FOOTNOTES:[1]Prepared (for the authors) by Mr.F. H. Waterhouse, Librarian to the Zoological Society of London.[2]The termanteorbital glanddenotes the so-called "tear-bag” which opens on the face of many Antelopes and Deer. Thelachrymal pitsare placed in a depression of the skull below the orbit of the eye in the lachrymal bone, and contain the above-mentioned gland. Thelachrymal vacuityis a larger or smaller aperture between some of the component bones of the skull, situated near the lachrymal pit and at the base of the nasal bones, which form a thin roofing over the cavity of the nose. The termsupraorbital pitsis applied to deep excavations in the forehead of the skull between the eyes, which lead into perforations traversing the thickness of the bone. Themolar teethare the last three teeth on either side of each jaw.[3]These three measurements, when obtainable, will be given of the skull of every species throughout the work. The “basal length” is taken from the front lower edge of the large hole at the back of the skull, theforamen magnum, to the front of the muzzle, in a straight line; the other two explain themselves. The fourth and fifth measurements are only given in this genus to show the development of the frontal elongation.[4]These variations in curvature are probably mainly due to differences in age, the growth of the curved basal part of the horns giving at the various stages widely different directions to their tips.—S. & T.[5]See Mr. Ravenstein’s narrative of this journey, Pr. R. G. S. xiii. p. 193 (1891).[6]See “Routes and Districts in Southern Nyassaland,” by Lieut. B. L. Sclater, R.E., Geogr. Journ., Nov. 1893.[7]The following are the chief references to the Koba:—Le Koba, Buff. Hist. Nat. xii. p. 210, but not p. 268, or the horn pl. xxxii. fig. 2.Senegal Antelope, Pennant, Syn. Mamm. p. 38 (1764) (name and locality, but not description or woodcut of head, which refer toBubalis caama).Antilope koba, Erxl. Syst. R. A. p. 293 (1777) (name from Buffon, description from Pennant).Antilope senegalensis, G. Cuv. Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 235 (1804) (name based on Pennant).[8]‘Histoire Naturelle du Gnou, du Grand Gerbe et de l’Hippopotame.’ Amsterdam, 1776.[9]‘Beschryving van een nieuw viervoetig Dier aan de Kaap de Goede Hoop geheeten: Boschbuffel en by de Hottentotten aldaar genaamd Gnou.’ Amsterdam, 1784.[10]Unless when “Antilope quadriscopa” is rediscovered it shall prove to belong to this subfamily. See below, p. 124.[11]An animal to which the following names refer has been described as a member of this genus:—Antilope (Cephalophus) quadriscopa,H. Sm.Griff. An. K. iv. p. 261, fig. (♂), v. p. 345(1827).Quadriscopa smithii,Fitz.SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 167 (1869).Hab.Senegal.The figure, however, shows a species more like a Gazelle than a Duiker, although some of its characters seem rather Cephalophine. Whatever it may have been it has never been rediscovered, nor is its description sufficient for us to assign it to its proper place in the group.[12]From Loanda, farther south, the Lisbon Museum received, in 1869, the head of a large Duiker, which our friend Dr. Barboza du Bocage referred, rightly as it now proves, to Gray’sC. longiceps. Afterwards, however, in 1878, struck by the great development of the rufous crest, of which no mention had been previously made, he distinguished it asC. ruficrista. Thanks to his kindness we have now had an opportunity of comparing the typical head with those of the mounted specimens in the British Museum, and find it to be unquestionably the same, although, as the latter are very old, the rufous crests have been worn off and but little trace of them is left. Our figure (Plate XIV. fig. 2) shows, however, that in rather younger animals the crest is both well developed and very much of the same rufous colour as in the Lisbon example.[13]Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 94 (1873).[14]This name has no connection with the “Antilope zébré,Antilope fasciata, Geoff.,” mentioned (without a description) by Desmarest (N. Dict. d’H. N. (1) xxiv. tabl. p. 33, 1804). There is no evidence available to enable us to determine what this name refers to.
[1]Prepared (for the authors) by Mr.F. H. Waterhouse, Librarian to the Zoological Society of London.
[1]Prepared (for the authors) by Mr.F. H. Waterhouse, Librarian to the Zoological Society of London.
