Plate 120Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2053. Turning tool for metal.Vtool.
2054. Turning tool for metal.Vtool for inside threads.
2055. Turning tool for metal.Side tool for square shoulders.
2056. Turning tool for metal.Side tool for square shoulders, right hand.
2057. Turning tool for metal.Boring tool.
2058. Turning tool for metal.Boring tool for square shoulders.
2059. Turning tool for metal.Boring tool for square shoulders.
2060. Hand planing toolfor soft metals—lead, pewter, &c.
2061. Hand planing toolfor wood, with the grain.
2062. Hand planing toolfor wood, end grain.
2063. Paring gougefor wood.
2064. Hollowing gougefor wood.
2065. Cross grooving plane.Has two cutters, one to mark the cut on each side, the other to plane out the shaving.
2066. Tool for cutting circular holesin wrought-iron plates; guided chisel and hammer. The “Sundale” patent.
2067. Hollow cone paring toolfor pointing pins, lead pencils, &c.
2068. Tool headfor a drilling machine, with three or four hinged drill holders.
2069and2070. Adjustable boring bits.
2071and2072. Bottoming or rose drills.
2073and2074. Cylinder and fluted drillsfor enlarging and finishing holes.
Plate 121Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2075. Compound cylinder drill,fluted, and provided with oil channel.
2076. Boring bar head.
2077. Tool holder for lathe,shaper, or planer tools.
(See alsop. 66.)
2078. Klein’s atmospheric cooler.The hot water is sprayed against the upper surfaces of a number of vertical metal sheets, and trickles down into a trough. The natural circulation of air between the sheets, combined with a partial evaporation, cools the water to as low as 20° below normal temperature.
2079. Injector condenser,with hot well, foot valve, and air pump.
2080. Cooling fountain and traysfor condenser water.
Cooling pondsof area proportionate to the quantity and temperature of the water, are used to cool condenser water where the supply is limited.
Fountain and spray jetsare also used in conjunction with a pond for cooling condenser water.
Körting’s jet condenser.SeeNo. 2212.
(See alsop. 66.)
2080A. Centrifugal separatorwith air blast. The material is fed into the top cone on the revolving vertical shaft, and travels down against an air blast from below.
(See alsop. 68.)
2081. Machine for slicing roots.The roller has cutters shaped to shred the roots to any gauge of fineness required, and a fixed rack or brush atAto clean the teeth.
2082. Mill for chopping or grinding,in which the two rollers are driven at different peripheral speeds.
(See alsop. 68.)
2083. Sockets for various tools, &c.Sections: these are made either with parallel or taper holes. With parallel holes a set screw or key is used to secure the tool in the socket. SeeSec. 37.
2084. Screw chuckfor wood turning.
2085. Fork chuckfor wood turning.
2086. Screwed cup chuckfor wood turning.
2087. Cup chuck,with taper feathers, for wood.
Plate 122Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2088. Adjustable tap wrench.
2089. Elevating tool box.
2090. Tool headfor milling or surfacing.
2091. Three-jaw guideor chuck. The three sliding jaws are usually set up by screws.
2092. Two-jaw chuck.The jaws are travelled simultaneously opposite ways by a right and left-hand screw.
2093. Drill socket,with diagonal pin to grip the drill shank when screwed up.
2094. Instantaneous gripfor vice, &c. The wormAis eccentric, and lifts or lowers the toothed abutment blockBinto or out of gear with the fixed rack by a single movement of the handleC. When out of gearA B C, with the shaft and front jaw, can be slid in or out freely to any size of opening required.
2095. Clip for a rodor cord.
2096. Split sleeve and nutto grip a rod or shaft.
2097. Screw cramp.
2098. Screw cramp.Another form.
2099. Capstan drillor cutter head, for lathe or boring machine. The head revolves diagonally, and may have sockets for several tools to follow each other in succession in operating on a piece of work.
2100. Adjustable tool box.
2101. Spanner,with adjustable jaw.
2102. Spring taper socket,with sliding ring.
2103. ToothedVgripfor chucks, &c.
2104. ToothedVgrip. Another form, with alternate vees.
2105. Simplest form ofVgripfor parallel cylindrical articles.
Plate 123Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2106. Three-jaw face chuck.The jaws are made to act together or separately by a spiral plate, or by screws. SeeNos. 158,1384.
2107. Split tool holder(Barber’s patent), with taper thread and nut to grip a round (or other) section tool.
2108. Cap and socketfor drills.
2109. Socket and set screwfor drills.
2110. Split tool bar,with transverse cutter (seeNo. 2043), fitted with sunk screw, having a recessed head for a special spanner.
2111. Stepped jawfor lathe face chucks traversed by a screw. SeeNo. 409.
2112. Spring grip for pencils,small drills, pins, &c.
2113. Bauer’s patent spanner,or pipe wrench. The hinge pin is of the form ofNo. 2126.
2114. Chuckfor wheels, having three or more sliding dogs set up by a cone and hand wheel nut.
2115. Split end gripfor a rod.
2116. Double vee gripfor pipes, &c., which, having an equal movement to both jaws, remains always central. The large screw must be twice the pitch of the smaller central screw, and one is right hand, the other left hand.
2117. Hand screws,withVgrip.
(See alsop. 72.)
2118. Rubber pad or buffer.
2119. Cushion tyrefor road wheels.
2120. Cushion tyre, pneumatic.The resistance in this tyre is increased by compression of the enclosed air by a portable pump.
Duplex pumpsare cushioned at each end of the stroke by trapping part of the exhaust steam by the piston closing the port.
Air vesselsare used to cushion the action of a pump, both on the delivery and suction.
