Sabine, Mr., on the cultivation ofRosa spinosissima, i. 367;on the cultivation of the dahlia, i. 369-370, ii.261;effect of foreign pollen on the seed-vessel inAmaryllis vittata, i. 400.St. Ange, influence of the pelvis on the shape of the kidneys in birds, ii.344.St. Domingo, wild dogs of, i. 28;bud-variation of dahlias in, i. 385.St. Hilaire, Aug., milk furnished by cows in South America, ii.300;husked form of maize, i. 320.St. John, C., feral cats in Scotland, i. 47;taming of wild ducks, i. 278.St. Valeryapple, singular structure of the, i. 350;artificial fecundation of the, i. 401.St. Vitus'Dance, period of appearance of, ii.77.Sageret, origin and varieties of the cherry, i. 347-348;origin of varieties of the apple, i. 350;incapacity of the cucumber for crossing with other species, i. 359;varieties of the melon, i. 360;supposed twin-mongrel melon, i. 391;crossing melons, ii.108,129;on gourds, ii.108;effects of selection in enlarging fruit, ii.217;on the tendency to depart from type, ii.241;variation of plants in particular soils, ii.278.Salamander, experiments on the, ii.293,341;regeneration of lost parts in the, ii.15,376,385.Salamandra cristata, polydactylism in, ii.14.Salisbury, Mr., on the production of nectarines by peach-trees, i. 341;on the dahlia, i. 369-370.Salix, intercrossing of species of, i. 336.Salix humilis, galls of, ii.282,283.Sallé, feral guinea-fowl in St. Domingo, i. 294.Salmon, early breeding of male, ii.384.Salter, Mr., on bud-variation in pelargoniums, i. 378;in the Chrysanthemum, i. 379;transmission of variegated leaves by seed, i. 383;bud-variation by suckers inPhlox, i. 384;application of selection to bud-varieties of plants, i. 411;accumulative effect of changed conditions of life, ii.262;on the variegation of strawberry leaves, ii.274.Salter, S. J., hybrids ofGallus Sonneratiiand the common fowl, i. 234, ii.45;crossing of races or species of rats, ii.87-88.Samesreuther, on inheritance in cattle, ii.10.Sandford.SeeDawkins.Sap, ascent of the, ii.296.Saponaria calabrica, ii.20.Sardinia, ponies of, i. 52.Sars, on the development of the hydroida, ii.368.Satiationof the stigma, i. 402-403.Saturnia pyri, sterility of, in confinement, ii.157.Saul, on the management of prize gooseberries, i. 356.Sauvigny, varieties of the goldfish, i. 296.Savages, their indiscriminate use of plants as food, i. 307-310;fondness of, for taming animals, ii.160.Savi, effect of foreign pollen on maize, i. 400.Saxifraga geum, ii.166.Sayzid Mohammed Musari, on carrier-pigeons, i. 141;on a pigeon which utters the sound "Yahu," i. 155.Scanderoons(pigeons), i. 142, 143.Scania, remains ofBos frontosusfound in, i. 81.Scapula, characters of, in rabbits, i. 123;in fowls, i. 268;in pigeons, i. 167;alteration of, by disuse, in pigeons, i. 175.Scarletfever, ii.276.Schaaffhausen, on the horses represented in Greek statues, ii.213.Schacht, H., on adventitious buds, ii.384.Schleiden, excess of nourishment a cause of variability, ii.257.Schomburgk, Sir R., on the dogs of the Indians of Guiana, i. 19, 23, ii.206;on the musk duck, i. 182;bud-variation in the Banana, i. 377;reversion of varieties of the China rose in St. Domingo, i. 380;sterility of tame parrots in Guiana, ii.155;onDendrocygna viduata, ii.157;selection of fowls in Guiana, ii.209.Schreibers, onProteus, ii.297.Sciuropterus volucella, ii.152.Sciurus palmarumandcinerea, ii.152.Sclater, P. L., onAsinus tæniopus, i. 62, ii.41;onAsinus indicus, ii.42;striped character of young wild pigs, i. 70;osteology ofGallinula nesiotis, i. 287;on the black-shouldered peacock, i. 290;on the breeding of birds in captivity, ii.157.Schmerling, Dr., varieties of the dog, found in a cave, i. 19.Scotchfir, local variation of, i. 363.Scotchkail and cabbage, cross between, ii.98.Scott, John, irregularities in the sex of the flowers of Maize, i. 321;bud-variation inImatophyllum miniatum, i. 385;crossing of species ofVerbascum, ii.106-107;experiments on crossingPrimulæ, ii.109;reproduction of orchids, ii.133;fertility ofOncidium divaricatum, ii.164;acclimatisation of the sweet pea in India, ii.311;number of seeds inAcroperaandGongora, ii.379.Scott, Sir W., former range of wild cattle in Britain, i. 85.Scrope, on the Scotch deerhound, ii.73,121.Sebright, Sir John, effects of close interbreeding in dogs, ii.121;care taken by, in selection of fowls, ii.197.Secale cereale, ii.254.Sedgwick, W., effects of crossing on the female, i. 404;on the "Porcupine-man," ii.4;on hereditary diseases, ii.7;hereditary affections of the eye, ii.9,78-79;inheritance of polydactylism and anomalies of the extremities, ii.13-14;morbid uniformity in the same family, ii.17;on deaf-mutes, ii.22;inheritance of injury to the eye, ii.24;atavism in diseases and anomalies of structure, ii.34;non-reversion to night-blindness, ii.36;sexual limitation of the transmission of peculiarities in man, ii.72-73;on the effects of hard-drinking, ii.289;inherited baldness with deficiency of teeth, ii.326-327;occurrence of a molar tooth in place of an incisor, ii.391;diseases occurring in alternate generations, ii.401.Sedillot, on the removal of portions of bone, ii.296.Seeds, early selection of, ii.204;rudimentary, in grapes, ii.316;relative position of, in the capsule, ii.345.Seedsand buds, close analogies of, i. 411.Seemann, B., crossing of the wolf and Esquimaux dog, i. 22.Selby, P. J., on the bud-destroying habits of the bullfinch, ii.232.Selection, ii.192-249;methodical, i. 214, ii.194-210;by the ancients and semi-civilised people, ii.201-210;of trifling characters, ii.208-210;unconscious, i. 214, 217, ii.174,210-217;effects of, shown by differences in most valued parts, ii.217-220;produced by accumulation of variability, ii.220-223;natural, as affecting domestic productions, ii.185-189,224-233;as the origin of species, genera and other groups, ii.429-432;circumstances favourable to, ii.233-239;tendency of towards extremes, ii.239-242;possible limit of, ii.242;influence of time on, ii.243-244;summary of subject, ii.246-249;effects of, in modifying breeds of cattle, i. 92, 93;in preserving the purity of breeds of sheep, i. 99-100;in producing varieties of pigeons, i. 213-218;in breeding fowls, i. 232-233;in the goose, i. 289;in the canary, i. 295;in the goldfish, i. 296;in the silkworm, i. 300-301;contrasted in cabbages and cereals, i. 323;in the white mulberry, i. 334;on gooseberries, i. 356;applied to wheat, i. 317-318;exemplified in carrots, &c., i. 326;in the potato, i. 331;in the melon, i. 360;in flowering plants, i. 365;in the hyacinth, i. 371;applied to bud-varieties of plants, i. 411;illustrations of, ii.421-428.Selection, sexual, ii.75.Self-impotencein plants, ii.131-140;in individual plants, ii.136-138;of hybrids, ii.174.Selwyn, Mr., on the Dingo, i. 26.Selys-Longchamps, on hybrid ducks, i. 190, ii.46,157;hybrid of the hook-billed duck and Egyptian goose, i. 282.Seringe, on the St. Valery apple, i. 350.SerpentMelon, i. 360.Serres, Olivier de, wild poultry in Guiana, i. 237.Sesamum, white-seeded, antiquity of the, ii.429.Setaria, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317.Setters, degeneration of, in India, i. 38;Youatt's remarks on, i. 41.Sex, secondary characters of, latent, ii.51-52;of parents, influence of, on hybrids, ii.267.Sexualcharacters, sometimes lost in domestication, ii.74.Sexuallimitation of characters, ii.71-75.Sexualpeculiarities, induced by domestication in sheep, i. 95;in fowls, i. 251-257;transfer of, i. 255-257.Sexualvariability in pigeons, i. 161-162.Sexualselection, ii.75.Shaddock, i. 335.Shailer, Mr., on the moss-rose, i. 379-380.Shanghaifowls, i. 227.Shanghaisheep, their fecundity, i. 97.Shanponies, striped, i. 58.Sheep, disputed origin of, i. 94;early domestication of, i. 94;large-tailed, i. 94, 95, 98, ii.279;variations in horns, mammæ and other characters of, i. 95;sexual