[2]The termanteorbital glanddenotes the so-called "tear-bag” which opens on the face of many Antelopes and Deer. Thelachrymal pitsare placed in a depression of the skull below the orbit of the eye in the lachrymal bone, and contain the above-mentioned gland. Thelachrymal vacuityis a larger or smaller aperture between some of the component bones of the skull, situated near the lachrymal pit and at the base of the nasal bones, which form a thin roofing over the cavity of the nose. The termsupraorbital pitsis applied to deep excavations in the forehead of the skull between the eyes, which lead into perforations traversing the thickness of the bone. Themolar teethare the last three teeth on either side of each jaw.
[2]The termanteorbital glanddenotes the so-called "tear-bag” which opens on the face of many Antelopes and Deer. Thelachrymal pitsare placed in a depression of the skull below the orbit of the eye in the lachrymal bone, and contain the above-mentioned gland. Thelachrymal vacuityis a larger or smaller aperture between some of the component bones of the skull, situated near the lachrymal pit and at the base of the nasal bones, which form a thin roofing over the cavity of the nose. The termsupraorbital pitsis applied to deep excavations in the forehead of the skull between the eyes, which lead into perforations traversing the thickness of the bone. Themolar teethare the last three teeth on either side of each jaw.
[3]These three measurements, when obtainable, will be given of the skull of every species throughout the work. The “basal length” is taken from the front lower edge of the large hole at the back of the skull, theforamen magnum, to the front of the muzzle, in a straight line; the other two explain themselves. The fourth and fifth measurements are only given in this genus to show the development of the frontal elongation.
[3]These three measurements, when obtainable, will be given of the skull of every species throughout the work. The “basal length” is taken from the front lower edge of the large hole at the back of the skull, theforamen magnum, to the front of the muzzle, in a straight line; the other two explain themselves. The fourth and fifth measurements are only given in this genus to show the development of the frontal elongation.
[4]These variations in curvature are probably mainly due to differences in age, the growth of the curved basal part of the horns giving at the various stages widely different directions to their tips.—S. & T.
[4]These variations in curvature are probably mainly due to differences in age, the growth of the curved basal part of the horns giving at the various stages widely different directions to their tips.—S. & T.
[5]See Mr. Ravenstein’s narrative of this journey, Pr. R. G. S. xiii. p. 193 (1891).
[5]See Mr. Ravenstein’s narrative of this journey, Pr. R. G. S. xiii. p. 193 (1891).
[6]See “Routes and Districts in Southern Nyassaland,” by Lieut. B. L. Sclater, R.E., Geogr. Journ., Nov. 1893.
[6]See “Routes and Districts in Southern Nyassaland,” by Lieut. B. L. Sclater, R.E., Geogr. Journ., Nov. 1893.
[7]The following are the chief references to the Koba:—Le Koba, Buff. Hist. Nat. xii. p. 210, but not p. 268, or the horn pl. xxxii. fig. 2.Senegal Antelope, Pennant, Syn. Mamm. p. 38 (1764) (name and locality, but not description or woodcut of head, which refer toBubalis caama).Antilope koba, Erxl. Syst. R. A. p. 293 (1777) (name from Buffon, description from Pennant).Antilope senegalensis, G. Cuv. Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 235 (1804) (name based on Pennant).
[7]The following are the chief references to the Koba:—
Le Koba, Buff. Hist. Nat. xii. p. 210, but not p. 268, or the horn pl. xxxii. fig. 2.Senegal Antelope, Pennant, Syn. Mamm. p. 38 (1764) (name and locality, but not description or woodcut of head, which refer toBubalis caama).Antilope koba, Erxl. Syst. R. A. p. 293 (1777) (name from Buffon, description from Pennant).Antilope senegalensis, G. Cuv. Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 235 (1804) (name based on Pennant).
Le Koba, Buff. Hist. Nat. xii. p. 210, but not p. 268, or the horn pl. xxxii. fig. 2.
Senegal Antelope, Pennant, Syn. Mamm. p. 38 (1764) (name and locality, but not description or woodcut of head, which refer toBubalis caama).
Antilope koba, Erxl. Syst. R. A. p. 293 (1777) (name from Buffon, description from Pennant).
