Chapter 20

Further: TheRulepermits light in the dormitory; to sleep, young and old, in their clothes, with their girdles on, as servants ready to attend their Lord, come he at what hour he may. Upon cases of delinquency, where admonition has failed to produce reformation, public reprehension and excommunication are pronounced, and on failure of these also to effect a change, recourse is to be had to corporal chastisement.

For faultsof a lighter nature, the offender is subjected to the smaller and temporary excommunication of eating alone, after the brotherhood have finished; but for graver offences, the delinquent is banished from the public table, excluded from prayer and society, neither himself nor his food to receive the benediction, and those who join or speak to him to be placed under the ban of excommunication. In the meantime the Abbot, with paternal solicitude for his penitence and restoration, deputes certain of the elder brethren to exhort him to humility, and to make such reparation and satisfaction as the infringement of the rule demands. The whole congregation meanwhile are to pray for him. If all these means should fail to attain the object in view, the last step to be taken is that of formal expulsion from the convent; and no person so expelled can be received back after the third expulsion. Children are to be punished by fasting or whipping.

The Cellareris to do nothing without the Abbot’s order; and in large houses he is allowed to have assistants. Habits and goods of the house to be under the custody of proper officers, and the Abbot to have an account of them. There is to be no [private] property: distribution of things needful, to be made according to every one’s necessities. The monks are to serve weekly, and by turns, in the kitchen and at table. Upon having their weeks, both he that left it, and he that began it, to wash the feet of the others; on Saturdays, to clean all the plates, and the linen used in the washing of feet; to replace all the dishes clean and whole in the hands of the Cellarer, who is to give them to the new Hebdomadary. These officers are to have drink and food before the others, and above the common allowance, so that they may wait upon them with cheerfulness. On solemn days, both on entering and retiring from office, the Hebdomadaries are to continue till themasses. After matins on the Sunday, theyare to kneel and beg the others to pray for them; those going out are then to say a certain prayer three times, and receive thebenediction, whilst the one coming in does the same, and after benediction goes into office.

The Infirmary.—This department had its particular officer, who had the direction of the baths, and administration of the medicine and diet ordered for the sick. The rule was mitigated in favour of children and aged men, who had leave to anticipate the usual hours of eating. The refection, as already described, was conducted in silence—all listening to the Scripture-reader, whose voice alone was heard during the repast. Whatever was wanted, was asked for by sign. The reader was appointed weekly. The dinner consisted of two dishes only, with fruit; and to each monk, daily, one pound of bread was distributed, which was to suffice for both dinner and supper. No animal food was allowed, except to the sick and aged in the infirmary. The allowance of wine was three-quarters of a pint per day. From Holyrood-day to Lent, the dinner hour was atnones; in Lent till Easter, at six o’clock; from Easter to Pentecost, atsext; and all summer, except on Wednesdays and Fridays, atnones. The collation, or spiritual lecture, was given every night beforecomplin—that is, after supper; and complin finished, they were enjoined strict silence.

Tardiness at church or table was punished with loss of rank, prohibition of wine, or their usual allowance, or sitting in the place of disgrace. The excommunicated were condemned to make prostration with the face toward the ground, and without the church gate, when the monks proceed to prayers. For any fault in thechant, he who made it was to ask immediate pardon; and in other places, breaking of any utensil, or neglect of duty, was to be spontaneously acknowledged before the Abbot and congregation. The signal for repairing to church was given by theAbbot; and nobody was to sing or read there without his leave.

Daily workwas to be done fromprimetill near ten o’clock, fromEastertill the kalends of October, and from ten till twelve o’clock was to be spent in reading. After refection at noon, the monks were allowed to take theirmeridianor siesta; but those who preferred reading were allowed to do so. After nones, labour was recommenced and continued until the evening, from the kalends of October until Lent, reading till eightA.M., thenTierce, and afterwards labour until nones. After refection they had reading or psalmody. In Lent they had reading until tierce; doing what was ordered [in the Ritual] until ten—with the delivery of the books at their season.[413]It was the duty of theSeniorto go round the house, and see that the monks were not idle. On Sunday, all spent their time in reading—except the officers, and the idle and infirm, who had work given them. During Lent, abstinence from meat, drink, and sleep, with a grave,pious, and solemn demeanour, are more strictly enjoined, and, if need be, enforced. If engaged in a journey, the monks are to halt wherever they may happen to be at the time, and there say the canonical hours. [An instance of this punctuality has been given in our account of Tinterne Abbey.] Monks staying out of convent beyond a day, are not to eat in secular society without leave of the Abbot. The church was never to be used but for the solemnity of prayer: any other use was to be considered desecration in its gravest sense.