characters of, induced by domestication, i. 95, 96;adaptation of, to climate and pasture, i. 96, 97;periods of gestation of, i. 97;effect of heat on the fleece of, i. 98-99, ii.278;effect of selection on, i. 99-101;"ancon" or "otter" breeds of, i. 17, 92, 100;"Mauchamp-merino," i. 100-101;cross of German and merino, ii.85-89;black, of the Tarentino, ii.227;Karakool, ii.278;Jaffna, with callosities on the knees, ii.302;Chinese, ii.315;Danish, of the bronze period, ii.427;polydactylism in, ii.14;occasional production of horns in hornless breeds of, ii.30;reversion of colour in, ii.30;influence of male, on offspring, ii.68;sexual differences in, ii.73;influence of crossing or segregation on, ii.86,95-96,102-103;interbreeding of, ii.119-120;effect of nourishment on the fertility of, ii.111-112;diminished fertility of, under certain conditions, ii.161;unconscious selection of, ii.213;natural selection in breeds of, ii.224,225,227;reduction of bones in, ii.242;individual differences of, ii.251;local changes in the fleece of, in England, ii.278;partial degeneration of, in Australia, ii.278;with numerous horns, ii.291;correlation of horns and fleece in, ii.326;feeding on flesh, ii.303;acclimatisation of, ii.305-306;mountain, resistance of, to severe weather, ii.312;white, poisoned byHypericum crispum, ii.337.Sheepdogs resembling wolves, i. 24.Shells, sinistral and dextral, ii.53.Sheriff, Mr. new varieties of wheat, i. 315, 317;on crossing wheat, ii.104-105;continuous variation of wheat, ii.241.Siam, cats of, i. 47; horses of, i. 53.Shirley, E. P., on the fallow-deer, ii.103,120.Short, D., hybrids of the domestic cat andFelis ornata, i, 45.Siberia, northern range of wild horses in, i. 52.Sichel, J., on the deafness of white cats with blue eyes, ii.329.Sidney, S., on the pedigrees of pigs, ii.3;on cross-reversion in pigs, ii.35;period of gestation in the pig, i. 74;production of breeds of pigs by intercrossing, i. 78, 95;fertility of the pig, ii.112;effects of interbreeding on pigs, ii.121-122;on the colours of pigs, ii.210,229.Siebold, on the sweet potato, ii.309.Siebold, von Carl, on parthenogenesis, ii.364.Silene, contabescence in, ii.166.Silk-fowls, i. 230, ii.67,69.Silk-moth, Arrindy, ii.306,312;Tarroo, ii.157.Silk-moths, i. 300-304;domesticated species of, i. 300;history of,ibid.;causes of modification in, i. 300-301;differences presented by, i. 301-304;crossing of, ii.98;disease in, ii.228;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.298;selection practised with, ii.197,199;variation of, ii.236;parthenogenesis in, ii.364.Silkworms, variations of, i. 301-302;yielding white cocoons, less liable to disease, ii.336.Silver-Greyrabbit, i. 108, 111, 120.Simonds, J. B., period of maturity in various breeds of cattle, i. 87;differences in the periods of dentition in sheep, i. 96;on the teeth in cattle, sheep, &c., ii.322;on the breeding of superior rams, ii.196.Simon, on the raising of eggs of the silk-moth in China, ii.197.Simpson, Sir J., regenerative power of the human embryo, ii.15.Siredon, breeding in the branchiferous stage, ii.384.Siskin, breeding in captivity, ii.154.Sivatherium, resemblance of the, to Niata cattle, i. 89.Size, difference of, an obstacle to crossing, ii.101.Skin, and its appendages, homologous, ii.325;hereditary affections of the, ii.79.Skirving, R. S., on pigeons settling on trees in Egypt, i. 181.Skull, characters of the, in breeds of dogs, i. 34;in breeds of pigs, i. 71;in rabbits, i. 116-120, 127;in breeds of pigeons, i. 163-165;in breeds of fowls, i. 260-266;in ducks, i. 282-283.Skulland horns, correlation of the, ii.333.Skylark, ii.154.Sleeman, on the Cheetah, ii.151.Sloe, i. 345.Small-pox, ii.378.Smiter(pigeon), i. 156.Smith, Sir A., on Caffrarian cattle, i. 88;on the use of numerous plants as food in South Africa, i. 307.Smith, Colonel Hamilton, on the odour of the jackal, i. 30;on the origin of the dog, i. 16;wild dogs in St. Domingo, i. 28;on the Thibet mastiff and the alco, i. 28-29;development of the fifth toe in the hind feet of mastiffs, i. 35;differences in the skull of dogs, i. 34;history of the pointer, i. 42;on the ears of the dog, ii.301;on the breeds of horses, i. 49;origin of the horse, i. 51;dappling of horses, i. 55;striped horses in Spain, i. 58;original colour of the horse, i. 60;on horses scraping away snow, i. 52;onAsinus hemionus, ii.43;feral pigs of Jamaica, i. 77-78.Smith, Sir J. E., production of nectarines and peaches by the same tree, i. 340;onViola amœna, i. 368;sterility ofVinca minorin England, ii.170.Smith, J., development of the ovary inBonatea speciosa, by irritation of the stigma, i. 403.Smith, N. H., influence of the bull "Favourite" on the breed of Short-horn cattle, ii.65.Smith, W., on the inter-crossing of strawberries, i. 352.Snake-rat, ii.87,88.Snakes, form of the viscera in, ii.344.Snapdragon, bud-variation in, i. 381;non-inheritance of colour in, ii.21;peloric, crossed with the normal form, ii.70,93;asymmetrical variation of the, ii.322.Soil, adaptation of plums to, i. 346;influence of, on the zones of pelargoniums, i. 366;on roses, i. 367;on the variegation of leaves, i. 383;advantages of change of, ii.146-148.Soiland climate, effects of, on strawberries, i. 353.Solanum, non-intercrossing of species of, ii.91.Solanum tuberosum, i. 330-331.Solid-hoofedpigs, i. 75.Solomon, his stud of horses, i. 55.Somerville, Lord, on the fleece of Merino sheep, i. 99;on crossing sheep, ii.120;on selection of sheep, ii.195;diminished fertility of Merino sheep brought from Spain, ii.161.Sootyfowls, i. 230, 256.Soto, Ferdinand de, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312.Sorghum, i. 371.Spain, hawthorn monogynous in, i. 364.Spallanzani, on feral rabbits in Lipari, i. 113;experiments on salamanders, ii.15,293,385;experiments in feeding a pigeon with meat, ii.304.Spaniels, in India, i. 38;King Charles's, i. 41;degeneration of, caused by interbreeding, ii.121.Spanishfowls, i. 227, 250, 253;figured, i. 226;early development of sexual characters in, i. 250, 251;furcula of, figured, i. 268.Species, difficulty of distinguishing from varieties, i. 4;conversion of varieties into, i. 5;origin of, by natural selection, ii.414-415;by mutual sterility of varieties, ii.185-189.Spencer, Lord, on selection in breeding, ii.195.Spencer, Herbert, on the "survival of the fittest," i. 6;increase of fertility by domestication, ii.111;on life, ii.148,177;changes produced by external conditions, ii.281;effects of use on organs, ii.295,296;ascent of the sap in trees, ii.296;correlation exemplified in the Irish elk, ii.333-334;on "physiological units," ii.375;antagonism of growth and reproduction, ii.384;formation of ducts in plants, ii.300.Spermatophoresof the cephalopoda, ii.383.Spermatozoids, ii.363-364;apparent independence of, in insects, ii.384.Sphingidæ, sterility of, in captivity, ii.157.Spinola, on the injurious effect produced by flowering buckwheat on white pigs, ii.337.Spitzdog, i. 31.Spooner, W. C., cross-breeding of sheep, i. 100, ii.95-96,120;on the effects of crossing, ii.96-97;on crossing cattle, ii.118;individual sterility, ii.162.Spores, reproduction of abnormal forms by, i. 383.Sports, i. 373; in pigeons, i. 213.Spotpigeon, i. 156, 207.Sprengel, C. K., on dichogamous plants, ii.90;on the hollyhock, ii.107;on the functions of flowers, ii.175.Sproule, Mr., inheritance of cleft-palate and hare-lip, ii.24.Spurs, of fowls, i. 255;development of, in hens, ii.318.Squashes, i. 357.Squinting, hereditary, ii.9.Squirrels, generally sterile in captivity, ii.152.Squirrels, flying, breeding in confinement, ii.152."StaarhalsigeTaube," i. 161.Stag, one-horned, supposed heredity of character in, ii.12;degeneracy of, in the Highlands, ii.208.Stamens, occurrence of rudimentary, ii.316;conversion of, into pistils, i. 365;into petals, ii.392.Staphylea, ii.168.Steenstrup, Prof., on