of the best breeds of, ii.241;change of form in, ii.279;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.299;ears of, ii.301;correlations in, ii.327;white, buck-wheat injurious to, ii.337;tail of, grafted upon the back, ii.369;extinction of the older races of, ii.426.Pimenta, ii.91.Pimpernel, ii.190.Pine-apple, sterility and variability of the, ii.262.Pink, Chinese. 322.Pinks, bud-variation in, i. 381;improvement of, ii.216.Pinus pumilio,Mughus, andnana, varieties ofP. sylvestris, i. 363.Pinus sylvestris, i. 363, ii.310;hybrids of, withP. nigricans, ii.130.Piorry, on hereditary disease, ii.7,78.Pistacia lentiscus, ii.274.Pistils, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, ii.316.Pistor, sterility of some mongrel pigeons, i. 192;fertility of pigeons, ii.112.Pisum arvenseandsativum, i. 326.Pityriasisversicolor, inheritance of, ii.79.Planchon, G., on a fossil vine, i. 332;sterility ofJussiæa grandifiorain France, ii.170.Planetree, variety of the, i. 362.Plantigradecarnivora, general sterility of the, in captivity, ii.151.Plants, progress of cultivation of, i. 305-312;cultivated, their geographical derivation, i. 311;crossing of, ii.98,99,127;comparative fertility of wild and cultivated, ii.112-113;self-impotent, ii.131-140;dimorphic and trimorphic, ii.132,140;sterility of, from changed conditions, ii.163-165;from contabescence of anthers, ii.165-166;from monstrosities, ii.166-167;from doubling of the flowers, ii.167-168;from seedless fruit, ii.168;from excessive development of vegetative organs, ii.168-171;influence of selection on, ii.199-201;variation by selection, in useful parts of, ii.217-219;variability of, ii.237;variability of, induced by crossing, ii.265;direct action of change of climate on, ii.277;change of period of vegetation in, ii.304-305;varieties of, suitable to different climates, ii.306;correlated variability of, ii.330-331;antiquity of races of, ii.429.Plasticity, inheritance of, ii.241.Plateau, F., on the vision of amphibious animals, ii.223.Platessa flesus, ii.53.Plato, notice of selection in breeding dogs by, ii.212.Plicapolonica, ii.276.Pliny, on the crossing of shepherd's dogs with the wolf, i. 24;on Pyrrhus' breed of cattle, ii.202;on the estimation of pigeons among the Romans, i. 205;pears described by, ii.215.Plum, i. 345-347;stones figured, i. 345;varieties of the, i. 345-346, ii.219;bud-variation in the, i. 375;peculiar disease of the, ii.227;flower-buds of, destroyed by bullfinches, ii.232;purple-fruited, liable to certain diseases, ii.336.Plumage, inherited peculiarities of, in pigeons, i. 160-161;sexual peculiarities of, in fowls, i. 251-255.Pluralityof races, Pouchet's views on, i. 2.Poa, seeds of, used as food, i. 308;species of, propagated by bulblets, ii.170.Podoliancattle, i. 80.Pointers, modification of, i. 42;crossed with the foxhound, ii.95.Poissans parchemin, ii.231.Poiteau, origin ofCytisus Adami, i. 390;origin of cultivated varieties of fruit-trees, ii.260.Polishfowl, i. 227, 250, 254, 256-257, 262;skull figured, i. 262;section of skull figured, i. 263;development of protuberance of skull, i. 250;furcula figured, i. 268.Polish, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108.Pollen, ii.363-364;action of, ii.108;injurious action of, in some orchids, ii.134-135;resistance of, to injurious treatment, ii.164;prepotency of, ii.187.Pollock, Sir F., transmission of variegated leaves inBallota nigra, i. 383;on local tendency to variegation, ii.274.Polyanthus, ii.21.Polydactylism, inheritance of, ii.12-16;significance of, ii.16-17.Polyplectron, i. 255.Ponies, most frequent on islands and mountains, i. 52;Javanese, i. 53.Poole, Col., on striped Indian horses, i. 58, 59;on the young