Strangersare to be received by the monks to join them in prayers—with the salutation of peace, and prostration, and washing of feet, as ofChrist, whom they represent. They are then led to prayers; the Scriptures are read to them; after which the Prior, except on very solemn occasions, is permitted to break his fast. TheAbbot’skitchen and that of the visitors, are to be kept separate; so that the brethren may not be disturbed by guests or pilgrims coming in at unseasonable hours. No letters or presents can be received without leave from the Abbot. When he has no strangers in the convent, the Abbot may invite to his table certain of the brotherhood in rotation.

Workmenor artisans in the house are to labour for the common profit. Novices are to be tried by austerities, denials, and hard essays, before admission: their term of probation to comprise twelve months; in the interim, the rule is to be read to them every fourth month. They are then to be admitted by a petition laid upon theAltar, and by prostration at the feet of all the monks. [See the forms already given in our notice of Tinterne Abbey.]

Parentsare to dedicate their children to the service of God, by wrapping their hands in the pall of the altar; promising to leavenothingto them that might serve as a temptation to their leaving the house or convent for the world; but if they bring anything with them, the use of it is to be reserved during their lives.

Priestsrequesting admission are to be tried by delays; to sit near the Abbot, and conform to therule, but not to exercise sacerdotal functions without special leave. Stranger monks are to be received hospitably, and, if shown to be of good character and morals, invited to take up their abode. Monks who have been ordained priests, are to be subject to theruleand officers of the establishment, or to incur the pain of expulsion.

Precedenceis to be taken in accordance with the time of profession: the elders are to address the juniors asbrothers; and the latter to address the former asnonnos, or fathers; the Abbot to be styled Dominus, or father-abbot. When two monks meet, the junior is to ask the benediction of his senior; and when he passes by, the junior is respectfully to rise, offer him his seat, and not to sit down again until invited.

The Electionof abbots was determined by the whole society, and a plurality of votes; the grand recommendation of the candidate for that sacred office,being the purity of his life and conduct. The prior was elected by the Abbot, who could depose him for disobedience, or any flagrant abuse of power or neglect of duty. Among the minor officials—

The Abbey Porterwas required to be a shrewd old man—able to give and receive an answer; he was to have a cell near the gatehouse, and a junior porter for his companion. It was very desirable, in order to prevent the habit of straying beyond the abbey walls, to have a mill, well, bakehouse, and other domestic offices within the house, with a garden and orchard adjoining. Monks going on a journey are to have the prayers of the congregation beforehand; and on their return to the convent, they are to confess and solicit pardon for any excesses they may have committed whilst abroad.

Undertakings, which had subsequently appeared difficult or even impossible to carry out, agreeably to the orders of the Superior, were to be humbly represented to him; but if he persisted, then the assistance of God was to be implored, and relied upon, for their final accomplishment. No monk was permitted to defend or excuse the delinquency of a brother: no blow was to be inflicted—no excommunication carried into effect—without the knowledge and express sanction of the Abbot. In the correction of children and pupils, a discretionary power was allowed. The duty of mutual obedience was straitly enjoined; but no member was permitted, in obedience to orders, to give to any private person a preference over his monastic superiors. And the apology to be made and demanded in such cases, was prostration at the feet of the superiors, until their anger or displeasure was appeased, the rule of the institution vindicated, and the offender brought to a due sense of his degradation.[414]

Habit.—“As for the habits of the Benedictine monks,” says Stevens, “they were left to the discretion of the abbots, according to the nature and temperature of the country, as it was hotter or colder.” Nothing could be more sensible and considerate; for it cannot be doubted that a neglect of this must be attended with pernicious consequences to the general health of any society, that numbered amongst its members the natives of various climates, which, in point of dress, required a special regulation.

