19:11I saw the heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it is called Faithful and True. In righteousness he judges and makes war.19:12His eyes are a flame of fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has names written and a name written which no one knows but he himself.19:13He is clothed in a garment sprinkled with blood. His name is called "The Word of God."19:14The armies which are in heaven followed him on white horses, clothed in white, pure, fine linen.19:15Out of his mouth proceeds a sharp, double-edged sword, that with it he should strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod.*He treads the winepress of the fierceness of the wrath of God, the Almighty.19:16He has on his garment and on his thigh a name written, "KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS."
19:17I saw an angel standing in the sun. He cried with a loud voice, saying to all the birds that fly in the sky, "Come! Be gathered together to thegreat supper of God,19:18that you may eat the flesh of kings, the flesh of captains, the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses and of those who sit on them, and the flesh of all men, both free and slave, and small and great."19:19I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him who sat on the horse, and against his army.19:20The beast was taken, and with him the false prophet who worked the signs in his sight, with which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulfur.19:21The rest were killed with the sword of him who sat on the horse, the sword which came forth out of his mouth. All the birds were filled with their flesh.
20:1I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand.20:2He seized the dragon, the old serpent, which is the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole inhabited earth, and bound him for a thousand years,20:3and cast him into the abyss, and shut it, and sealed it over him, that he should deceive the nations no more, until the thousand years were finished. After this, he must be freed for a short time.20:4I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus, and for the word of God, and such as didn't worship the beast nor his image, and didn't receive the mark on their forehead and on their hand. They lived, and reigned with Christ for the thousand years.20:5The rest of the dead didn't live until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.20:6Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over these, the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and will reign with him one thousand years.
20:7And after the thousand years, Satan will be released from his prison,20:8and he will come out to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to the war; the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.20:9They went up over the breadth of the earth, and surrounded the camp of the saints, and the beloved city. Fire came down out of heaven from God, and devoured them.20:10The devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet are also. They will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
20:11I saw a great white throne, and him who sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away. There was found no place for them.20:12I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and they opened books. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.20:13The sea gave up the dead who were in it. Death andHadesgave up the dead who were in them. They were judged, each one according to his works.20:14Death andHadeswere thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire.20:15If anyone was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.
21:1I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth have passed away, and the sea is no more.21:2I saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, made ready like a bride adorned for her husband.21:3I heard a loud voice out of heaven saying, "Behold, God's dwelling is with people, and he will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.21:4He will wipe away from them every tear from their eyes. Death will be no more; neither will there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more. The first things have passed away."
21:5He who sits on the throne said, "Behold, I am making all things new." He said, "Write, for these words of God are faithful and true."21:6He said to me, "It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. I will give freely to him who is thirsty from the spring of the water of life.21:7He who overcomes, I will give him these things. I will be his God, and he will be my son.21:8But for the cowardly, unbelieving, sinners, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral,sorcerers,idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death."
21:9One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls, who were loaded with the seven last plagues came, and he spoke with me, saying, "Come here. I will show you the wife, the Lamb's bride."21:10He carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,21:11having the glory of God. Her light was like a most precious stone, as if it was a jasper stone, clear as crystal;21:12having a great and high wall; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written on them, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel.21:13On the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.21:14The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve Apostles of the Lamb.21:15He who spoke with me had for a measure, a golden reed, to measure the city, its gates, and its walls.21:16The city lies foursquare, and its length is as great as its breadth. He measured the city with the reed,Twelve thousand twelve stadia. Its length, breadth, and height are equal.21:17Its wall isone hundred forty-four cubits,by the measure of a man, that is, of an angel.21:18The construction of its wall was jasper. The city was pure gold, like pure glass.21:19The foundations of the city's wall were adorned with all kinds of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second,sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald;21:20the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, chrysoprasus; the eleventh, jacinth; and the twelfth, amethyst.21:21The twelve gates were twelve pearls. Each one of the gates was made of one pearl. The street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.21:22I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God, the Almighty, and the Lamb, are its temple.21:23The city has no need for the sun, neither of the moon, to shine, for the very glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.21:24The nations will walk in its light. The kings of the earth bring the glory and honor of the nations into it.21:25Its gates will in no way be shut by day (for there will be no night there),21:26and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it so that they may enter.21:27There will in no way enter into it anything profane, or one who causes an abomination or a lie, but only those who are written in the Lamb's book of life.
22:1He showed me a*river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb,22:2in the middle of its street. On this side of the river and on that was the tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruits, yielding its fruit every month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.22:3There will be no curse any more. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and his servants serve him.22:4They will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads.22:5There will be no night, and they need no lamp light; for the Lord God will illuminate them. They will reign forever and ever.