ofAsinus indicus, ii.43.Poplar, Lombardy, i. 361.Pöppig, on Cuban wild dogs, i. 27.Poppy, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317, 319;with the stamens converted into pistils, i. 365;differences of the, in different parts of India, ii.165;monstrous, fertility of, ii.166;black-seeded, antiquity of, ii.429.Porcupine, breeding of, in captivity, ii.152.Porcupinefamily, ii.4,76.Porphyrio, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii.156.Portal, on a peculiar hereditary affection of the eye, ii.9.PortoSanto, feral rabbits of, i. 112.Potamochœrus penicillatus, ii.150.Potato, i. 330-331;bud-variation by tubers in the, i. 384-385;graft-hybrid of, by union of half-tubers, i. 395;individual self-impotence in the, ii.137;sterility of, ii.169;advantage of change of soil to the, ii.146;relation of tubers and flowers in the, ii.343.Potato, sweet, sterility of the, in China, ii.169;varieties of the, suited to different climates, ii.309.Pouchet, M., his views on plurality of races, i. 2.Pouterpigeons, i. 137-139;furcula figured, i. 167;history of, i. 207.Powis, Lord, experiments in crossing humped and English cattle, i. 83, ii.45.Poynter, Mr., on a graft-hybrid rose, i. 396.Prairiewolf, i. 22.Precocityof highly-improved breeds, ii.321.Prepotencyof pollen, ii.187.Prepotencyof transmission of character, ii.65,174;in the Austrian emperors and some Roman families, ii.65;in cattle, ii.65-66;in sheep, ii.66;in cats,ibid.;in pigeons, ii.66-67;in fowls, ii.67;in plants,ibid.;in a variety of the pumpkin, i. 358;in the jackal over the dog, ii.67;in the ass over the horse,ibid.;in the pheasant over the fowl, ii.68;in the penguin duck over the Egyptian goose,ibid.;discussion of the phenomena of, ii.69-71.Prescott, Mr., on the earliest known European flower-garden, ii.217.Pressure, mechanical, a cause of modification, ii.344-345.Prevostand Dumas, on the employment of several spermatozoids to fertilise one ovule, ii.363.Price, Mr., variations in the structure of the feet in horses, i. 50.Prichard, Dr., on polydactylism in the negro, ii.14;on the Lambert family, ii.77;on an albino negro, ii.229;on Plica polonica, ii.276.Primrose, ii.21;double, rendered single by transplantation, ii.167.Primula, intercrossing of species of, i. 336;contabescence in, ii.166;hose and hose, i. 365;with coloured calyces, sterility of, ii.166.Primula sinensis, reciprocally dimorphic, ii.132.Primula veris, ii.21,109,182.Primula vulgaris, ii.21,109.Prince, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352.Procyon, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.Prolificacy, increased by domestication, ii.174.Propagation, rapidity of, favourable to selection, ii.297.Protozoa, reproduction of the, ii.376.Prunus armeniaca, i. 344-345.Prunus avium, i. 347.Prunus cerasus, i. 347, 375.Prunus domestica, i. 345.Prunus insititia, i. 345-347.Prunus spinosa, i. 345.Prussia, wild horses in, i. 60.Psittacus erithacus, ii.155.Psittacus macoa, ii.155.Psophia, general sterility of, in captivity, ii.157.Ptarmiganfowls, i. 228.Pulex penetrans, ii.275.Pumpkins, i. 357.Punoponies of the Cordillera, i. 52.Purser, Mr. onCytisus Adami, i. 389.Pusey, Mr., preference of hares and rabbits for common rye, ii.232.Putscheand Vertuch, varieties of the potato, i. 330.Puvis, effects of foreign pollen on apples, i. 401;supposed non-variability of monotypic genera, ii.266.Pyrrhula vulgaris, ii.232;assumption of the hen-plumage by the male, in confinement, ii.158.Pyrrhus, his breed of cattle, ii.202.Pyrus, fastigate Chinese species of, ii.277.Pyrus acerba, i. 348.Pyrus aucuparia, ii.230.Pyrus communis, i. 350, 376.Pyrus malus, i. 348, 376.Pyrus paradisiaca, i. 348.Pyrus præcox, i. 348.