the dog of the Danish Middens, i. 18;on the obliquity of flounders, ii.53.Steinan, J., on hereditary diseases, ii.7,79.Sterility, in dogs, consequent on close confinement, i. 32;comparative, of crosses, ii.103,104;from changed conditions of life, ii.148-165;occurring in the descendants of wild animals bred in captivity, ii.160;individual, ii.162;resulting from propagation by buds, cuttings, bulbs, &c., ii.169;in hybrids, ii.178-180,386,410-411;in specific hybrids of pigeons, i. 193;as connected with natural selection, ii.185-189.Sternum, characters of the, in rabbits, i. 123;in pigeons, i. 167, 174-175;in fowls, i. 268, 273;effects of disuse on the, i. 174-175, 273.Stephens, J. F., on the habits of the Bombycidæ, i. 303.Stewart, H., on hereditary disease, ii.79.Stigma, variation of the, in cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 359;satiation of the, i. 402-403.Stocks, bud-variation in, i. 381;effect of crossing upon the colour of the seed of, i. 398-399;true by seed, ii.20;crosses of, ii.93;varieties of, produced by selection, ii.219;reversion by the upper seeds in the pods of, ii.347-348.Stockholm, fruit-trees of, ii.307.Stokes, Prof., calculation of the chance of transmission of abnormal peculiarities in man, ii.5.Stolons, variations in the production of, by strawberries, i. 353.Stomach, structure of the, affected by food, ii.302.Stonein the bladder, hereditary, ii.8,79.Strawberries, i. 351-354;remarkable varieties of, i. 352-353;hautbois, diœcious, i. 353;selection in, ii.200;mildew of, ii.228;probable further modification of, ii.243;variegated, effects of soil on, ii.274.Strickland, A., on the domestication ofAnser ferus, i. 287;on the colour of the bill and legs in geese, i. 288.Strictœnas, i. 183.Stripeson young of wild swine, i. 76;of domestic pigs of Turkey, Westphalia, and the Zambesi, i. 76-77;of feral swine of Jamaica and New Granada, i. 77;of fruit and flowers, i. 400, ii.37;in horses, i. 56-60;in the ass, i. 62-63;production of, by crossing species of Equidæ, ii.42-43.Strix grallaria, ii.302.Strix passerina, ii.154."Strupp-Taube," i. 155.Struthers, Mr., osteology of the feet in solid-hoofed pigs, i. 75;on polydactylism, ii.13-14.Sturm, prepotency of transmission of characters in sheep and cattle, ii.66;absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii.88;correlation of twisted horns and curled wool in sheep, ii.326.Sub-species, wild, ofColumba liviaand other pigeons, i. 204.Succession, geological, of organisms, i. 11.Suckers, bud-variation by, i. 384.Sugarcane, sterility of, in various countries, ii.169;white, liability of, to disease, ii.228,336.Suicide, hereditary tendency to, ii.7,78.Sulivan, Admiral, on the horses of the Falkland Islands, i. 53;wild pigs of the Falkland Islands, i. 77;feral cattle of the Falkland Islands, i. 86, 102;feral rabbits of the Falkland Islands, i. 112.Sultanfowl, i. 228, 255.Sus indica, i. 65, 67-70, ii.110.Sus pliciceps, i. 69 (figured).Sus scrofa, i. 65, 66, ii.110.Sus scrofa palustris, i. 68.Sus vittatus, i. 67.Swallows, a breed of pigeons, i. 156.Swayne, Mr., on artificial crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397.SweetPeas, ii.91;crosses of, ii.93,94;varieties of, coming true by seed, ii.20;acclimatisation of, in India, ii.311.SweetWilliam, bud-variation in, i. 381.Swinhoe, R., on Chinese pigeons, i. 28, 206;on striped Chinese horses, i. 59.Switzerland, ancient dogs of, i. 19;pigs of, in the Neolithic period, i. 67-68;goats of, i. 101.Sycamore, pale-leaved variety of the, ii.330.Sykes, Colonel, on a Pariah dog with crooked legs, i. 17;on small Indian asses, i. 62;onGallus Sonneratii, i. 233;on the voice of the Indian Kulm cock, i. 259;fertility of the fowl in most climates, ii.161.Symmetry, hereditary departures from, ii.12.Symphytum, variegated, i. 384.Syphilis, hereditary, ii.332.Syria, asses of, i. 62.Syringa persica,chinensis, andvulgaris, ii.164.
Sabine, Mr., on the cultivation ofRosa spinosissima, i. 367;on the cultivation of the dahlia, i. 369-370, ii.261;effect of foreign pollen on the seed-vessel inAmaryllis vittata, i. 400.St. Ange, influence of the pelvis on the shape of the kidneys in birds, ii.344.St. Domingo, wild dogs of, i. 28;bud-variation of dahlias in, i. 385.St. Hilaire, Aug., milk furnished by cows in South America, ii.300;husked form of maize, i. 320.St. John, C., feral cats in Scotland, i. 47;taming of wild ducks, i. 278.St. Valeryapple, singular structure of the, i. 350;artificial fecundation of the, i. 401.St. Vitus'Dance, period of appearance of, ii.77.Sageret, origin and varieties of the cherry, i. 347-348;origin of varieties of the apple, i. 350;incapacity of the cucumber for crossing with other species, i. 359;varieties of the melon, i. 360;supposed twin-mongrel melon, i. 391;crossing melons, ii.108,129;on gourds, ii.108;effects of selection in enlarging fruit, ii.217;on the tendency to depart from type, ii.241;variation of plants in particular soils, ii.278.Salamander, experiments on the, ii.293,341;regeneration of lost parts in the, ii.15,376,385.Salamandra cristata, polydactylism in, ii.14.Salisbury, Mr., on the production of nectarines by peach-trees, i. 341;on the dahlia, i. 369-370.Salix, intercrossing of species of, i. 336.Salix humilis, galls of, ii.282,283.Sallé, feral guinea-fowl in St. Domingo, i. 294.Salmon, early breeding of male, ii.384.Salter, Mr., on bud-variation in pelargoniums, i. 378;in the Chrysanthemum, i. 379;transmission of variegated leaves by seed, i. 383;bud-variation by suckers inPhlox, i. 384;application of selection to bud-varieties of plants, i. 411;accumulative effect of changed conditions of life, ii.262;on the variegation of strawberry leaves, ii.274.Salter, S. J., hybrids ofGallus Sonneratiiand the common fowl, i. 234, ii.45;crossing of races or species of rats, ii.87-88.Samesreuther, on inheritance in cattle, ii.10.Sandford.SeeDawkins.Sap, ascent of the, ii.296.Saponaria calabrica, ii.20.Sardinia, ponies of, i. 52.Sars, on the development of the hydroida, ii.368.Satiationof the stigma, i. 402-403.Saturnia pyri, sterility of, in confinement, ii.157.Saul, on the management of prize gooseberries, i. 356.Sauvigny, varieties of the goldfish, i. 296.Savages, their indiscriminate use of plants as food, i. 307-310;fondness of, for taming animals, ii.160.Savi, effect of foreign pollen on maize, i. 400.Saxifraga geum, ii.166.Sayzid Mohammed Musari, on carrier-pigeons, i. 141;on a pigeon which utters the sound "Yahu," i. 155.Scanderoons(pigeons), i. 142, 143.Scania, remains ofBos frontosusfound in, i. 81.Scapula, characters of, in rabbits, i. 123;in fowls, i. 268;in pigeons, i. 167;alteration of, by disuse, in pigeons, i. 175.Scarletfever, ii.276.Schaaffhausen, on the horses represented in Greek statues, ii.213.Schacht, H., on adventitious buds, ii.384.Schleiden, excess of nourishment a cause of variability, ii.257.Schomburgk, Sir R., on the dogs of the Indians of Guiana, i. 19, 23, ii.206;on the musk duck, i. 182;bud-variation in the Banana, i. 377;reversion of varieties of the China rose in St. Domingo, i. 380;sterility of tame parrots in Guiana, ii.155;onDendrocygna viduata, ii.157;selection of fowls in Guiana, ii.209.Schreibers, onProteus, ii.297.Sciuropterus volucella, ii.152.Sciurus palmarumandcinerea, ii.152.Sclater, P. L., onAsinus tæniopus, i. 62, ii.41;onAsinus indicus, ii.42;striped character of young wild pigs, i. 70;osteology ofGallinula nesiotis, i. 287;on the black-shouldered peacock, i. 290;on the breeding of birds in captivity, ii.157.Schmerling, Dr., varieties of the dog, found in a cave, i. 19.Scotchfir, local variation of, i. 363.Scotchkail and cabbage, cross between, ii.98.Scott, John, irregularities in the sex of the flowers of Maize, i. 321;bud-variation inImatophyllum miniatum, i. 385;crossing of species