In temperate climates, aCowland a tunic were sufficient—the cowl of a thicker texture for winter, and a thinner for summer—with a scapular to work in. The scapular was the upper garment during the time of labour, which was thrown off at pleasure, and the cowl worn during the remainder of the day. Every monk had twotunicsand two cowls, either to change at night or to have them washed. The stuff of which they were made, was to be the cheapest the country afforded. To the end that no man might have any property—thatis, anything that he might call his own—the Abbot supplied them all with everything necessary in point of clothing. Besides the habit, each monk had a handkerchief, a knife, a needle, a steel pen, and tablets to write upon. Their beds were mats, with a straw paillasse, a piece of serge, a blanket, and a pillow.

St. Benedictdid not decide of what colour the habit should be; but it appears, from the inspection of ancient pictures, that the garment worn by the first Benedictines was white, and the scapular black—that the scapular then worn was not of the same shape as that used by the Order in the present day. It was more like the jerkins or jackets worn by sailors, except that it was not open in front, but only a little in the sides. That description of garment had been long in use before the common garment, worn by the peasantry and poor people, was introduced. This will be understood by referring to the woodcut.

A black woollen robe covers the whole body and feet; the hood is loose, obtuse, oval, and broad; the scapulary is plain, of the breadth of the abdomen; the girdle is broad, with a black cowl descending to the ancles. The inner tunics, in general, are black, and the shirt is narrow at the wrist; but in the house, the monk lays aside the hood, girds his scapulary, and wears a crested or twofold cap on his head. Owing to the sombre hue that prevailed in their habit, they were calledBlack Friars.[415]

The Nunsof this Order wear a black robe, with a scapular of the same colour and texture; and under this black robe they wear a tunic of wool that has not been dyed; others wear the tunic quite white. In the choir, or upon solemn occasions, they wear over all a black cowl, like that of the monks; but in the engravings of Benedictine Sisters, a black veil and white wimple are introduced.

Authoritiesquoted or referred to in the preceding articles:—History of Monmouth—Pembroke—Glamorgan—English Baronage—Monasticon—Memoir of Owen Glendower—Welsh Genealogical History—King’s Munimenta Antiq.—Carlisle and Lewis’ Wales—Roscoe’s South Wales—Illustrations of Magna Charta—Life of Charles I.—Mem. of Cromwell and the Parliament—Puritanism in Wales—the English Historians and Chroniclers—with most of the Authorities, local and national, already enumerated in the preceding sections of the work.Chepstow.—The reference to the Appendix, in the note at the bottom of page 32, is explained in the account ofNeath Abbey.[In the course of this work, it has been our pleasing duty to refer to numerous authors, ancient and modern, on whose authority, in the various branches of Archæology, our observations have been frequently based; and now that we are closing another volume, it would be injustice to the memory of departed worth to pass over in comparative silence the author of “Tinterne Abbey and its Vicinity.”Mr. W. Hearde Thomas, by whose premature death the republic of letters has lost a zealous and valuable contributor, was many years a medical practitioner in the retired village of Tinterne-Parva; where, in the exercise of his profession among a widely-scattered population, he had daily opportunities of visiting those classic and time-hallowed remains with which the county of Monmouth is so greatly enriched, and thus collected materials for the local guide-book which associates his name so favourably with Tinterne Abbey and other historical sites, which have recently passed under our notice.The merits of his little work—far above the ordinary hand-books of the day—were speedily noticed by the press in terms of approbation and encouragement. To the various objects which he undertook to illustrate, he brought the united tastes and acquirements of historian, antiquary, and poet—the result of much reading, close observation, and a delicate perception of those natural beauties which are so profusely scattered along the banks of the Wye. To these were added an early taste for Natural history,[416]which was assiduously and successfully cultivated during his residence at Tinterne. To him the embroidery of flowers, the “garniture of fields”—mountain, forest, and “minnowy brook,” were objects of never-failing interest and contemplation, the results of which he had purposed in due time to lay before the public.For the prosecution of these studies, a visit to Canada, and personal examination of its natural history, had given him various facilities not to be acquired on this side of the Atlantic. But his constitution, naturally delicate, had slowly given way under the combined influence of mental and bodily fatigue; and when overtaken at last by the heaviest of domestic calamities—the death of his wife—such was the prostration of his health and spirits, that, as a last resource, he made preparation to emigrate to one of our colonies, where the effects of a genial climate were held out as the only means of re-establishing his health, and opening a wider and safer field for the exercise of professional talent and industry.This cheering prospect, however, was but a glimpse of sunshine, that soon disappeared in disappointment and darkness. A rapid journey to London, at an inclement season, induced a train of symptoms which, assuming a more and more decided character, continued their fatal progress until arrested by the hand of death, which took place in December, 1848.He died in the prime of life, having survived his wife one brief twelvemonth, and left behind him an infant family, with “a father’s blessing for their patrimony,” for whom no better wish can be expressed by his friends than that they may inherit their father’s virtues, without his sorrows. These orphans were immediately transferred to the care of a near relative, under whose affectionate guardianship and devoted care they have already shown evidence of an intellectual capacity that expands by cultivation, and promises to bring forth good fruit in its season.As far as the loss of parents could be supplied at their tender age, it has been supplied by this relative—whose delicacy must not be hurt by any commendation from a stranger, whose only object, in thus closing the volume, is to record his admiration of Genius that so often flourishes and fades in the shade; yet, strong in the faith that looks for a better country, feels that the trials of this life are all softened, if not disarmed, by the practice of virtue, and a humble reliance on the promises of God.In the little churchyard of Tinterne-Parva—which he had so feelingly described—repose the remains of William Hearde Thomas, and the short-lived partner of his joys and sorrows.]