Paca, sterility of the, in confinement, ii.152.
Pacificislands, pigs of the, i. 70.
Padua, earliest known flower garden at, ii.217.
Paduanfowl of Aldrovandi, i. 247.
Pæonia moutan, ii.205.
Pæony, tree, ancient cultivation of, in China, ii.205.
Pampas, feral cattle on the, i. 85.
Pandanus, ii.256.
Pangenesis, hypothesis of, ii.357-404.
Panicum, seeds of, used as food, i. 309;
found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317.
Pansy, i. 368-370.
Pappus, abortion of the, inCarthamus, ii.316.
Paget, on the Hungarian sheep dog, i. 24.
Paget, inheritance of cancer, ii.7;
hereditary elongation of hairs in the eyebrow, ii.8;
period of inheritance of cancer, ii.79-80;
onHydra, ii.293;
on the healing of wounds, ii.294;
on the reparation of bones,ibid.;
growth of hair near inflamed surfaces or fractures, ii.295;
on false membranes,ibid.;
compensatory development of the kidney, ii.300;
bronzed skin in disease of supra-renal capsules, ii.331;
unity of growth and gemmation, ii.359;
independence of the elements of the body, ii.369;
affinity of the tissues for special organic substances, ii.380.
Pallas, on the influence of domestication upon the sterility of intercrossed species, i. 31, 83, 193, ii.109;
hypothesis that variability is wholly due to crossing, i. 188, 374, ii.250,264;
on the origin of the dog, i. 16;
variation in dogs, i. 33;
crossing of dog and jackal, i. 25;
origin of domestic cats, i. 43;
origin of Angora cat, i. 45;
on wild horses, i. 52, 60;
on Persian sheep, i. 94;
on Siberian fat-tailed sheep, ii.279;
on Chinese sheep, ii.315;
on Crimean varieties of the vine, i. 333;
on a grape with rudimentary seeds, ii.316;
on feral musk-ducks, ii.46;
sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, ii.163;
selection of white-tailed yaks, ii.206.
Paradoxurus, sterility of species of, in captivity, ii.151.
Paraguay, cats of, i. 46;
cattle of, i. 89;
horses of, ii.102;
dogs of, ii.102;
black-skinned domestic fowl of, i. 232.
Parallelvariation, ii.348-352.
Paramos, woolly pigs of, i. 78.
Parasites, liability to attacks of, dependent on colour, ii.228.
Pariahdog, with crooked legs, i. 17;
resembling the Indian wolf, i. 24.
Pariset, inheritance of handwriting, ii.6.
Parker, W. K., number of vertebræ in fowls, i. 266.
Parkinson, Mr., varieties of the hyacinth, i. 370.
Parkyns, Mansfield, onColumba guinea, i. 183.
Parmentier, differences in the nidification of pigeons, i. 178;
on white pigeons, ii.230.
Parrots, general sterility of, in confinement, ii.155;
alteration of plumage of, ii.280.
Parsnip, reversion in, ii.31;
influence of selection on, ii.201;
experiments on, ii.277;
wild, enlargement of roots of, by cultivation, i. 326.
Parthenogenesis, ii.359,364.
Partridge, sterility of, in captivity, ii.156.
Parturition, difficult, hereditary, ii.8.
Parus major, ii.231.
Passiflora, self-impotence in species of, ii.137-138;
contabescence of female organs in, ii.166.
Passiflora alata, fertility of, when grafted, ii.188.