22:6He said to me, "These words are faithful and true. The Lord God of the spirits of the prophets sent his angel to show to his bondservants the things which must happen soon."
22:7"Behold, I come quickly. Blessed is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book."
22:8Now I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. When I heard and saw, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel who had shown me these things.22:9He said to me, "See you don't do it! I am a fellow bondservant with you and with your brothers, the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God."22:10He said to me, "Don't seal up the words of the prophecy of this book, for the time is at hand.22:11He who acts unjustly, let him act unjustly still. He who is filthy, let him be filthy still. He who is righteous, let him do righteousness still. He who is holy, let him be holy still."
22:12"Behold, I come quickly. My reward is with me, to repay to each man according to his work.22:13I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.22:14Blessed are those who do his commandments, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter in by the gates into the city.22:15Outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood.22:16I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the assemblies. I am the root and the offspring of David; the Bright and Morning Star."
22:17The Spirit and the bride say, "Come!" He who hears, let him say, "Come!" He who is thirsty, let him come. He who desires, let him take the water of life freely.22:18I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book, if anyone adds to them, may God add to him the plagues which are written in this book.22:19If anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, may God take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book.22:20He who testifies these things says, "Yes, I come quickly."
Amen! Yes, come, Lord Jesus.
22:21The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with all the saints. Amen.
Notes:
[1]back to 1:1or, messenger (here and wherever angel is mentioned)
[2]back to 1:6Exodus 19:6; Isaiah 61:6
[3]back to 1:8TR adds "the Beginning and the End"
[4]back to 1:8TR omits "God"
[5]back to 1:11TR adds "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last."
[6]back to 1:11TR adds "which are in Asia"
[7]back to 1:13Daniel 7:13
[8]back to 1:18or, Hell
[9]back to 1:20or, messengers (here and wherever angels are mentioned)
[10]back to 2:3TR adds "have labored and"
[11]back to 2:15TR reads "which I hate" instead of "likewise"
[12]back to 2:17Manna is supernatural food, named after the Hebrew for "What is it?". See Exodus 11:7-9.
[13]back to 2:20TR, NU read "that" instead of "your"
[14]back to 2:27Psalm 2:9
[15]back to 4:8Hodges/Farstad MT reads "holy" 9 times instead of 3.
[16]back to 4:11TR omits "and God, the Holy One,"
[17]back to 5:13TR omits "Amen!"
[18]back to 5:14TR adds "twenty-four"
[19]back to 5:14TR adds "the one living forever and ever"
[20]back to 6:6A choenix is a dry volume measure that is a little more than a litre (a little more than a quart).
[21]back to 6:8or, Hell
[22]back to 6:11The word for "brothers" here and where context allows may also be correctly translated "brothers and sisters" or "siblings."
[23]back to 8:7TR omits "One third of the earth was burnt up"
[24]back to 8:13TR reads "angel" instead of "eagle"
[25]back to 9:2TR adds "great"
[26]back to 9:11"Abaddon" is a Hebrew word that means ruin, destruction, or the place of destruction
[27]back to 9:11"Apollyon" means "Destroyer."
[28]back to 9:16literally, "ten thousands of ten thousands"
[29]back to 9:21The word for "sorceries" (pharmakeia) also implies the use of potions, poisons, and drugs
[30]back to 11:17TR adds "and who is coming"
[31]back to 13:10TR reads "If anyone leads into captivity, into captivity he goes. If anyone will kill with the sword, he must be killed with a sword." instead of "If anyone has captivity, he goes away. If anyone is with the sword, he must be killed."
[32]back to 14:5TR adds "before the throne of God"
[33]back to 14:14Daniel 7:13
[34]back to 14:201600 stadia = 296 kilometers or 184 miles
[35]back to 15:2TR adds "his mark,"
[36]back to 16:211 talent is about 34 kilograms or 75 pounds
[37]back to 17:8TR reads "yet is" instead of "shall be present"
[38]back to 19:15Psalm 2:9
[39]back to 19:17TR reads "supper of the great God" instead of "great supper of God"
[40]back to 20:13or, Hell
[41]back to 20:14or, Hell
[42]back to 21:8The word for "sorcerers" here also includes users of potions and drugs.
[43]back to 21:1612,012 stadia = or 2,221 kilometers or 1,380 miles. TR reads 12,000 stadia instead of 12,012 stadia.
[44]back to 21:17144 cubits is about 65.8 meters or 216 feet
[45]back to 21:19or, lapis lazuli
[46]back to 22:1TR adds "pure"
The following words used in the World English Bible (WEB) are not very common, either because they refer to ancient weights, measures, or money, or because they are in some way unique to the Bible.