Chepstow.—The reference to the Appendix, in the note at the bottom of page 32, is explained in the account ofNeath Abbey.

[In the course of this work, it has been our pleasing duty to refer to numerous authors, ancient and modern, on whose authority, in the various branches of Archæology, our observations have been frequently based; and now that we are closing another volume, it would be injustice to the memory of departed worth to pass over in comparative silence the author of “Tinterne Abbey and its Vicinity.”Mr. W. Hearde Thomas, by whose premature death the republic of letters has lost a zealous and valuable contributor, was many years a medical practitioner in the retired village of Tinterne-Parva; where, in the exercise of his profession among a widely-scattered population, he had daily opportunities of visiting those classic and time-hallowed remains with which the county of Monmouth is so greatly enriched, and thus collected materials for the local guide-book which associates his name so favourably with Tinterne Abbey and other historical sites, which have recently passed under our notice.

The merits of his little work—far above the ordinary hand-books of the day—were speedily noticed by the press in terms of approbation and encouragement. To the various objects which he undertook to illustrate, he brought the united tastes and acquirements of historian, antiquary, and poet—the result of much reading, close observation, and a delicate perception of those natural beauties which are so profusely scattered along the banks of the Wye. To these were added an early taste for Natural history,[416]which was assiduously and successfully cultivated during his residence at Tinterne. To him the embroidery of flowers, the “garniture of fields”—mountain, forest, and “minnowy brook,” were objects of never-failing interest and contemplation, the results of which he had purposed in due time to lay before the public.

For the prosecution of these studies, a visit to Canada, and personal examination of its natural history, had given him various facilities not to be acquired on this side of the Atlantic. But his constitution, naturally delicate, had slowly given way under the combined influence of mental and bodily fatigue; and when overtaken at last by the heaviest of domestic calamities—the death of his wife—such was the prostration of his health and spirits, that, as a last resource, he made preparation to emigrate to one of our colonies, where the effects of a genial climate were held out as the only means of re-establishing his health, and opening a wider and safer field for the exercise of professional talent and industry.

This cheering prospect, however, was but a glimpse of sunshine, that soon disappeared in disappointment and darkness. A rapid journey to London, at an inclement season, induced a train of symptoms which, assuming a more and more decided character, continued their fatal progress until arrested by the hand of death, which took place in December, 1848.

He died in the prime of life, having survived his wife one brief twelvemonth, and left behind him an infant family, with “a father’s blessing for their patrimony,” for whom no better wish can be expressed by his friends than that they may inherit their father’s virtues, without his sorrows. These orphans were immediately transferred to the care of a near relative, under whose affectionate guardianship and devoted care they have already shown evidence of an intellectual capacity that expands by cultivation, and promises to bring forth good fruit in its season.

As far as the loss of parents could be supplied at their tender age, it has been supplied by this relative—whose delicacy must not be hurt by any commendation from a stranger, whose only object, in thus closing the volume, is to record his admiration of Genius that so often flourishes and fades in the shade; yet, strong in the faith that looks for a better country, feels that the trials of this life are all softened, if not disarmed, by the practice of virtue, and a humble reliance on the promises of God.

In the little churchyard of Tinterne-Parva—which he had so feelingly described—repose the remains of William Hearde Thomas, and the short-lived partner of his joys and sorrows.]

