T.
T.
T.
tabard (A.N.)88,a short coat or mantle. "Tabbard,collobium." Promp. Parv. One of the stage directions in the Coventry Mysteries (p. 244) is:—
Here xal Annas shewyn hymself in his stage, be seyn after a busshop of the hoold lawe, in a skarlet gowne, and over thata blew tabbardfurryd with whyte.
Here xal Annas shewyn hymself in his stage, be seyn after a busshop of the hoold lawe, in a skarlet gowne, and over thata blew tabbardfurryd with whyte.
tacches (A.N.)168,stains, blemishes
taillé (A.N.)68,a tally, notched stick; an account scored on a piece of wood.Seenote
tailen (A.N.)to keep an account by notches on a stick, to give a tally for a thing.part. a.tailende,156.part. pas.y-tailed,102
taken (A.S.)to take.pres. s.took,pl.token, toke,398.part. pas.taken
taken, take (A.S.)to give.pret. s.took,328,pl.toke, token,383
tale (A.S.)an account, reckoning
tale-wis (A.S.)51,wise in tales
tasele (A.S.)322,a teasel. The burs of this plant are used in the manufacture of cloth
tasten (A.N.)266,374,to feel.pret. s.tastede,357
techen (A.S.)to teach.pret. s.taughte,19, taghte,135.part. pas.taught,186, y-taught,436
tellen, telle (A.S.)to count, tell,405.pret. s.tolde.pl.tolden
teme, teeme (A.S.)118,125,138,411,412,a team of horses
teme (A.N.)48,80,147,209,a theme
tenten (A.N.)to offer, present, to hold out, stretch forth.pret. pl.tendeden,383
tenen, tene (A.S.)256,320,to injure.pret. s.tened,432
tene (A.S.)124,125,145,209,335,anger, hurt
teneful (A.S.)injurious
termes (A.N.)242,terms, times for their work
teynten (A.N.)to die, tint.part. past, y-teynted,322
y-termyned (A.N.)20,judged, determined
thanne (A.S.)then
thecche (A.S.)410,to thatch
theen (A.S.)to thrive, be prosperous. so thee ik!90,as I may prosper!
thef, theef (A.S.)pl.theves,239,353,373,a thief. thefliche,389,thievishly
theigh (A.S.)though
thenke, thynke (A.S.)211,228,to think.pres. s.he thenketh,407
ther (A.S.)there, where. therafter,90,in proportion to it. thermyd,herewith
thesternesse (A.S.)340,darkness
thynke (A.S.)384,to seem.pres. sing.I thynke, me thynketh (it seems to me).pret. s.thoghte,1,205, thoughte,404
thirlen (A.S.)to pierce, bore through
thise (A.S.)these
tho (A.S.)those, the
tho (A.S.)then, when
tholien (A.S.)70, thole,392,to bear, support, suffer.pret. s.tholede,251,384, tholed,377.pl.tholed,373
thonkyng (A.S.)thanking, thanks
thorugh (A.S.)through
thow (A.S.) The second personal pronoun is in interrogative clauses generally combined with its verb, as sestow,seest thou; slepestow,sleepest thou, &c.
thral (A.S.)pl.thralles,398,a bond-man
threve (A.S.)333,a bundle
thridde (A.S.)413,third
thringen (A.S.)to crowd, to throng, to press forward.pret. pl.thrungen,108
tyd, tid (A.S.)265,334,quickly, promptly, readily
tidy (A.S.)422,clever, ready, neat
tyen (A.S.)to tie
†y-tight,461,furnished, provided
tikes (A.S.)398,low people; literally,dogs. The word is still used in Yorkshire
til (A.S.)305,to
tilien, tilie, tilye (A.S.)131,138,375,410,to till the earth. †part. pas.tylde,461
tilthe (A.S.)421,tilth, the result or produce of tilling or ploughing
tymbre (A.S.)223,to build.pret.tymbred,48
†tymen (A.S.)494,to compel(?) It appears to be the same word which occurs in the alliterative poem on the Deposition of Richard II, p. 17:—
Thus lafte they the lederThat hem wrong ladde,Andtymedno twynte,But tolled her cornes,And gaderid the grotusWith gyle, as I trowe.
Thus lafte they the lederThat hem wrong ladde,Andtymedno twynte,But tolled her cornes,And gaderid the grotusWith gyle, as I trowe.