Pastureand climate, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96, 97.
Pastrana, Julia, peculiarities in the hair and teeth of, ii.328.
Patagonia, crania of pigs from, i. 77.
Patagonianrabbit, i. 105.
Paterson, R., on the Arrindy silk moth, ii.306.
Paul, W., on the hyacinth, i. 370;
varieties of pelargoniums, i. 378;
improvement of pelargoniums, ii.216.
Pavo cristatusandmuticus, hybrids of, i. 290.
Pavo nigripennis, i. 290-291.
"Pavodotten-Taube," i. 141.
Peach, i. 336-344;
derived from the almond, i. 337;
stones of, figured,ibid.;
contrasted with almonds, i. 338;
double-flowering, i. 338-339, 343;
hybrids of, i. 339;
persistency of races of,ibid.;
trees producing nectarines, i. 340-341;
variation in, i. 342-343, ii.256;
bud-variation in, i. 374;
pendulous, ii.18;
variation by selection in, ii.218;
peculiar disease of the, ii.228;
glands on the leaves of the, ii.231;
antiquity of the, ii.308;
increased hardiness of the,ibid.;
varieties of, adapted for forcing, ii.310;
yellow-fleshed, liable to certain diseases, ii.336.
Peach-almond, i. 338.
Peafowl, origin of, i. 290;
japanned or black-shouldered, i. 290-291;
feral, in Jamaica, i. 190;
comparative fertility of, in wild and tame states, ii.112,268;
white, ii.332.
Pears, i. 350;
bud-variation in, i. 376;
reversion in seedling, ii.31;
inferiority of, in Pliny's time, ii.215;
winter nelis, attacked by aphides, ii.231;
soft-barked varieties of, attacked by wood-boring beetles, ii.231;
origination of good varieties of, in woods, ii.260;
Forelle, resistance of, to frost, ii.306.
Peas, i. 326-330;
origin of, 326;
varieties of, 326-329;
found in Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317, 319, 326-329;
fruit and seeds figured, i. 328;
persistency of varieties, i. 329;
intercrossing of varieties, i. 330, 397, ii.129;
effect of crossing on the female organs in, i. 398;
double-flowered, ii.168;
maturity of, accelerated by selection, ii.201;
varieties of, produced by selection, ii.218;
thin-shelled, liable to the attacks of birds, ii.231;
reversion of, by the terminal seed in the pod, ii.347.
Peccary, breeding of the, in captivity, ii.150.
Pedigreesof horses, cattle, greyhounds, game-cocks, and pigs, ii.3.
Pegu, cats of, i. 47;
horses of, i. 53.
Pelargoniums, multiple origin of, i. 364;
zones of, i. 366;
bud-variation in, i. 378;
variegation in, accompanied by dwarfing, i. 384;
pelorism in, ii.167,345;
by reversion, ii.59;
advantage of change of soil to, ii.147;
improvement of, by selection, ii.216;
scorching of, ii.229;
numbers of, raised from seed, ii.235;
effects of conditions of life on, ii.274;
stove-variety of, ii.311;
correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in, ii.330-331.
Pelargonium fulgidum, conditions of fertility in, ii.164.
"Pelones," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88.
Peloricflowers, tendency of, to acquire the normal form, ii.70;
fertility or sterility of, ii.166-167.
Peloricraces ofGloxinia speciosaandAntirrhinum majus, i. 365.
Pelorism, ii.58-60,345-346.
Pelvis, characters of, in rabbits, i. 122-123;
in pigeons, i. 166;
in fowls, i. 268;
in ducks, i. 284.
Pembrokecattle, i. 81.
Penduloustrees, i. 361, ii.348;
uncertainty of transmission of, ii.18-19.
Penguinducks, i. 280, 282;
hybrid of the, with the Egyptian goose, i. 282.
Pennant, production of wolf-like curs at Fochabers, i. 37;
on the Duke of Queensberry's wild cattle, i. 84.