ofVerbascum, ii.106-107;experiments on crossingPrimulæ, ii.109;reproduction of orchids, ii.133;fertility ofOncidium divaricatum, ii.164;acclimatisation of the sweet pea in India, ii.311;number of seeds inAcroperaandGongora, ii.379.Scott, Sir W., former range of wild cattle in Britain, i. 85.Scrope, on the Scotch deerhound, ii.73,121.Sebright, Sir John, effects of close interbreeding in dogs, ii.121;care taken by, in selection of fowls, ii.197.Secale cereale, ii.254.Sedgwick, W., effects of crossing on the female, i. 404;on the "Porcupine-man," ii.4;on hereditary diseases, ii.7;hereditary affections of the eye, ii.9,78-79;inheritance of polydactylism and anomalies of the extremities, ii.13-14;morbid uniformity in the same family, ii.17;on deaf-mutes, ii.22;inheritance of injury to the eye, ii.24;atavism in diseases and anomalies of structure, ii.34;non-reversion to night-blindness, ii.36;sexual limitation of the transmission of peculiarities in man, ii.72-73;on the effects of hard-drinking, ii.289;inherited baldness with deficiency of teeth, ii.326-327;occurrence of a molar tooth in place of an incisor, ii.391;diseases occurring in alternate generations, ii.401.Sedillot, on the removal of portions of bone, ii.296.Seeds, early selection of, ii.204;rudimentary, in grapes, ii.316;relative position of, in the capsule, ii.345.Seedsand buds, close analogies of, i. 411.Seemann, B., crossing of the wolf and Esquimaux dog, i. 22.Selby, P. J., on the bud-destroying habits of the bullfinch, ii.232.Selection, ii.192-249;methodical, i. 214, ii.194-210;by the ancients and semi-civilised people, ii.201-210;of trifling characters, ii.208-210;unconscious, i. 214, 217, ii.174,210-217;effects of, shown by differences in most valued parts, ii.217-220;produced by accumulation of variability, ii.220-223;natural, as affecting domestic productions, ii.185-189,224-233;as the origin of species, genera and other groups, ii.429-432;circumstances favourable to, ii.233-239;tendency of towards extremes, ii.239-242;possible limit of, ii.242;influence of time on, ii.243-244;summary of subject, ii.246-249;effects of, in modifying breeds of cattle, i. 92, 93;in preserving the purity of breeds of sheep, i. 99-100;in producing varieties of pigeons, i. 213-218;in breeding fowls, i. 232-233;in the goose, i. 289;in the canary, i. 295;in the goldfish, i. 296;in the silkworm, i. 300-301;contrasted in cabbages and cereals, i. 323;in the white mulberry, i. 334;on gooseberries, i. 356;applied to wheat, i. 317-318;exemplified in carrots, &c., i. 326;in the potato, i. 331;in the melon, i. 360;in flowering plants, i. 365;in the hyacinth, i. 371;applied to bud-varieties of plants, i. 411;illustrations of, ii.421-428.Selection, sexual, ii.75.Self-impotencein plants, ii.131-140;in individual plants, ii.136-138;of hybrids, ii.174.Selwyn, Mr., on the Dingo, i. 26.Selys-Longchamps, on hybrid ducks, i. 190, ii.46,157;hybrid of the hook-billed duck and Egyptian goose, i. 282.Seringe, on the St. Valery apple, i. 350.SerpentMelon, i. 360.Serres, Olivier de, wild poultry in Guiana, i. 237.Sesamum, white-seeded, antiquity of the, ii.429.Setaria, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317.Setters, degeneration of, in India, i. 38;Youatt's remarks on, i. 41.Sex, secondary characters of, latent, ii.51-52;of parents, influence of, on hybrids, ii.267.Sexualcharacters, sometimes lost in domestication, ii.74.Sexuallimitation of characters, ii.71-75.Sexualpeculiarities, induced by domestication in sheep, i. 95;in fowls, i. 251-257;transfer of, i. 255-257.Sexualvariability in pigeons, i. 161-162.Sexualselection, ii.75.Shaddock, i. 335.Shailer, Mr., on the moss-rose, i. 379-380.Shanghaifowls, i. 227.Shanghaisheep, their fecundity, i. 97.Shanponies, striped, i. 58.Sheep, disputed origin of, i. 94;early domestication of, i. 94;large-tailed, i. 94, 95, 98, ii.279;variations in horns, mammæ and other characters of, i. 95;sexual characters of, induced by domestication, i. 95, 96;adaptation of, to climate and pasture, i. 96, 97;periods of gestation of, i. 97;effect of heat on the fleece of, i. 98-99, ii.278;effect of selection on, i. 99-101;"ancon" or "otter" breeds of, i. 17, 92, 100;"Mauchamp-merino," i. 100-101;cross of German and merino, ii.85-89;black, of the Tarentino, ii.227;Karakool, ii.278;Jaffna, with callosities on the knees, ii.302;Chinese, ii.315;Danish, of the bronze period, ii.427;polydactylism in, ii.14;occasional production of horns in hornless breeds of, ii.30;reversion of colour in, ii.30;influence of male, on offspring, ii.68;sexual differences in, ii.73;influence of crossing or segregation on, ii.86,95-96,102-103;interbreeding of, ii.119-120;effect of nourishment on the fertility of, ii.111-112;diminished fertility of, under certain conditions, ii.161;unconscious selection of, ii.213;natural selection in breeds of, ii.224,225,227;reduction of bones in, ii.242;individual differences of, ii.251;local changes in the fleece of, in England, ii.278;partial degeneration of, in Australia, ii.278;with numerous horns, ii.291;correlation of horns and fleece in, ii.326;feeding on flesh, ii.303;acclimatisation of, ii.305-306;mountain, resistance of, to severe weather, ii.312;white, poisoned byHypericum crispum, ii.337.Sheepdogs resembling wolves, i. 24.Shells, sinistral and dextral, ii.53.Sheriff, Mr. new varieties of wheat, i. 315, 317;on crossing wheat, ii.104-105;continuous variation of wheat, ii.241.Siam, cats of, i. 47; horses of, i. 53.Shirley, E. P., on the fallow-deer, ii.103,120.Short, D., hybrids of the domestic cat andFelis ornata, i, 45.Siberia, northern range of wild horses in, i. 52.Sichel, J., on the deafness of white cats with blue eyes, ii.329.Sidney, S., on the pedigrees of pigs, ii.3;on cross-reversion in pigs, ii.35;period of gestation in the pig, i. 74;production of breeds of pigs by intercrossing, i. 78, 95;fertility of the pig, ii.112;effects of interbreeding on pigs, ii.121-122;on the colours of pigs, ii.210,229.Siebold, on the sweet potato, ii.309.Siebold, von Carl, on parthenogenesis, ii.364.Silene, contabescence in, ii.166.Silk-fowls, i. 230, ii.67,69.Silk-moth, Arrindy, ii.306,312;Tarroo, ii.157.Silk-moths, i. 300-304;domesticated species of, i. 300;history of,ibid.;causes of modification in, i. 300-301;differences presented by, i. 301-304;crossing of, ii.98;disease in, ii.228;effects of disuse of parts in, ii.298;selection practised with, ii.197,199;variation of, ii.236;parthenogenesis in, ii.364.Silkworms, variations of, i. 301-302;yielding white cocoons, less liable to disease, ii.336.Silver-Greyrabbit, i. 108, 111, 120.Simonds, J. B., period of maturity in various breeds of cattle, i. 87;differences in the periods of dentition in sheep, i. 96;on the teeth in cattle, sheep, &c., ii.322;on the breeding of superior rams, ii.196.Simon, on the raising of eggs of the silk-moth in China, ii.197.Simpson, Sir J., regenerative power of the human embryo, ii.15.Siredon, breeding in the branchiferous stage, ii.384.Siskin, breeding in captivity, ii.154.Sivatherium, resemblance of the, to Niata cattle, i. 89.Size, difference of, an obstacle to crossing, ii.101.Skin, and its appendages, homologous, ii.325;hereditary affections of the, ii.79.Skirving, R. S., on pigeons settling on trees in Egypt, i. 181.Skull, characters of the, in breeds of dogs, i. 34;in breeds of pigs, i. 71;in rabbits, i. 116-120, 127;in breeds of pigeons, i. 163-165;in breeds of fowls, i. 260-266;in ducks, i. 282-283.Skulland horns, correlation of the, ii.333.Skylark, ii.154.Sleeman, on the Cheetah, ii.151.Sloe, i. 345.Small-pox, ii.378.Smiter(pigeon), i. 156.Smith, Sir A., on Caffrarian cattle, i. 88;on the use of numerous plants as food in South Africa, i. 307.Smith, Colonel Hamilton, on the odour of the jackal, i. 30;on the origin of the dog, i. 16;wild dogs in St. Domingo, i. 