Thus lafte they the leder
That hem wrong ladde,
Andtymedno twynte,
But tolled her cornes,
And gaderid the grotus
With gyle, as I trowe.
tynen, tyne (A.S.)416,to lose.part. pas.tynt,377
titeleris (A.S.?)442,tattlers
tithe (A.S.)tenth, tithe
tixte (A.N.)348,text
to (A.S.)too
to-, prefixed in composition to verbs of Anglo-Saxon origin, has the same force as the Germanzu-, giving to the word the idea of destruction or deterioration:—
to-bollen (A.S.)82,to overswell
to-breken (A.S.)156,to break to pieces, break down.part. pas.to-broke,139
to-cleve (A.S.)236,to cleave in pieces, cut open
to-drawen (A.S.)to draw to pieces, orto destruction.pret.to-drowe,175
to-luggen (A.S.)41,to lug about, tear
to-rende (A.S.)180,to be torn or burst to pieces
to-shullen (A.S.)to cut off, destroy.part. pas.to-shullen,359
toft (A.S.)an open exposed place, a hill
to-fore (A.S.)before. to-forn235,before
to-gidere, to-gidres, to-gideres (A.S.)together
†toylyng (A.S.)495,tugging
tollen (A.S.)89,to measure out, count
tollers (A.S.)toll-gatherers
tome (A.S.)39,leisure, time. This form of the word seems to have been in use in the fourteenth century. It occurs at the commencement of the Seven Sages:—
I sal yow tel, if I havetome,Of the seven ages of Rome.
I sal yow tel, if I havetome,Of the seven ages of Rome.
I sal yow tel, if I havetome,
Of the seven ages of Rome.
Its occurrence in Piers Ploughman shows that Weber was not right in supposing it a mere alteration of the wordtimefor the sake of rhyme. See also Sir F. Madden's Glossary to Gawayne
tonder (A.S.)362,tinder
†too (A.S.)pl.ton,476,489,a toe
torne (A.N.)428,to turn.pret. s.tornede,321, torned,265,turned
torne,325, turne,324(A.S.)to turn(intransitive)
toten (A.S.)331,459,461,to look, observe, to peep.pret. s.toted,471.pl.toteden,476.part. past, y-toted,464
touken (A.S.)to dye.part. pas.y-touked,322
toune,315,a tun. Perhaps it should be printedtonne.
tour (A.N.)a tower
travaille (A.N.)to labour
traversen (A.N.)245,to transgress
treden (A.S.)to tread.pret. pl.troden,223. †pret. s.tredede,476,trod
tree,330(A.S.)pl.trowes,300,a tree
tresor (A.N.)a treasure
triacle, tryacle (A.N.)a remedy, a cure
tricherie (A.N.)treachery, cunning, trickery
trie (A.N.)305,330,choice, select. trieste,23,most choice, trieliche,choicely
†tryfler (A.S.)479,a trifler, a deceiver, a good-for-nothing
†troiflardes (A.S.)494,triflers, idlers
trollen (A.S.)387,to draw, to drag
tronen (A.N.)to throne
trowe (A.S.)358,to believe, think, suppose. trowestow,237,thinkest thou
trufle (A.S.)236,378, trefle,471,a silly tale, trifle, good-for-nothing thingorperson
trumpen (A.N.)to sound a trumpet.pret. s.trumpede,395
tulien (A.S.)to labour, to till.pret. pl.tulieden,277.part. act.tulying,277
tweye (A.S.)two
twies (A.S.)twice
†twynnen (A.S.)480,to couple together
U.
U.
U.
umwhile (A.S.)97,once, on a time
unbuxome (A.S.)disobedient, inobedient
underfongen (A.S.)301,to undertake, accept, receive.pret. s.underfonged,209
undernymen (A.S.)214,to undertake, take possession of.pres. s.undernymeth,84.part. past, under-nome,263,428
under-pight (A.S.)331,propped up
unhardy (A.N.)254,354,not bold
un-hiled (A.S.)367,uncovered, unroofed
unjoynen (A.N.)384,to disjoin, separate
unkynde (A.S.)unnatural
unkouthe (A.S.)148,unknown, strange, foreign
unlosen (A.S.)356,to unloose
unlouken (A.S.)380,384,385,388,to unlock
unnethe (A.S.)scarcely
unpynne (A.S.)385,to unbolt
unsperen (A.S.)374,385,to open, undo, unbolt
†un-teyned (A.S.)481,unfastened (?)
unthende (A.S.)87,unserved, without sauce
untidy (A.S.)432,slovenly, not clever
until (A.S.)to
unwittily (A.S.)49,unwisely, unreasonably
up (A.S.)upon. up so doun,428,upside down
usen (A.S.)to use
V.