Pennisetum, seeds of, used as food in the Punjab, i. 309.
Pennisetum distichum, seeds of, used as food in Central Africa, i. 308.
Percival, Mr., on inheritance in horses, ii.10;
on horn-like processes in horses, i. 50.
Perdix rubra, occasional fertility of, in captivity, ii.156.
Periodof action of causes of variability, ii.269.
Periosteumof a dog, producing bone in a rabbit, ii.369.
Periwinkle, sterility of, in England, ii.170.
Persia, estimation of pigeons in, i. 205;
carrier pigeon of, i. 141;
tumbler pigeon of, i. 150;
cats of, i. 45-47;
sheep of, i. 94.
Persica intermedia, i. 338.
Persistenceof colour in horses, i. 50;
of generic peculiarities, i. 111.
Peru, antiquity of maize in, i. 320;
peculiar potato from, i. 331;
selection of wild animals practised by the Incas of, ii.207-208.
"Perücken-Taube," i. 154.
Petals, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, ii.316;
producing pollen, ii.392.
Petunias, multiple origin of, i. 364;
double-flowered, ii.167.
"Pfauen-Taube," i. 146.
Phacochœrus Africanus, i. 76.
Phalænopsis, pelorism in, ii.346.
Phalanges, deficiency of, ii.73.
Phaps chalcoptera, ii.349.
Phaseolus multiflorus, ii.309,322.
Phaseolus vulgaris, ii.309.
Phasianus pictus, i. 275.
Phasianus Amherstiæ, i. 275.
Pheasant, assumption of male plumage by the hen, ii.51;
wildness of hybrids of, with the common fowl, ii.45;
prepotency of the, over the fowl, ii.68;
diminished fecundity of the, in captivity, ii.155.
Pheasants, golden and Lady Amherst's, i. 275.
Pheasant-fowls, i. 244.
Philipeaux, regeneration of limbs in the salamander, ii.376.
Philippar, on the varieties of wheat, i. 314.
PhilippineIslands, named breeds of game fowl in the, i. 232.
Phillips, Mr., on bud-variation in the potato, i. 385.
Phlox, bud-variation by suckers in, i. 384.
Phthisis, affection of the fingers in, ii.332.
Pickering, Mr., on the grunting voice of humped cattle, i. 79;
occurrence of the head of a fowl in an ancient Egyptian procession, i. 246;
seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, ii.168;
extinction of ancient Egyptian breeds of sheep and oxen, ii.425;
on an ancient Peruvian gourd, ii.429.
Picotees, effect of conditions of life on, ii.273.
Pictet, A., oriental names of the pigeon, i. 205.
Pictet, Prof., origin of the dog, i. 15;
on fossil oxen, i. 81.
Piebalds, probably due to reversion, ii.37.
Pigeaux, hybrids of the hare and rabbit, ii.99,152.
Pigeonà cravate, i. 148.
PigeonBagadais, i. 142, 143.
Pigeoncoquille, i. 155.
Pigeoncygne, i. 143.
Pigeonheurté, i. 156.
PigeonPatu plongeur, i. 156.
PigeonPolonais, i. 144.
PigeonRomain, i. 142, 144.
Pigeontambour, i. 154.
PigeonTurc, i. 139.