28;on the Thibet mastiff and the alco, i. 28-29;development of the fifth toe in the hind feet of mastiffs, i. 35;differences in the skull of dogs, i. 34;history of the pointer, i. 42;on the ears of the dog, ii.301;on the breeds of horses, i. 49;origin of the horse, i. 51;dappling of horses, i. 55;striped horses in Spain, i. 58;original colour of the horse, i. 60;on horses scraping away snow, i. 52;onAsinus hemionus, ii.43;feral pigs of Jamaica, i. 77-78.Smith, Sir J. E., production of nectarines and peaches by the same tree, i. 340;onViola amœna, i. 368;sterility ofVinca minorin England, ii.170.Smith, J., development of the ovary inBonatea speciosa, by irritation of the stigma, i. 403.Smith, N. H., influence of the bull "Favourite" on the breed of Short-horn cattle, ii.65.Smith, W., on the inter-crossing of strawberries, i. 352.Snake-rat, ii.87,88.Snakes, form of the viscera in, ii.344.Snapdragon, bud-variation in, i. 381;non-inheritance of colour in, ii.21;peloric, crossed with the normal form, ii.70,93;asymmetrical variation of the, ii.322.Soil, adaptation of plums to, i. 346;influence of, on the zones of pelargoniums, i. 366;on roses, i. 367;on the variegation of leaves, i. 383;advantages of change of, ii.146-148.Soiland climate, effects of, on strawberries, i. 353.Solanum, non-intercrossing of species of, ii.91.Solanum tuberosum, i. 330-331.Solid-hoofedpigs, i. 75.Solomon, his stud of horses, i. 55.Somerville, Lord, on the fleece of Merino sheep, i. 99;on crossing sheep, ii.120;on selection of sheep, ii.195;diminished fertility of Merino sheep brought from Spain, ii.161.Sootyfowls, i. 230, 256.Soto, Ferdinand de, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312.Sorghum, i. 371.Spain, hawthorn monogynous in, i. 364.Spallanzani, on feral rabbits in Lipari, i. 113;experiments on salamanders, ii.15,293,385;experiments in feeding a pigeon with meat, ii.304.Spaniels, in India, i. 38;King Charles's, i. 41;degeneration of, caused by interbreeding, ii.121.Spanishfowls, i. 227, 250, 253;figured, i. 226;early development of sexual characters in, i. 250, 251;furcula of, figured, i. 268.Species, difficulty of distinguishing from varieties, i. 4;conversion of varieties into, i. 5;origin of, by natural selection, ii.414-415;by mutual sterility of varieties, ii.185-189.Spencer, Lord, on selection in breeding, ii.195.Spencer, Herbert, on the "survival of the fittest," i. 6;increase of fertility by domestication, ii.111;on life, ii.148,177;changes produced by external conditions, ii.281;effects of use on organs, ii.295,296;ascent of the sap in trees, ii.296;correlation exemplified in the Irish elk, ii.333-334;on "physiological units," ii.375;antagonism of growth and reproduction, ii.384;formation of ducts in plants, ii.300.Spermatophoresof the cephalopoda, ii.383.Spermatozoids, ii.363-364;apparent independence of, in insects, ii.384.Sphingidæ, sterility of, in captivity, ii.157.Spinola, on the injurious effect produced by flowering buckwheat on white pigs, ii.337.Spitzdog, i. 31.Spooner, W. C., cross-breeding of sheep, i. 100, ii.95-96,120;on the effects of crossing, ii.96-97;on crossing cattle, ii.118;individual sterility, ii.162.Spores, reproduction of abnormal forms by, i. 383.Sports, i. 373; in pigeons, i. 213.Spotpigeon, i. 156, 207.Sprengel, C. K., on dichogamous plants, ii.90;on the hollyhock, ii.107;on the functions of flowers, ii.175.Sproule, Mr., inheritance of cleft-palate and hare-lip, ii.24.Spurs, of fowls, i. 255;development of, in hens, ii.318.Squashes, i. 357.Squinting, hereditary, ii.9.Squirrels, generally sterile in captivity, ii.152.Squirrels, flying, breeding in confinement, ii.152."StaarhalsigeTaube," i. 161.Stag, one-horned, supposed heredity of character in, ii.12;degeneracy of, in the Highlands, ii.208.Stamens, occurrence of rudimentary, ii.316;conversion of, into pistils, i. 365;into petals, ii.392.Staphylea, ii.168.Steenstrup, Prof., on the dog of the Danish Middens, i. 18;on the obliquity of flounders, ii.53.Steinan, J., on hereditary diseases, ii.7,79.Sterility, in dogs, consequent on close confinement, i. 32;comparative, of crosses, ii.103,104;from changed conditions of life, ii.148-165;occurring in the descendants of wild animals bred in captivity, ii.160;individual, ii.162;resulting from propagation by buds, cuttings, bulbs, &c., ii.169;in hybrids, ii.178-180,386,410-411;in specific hybrids of pigeons, i. 193;as connected with natural selection, ii.185-189.Sternum, characters of the, in rabbits, i. 123;in pigeons, i. 167, 174-175;in fowls, i. 268, 273;effects of disuse on the, i. 174-175, 273.Stephens, J. F., on the habits of the Bombycidæ, i. 303.Stewart, H., on hereditary disease, ii.79.Stigma, variation of the, in cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 359;satiation of the, i. 402-403.Stocks, bud-variation in, i. 381;effect of crossing upon the colour of the seed of, i. 398-399;true by seed, ii.20;crosses of, ii.93;varieties of, produced by selection, ii.219;reversion by the upper seeds in the pods of, ii.347-348.Stockholm, fruit-trees of, ii.307.Stokes, Prof., calculation of the chance of transmission of abnormal peculiarities in man, ii.5.Stolons, variations in the production of, by strawberries, i. 353.Stomach, structure of the, affected by food, ii.302.Stonein the bladder, hereditary, ii.8,79.Strawberries, i. 351-354;remarkable varieties of, i. 352-353;hautbois, diœcious, i. 353;selection in, ii.200;mildew of, ii.228;probable further modification of, ii.243;variegated, effects of soil on, ii.274.Strickland, A., on the domestication ofAnser ferus, i. 287;on the colour of the bill and legs in geese, i. 288.Strictœnas, i. 183.Stripeson young of wild swine, i. 76;of domestic pigs of Turkey, Westphalia, and the Zambesi, i. 76-77;of feral swine of Jamaica and New Granada, i. 77;of fruit and flowers, i. 400, ii.37;in horses, i. 56-60;in the ass, i. 62-63;production of, by crossing species of Equidæ, ii.42-43.Strix grallaria, ii.302.Strix passerina, ii.154."Strupp-Taube," i. 155.Struthers, Mr., osteology of the feet in solid-hoofed pigs, i. 75;on polydactylism, ii.13-14.Sturm, prepotency of transmission of characters in sheep and cattle, ii.66;absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii.88;correlation of twisted horns and curled wool in sheep, ii.326.Sub-species, wild, ofColumba liviaand other pigeons, i. 204.Succession, geological, of organisms, i. 11.Suckers, bud-variation by, i. 384.Sugarcane, sterility of, in various countries, ii.169;white, liability of, to disease, ii.228,336.Suicide, hereditary tendency to, ii.7,78.Sulivan, Admiral, on the horses of the Falkland Islands, i. 53;wild pigs of the Falkland Islands, i. 77;feral cattle of the Falkland Islands, i. 86, 102;feral rabbits of the Falkland Islands, i. 112.Sultanfowl, i. 228, 255.Sus indica, i. 65, 67-70, ii.110.Sus pliciceps, i. 69 (figured).Sus scrofa, i. 65, 66, ii.110.Sus scrofa palustris, i. 68.Sus vittatus, i. 67.Swallows, a breed of pigeons, i. 156.Swayne, Mr., on artificial crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397.SweetPeas, ii.91;crosses of, ii.93,94;varieties of, coming true by seed, ii.20;acclimatisation of, in India, ii.311.SweetWilliam, bud-variation in, i. 381.Swinhoe, R., on Chinese pigeons, i. 28, 206;on striped Chinese horses, i. 59.Switzerland, ancient dogs of, i. 19;pigs of, in the Neolithic period, i. 67-68;goats of, i. 101.Sycamore, pale-leaved variety of the, ii.330.Sykes, Colonel, on a Pariah dog with crooked legs, i. 17;on small Indian asses, i. 62;onGallus Sonneratii, i. 233;on the voice of the Indian Kulm cock, i. 259;fertility of the fowl in most climates, ii.161.Symmetry, hereditary departures from, ii.12.Symphytum, variegated, i. 384.Syphilis, hereditary, ii.332.Syria, asses of, i. 62.Syringa persica,chinensis, andvulgaris, ii.164.