Abaddon is Hebrew for destruction.
Abba is a Chaldee word for father, used in a respectful, affectionate, and familiar way, like papa, dad, or daddy. Often used in prayer to refer to our Father in Heaven.
Adultery is having sexual intercourse with someone besides your own husband or wife. In the Bible, the only legitimate sexual intercourse is between a man and a woman who are married to each other.
Alpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. It is sometimes used to mean the beginning or the first.
Amen means "so be it" or "it is certainly so."
"Angel" literally means "messenger" or "envoy," and is usually used to refer to spiritual beings who normally are invisible to us, but can also appear as exceedingly strong creatures or as humans.
Apollyon is Greek for destroyer.
"Apostle" means a delegate, messenger, or one sent forth with orders. This term is applied in the New Testament in both a general sense connected with a ministry of establishing and strengthening church fellowships, as well as in a specific sense to "The 12 Apostles of the Lamb" (Revelation 21:14). The former category applies to a specific ministry that continues in the Church (Ephesians 4:11-13) and which includes many more than 12 people, while the latter refers to the apostles named in Matthew 10:2-4, except with Judas Iscariot replaced by Matthias (Acts 1:26).
See Har-magedon.
An assarion is a small Roman copper coin worth one tenth of a drachma, or about an hour's wages for an agricultural laborer.
An aureus is a Roman gold coin, worth 25 silver denarii. An aureus weighed from 115 to 126.3 grains (7.45 to 8.18 grams).
Baptize means to immerse in, or wash with something, usually water. Baptism in the Holy Spirit, fire, the Body of Christ, and suffering are also mentioned in the New Testament, along with baptism in water. Baptism is not just to cleanse the body, but as an outward sign of an inward spiritual cleansing and commitment. Baptism is a sign of repentance, as practiced by John the Baptizer, and of faith in Jesus Christ, as practiced by Jesus' disciples.
A bath is a liquid measure of about 22 liters, 5.8 U. S. gallons, or 4.8 imperial gallons.
A batos is a liquid measure of about 39.5 liters, 10.4 U. S. gallons, or 8.7 imperial gallons.
Beersheba is Hebrew for "well of the oath" or "well of the seven." A city in Israel.
Look! See! Wow! Notice this! Lo!
A cherub is a kind of angel with wings and hands that is associated with the throne room of God and guardian duty. See Ezekiel 10.
Cherubim means more than one cherub or a mighty cherub.
A choenix is a dry volume measure that is a little more than a liter (which is a little more than a quart). A choenix was the daily ration of grain for a soldier in some armies.
a woman who is united to a man for the purpose of providing him with sexual pleasure and children, but not being honored as a full partner in marriage; a second-class wife. In Old Testament times (and in some places now), it was the custom of middle-eastern kings, chiefs, and wealthy men to mary multiple wives and concubines, but God commanded the Kings of Israel not to do so (Deuteronomy 17:17) and Jesus encouraged people to either remain single or marry as God originally intended: one man married to one woman (Matthew 19:3-12; 1 Corinthians 7:1-13).
A cor is a dry measure of about 391 liters, 103 U. S. gallons, or 86 imperial gallons.
Corban is a Hebrew word for an offering devoted to God.
Crucify means to execute someone by nailing them to a cross with metal spikes. Their hands are stretched out on the crossbeam with spikes driven through their wrists or hands. Their feet or ankles are attached to a cross with a metal spike. The weight of the victim's body tends to force the air out of his lungs. To raise up to breathe, the victim has to put weight on the wounds, and use a lot of strength. The victim is nailed to the cross while the cross is on the ground, then the cross is raised up and dropped into a hole, thus jarring the wounds. Before crucifiction, the victim was usually whipped with a Roman cat of nine tails, which had bits of glass and metal tied to its ends. This caused chunks of flesh to be removed and open wounds to be placed against the raw wood of the cross. The victim was made to carry the heavy crossbeam of his cross from the place of judgment to the place of crucifixion, but often was physically unable after the scourging, so another person would be pressed into involuntary service to carry the cross for him. Roman crucifixion was generally done totally naked to maximize both shame and discomfort. Eventually, the pain, weakness, dehydration, and exhaustion of the muscles needed to breathe make breathing impossible, and the victim suffocates.
A cubit is a unit of linear measure, from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger of a man. This unit is commonly converted to 0.46 meters or 18 inches, although that varies with height of the man doing the measurement. There is also a "long" cubit that is longer than a regular cubit by a handbreadth. (Ezekiel 43:13)
Cummin is an aromatic seed from Cuminum cyminum, resembling caraway in flavor and appearance. It is used as a spice.