Pigeons, origin of, i. 131-134, 180-204;
classified table of breeds of, i. 136;
pouter, i. 137-139;
carrier, i. 139-142;
runt, i. 142-144;
barbs, i. 144-146;
fantail, i. 146-148;
turbit and owl, i. 148-149;
tumbler, i. 150-153;
Indian frill-back, i. 153;
Jacobin, i. 154;
trumpeter, i. 154;
other breeds of, i. 155-157;
differences of, equal to generic, i. 157-158;
individual variations of, i. 158-160;
variability of peculiarities characteristic of breeds in, i. 161;
sexual variability in, i. 161-162;
osteology of, i. 162-167;
correlation of growth in, i. 167-171, ii.321;
young of some varieties naked when hatched, i. 170, ii.332;
effects of disuse in, i. 172-177;
settling and roosting in trees, i. 181;
floating in the Nile to drink, i. 181;
Dovecot, i. 185-186;
arguments for unity of origin of, i. 188-204;
feral in various places, i. 190, ii.33;
unity of coloration in, i. 195-197;
reversion of mongrel, to coloration of,C. livia, i. 197-202;
history of the cultivation of, i. 205-207;
history of the principal races of, i. 207-212;
mode of production of races of, i. 212-224;
reversion in, ii.29,47;
by age, ii.38;
produced by crossing in, ii.40,48;
prepotency of transmission of character in breeds of, ii.66-67;
sexual differences in some varieties of, ii.74;
period of perfect plumage in, ii.77;
effect of segregation on, ii.86;
preferent pairing of, within the same breed, ii.103;
fertility of, increased by domestication, ii.112,155;
effects of interbreeding and necessity of crossing, ii.125-126;
indifference of, to change of climate, ii.161;
selection of, ii.195,199,204;
among the Romans, ii.202;
unconscious selection of, ii.211,214;
facility of selection of, ii.234;
white, liable to the attacks of hawks, ii.230;
effects of disuse of parts in, ii.298;
fed upon meat, ii.304;
effect of first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405;
homology of the leg and wing feathers in, ii.323;
union of two outer toes in feather-legged,ibid.;
correlation of beak, limbs, tongue, and nostrils in, ii.324;
analogous variation in, ii.349-350;
permanence of breeds of, ii.429.
Pigs, of Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 67-68;
types of, derived fromSus scrofaandSus indica, i. 66-67;
Japanese (Sus pliciceps, Gray), figured, i. 69;
of Pacific islands, i. 70, ii.87;
modifications, of skull in, i. 71-73;
length of intestines in, i. 73, ii.303;
period of gestation of, i. 74;
number of vertebræ and ribs in, i. 74;
anomalous forms, i. 75-76;
development of tusks and bristles in, i. 76;
striped young of, i. 76-77;
reversion of feral, to wild type, i. 77-78, ii.33,47;
production and changes of breeds of, by intercrossing, i. 78;
effects produced by the first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 404;
two-legged race of, ii.4;
polydactylism in, ii.14;
cross-reversion in, ii.35;
hybrid, wildness of, ii.45;
monstrous development of a proboscis in, ii.57;
disappearance of tusks in male under domestication, ii, 74;
solid hoofed, ii.429;
crosses of, ii.93,95;
mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii.110;
increased fertility by domestication, ii.111;
ill effects of close interbreeding in, ii.121-122;
influence of selection on, ii.198;
prejudice against certain colours in, ii.210,229,336;
unconscious selection of, ii.214;
black Virginian, ii.227,336;
similarity of the best breeds of, ii.241;
change of form in, ii.279;
effects of disuse of parts in, ii.299;
ears of, ii.301;
correlations in, ii.327;
white, buck-wheat injurious to, ii.337;
tail of, grafted upon the back, ii.369;
extinction of the older races of, ii.426.
Pimenta, ii.91.
Pimpernel, ii.190.
Pine-apple, sterility and variability of the, ii.262.
Pink, Chinese. 322.
Pinks, bud-variation in, i. 381;
improvement of, ii.216.
Pinus pumilio,Mughus, andnana, varieties ofP. sylvestris, i. 363.
Pinus sylvestris, i. 363, ii.310;
hybrids of, withP. nigricans, ii.130.
Piorry, on hereditary disease, ii.7,78.
Pistacia lentiscus, ii.274.
Pistils, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, ii.316.
Pistor, sterility of some mongrel pigeons, i. 192;
fertility of pigeons, ii.112.
Pisum arvenseandsativum, i. 326.