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Completion of Ryall’s Portraits of Eminent Conservatives and Statesmen. Dedicated by permission to the Carlton Club.

This magnificent work forms Two splendid Volumes, folio, in superb morocco bindings, comprising Seventy-two highly-finished Engravings, by first-rate artists, after Portraits by Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A., Sir G. Hayter, R.A., H. W. Pickersgill, R.A., A. F. Chalon, R.A., T. Phillips, R.A., H. P. Briggs, R.A., and other eminent Painters. Average size of the Engravings, 9-1/2 inches by 7-5/8 inches.The Portraits are accompanied by Biographical Memoirs, which have been written expressly for this work, by Members of the Senate, the Bar, and authors of high reputation.Two Vols. morocco, elegant, gilt leaves, 8l.; Ditto, large paper, India proofs, elegant, gilt leaves, 12l.Subscribers are requested to complete their sets without delay, as a very limited number of the Parts remain on hand.

The Portraits are accompanied by Biographical Memoirs, which have been written expressly for this work, by Members of the Senate, the Bar, and authors of high reputation.

Two Vols. morocco, elegant, gilt leaves, 8l.; Ditto, large paper, India proofs, elegant, gilt leaves, 12l.

Subscribers are requested to complete their sets without delay, as a very limited number of the Parts remain on hand.

Shakspere Illustrated, (a new Edition,) comprising the whole of the Dramatic Works of our Immortal Bard; the text of which has been entirely and carefully revised from the best authorities, with copious Introductory Notes to each Play by eminent writers, and explanatory elucidations of all the difficult passages. The work is further enriched by a Biography of Shakspere, collected from various sources of the highest accuracy, and an inquiry into the authenticity of his Portraits, by A. Wivell, Esq. The Embellishments consist of a series of Steel Plates, designed by the best masters, of the Principal Scenes in the various Plays, Landscape Illustrations of the most remarkable places, and Portraits of distinguished Characters. The whole forming one of the neatest, cheapest, and best books ever published. Super royal 8vo. Price 1l.5s.cloth.

The People’s Edition of the Works of Burns. Embellished by no less than Thirty-three fine Plates (after Wright and other artists), illustrative of the principal subjects of his Poems. With a New Life of Burns, and Explanatory Notes preceding each Poem, by Allan Cunningham. In One handsome Volume, super-royal 8vo, cloth extra, 18s.An Edition of this Work, with 61 Engravings, 1l.4s.

This will be found the most complete and best edition of the Works of Burns yet offered to the public, and the only one edited by and published under the immediate superintendence of Mr. Cunningham.⁂ Be careful to order the “People’s Edition.”

This will be found the most complete and best edition of the Works of Burns yet offered to the public, and the only one edited by and published under the immediate superintendence of Mr. Cunningham.

⁂ Be careful to order the “People’s Edition.”

A New Pictorial Edition of the Works of Josephus. With an Introductory Essay, by the Rev. Henry Stebbing, D.D., author of the “History of the Christian Church,” &c. &c. Illustrated by Eighty fine Woodcuts, from Designs by Melville. Also, Eleven Engravings on Steel, and a Portrait of the Author. Beautifully printed, in One Volume, super-royal 8vo, cloth, 1l.5s.

The Pictorial Edition of the Pilgrim’s Progress. A splendidly Illustrated Edition, in super-royal 8vo, comprising 120 fine Engravings in the new style on Wood, by the Messrs. Whimper, from Designs made expressly for the purpose, by artists of the highest celebrity. Also Nine elegant Engravings on Steel, with a Portrait and Fac-simile of John Bunyan’s Will. Complete in One handsome Volume, cloth boards, 18s.

A New Pictorial Edition of the Holy War. A most beautiful work, uniform in size and style, forming an appropriate companion to the “Pictorial Pilgrim’s Progress.” Containing numerous splendid Illustrations, designed expressly for this work. Bound in neat cloth, 12s.

London: GEORGE VIRTUE; Sold byHall & Co.25, Paternoster-row.

WORKS BY THE REV. DR. FLETCHER, OF FINSBURY CHAPEL.

THE THIRTIETH EDITION OF 1000 EACH.

Strongly recommended to the Congregational Churches of Great Britain. Newly revised and corrected by the Author. In One Volume, 4to, neatly bound in cloth, gilt, price 1l.6s.