Darnel is a weed grass (probably bearded darnel or Lolium temulentum) that looks very much like wheat until it is mature, when the seeds reveal a great difference. Darnel seeds aren't good for much except as chicken feed or to burn to prevent the spread of this weed.
denarii: plural form of denarius, a silver Roman coin worth about a days wages for a laborer.
A denarius is a silver Roman coin worth about a day's wages for an agricultural laborer. A denarius was worth 1/25th of a Roman aureus.
The word "devil" comes from the Greek "diabolos," which means "one prone to slander; a liar." "Devil" is used to refer to a fallen angel, also called "Satan," who works to steal, kill, destroy, and do evil. The devil's doom is certain, and it is only a matter of time before he is thrown into the Lake of Fire, never to escape.
A didrachma is a Greek silver coin worth 2 drachmas, about as much as 2 Roman denarii, or about 2 days wages. It was commonly used to pay the half-shekel temple tax.
part of a spinning wheel used for twisting threads.
A drachma is a Greek silver coin worth about one Roman denarius, or about a day's wages for an agricultural laborer.
El-Elohe-Israel means "God, the God of Israel" or "The God of Israel is mighty."
An ephah is a measure of volume of about 22 liters, 5.8 U. S. gallons, 4.8 imperial gallons, or a bit more than half a bushel.
Gehenna is one word used for Hell. It comes from the Hebrew Gey-Hinnom, literally "valley of Hinnom." This word originated as the name for a place south of the old city of Jerusalem where the city's rubbish was burned. At one time, live babies were thrown crying into the fire under the arms of the idol, Moloch, to die there. This place was so despised by the people after the righteous King Josiah abolished this hideous practice that it was made into a garbage heap. Bodies of diseased animals and executed criminals were thrown there and burned.
Gittith is a musical term possibly meaning "an instrument of Gath."
a sharp, pointed prodding device used to motivate reluctant animals (such as oxen and mules) to move in the right direction.
Gospel means "good news" or "glad tidings," specifically the Good News of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection for our salvation, healing, and provision; and the hope of eternal life that Jesus made available to us by God's grace.
Hades: The nether realm of the disembodied spirits.
Har-magedon, also called Armegeddon, is most likely a reference to hill ("har") of Megiddo, near the Carmel Range in Israel. This area has a large valley plain with plenty of room for armies to maneuver.
A hin was about 6.5 liters or 1.7 gallons.
One homer is about 220 liters, 6.2 U. S. bushels, 6.1 imperial bushels, 58 U. S. gallons, or 48.4 imperial gallons.
a stage actor; someone who pretends to be someone other than who they really are; a pretender; a dissembler
Ishmael is the son of Abraham and Hagar. Ishmael literally means, "God hears."
See "Yahweh."
"Jesus" is Greek for the Hebrew name "Yeshua," which is a short version of "Yehoshua," which comes from "Yoshia," which means "He will save."
A kodrantes is a small coin worth one half of an Attic chalcus or two lepta. It is worth less than 2% of a day's wages for an agricultural laborer.
Lepta are very small, brass, Jewish coins worth half a Roman quadrans each, which is worth a quarter of the copper assarion. Lepta are worth less than 1% of an agricultural worker's daily wages.
Leviathan is a poetic name for a large aquatic creature, posssibly a crocodile or a dinosaur.
Mahalath is the name of a tune or a musical term.
Name for the food that God miraculously provided to the Israelites while they were wandering in the wilderness between Egypt and the promised land. From Hebrew man-hu (What is that?) or manan (to allot). See Exodus 16:14-35.
Maschil is a musical and literary term for "contemplation" or "meditative psalm."
A michtam is a poem.
A mina is a Greek coin worth 100 Greek drachmas (or 100 Roman denarii), or about 100 day's wages for an agricultural laborer.
Myrrh is the fragrant substance that oozes out of the stems and branches of the low, shrubby tree commiphora myrrha or comiphora kataf native to the Arabian deserts and parts of Africa. The fragrant gum drops to the ground and hardens into an oily yellowish-brown resin. Myrrh was highly valued as a perfume, and as an ingredient in medicinal and ceremonial ointments.
Nicolaitans were most likely Gnostics who taught the detestable lie that the material and physical realms were entirely separate and that immorality in the physical realm wouldn't harm your spiritual health.
Omega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet. It is sometimes used to mean the last or the end.
Peniel is Hebrew for "face of God."
a leather container for holding a small scroll containing important Scripture passages that is worn on the arm or forehead in prayer. These phylacteries (tefillin in Hebrew) are still used by orthodox Jewish men. See Deuteronomy 6:8.