Pityriasisversicolor, inheritance of, ii.79.
Planchon, G., on a fossil vine, i. 332;
sterility ofJussiæa grandifiorain France, ii.170.
Planetree, variety of the, i. 362.
Plantigradecarnivora, general sterility of the, in captivity, ii.151.
Plants, progress of cultivation of, i. 305-312;
cultivated, their geographical derivation, i. 311;
crossing of, ii.98,99,127;
comparative fertility of wild and cultivated, ii.112-113;
self-impotent, ii.131-140;
dimorphic and trimorphic, ii.132,140;
sterility of, from changed conditions, ii.163-165;
from contabescence of anthers, ii.165-166;
from monstrosities, ii.166-167;
from doubling of the flowers, ii.167-168;
from seedless fruit, ii.168;
from excessive development of vegetative organs, ii.168-171;
influence of selection on, ii.199-201;
variation by selection, in useful parts of, ii.217-219;
variability of, ii.237;
variability of, induced by crossing, ii.265;
direct action of change of climate on, ii.277;
change of period of vegetation in, ii.304-305;
varieties of, suitable to different climates, ii.306;
correlated variability of, ii.330-331;
antiquity of races of, ii.429.
Plasticity, inheritance of, ii.241.
Plateau, F., on the vision of amphibious animals, ii.223.
Platessa flesus, ii.53.
Plato, notice of selection in breeding dogs by, ii.212.
Plicapolonica, ii.276.
Pliny, on the crossing of shepherd's dogs with the wolf, i. 24;
on Pyrrhus' breed of cattle, ii.202;
on the estimation of pigeons among the Romans, i. 205;
pears described by, ii.215.
Plum, i. 345-347;
stones figured, i. 345;
varieties of the, i. 345-346, ii.219;
bud-variation in the, i. 375;
peculiar disease of the, ii.227;
flower-buds of, destroyed by bullfinches, ii.232;
purple-fruited, liable to certain diseases, ii.336.
Plumage, inherited peculiarities of, in pigeons, i. 160-161;
sexual peculiarities of, in fowls, i. 251-255.
Pluralityof races, Pouchet's views on, i. 2.
Poa, seeds of, used as food, i. 308;
species of, propagated by bulblets, ii.170.
Podoliancattle, i. 80.
Pointers, modification of, i. 42;
crossed with the foxhound, ii.95.
Poissans parchemin, ii.231.
Poiteau, origin ofCytisus Adami, i. 390;
origin of cultivated varieties of fruit-trees, ii.260.
Polishfowl, i. 227, 250, 254, 256-257, 262;
skull figured, i. 262;
section of skull figured, i. 263;
development of protuberance of skull, i. 250;
furcula figured, i. 268.
Polish, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108.
Pollen, ii.363-364;
action of, ii.108;
injurious action of, in some orchids, ii.134-135;
resistance of, to injurious treatment, ii.164;
prepotency of, ii.187.
Pollock, Sir F., transmission of variegated leaves inBallota nigra, i. 383;
on local tendency to variegation, ii.274.
Polyanthus, ii.21.
Polydactylism, inheritance of, ii.12-16;
significance of, ii.16-17.
Polyplectron, i. 255.
Ponies, most frequent on islands and mountains, i. 52;
Javanese, i. 53.
Poole, Col., on striped Indian horses, i. 58, 59;
on the young ofAsinus indicus, ii.43.
Poplar, Lombardy, i. 361.
Pöppig, on Cuban wild dogs, i. 27.
Poppy, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317, 319;
with the stamens converted into pistils, i. 365;
differences of the, in different parts of India, ii.165;
monstrous, fertility of, ii.166;
black-seeded, antiquity of, ii.429.
Porcupine, breeding of, in captivity, ii.152.
Porcupinefamily, ii.4,76.
Porphyrio, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii.156.
Portal, on a peculiar hereditary affection of the eye, ii.9.
PortoSanto, feral rabbits of, i. 112.