Sabine, Mr., on the cultivation ofRosa spinosissima, i. 367;
on the cultivation of the dahlia, i. 369-370, ii.261;
effect of foreign pollen on the seed-vessel inAmaryllis vittata, i. 400.
St. Ange, influence of the pelvis on the shape of the kidneys in birds, ii.344.
St. Domingo, wild dogs of, i. 28;
bud-variation of dahlias in, i. 385.
St. Hilaire, Aug., milk furnished by cows in South America, ii.300;
husked form of maize, i. 320.
St. John, C., feral cats in Scotland, i. 47;
taming of wild ducks, i. 278.
St. Valeryapple, singular structure of the, i. 350;
artificial fecundation of the, i. 401.
St. Vitus'Dance, period of appearance of, ii.77.
Sageret, origin and varieties of the cherry, i. 347-348;
origin of varieties of the apple, i. 350;
incapacity of the cucumber for crossing with other species, i. 359;
varieties of the melon, i. 360;
supposed twin-mongrel melon, i. 391;
crossing melons, ii.108,129;
on gourds, ii.108;
effects of selection in enlarging fruit, ii.217;
on the tendency to depart from type, ii.241;
variation of plants in particular soils, ii.278.
Salamander, experiments on the, ii.293,341;
regeneration of lost parts in the, ii.15,376,385.
Salamandra cristata, polydactylism in, ii.14.
Salisbury, Mr., on the production of nectarines by peach-trees, i. 341;
on the dahlia, i. 369-370.
Salix, intercrossing of species of, i. 336.
Salix humilis, galls of, ii.282,283.
Sallé, feral guinea-fowl in St. Domingo, i. 294.
Salmon, early breeding of male, ii.384.
Salter, Mr., on bud-variation in pelargoniums, i. 378;
in the Chrysanthemum, i. 379;
transmission of variegated leaves by seed, i. 383;
bud-variation by suckers inPhlox, i. 384;
application of selection to bud-varieties of plants, i. 411;
accumulative effect of changed conditions of life, ii.262;
on the variegation of strawberry leaves, ii.274.
Salter, S. J., hybrids ofGallus Sonneratiiand the common fowl, i. 234, ii.45;
crossing of races or species of rats, ii.87-88.
Samesreuther, on inheritance in cattle, ii.10.
Sandford.SeeDawkins.
Sap, ascent of the, ii.296.
Saponaria calabrica, ii.20.
Sardinia, ponies of, i. 52.
Sars, on the development of the hydroida, ii.368.
Satiationof the stigma, i. 402-403.
Saturnia pyri, sterility of, in confinement, ii.157.
Saul, on the management of prize gooseberries, i. 356.
Sauvigny, varieties of the goldfish, i. 296.
Savages, their indiscriminate use of plants as food, i. 307-310;
fondness of, for taming animals, ii.160.
Savi, effect of foreign pollen on maize, i. 400.
Saxifraga geum, ii.166.
Sayzid Mohammed Musari, on carrier-pigeons, i. 141;
on a pigeon which utters the sound "Yahu," i. 155.
Scanderoons(pigeons), i. 142, 143.
Scania, remains ofBos frontosusfound in, i. 81.
Scapula, characters of, in rabbits, i. 123;
in fowls, i. 268;
in pigeons, i. 167;
alteration of, by disuse, in pigeons, i. 175.
Scarletfever, ii.276.
Schaaffhausen, on the horses represented in Greek statues, ii.213.
Schacht, H., on adventitious buds, ii.384.
Schleiden, excess of nourishment a cause of variability, ii.257.
Schomburgk, Sir R., on the dogs of the Indians of Guiana, i. 19, 23, ii.206;
on the musk duck, i. 182;
bud-variation in the Banana, i. 377;
reversion of varieties of the China rose in St. Domingo, i. 380;
sterility of tame parrots in Guiana, ii.155;
onDendrocygna viduata, ii.157;
selection of fowls in Guiana, ii.209.
Schreibers, onProteus, ii.297.
Sciuropterus volucella, ii.152.
Sciurus palmarumandcinerea, ii.152.
Sclater, P. L., onAsinus tæniopus, i. 62, ii.41;
onAsinus indicus, ii.42;
striped character of young wild pigs, i. 70;
osteology ofGallinula nesiotis, i. 287;
on the black-shouldered peacock, i. 290;
on the breeding of birds in captivity, ii.157.
Schmerling, Dr., varieties of the dog, found in a cave, i. 19.
Scotchfir, local variation of, i. 363.
Scotchkail and cabbage, cross between, ii.98.
Scott, John, irregularities in the sex of the flowers of Maize, i. 321;
bud-variation inImatophyllum miniatum, i. 385;
crossing of species ofVerbascum, ii.106-107;
experiments on crossingPrimulæ, ii.109;
reproduction of orchids, ii.133;
fertility ofOncidium divaricatum, ii.164;
acclimatisation of the sweet pea in India, ii.311;
number of seeds inAcroperaandGongora, ii.379.
Scott, Sir W., former range of wild cattle in Britain, i. 85.
Scrope, on the Scotch deerhound, ii.73,121.
Sebright, Sir John, effects of close interbreeding in dogs, ii.121;
care taken by, in selection of fowls, ii.197.
Secale cereale, ii.254.
Sedgwick, W., effects of crossing on the female, i. 404;
on the "Porcupine-man," ii.4;
on hereditary diseases, ii.7;
hereditary affections of the eye, ii.9,78-79;
inheritance of polydactylism and anomalies of the extremities, ii.13-14;
morbid uniformity in the same family, ii.17;
on deaf-mutes, ii.22;
inheritance of injury to the eye, ii.24;
atavism in diseases and anomalies of structure, ii.34;
non-reversion to night-blindness, ii.36;
sexual limitation of the transmission of peculiarities in man, ii.72-73;
on the effects of hard-drinking, ii.289;
inherited baldness with deficiency of teeth, ii.326-327;
occurrence of a molar tooth in place of an incisor, ii.391;
diseases occurring in alternate generations, ii.401.
Sedillot, on the removal of portions of bone, ii.296.
Seeds, early selection of, ii.204;
rudimentary, in grapes, ii.316;
relative position of, in the capsule, ii.345.
Seedsand buds, close analogies of, i. 411.
Seemann, B., crossing of the wolf and Esquimaux dog, i. 22.
Selby, P. J., on the bud-destroying habits of the bullfinch, ii.232.