Praetorium: the Roman governor's residence and office building, and those who work there.
A quadrans is a Roman coin worth about 1/64 of a denarius. A denarius is about one day's wages for an agricultural laborer.
Rabbi is a transliteration of the Hebrew word for "my teacher," used as a title of respect for Jewish teachers.
Rahab is either (1) The prostitute who hid Joshua's 2 spies in Jericho (Joshua 2,6) and later became an ancestor of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) and an example of faith (Hebrews 11:31; James 2:25). (2) Literally, "pride" or "arrogance" -- possibly a reference to a large aquatic creature (Job 9:13; 26:12; Isaiah 51:9) or symbolically referring to Egypt (Psalm 87:4; 89:10; Isaiah 30:7).
Rhabboni: a transliteration of the Hebrew word for "great teacher."
The seventh day of the week, set aside by God for man to rest.
The Greek word for "saints" literally means "holy ones." Saints are people set apart for service to God as holy and separate, living in righteousness. Used in the Bible to refer to all Christians and to all of those who worship Yahweh in Old Testament times.
A Samaritan is a resident of Samaria. The Samaritans and the Jews generally detested each other during the time that Jesus walked the Earth.
A sata is: a dry measure of capacity approximately equal to 13 liters or 1.5 pecks.
Satan means "accuser." This is one name for the devil, an enemy of God and God's people.
A scribe is one who copies God's law. They were often respected as teachers and authorities on God's law.
Selah is a musical term indicating a pause or instrumental interlude for reflection.
The term "sexual immorality" in the New Testament comes from the Greek "porneia," which refers to any sexual activity besides that between a husband and his wife. In other words, prostitution (male or female), bestiality, homosexual activity, any sexual intercourse outside of marriage, and the production and consumption of pornography all are included in this term.
A measure of weight, and when referring to that weight in gold, silver, or brass, of money. A shekel is approximately 16 grams, about a half an ounce, or 20 gerahs (Ezekiel 45:12).
Sheol is the place of the dead.
Shibah is Hebrew for "oath" or "seven." See Beersheba.
Victorious music.
"Soul" refers to the emotions and intellect of a living person, as well as that person's very life. It is distinguished in the Bible from a person's spirit and body. (1 Thessalonians 5:23, Hebrews 4:12)
The length from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is stretched out (about 9 inches or 22.8 cm.).
Spirit, breath, and wind all derive from the same Hebrew and Greek words. A person's spirit is the very essence of that person's life, which comes from God, who is a Spirit being (John 4:24, Genesis 1:2; 2:7). The Bible distinguishes between a person's spirit, soul, and body (1 Thessalonians 5:23, Hebrews 4:12). Some beings may exist as spirits without necessarily having a visible body, such as angels and demons (Luke 9:39, 1 John 4:1-3).
stadia: plural for "stadion," a linear measure of about 184.9 meters or 606.6 feet (the length of the race course at Olympia).
A stater is a Greek silver coin equivalent to four Attic or two Alexandrian drachmas, or a Jewish shekel: just exactly enough to cover the half-shekel Temple Tax for two people.
A measure of weight or mass of 3000 shekels.
Tartarus is the Greek name for an underworld for the wicked dead; another name for Gehenna or Hell.
Teraphim are household idols that may have been associated with inheritance rights to the household property.
"Yah" is a shortened form of "Yahweh," which is God's proper name. This form is used occasionally in the Old Testament, mostly in the Psalms. See "Yahweh."
"Yahweh" is God's proper name. In Hebrew, the four consonants roughly equivalent to YHWH were considered too holy to pronounce, so the Hebrew word for "Lord" (Adonai) was substituted when reading it aloud. When vowel points were added to the Hebrew Old Testament, the vowel points for "Adonai" were mixed with the consonants for "Yahweh," which if you pronounced it literally as written, would be pronounced "Yehovah" or "Jehovah." When the Old Testament was translated to Greek, the tradition of substituting "Lord" for God's proper name continued in the translation of God's name to "Lord" (Kurios). Some English Bibles translate God's proper name to "LORD" or "GOD" (usually with small capital letters), based on that same tradition. This can get really confusing, since two other words ("Adonai" and "Elohim") translate to "Lord" and "God," and they are sometimes used together. The ASV of 1901 (and some other translations) render YHWH as "Jehovah." The most probable pronunciation of God's proper name is "Yahweh." In Hebrew, the name "Yahweh" is related to the active declaration "I AM." See Exodus 3:13-14. Since Hebrew has no tenses, the declaration "I AM" also implies "I WAS" and "I WILL BE." Compare Revelation 1:8.