Potamochœrus penicillatus, ii.150.
Potato, i. 330-331;
bud-variation by tubers in the, i. 384-385;
graft-hybrid of, by union of half-tubers, i. 395;
individual self-impotence in the, ii.137;
sterility of, ii.169;
advantage of change of soil to the, ii.146;
relation of tubers and flowers in the, ii.343.
Potato, sweet, sterility of the, in China, ii.169;
varieties of the, suited to different climates, ii.309.
Pouchet, M., his views on plurality of races, i. 2.
Pouterpigeons, i. 137-139;
furcula figured, i. 167;
history of, i. 207.
Powis, Lord, experiments in crossing humped and English cattle, i. 83, ii.45.
Poynter, Mr., on a graft-hybrid rose, i. 396.
Prairiewolf, i. 22.
Precocityof highly-improved breeds, ii.321.
Prepotencyof pollen, ii.187.
Prepotencyof transmission of character, ii.65,174;
in the Austrian emperors and some Roman families, ii.65;
in cattle, ii.65-66;
in sheep, ii.66;
in cats,ibid.;
in pigeons, ii.66-67;
in fowls, ii.67;
in plants,ibid.;
in a variety of the pumpkin, i. 358;
in the jackal over the dog, ii.67;
in the ass over the horse,ibid.;
in the pheasant over the fowl, ii.68;
in the penguin duck over the Egyptian goose,ibid.;
discussion of the phenomena of, ii.69-71.
Prescott, Mr., on the earliest known European flower-garden, ii.217.
Pressure, mechanical, a cause of modification, ii.344-345.
Prevostand Dumas, on the employment of several spermatozoids to fertilise one ovule, ii.363.
Price, Mr., variations in the structure of the feet in horses, i. 50.
Prichard, Dr., on polydactylism in the negro, ii.14;
on the Lambert family, ii.77;
on an albino negro, ii.229;
on Plica polonica, ii.276.
Primrose, ii.21;
double, rendered single by transplantation, ii.167.
Primula, intercrossing of species of, i. 336;
contabescence in, ii.166;
hose and hose, i. 365;
with coloured calyces, sterility of, ii.166.
Primula sinensis, reciprocally dimorphic, ii.132.
Primula veris, ii.21,109,182.
Primula vulgaris, ii.21,109.
Prince, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352.
Procyon, sterility of, in captivity, ii.152.
Prolificacy, increased by domestication, ii.174.
Propagation, rapidity of, favourable to selection, ii.297.
Protozoa, reproduction of the, ii.376.
Prunus armeniaca, i. 344-345.
Prunus avium, i. 347.
Prunus cerasus, i. 347, 375.
Prunus domestica, i. 345.
Prunus insititia, i. 345-347.
Prunus spinosa, i. 345.
Prussia, wild horses in, i. 60.
Psittacus erithacus, ii.155.
Psittacus macoa, ii.155.
Psophia, general sterility of, in captivity, ii.157.
Ptarmiganfowls, i. 228.
Pulex penetrans, ii.275.
Pumpkins, i. 357.
Punoponies of the Cordillera, i. 52.
Purser, Mr. onCytisus Adami, i. 389.
Pusey, Mr., preference of hares and rabbits for common rye, ii.232.
Putscheand Vertuch, varieties of the potato, i. 330.
Puvis, effects of foreign pollen on apples, i. 401;
supposed non-variability of monotypic genera, ii.266.
Pyrrhula vulgaris, ii.232;
assumption of the hen-plumage by the male, in confinement, ii.158.
Pyrrhus, his breed of cattle, ii.202.
Pyrus, fastigate Chinese species of, ii.277.
Pyrus acerba, i. 348.
Pyrus aucuparia, ii.230.
Pyrus communis, i. 350, 376.
Pyrus malus, i. 348, 376.
Pyrus paradisiaca, i. 348.
Pyrus præcox, i. 348.