A Guide to Family Devotion. By the Rev. Alexander Fletcher, D.D., containing 730 Hymns, 730 Prayers, and 730 Passages of Scripture, with appropriate Reflections. Also, an Appendix, comprising a great variety of Hymns and Prayers, to suit particular Days, Seasons, and Events of Providence. The whole is so arranged as to form the most complete and distinct Family Service for every Morning and Evening in the Year, ever published. It is embellished with Sixteen fine Engravings on Steel, after the Old Masters, and a superb Frontispiece.

“Our attention has lately been called to an advertisement of a book of ‘Family Devotion, containing the morning and evening service of a family for every day throughout the year.’ According to the advertisement, this new Order for Morning and Evening Prayer daily throughout the year is already in its thirtieth edition of 1,000 each. 30,000 copies of a book of common prayer for Dissenters, recommended by twenty-five distinguished ministers, whose names are given, and who include some of the most prominent of the day, cannot be dispersed throughout England without working some considerable change in the minds of probably 200,000 persons.”—Times, Sept. 27, 1843.

This work, as may be seen below, has been strongly recommended by the most talented Ministers of all denominations. As it is by no means Sectarian, all sects and divisions of the Christian Churches both use and recommend it. In addition to this, a very large circulation has been obtained for the work in America, and nearly a hundred of the most influential of the Transatlantic Ministers have sent letters to the Publisher, testifying their high sense of approbation, earnestly advocating its merits to their Flocks and to the Religious Public at large.

The following are a few of the English Ministers who have expressed their high satisfaction with it:—

Rev. J. A. James, Birmingham.J. Pye Smith, D.D. Homerton.T. Raffles, LL.D. Liverpool.F. A. Cox, LL.D. Hackney.W. B. Collyer, D.D. Peckham.G. Collison, D.D. Hackney.Adam Thomson, D.D. Coldstream.Josiah Pratt, B.D. Vicar of St. Stephen’s, London.J. Sherman, Surrey Chapel.James Parsons, York.John Clayton, Poultry Chapel.J. Davis, Bristol.G. Legge, Bristol.G. Lawson, Selkirk.T. Binney, Weigh-House.Samuel Luke, Chester.John Ely, Leeds.R. Philip, Maberly Chapel.H. Calderwood, Kendal.J. Sibree, Coventry.J. Young, Albion Chapel.Samuel Ransom, Hackney.J. Gilbert, Islington.P. Brotherston, Alloa.J. W. Massie, Manchester.

Scripture History. Designed for the Improvement of Youth. Embellished with 211 Engravings and an elegant Frontispiece. In Two Volumes, 16mo, cloth gilt, 18s.

This is a most excellent book; the engravings are well designed to attract, and the letter-press to arrest, the minds of the young, and lead them to a study of that holy and blessed Volume whence all these pleasing incidents are gathered. To all concerned in the instruction of the rising generation these volumes are invaluable.

Scripture Natural History. Illustrated by upwards of 256 beautiful Woodcuts. In Two very neat Volumes, cloth gilt, 1l.

The object of this most splendid work is to illustrate and explain the Sacred Text, by imparting useful and sound knowledge in a pleasing yet attractive form, and gradually to impart to the minds of children a strong desire to become further acquainted with the workings of Divine Providence, as shown in this most delightful and instructive portion of Nature, and to elevate the youthful mind to adore the goodness, power, and glory of the Most High God.

Sermons to Young People. Neatly done up in cloth, with gilt leaves, uniform with the “Lady’s Closet Library.”

First Series: The Wisdom and Glory of God. 432 pages, demy 18mo, with 12 highly-finished Engravings, 4s.6d.

Second Series: A Course of Sermons on Obedience to Parents. 432 pages and 10 Plates, 4s.6d.

Third Series: On the Seasons and Events of Providence. 432 pages and 9 Illustrations, 4s.6d.

The above will be found a most useful and valuable aid to Sunday School Teachers and those engaged in the instruction of youth.

The Lady’s Closet Library. By Robert Philip, Author of “The Life and Times of Whitefield,” &c. Price 3s.6d.cloth gilt, each Vol.

I.—The Marys; or, the Beauties of Female Holiness. Seventh Thousand.

II.—The Marthas; or, the Varieties of Female Piety. Fifth Thousand.