Selection, ii.192-249;
methodical, i. 214, ii.194-210;
by the ancients and semi-civilised people, ii.201-210;
of trifling characters, ii.208-210;
unconscious, i. 214, 217, ii.174,210-217;
effects of, shown by differences in most valued parts, ii.217-220;
produced by accumulation of variability, ii.220-223;
natural, as affecting domestic productions, ii.185-189,224-233;
as the origin of species, genera and other groups, ii.429-432;
circumstances favourable to, ii.233-239;
tendency of towards extremes, ii.239-242;
possible limit of, ii.242;
influence of time on, ii.243-244;
summary of subject, ii.246-249;
effects of, in modifying breeds of cattle, i. 92, 93;
in preserving the purity of breeds of sheep, i. 99-100;
in producing varieties of pigeons, i. 213-218;
in breeding fowls, i. 232-233;
in the goose, i. 289;
in the canary, i. 295;
in the goldfish, i. 296;
in the silkworm, i. 300-301;
contrasted in cabbages and cereals, i. 323;
in the white mulberry, i. 334;
on gooseberries, i. 356;
applied to wheat, i. 317-318;
exemplified in carrots, &c., i. 326;
in the potato, i. 331;
in the melon, i. 360;
in flowering plants, i. 365;
in the hyacinth, i. 371;
applied to bud-varieties of plants, i. 411;
illustrations of, ii.421-428.
Selection, sexual, ii.75.
Self-impotencein plants, ii.131-140;
in individual plants, ii.136-138;
of hybrids, ii.174.
Selwyn, Mr., on the Dingo, i. 26.
Selys-Longchamps, on hybrid ducks, i. 190, ii.46,157;
hybrid of the hook-billed duck and Egyptian goose, i. 282.
Seringe, on the St. Valery apple, i. 350.
SerpentMelon, i. 360.
Serres, Olivier de, wild poultry in Guiana, i. 237.
Sesamum, white-seeded, antiquity of the, ii.429.
Setaria, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317.
Setters, degeneration of, in India, i. 38;
Youatt's remarks on, i. 41.
Sex, secondary characters of, latent, ii.51-52;
of parents, influence of, on hybrids, ii.267.
Sexualcharacters, sometimes lost in domestication, ii.74.
Sexuallimitation of characters, ii.71-75.
Sexualpeculiarities, induced by domestication in sheep, i. 95;
in fowls, i. 251-257;
transfer of, i. 255-257.
Sexualvariability in pigeons, i. 161-162.
Sexualselection, ii.75.
Shaddock, i. 335.
Shailer, Mr., on the moss-rose, i. 379-380.
Shanghaifowls, i. 227.
Shanghaisheep, their fecundity, i. 97.
Shanponies, striped, i. 58.
Sheep, disputed origin of, i. 94;
early domestication of, i. 94;
large-tailed, i. 94, 95, 98, ii.279;
variations in horns, mammæ and other characters of, i. 95;
sexual characters of, induced by domestication, i. 95, 96;
adaptation of, to climate and pasture, i. 96, 97;
periods of gestation of, i. 97;
effect of heat on the fleece of, i. 98-99, ii.278;
effect of selection on, i. 99-101;
"ancon" or "otter" breeds of, i. 17, 92, 100;
"Mauchamp-merino," i. 100-101;
cross of German and merino, ii.85-89;
black, of the Tarentino, ii.227;
Karakool, ii.278;
Jaffna, with callosities on the knees, ii.302;
Chinese, ii.315;
Danish, of the bronze period, ii.427;
polydactylism in, ii.14;
occasional production of horns in hornless breeds of, ii.30;
reversion of colour in, ii.30;
influence of male, on offspring, ii.68;
sexual differences in, ii.73;
influence of crossing or segregation on, ii.86,95-96,102-103;
interbreeding of, ii.119-120;
effect of nourishment on the fertility of, ii.111-112;
diminished fertility of, under certain conditions, ii.161;
unconscious selection of, ii.213;
natural selection in breeds of, ii.224,225,227;
reduction of bones in, ii.242;
individual differences of, ii.251;
local changes in the fleece of, in England, ii.278;
partial degeneration of, in Australia, ii.278;
with numerous horns, ii.291;
correlation of horns and fleece in, ii.326;
feeding on flesh, ii.303;
acclimatisation of, ii.305-306;
mountain, resistance of, to severe weather, ii.312;
white, poisoned byHypericum crispum, ii.337.
Sheepdogs resembling wolves, i. 24.
Shells, sinistral and dextral, ii.53.
Sheriff, Mr. new varieties of wheat, i. 315, 317;
on crossing wheat, ii.104-105;
continuous variation of wheat, ii.241.
Siam, cats of, i. 47; horses of, i. 53.
Shirley, E. P., on the fallow-deer, ii.103,120.
Short, D., hybrids of the domestic cat andFelis ornata, i, 45.
Siberia, northern range of wild horses in, i. 52.
Sichel, J., on the deafness of white cats with blue eyes, ii.329.
Sidney, S., on the pedigrees of pigs, ii.3;
on cross-reversion in pigs, ii.35;
period of gestation in the pig, i. 74;
production of breeds of pigs by intercrossing, i. 78, 95;
fertility of the pig, ii.112;
effects of interbreeding on pigs, ii.121-122;
on the colours of pigs, ii.210,229.
Siebold, on the sweet potato, ii.309.
Siebold, von Carl, on parthenogenesis, ii.364.
Silene, contabescence in, ii.166.
Silk-fowls, i. 230, ii.67,69.
Silk-moth, Arrindy, ii.306,312;
Tarroo, ii.157.
Silk-moths, i. 300-304;
domesticated species of, i. 300;
history of,ibid.;
causes of modification in, i. 300-301;
differences presented by, i. 301-304;
crossing of, ii.98;
disease in, ii.228;
effects of disuse of parts in, ii.298;
selection practised with, ii.197,199;
variation of, ii.236;
parthenogenesis in, ii.364.
Silkworms, variations of, i. 301-302;
yielding white cocoons, less liable to disease, ii.336.
Silver-Greyrabbit, i. 108, 111, 120.
Simonds, J. B., period of maturity in various breeds of cattle, i. 87;
differences in the periods of dentition in sheep, i. 96;
on the teeth in cattle, sheep, &c., ii.322;
on the breeding of superior rams, ii.196.
Simon, on the raising of eggs of the silk-moth in China, ii.197.
Simpson, Sir J., regenerative power of the human embryo, ii.15.
Siredon, breeding in the branchiferous stage, ii.384.
Siskin, breeding in captivity, ii.154.
Sivatherium, resemblance of the, to Niata cattle, i. 89.
Size, difference of, an obstacle to crossing, ii.101.
Skin, and its appendages, homologous, ii.325;
hereditary affections of the, ii.79.
Skirving, R. S., on pigeons settling on trees in Egypt, i. 181.
Skull, characters of the, in breeds of dogs, i. 34;
in breeds of pigs, i. 71;
in rabbits, i. 116-120, 127;
in breeds of pigeons, i. 163-165;
in breeds of fowls, i. 260-266;
in ducks, i. 282-283.
Skulland horns, correlation of the, ii.333.
Skylark, ii.154.
Sleeman, on the Cheetah, ii.151.
Sloe, i. 345.
Small-pox, ii.378.
Smiter(pigeon), i. 156.
Smith, Sir A., on Caffrarian cattle, i. 88;
on the use of numerous plants as food in South Africa, i. 307.
Smith, Colonel Hamilton, on the odour of the jackal, i. 30;
on the origin of the dog, i. 16;
wild dogs in St. Domingo, i. 28;
on the Thibet mastiff and the alco, i. 28-29;
development of the fifth toe in the hind feet of mastiffs, i. 35;
differences in the skull of dogs, i. 34;
history of the pointer, i. 42;
on the ears of the dog, ii.301;
on the breeds of horses, i. 49;
origin of the horse, i. 51;
dappling of horses, i. 55;
striped horses in Spain, i. 58;
original colour of the horse, i. 60;
on horses scraping away snow, i. 52;
onAsinus hemionus, ii.43;
feral pigs of Jamaica, i. 77-78.
Smith, Sir J. E., production of nectarines and peaches by the same tree, i. 340;
onViola amœna, i. 368;
sterility ofVinca minorin England, ii.170.
Smith, J., development of the ovary inBonatea speciosa, by irritation of the stigma, i. 403.