V.
V.
vaunt-warde (A.N.)430,the avant-guard, the van
veille (A.N.)104,an old woman
vendage (A.N.)391,vintage, harvest
venymousté (A.N.)378,the property of being poisonous or venomous
venym (A.N.)326,poison
vernycle (A.N.)109, "diminutive ofVeronike. A copy in miniature of the picture of Christ, which is supposed to have been miraculously imprinted upon a handkerchief, preserved in the church of St. Peter at Rome. Du Cange, in v.Veronica. Madox, Form. Angl. p. 428. Testam. Joh. de Nevill, an. 1386. Item Domino archiepiscopo Ebor. fratri meo. i. vestimentum rubeum de velvet cumle Veronikein granis rosarum desuper broudata. It was usual for persons returning from pilgrimages to bring with them certain tokens of the several places which they had visited; and therefore the Pardoner [in Chaucer], who is just arrived from Rome, is represented witha vernicle sewed upon his cappe."—Tyrwhitt.
verrey (A.N.)365, verrey,405,true
verset (A.N.)239,a little verse
viker (A.N.)424,a vicar
vicory (A.N.)420,a vicar
W.
W.
W.
waast (A.N.)10,a waste, wilderness
wafrestere (A.S.)115,a maker of wafers for the priests, to be consecrated and administered at the sacrament
wage, wagen (A.N.)440,to hire, to wage, pay wages, remunerate
wage (A.N.)71,to be pledge for, to warrant
waggen (A.S.)332,to shake.pret. s.waggede,335,373,408
wayte, waiten (A.S.)89,147,157,260,269,to watch, look about, wait.pret. s.waitede,266.pl.waiteden,345
waitynges (A.S.)33,watchings, lookings
walkne (A.S.)316,air, sky, welkin. wolkne,357,383
walnote (A.S.)a wallnut
wayven (A.N.)113,435,482,491,to waive
waken (A.S.)to awake.pret. pl.woken,277, woke,405,awoke
wanhope (A.S.)34,94,140,238,366,despair, hopelessness
wanye (A.S.)141,153,to fade, wane.pret. s.wanyed,294
war (A.S.)ware, aware. y-war,17
warde (A.N.)388,a keeper
wardemotes (A.N.)6,meetings of the ward
wareyne (A.N.)10,a warren
warisshen (A.N.)336,to cure
warlawes (A.S.)497,wizards, sorcerers, warlocks. See Jamieson, on this latter word
warner (A.N.)96,a warrener, keeper of a warren
warpen (A.S.)to utter, cast.pret. s.warpe,82,99
warroken (A.S.)66,to girt
waselen (A.S.)to become dirty, dirty one's self. †pret. s.waselede,476
wasshe (A.S.)248,to wash.pret. s.I wessh,344, wasshed,352,pl.wesshen,247.part. pas.y-wasshen,167, whasshen,272, wasshen,392
wastel (A.N.)94,a cake, fine bread
watlen (A.S.)to cover with hurdles, to wattle.pret. s.watlede,415
wawe (A.S.)153,a wave
webbe (A.S.)89,a weaver
webbestere (A.S.)a weaver. wollen webbesters,14,woollen weavers
wed (A.S.)91,346,a pledge
wedden (A.S.)73,to lay a wager
weder (A.S.)weather. weder-wise,weather-wise
wedes (A.S.)dress, clothes, apparel
weer (A.S.)209,330,a doubt, perplexity
weet (A.S.)wet. weet-shoed,369,wet-shoed
weg (A.S.)426,a pledge
wey (A.S.)a way
weye (A.S.)82,a wey of cheese
weyen (A.S.)to weigh.part. past, weyen,25
weylaway (A.S.)383,an exclamation of lamenting under suffering
weyves (A.S.)6(a law term),animals lost or strayed
weke (A.S.)360,362,the wick of a candle
welden (A.S.)174,175,206,to possess.pres. s.he welt,178, when he weldeth,426
wele (A.S.)381,weal, happiness, good fortune
wellen (A.S.)to boil, to gush out as water from a spring.pret. s.wellede,418
welle (A.S.)296,a spring
welthe (A.S.)88,a welt
wem (A.S.)377,a flaw, stain
wenden (A.S.)306,to go, to wend.pres. pl.wenden.imperat.weend,59
wenen (A.S.)264,380,to suppose, imagine, think, believe.pret. pl.wende,263,supposed
wepen (A.S.)to weep.pret. s.wepte,374,pl.wepten
wepene (A.S.)170,membrum virile
wepne (A.S.)a weapon
†werdliche (A.S.)454,473,worldly
were (A.S.)322,to wear
werken, werche (A.S.)to work.pres. pl.werchen.pret. s.wroghte.pl.wroughte, wroghten.part. act.werchynge.part. pas.wroughte, wroght, y-wroght
†werly (A.S.)491,worldly
wernard, wernarde (A.N.)35,53,persons who lay information against others(?)