III.—The Lydias; or, the Development of Female Character. Fourth Thousand.

IV.—The Hannahs; or, Maternal Influence on Sons. Second Thousand. With a Portrait.

London: GEORGE VIRTUE; Sold byHall & Co.25, Paternoster-row.

WORKS BY THE REV. JOHN CUMMING, D.D.

MINISTER OF THE SCOTCH NATIONAL CHURCH, CROWN COURT, COVENT GARDEN.

Infant Salvation; or, All Saved that Die in Infancy. Specially addressed to Mothers mourning the loss of Infants and Children. Second Edition, foolscap 8vo, neatly bound in cloth, price 2s.6d.

The Baptismal Font; or, an Exposition of the Nature and Obligations of Christian Baptism, with an Appendix. Foolscap 8vo, cloth, 2s.6d.

“This is a judicious work, and well calculated for much usefulness.”—Record.

A Message from God; or, Thoughts on Religion for Thinking Men. Second Edition, foolscap 8vo, cloth, 2s.6d.

The True Succession; a Sermon preached before the London Missionary Society, May, 1846. Third Edition. Foolscap 8vo, 6d.

A Portrait of the Rev. John Cumming, D.D. Minister of the Scottish National Church, Crown Court, Little Russell Street, Covent Garden; Engraved by Thomson, from a Painting by W. Booth, Esq. in the possession of Dr. Cumming. Large paper, India, 5s.; small paper, 2s.6d.

Virtue’s Scripture Illustrations; chiefly from the Old Masters. With Historical and Descriptive Notes, by the Rev. John Cumming, D.D. With Seventy-two Engravings, in One splendid Volume, 4to, cloth gilt, 1l.5s.

The Pictorial Edition of Fox’s Acts and Monuments of the Church. With an Introductory Essay; and the whole carefully Revised and Edited by the Rev. John Cumming, D.D. Illustrated with numerous Wood Engravings, by eminent Artists, together with a Series of highly-finished Portraits of the leading Characters connected with the Reformation, and other illustrative Plates. Beautifully printed in super-royal 8vo, in Three large Volumes, cloth gilt, each containing upwards of eleven hundred pages, 3l.13s.6d.

Select Poetry for Children, with brief Explanatory Notes by Joseph Payne, Author of Studies in English Poetry. Fifth Edition, corrected and enlarged, for the use of Schools. In 18mo, price 3s.extra cloth.

“A very nice little volume, containing a charming collection of poetry.”—Spectator.“We do not know any other book that, in the same compass, contains such a rich selection of pieces, that are at once sprightly and instructive, pathetic and devout.”—Congregational Magazine.“A very pleasing and suitable selection.”—Westminster Review.“A judicious selection of attractive poems, suited to children between six and twelve, comprising subjects in which they can sympathize.”—Asiatic Journal.“A very good selection.”—Wesleyan Methodist Magazine.“No school or nursery, mother or teacher, ought to be without it.”—Manchester Chronicle.“This is a very good selection, made with pains and judiciously arranged.”—Patriot.

“A very nice little volume, containing a charming collection of poetry.”—Spectator.

“We do not know any other book that, in the same compass, contains such a rich selection of pieces, that are at once sprightly and instructive, pathetic and devout.”—Congregational Magazine.

“A very pleasing and suitable selection.”—Westminster Review.

“A judicious selection of attractive poems, suited to children between six and twelve, comprising subjects in which they can sympathize.”—Asiatic Journal.

“A very good selection.”—Wesleyan Methodist Magazine.

“No school or nursery, mother or teacher, ought to be without it.”—Manchester Chronicle.

“This is a very good selection, made with pains and judiciously arranged.”—Patriot.

Studies in English Poetry, with short Biographical Sketches and Notes, Explanatory and Critical. Intended as a Text-Book for the higher Classes in Schools, and as an Introduction to the study of English Literature. By Joseph Payne. In 12mo, price 6s.bound in embossed roan.

Household Verses. By Bernard Barton. Dedicated to the Queen, by her Majesty’s express permission. Embellished with a Vignette Title and Frontispiece, engraved by Bentley, from Drawings by Churchyard. Price 6s.neatly bound in extra cloth.

Watts’s Divine and Moral Songs. Illustrated by Anecdotes and Reflections. By the Rev. Ingram Cobbin, A.M. Embellished with numerous Wood Engravings. In 18mo. Price 1s.6d.cloth lettered.