Antilope senegalensis, G. Cuv. Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 235 (1804) (name based on Pennant).
[8]‘Histoire Naturelle du Gnou, du Grand Gerbe et de l’Hippopotame.’ Amsterdam, 1776.
[8]‘Histoire Naturelle du Gnou, du Grand Gerbe et de l’Hippopotame.’ Amsterdam, 1776.
[9]‘Beschryving van een nieuw viervoetig Dier aan de Kaap de Goede Hoop geheeten: Boschbuffel en by de Hottentotten aldaar genaamd Gnou.’ Amsterdam, 1784.
[9]‘Beschryving van een nieuw viervoetig Dier aan de Kaap de Goede Hoop geheeten: Boschbuffel en by de Hottentotten aldaar genaamd Gnou.’ Amsterdam, 1784.
[10]Unless when “Antilope quadriscopa” is rediscovered it shall prove to belong to this subfamily. See below, p. 124.
[10]Unless when “Antilope quadriscopa” is rediscovered it shall prove to belong to this subfamily. See below, p. 124.
[11]An animal to which the following names refer has been described as a member of this genus:—Antilope (Cephalophus) quadriscopa,H. Sm.Griff. An. K. iv. p. 261, fig. (♂), v. p. 345(1827).Quadriscopa smithii,Fitz.SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 167 (1869).Hab.Senegal.The figure, however, shows a species more like a Gazelle than a Duiker, although some of its characters seem rather Cephalophine. Whatever it may have been it has never been rediscovered, nor is its description sufficient for us to assign it to its proper place in the group.
[11]An animal to which the following names refer has been described as a member of this genus:—
Antilope (Cephalophus) quadriscopa,H. Sm.Griff. An. K. iv. p. 261, fig. (♂), v. p. 345(1827).
Quadriscopa smithii,Fitz.SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 167 (1869).
Hab.Senegal.
The figure, however, shows a species more like a Gazelle than a Duiker, although some of its characters seem rather Cephalophine. Whatever it may have been it has never been rediscovered, nor is its description sufficient for us to assign it to its proper place in the group.
[12]From Loanda, farther south, the Lisbon Museum received, in 1869, the head of a large Duiker, which our friend Dr. Barboza du Bocage referred, rightly as it now proves, to Gray’sC. longiceps. Afterwards, however, in 1878, struck by the great development of the rufous crest, of which no mention had been previously made, he distinguished it asC. ruficrista. Thanks to his kindness we have now had an opportunity of comparing the typical head with those of the mounted specimens in the British Museum, and find it to be unquestionably the same, although, as the latter are very old, the rufous crests have been worn off and but little trace of them is left. Our figure (Plate XIV. fig. 2) shows, however, that in rather younger animals the crest is both well developed and very much of the same rufous colour as in the Lisbon example.
[12]From Loanda, farther south, the Lisbon Museum received, in 1869, the head of a large Duiker, which our friend Dr. Barboza du Bocage referred, rightly as it now proves, to Gray’sC. longiceps. Afterwards, however, in 1878, struck by the great development of the rufous crest, of which no mention had been previously made, he distinguished it asC. ruficrista. Thanks to his kindness we have now had an opportunity of comparing the typical head with those of the mounted specimens in the British Museum, and find it to be unquestionably the same, although, as the latter are very old, the rufous crests have been worn off and but little trace of them is left. Our figure (Plate XIV. fig. 2) shows, however, that in rather younger animals the crest is both well developed and very much of the same rufous colour as in the Lisbon example.
[13]Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 94 (1873).
[13]Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 94 (1873).
[14]This name has no connection with the “Antilope zébré,Antilope fasciata, Geoff.,” mentioned (without a description) by Desmarest (N. Dict. d’H. N. (1) xxiv. tabl. p. 33, 1804). There is no evidence available to enable us to determine what this name refers to.
[14]This name has no connection with the “Antilope zébré,Antilope fasciata, Geoff.,” mentioned (without a description) by Desmarest (N. Dict. d’H. N. (1) xxiv. tabl. p. 33, 1804). There is no evidence available to enable us to determine what this name refers to.
Transcriber’s Notes: 1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.