wernen (A.S.)to refuse, deny.pres. s.werneth,425,refuses
werre (A.N.)war
wers (A.S.)worse
†werwolves (A.S.)478,people turned into wolves by sorcery. An ancient superstition.Seenote
wesshen (A.S.)to wash
weven (A.S.)to weave
wex (A.S.)360,361, wax
wexen, wexe (A.S.)141,209,293,401,to wax, grow.pret. s.weex,63,94,202,278,294,336,369.pl.woxen,161,277,333.part. pas.woxen,177,403
wexed (A.S.)98,washed(?)
what! (A.S.)146, an interjection,lo!
whiche (A.S.) which a light,376,what light
†whit (A.S.)476,a wight, creature
whiten (A.S.)to make white
†whough (A.S.)453,how. whou,481
wicche (A.S.)372,373,a witch
wye (A.S.)109,223,245,248,283,352,354,388,405,a man. It is the Saxonwig, and was originally applied to a warrior or hero. I am inclined to think this may be the origin of our present slang term,a guy
wif (A.S.)in the objective, wyve,pl.wyves,a woman, wife
wight (A.S.)160,active, brave. wightly,actively, bravely, well. wyghtliche,40,actively. wightnesse,410,activity, cleverness
wight (A.S.)a creature, being
wike (A.S.)a week.pl.woukes,336
wikkedlokest (A.S.)199,most wickedly
willen (A.S.)400,to will.pres. s.wol, wole,pl.wol.pret. s.wolde,pl.wolde. thow willest,241
wilne (A.S.)49,to will.pr. s.wilneth,20.pl.wilne,15.pret. s.wilned,211,369
wyn (A.S.)402,wine
wynen pyne (A.S.)78,the wine pin, or place where wine was sold(?)
wynkyng (A.S.)77,99,dozing, slumbering
wynnen, wynne (A.S.)to win, gain.pret. s.wan,123,231,pl.wonnen,2.part. pas.y-wonne,82,213, wonne,410
†wynwe (A.S.)476,winnowing
wis,pl.wise (A.S.)wise
wisloker (A.S.)266,more certainly
wissen, wisse (A.S.)399,to teach.pres. sing.I wisse.pret. sing.wissed,19.part. act.wissynge,205,teaching
wissen (A.S.)to know.pret. sing.wiste,151,211,knewpart. past, wist,381
wit (A.S.)mind, wit, intelligence
witen, wite (A.S.)373,377,to know.pres. s.he woot,105,199.pret. s.woot,3,32,35,67. to witene,152,to know. witynge,418,knowingly
witen (A.S.)140,331,to hinder, keep
witen (A.S.)to blame.pret. s.witte,17
withdrawen (A.S.)to withdraw.pret. s.withdrough,373
withholden (A.S.)to withold, retain.pres. s.he withhalt,110
withwynde (A.S.)108,crosswise(?) as if bound with a withy
witterly (A.S.)truly
witty (A.S.)196,knowing, wise
†wlon (A.S.)494,the nap of cloth(?)
wo (A.S.)woe
wodewe (A.S.)169,pl.widwes,a widow
woke (A.S.)315,to moisten(?)
wolleward (A.S.)369, wolward,497,miserable, plagued
wolves-kynnes (A.S.)126,of the nature of wolves
wombe (A.S.)the belly
wombe-cloutes (A.S.)250,tripes
womman,pl.wommen (A.S.)a woman
wone (A.S.)a dwelling-place, residence
woned (A.S.)306,accustomed, wont
wonyen (A.S.)to dwell.pres. s.wonyeth,18.pret. pl.woneden,311
woon (A.S.)435,plenty, abundance
†woon (A.S.)a dwelling
worden (A.S.)to discourse, have words together.pret. pl.wordeden,68. wordynge,351,talking, using words, conversing
worm (A.S.)222,a serpent
worstow,420,shalt thou be.Seeworthe
wort (A.S.)135,a plant, vegetable
worthe, y-worthe (A.S.)to be, become. to late the cat worthe,12,to let the cat be. worth,26,244,359,shall be