“The young reader will derive additional instruction, as well as entertainment, from the appropriate anecdotes and reflections introduced into this edition, which is well printed also, and attractive to the eye.”—Baptist Magazine.

London: GEORGE VIRTUE; Sold byHall & Co.25, Paternoster-row.

USEFUL AND STANDARD WORKS

The People’s Music Book. By James Turle, Esq. Organist of Westminster Abbey; and Edward Taylor, Esq. Gresham Professor of Music. Complete in Three Vols. in very handsome cloth bindings. Price 1l.12s.The Volumes may be had separately:

s.d.I.—Psalm Tunes 8 0II.—Sacred Music, Chants, &c. 12 0III.—Songs, Duets, Trios, Glees, Madrigals, &c. 12 0

A Work intended to meet the growing demand for Music among all classes of the community.—Principally arranged for Four Voices, and an Accompaniment for the Organ or Pianoforte; forming, respectively, a complete body of the best Music for the Cathedral, the Church or Chapel, the Family, the Glee Club, and the Madrigal Society.

⁂ A considerable allowance will be made to Congregations adopting the Psalm Tunes, and taking a number of copies, and to Choirs, Choral and Madrigal Societies, &c., with the sacred and secular music.

Mozart’s Requiem—his last and greatest Work—adapted to English Words, selected chiefly from the Scriptures, and approved by Ecclesiastical Dignitaries; by the Gresham Professor of Music, E. Taylor, Esq.; and with Accompaniments arranged from the original score, by J. Turle, Esq. Organist of Westminster Abbey. In one neat volume, oblong royal 4to, price 6s.

The Life and Writings of Robert Burns; a copiously Illustrated Edition, comprising 73 spirited Engravings, after Wright, Bartlett, and others; with an Introduction to each Piece, by the late Allan Cunningham, and the only one published under his immediate superintendence. In Two Volumes, 2l.10s.

New Illustrated Edition of the Works of Miss Jane Porter.

1. The Scottish Chiefs. With an entirely new Preface and Notes by the Author, a splendid Portrait after Harlowe, Vignette Title-Pages, and Eleven superior Engravings, together with numerous Tail-Pieces and ornamental Headings, illustrative of the principal scenes and incidents that transpire in the course of this interesting historical Work, tastefully interspersed. In Two Volumes, 8vo. cloth, 1l.1s.

2. Thaddeus of Warsaw, (uniform with the “Scottish Chiefs,”) introduced by a new Preface and many Explanatory Notes, written expressly for this Edition, by the Authoress, and Illustrated by numerous Steel Plates, from Designs by E. Corbould, Esq. One Volume, 8vo, cloth, 13s.6d.

3. The Pastor’s Fireside. With an Original Preface and Explanatory Notes, illustrated by numerous Steel Engravings. Price 18s.cloth.

Steill’s Pictorial Spelling-Book; or, Lessons on Facts and Objects. Beyond the Alphabet the contents of this book differ materially from ordinary Spelling-Books; while the Child is learning to read words of one syllable, it will acquire some knowledge of Arithmetic and other useful subjects; and the general plan of the book, to say nothing of its very numerous Pictorial Embellishments, will impart pleasure both to the Teacher and Pupil. Fifth Edition. With 130 graphic Illustrations, 1s.6d.cloth.

Brown’s Manual of Modern Farriery: embracing the Cure of Diseases incidental to Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, and Dogs. With Instructions in Racing, Hunting, Coursing, Shooting, Fishing, and Field Sports generally. Together with a general Summary of the present Game Laws. By Thomas Brown, M.P.S. Member of the Royal Agricultural Society; late President of the Royal Physical Society; Author of “Biographical Sketches of Horses and Dogs.” Illustrated by 15 beautiful and useful Engravings. In 19 Parts at 1s.each.

Rollin’s Ancient History of the Medes, Persians, Egyptians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Macedonians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, Alexander the Great, and his successors. Illustrated by many fine Plates, and a series of Maps especially compiled for the Work. The whole has been corrected, revised, and many valuable notes added, by a Clergyman of the Established Church. Complete in Two Volumes, 8vo, in a neat cloth binding, 1l.1s.

London: GEORGE VIRTUE; Sold byHall & Co.25, Paternoster-row.

Select Theological Works.

Under the Patronage of her Majesty the Queen Dowager.

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