Smith, N. H., influence of the bull "Favourite" on the breed of Short-horn cattle, ii.65.
Smith, W., on the inter-crossing of strawberries, i. 352.
Snake-rat, ii.87,88.
Snakes, form of the viscera in, ii.344.
Snapdragon, bud-variation in, i. 381;
non-inheritance of colour in, ii.21;
peloric, crossed with the normal form, ii.70,93;
asymmetrical variation of the, ii.322.
Soil, adaptation of plums to, i. 346;
influence of, on the zones of pelargoniums, i. 366;
on roses, i. 367;
on the variegation of leaves, i. 383;
advantages of change of, ii.146-148.
Soiland climate, effects of, on strawberries, i. 353.
Solanum, non-intercrossing of species of, ii.91.
Solanum tuberosum, i. 330-331.
Solid-hoofedpigs, i. 75.
Solomon, his stud of horses, i. 55.
Somerville, Lord, on the fleece of Merino sheep, i. 99;
on crossing sheep, ii.120;
on selection of sheep, ii.195;
diminished fertility of Merino sheep brought from Spain, ii.161.
Sootyfowls, i. 230, 256.
Soto, Ferdinand de, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312.
Sorghum, i. 371.
Spain, hawthorn monogynous in, i. 364.
Spallanzani, on feral rabbits in Lipari, i. 113;
experiments on salamanders, ii.15,293,385;
experiments in feeding a pigeon with meat, ii.304.
Spaniels, in India, i. 38;
King Charles's, i. 41;
degeneration of, caused by interbreeding, ii.121.
Spanishfowls, i. 227, 250, 253;
figured, i. 226;
early development of sexual characters in, i. 250, 251;
furcula of, figured, i. 268.
Species, difficulty of distinguishing from varieties, i. 4;
conversion of varieties into, i. 5;
origin of, by natural selection, ii.414-415;
by mutual sterility of varieties, ii.185-189.
Spencer, Lord, on selection in breeding, ii.195.
Spencer, Herbert, on the "survival of the fittest," i. 6;
increase of fertility by domestication, ii.111;
on life, ii.148,177;
changes produced by external conditions, ii.281;
effects of use on organs, ii.295,296;
ascent of the sap in trees, ii.296;
correlation exemplified in the Irish elk, ii.333-334;
on "physiological units," ii.375;
antagonism of growth and reproduction, ii.384;
formation of ducts in plants, ii.300.
Spermatophoresof the cephalopoda, ii.383.
Spermatozoids, ii.363-364;
apparent independence of, in insects, ii.384.
Sphingidæ, sterility of, in captivity, ii.157.
Spinola, on the injurious effect produced by flowering buckwheat on white pigs, ii.337.
Spitzdog, i. 31.
Spooner, W. C., cross-breeding of sheep, i. 100, ii.95-96,120;
on the effects of crossing, ii.96-97;
on crossing cattle, ii.118;
individual sterility, ii.162.
Spores, reproduction of abnormal forms by, i. 383.
Sports, i. 373; in pigeons, i. 213.
Spotpigeon, i. 156, 207.
Sprengel, C. K., on dichogamous plants, ii.90;
on the hollyhock, ii.107;
on the functions of flowers, ii.175.
Sproule, Mr., inheritance of cleft-palate and hare-lip, ii.24.
Spurs, of fowls, i. 255;
development of, in hens, ii.318.
Squashes, i. 357.
Squinting, hereditary, ii.9.
Squirrels, generally sterile in captivity, ii.152.
Squirrels, flying, breeding in confinement, ii.152.
"StaarhalsigeTaube," i. 161.
Stag, one-horned, supposed heredity of character in, ii.12;
degeneracy of, in the Highlands, ii.208.
Stamens, occurrence of rudimentary, ii.316;
conversion of, into pistils, i. 365;
into petals, ii.392.
Staphylea, ii.168.
Steenstrup, Prof., on the dog of the Danish Middens, i. 18;
on the obliquity of flounders, ii.53.
Steinan, J., on hereditary diseases, ii.7,79.
Sterility, in dogs, consequent on close confinement, i. 32;
comparative, of crosses, ii.103,104;
from changed conditions of life, ii.148-165;
occurring in the descendants of wild animals bred in captivity, ii.160;
individual, ii.162;
resulting from propagation by buds, cuttings, bulbs, &c., ii.169;
in hybrids, ii.178-180,386,410-411;
in specific hybrids of pigeons, i. 193;
as connected with natural selection, ii.185-189.
Sternum, characters of the, in rabbits, i. 123;
in pigeons, i. 167, 174-175;
in fowls, i. 268, 273;
effects of disuse on the, i. 174-175, 273.
Stephens, J. F., on the habits of the Bombycidæ, i. 303.
Stewart, H., on hereditary disease, ii.79.
Stigma, variation of the, in cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 359;
satiation of the, i. 402-403.
Stocks, bud-variation in, i. 381;
effect of crossing upon the colour of the seed of, i. 398-399;
true by seed, ii.20;
crosses of, ii.93;
varieties of, produced by selection, ii.219;
reversion by the upper seeds in the pods of, ii.347-348.
Stockholm, fruit-trees of, ii.307.
Stokes, Prof., calculation of the chance of transmission of abnormal peculiarities in man, ii.5.
Stolons, variations in the production of, by strawberries, i. 353.
Stomach, structure of the, affected by food, ii.302.
Stonein the bladder, hereditary, ii.8,79.
Strawberries, i. 351-354;
remarkable varieties of, i. 352-353;
hautbois, diœcious, i. 353;
selection in, ii.200;
mildew of, ii.228;
probable further modification of, ii.243;
variegated, effects of soil on, ii.274.
Strickland, A., on the domestication ofAnser ferus, i. 287;
on the colour of the bill and legs in geese, i. 288.
Strictœnas, i. 183.
Stripeson young of wild swine, i. 76;
of domestic pigs of Turkey, Westphalia, and the Zambesi, i. 76-77;
of feral swine of Jamaica and New Granada, i. 77;
of fruit and flowers, i. 400, ii.37;
in horses, i. 56-60;
in the ass, i. 62-63;
production of, by crossing species of Equidæ, ii.42-43.
Strix grallaria, ii.302.
Strix passerina, ii.154.
"Strupp-Taube," i. 155.
Struthers, Mr., osteology of the feet in solid-hoofed pigs, i. 75;
on polydactylism, ii.13-14.
Sturm, prepotency of transmission of characters in sheep and cattle, ii.66;
absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii.88;
correlation of twisted horns and curled wool in sheep, ii.326.
Sub-species, wild, ofColumba liviaand other pigeons, i. 204.
Succession, geological, of organisms, i. 11.
Suckers, bud-variation by, i. 384.
Sugarcane, sterility of, in various countries, ii.169;
white, liability of, to disease, ii.228,336.
Suicide, hereditary tendency to, ii.7,78.
Sulivan, Admiral, on the horses of the Falkland Islands, i. 53;
wild pigs of the Falkland Islands, i. 77;
feral cattle of the Falkland Islands, i. 86, 102;
feral rabbits of the Falkland Islands, i. 112.
Sultanfowl, i. 228, 255.
Sus indica, i. 65, 67-70, ii.110.
Sus pliciceps, i. 69 (figured).
Sus scrofa, i. 65, 66, ii.110.
Sus scrofa palustris, i. 68.
Sus vittatus, i. 67.
Swallows, a breed of pigeons, i. 156.
Swayne, Mr., on artificial crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397.
SweetPeas, ii.91;
crosses of, ii.93,94;
varieties of, coming true by seed, ii.20;
acclimatisation of, in India, ii.311.
SweetWilliam, bud-variation in, i. 381.
Swinhoe, R., on Chinese pigeons, i. 28, 206;
on striped Chinese horses, i. 59.
Switzerland, ancient dogs of, i. 19;
pigs of, in the Neolithic period, i. 67-68;
goats of, i. 101.
Sycamore, pale-leaved variety of the, ii.330.
Sykes, Colonel, on a Pariah dog with crooked legs, i. 17;
on small Indian asses, i. 62;
onGallus Sonneratii, i. 233;
on the voice of the Indian Kulm cock, i. 259;
fertility of the fowl in most climates, ii.161.
Symmetry, hereditary departures from, ii.12.
Symphytum, variegated, i. 384.
Syphilis, hereditary, ii.332.
Syria, asses of, i. 62.
Syringa persica,chinensis, andvulgaris, ii.164.