2121. A spring pistonis used for the same purpose.
Pads or cushions of rubber,felt, leather, &c., are used as buffers to cushion blows.
Shaw & Spiegle’s steam towing machineprovides an elastic steam cushion which yields to prevent overstraining the cable, the engine then running backwards under the strain, but winds up again as the strain goes off, thus paying in and out to suit the motion of the vessel.
Plate 124Larger plate.
Larger plate.
(See alsop. 72.)
SeeExpanding reamers,Nos. 2149,2151.
SeeExpanding cutters,Nos. 2069,2070,627.
SeeExpanding auger,Section 36.
(See alsop. 74.)
2122. Differential piston indicatorfor steam engines.
2123. Harrison’s differential epicycloidal hoist gear.PinionAis fast to the barrel and loose on the shaft,Bis keyed to the shaft,CandDare cast together, and run on a stud in the large wheelE, which is loose on the shaft;AandBhave different numbers of teeth.
2124. Differential screw boltand sleeve movement.
2125. Differential screw valve fitting,with cone seat, tightened up by theThead and fine thread central screw; used for gas bottles.
2126. Chinese windlass.The origin of modern differential gear.
(See alsop. 76.)
2127. Beam engine,compound; with diagonal cylinders for compactness.
2128. Steam cylinder,with diagonal flange joint for the valve chest—enables the valve face to be easily planed, and dispenses with a separate casting and joint for the box.
2129. Pumping or blowing engine,with side rod-crank motion.
2130. One crank and one eccentric engine,with cylinders at right angles. The same eccentric operates both slide valves.
2131. One crank engine,as last described.
2132. One crank three-cylinder engine.
2133. Sliding cylinder engine,with three-throw crank and three connecting rods. The distribution of steam is made by the reciprocating motion of the cylinder over ports in the bedplate.
2134. Compound high-speed enclosed engine.
2135. Compound engine,withTconnecting rod and one crank, no dead centre.
Crank motions.SeeSection 21.
2136. Three-cylinder high-speed box engine,single acting.
Plate 125Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2137. American typeof walking beam paddle engines.
2138. Diagonal engine,with vertical air pump, worked by a bell-crank lever.
Vacuum engines.Two forms of this type of engine have been manufactured in which steam is employed at atmospheric pressure and condensed in a jet or surface condenser, the working pressure being therefore atmospheric and never exceeding 14 lbs. per square inch absolute. These engines and their boilers are free from risk of explosion, but require a good supply of condensing water.
(See alsop. 82.)
2139. Crank motion to describe ovals(egg shaped, not true ellipses).
2140. Ellipsograph.The pointAis fixed and the pointBtravelled along the lineA B.
2141. String ellipsograph;AandBare fixed in the foci of the ellipse and the string joined so that the pencilC(with string wheel on it) will reach the end of minor axisD; the pencil will describe a true ellipse.
(See alsop. 84.)
2142. Expanding gate.Formed of vertical, round, or simple bars, fitted with sliding ferrules having centre pins passing through diagonal bars, these centres being evenly spaced.
2143. Expanding mandrel;has three parallel feathers, expanded by a central bolt having two equal cones.
2144. Expanding socket,formed of spring wire.
2145. Expanding legsfor telescope or camera tripod.
2146. Expanding tripod,formed to close up into a cylindrical group.
2147. Expanding tableof three or more slides.
2148. Expanding tripod.The legs are hinged to a triangular prism, and form a cylindrical group when closed.
2149. Expanding reamer.The body is split up in three parts as far as the end of the bolt.
2150. Addy’s expanding collarconsists of two rings with the adjacent faces spiral, so that by revolving them they separate to the extent of the pitch. The collar therefore expands longitudinally, not diametrically.
2151. Expanding split reameror mandrel with taper screw.
2152. Expanding riddle or screen,to vary the spaces between the bars.
Plate 126Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2153. Expanding collarsor sleeves, screwed one upon another.
2154. Expanding collet,split in three or more parts.
2155. Expanding pipe gripor collar with bevel gear and right and left-hand screws to operate the three segments together.
2156. Expanding pipe stopperwith rubber ring. SeeSection 29.
Bellows and rubber bagsare used as expanding devices for gases, &c.
Rubber balloonsare expanded by air blown in under pressure.
2157. Expanding pulley or wheel.
Expanding plug.SeeNo. 2358.
2158. Expanding lever.
The mercury bulb tubeis an expanding device actuated by temperature.
(See alsoCushioning; Chucks,Section 28.)
(See alsop. 86.)
2159. Crank armor lever arm, secured to shaft by a clip boss and bolt.
2160. Ditto,secured by a screwed shank passed through the shaft and drawn up by a nut.
2161. Piston and rod fastening.
2162. Ditto, ditto.
2163. Thomas’ patent wedge bushfor securing plain bored pulleys, &c., to shafts.
2164. Taper screwed bushfastening for a wheel, with frictional grip. The bush is split on one side only.
2165. Taper split bush fixing,with frictional grip. The bush is split into three parts.
2166. Set-screw fixingfor a lever or arm.
Plate 127Larger plate.
Larger plate.
2167. Split boss or collar,with two forms of sunk screws for fixing and tightening.
Split wheels and pulleysare now commonly used as the best means of fastening to shafts. SeeNo. 1711.
2168. Cone sleeve(split) and nut fastening for a wheel or pulley.
2169. Serrated wedges.
(See alsop. 88.)
2170. Carriage driving gear.The carriage wheel bears upward against the driving spindle which drives it by friction, or the latter is forced down into frictional gear with the carriage wheel by loading or by springs.
2171. Friction, spring clip,for giving tension to cotton thread passed between the convex discs.
Leather covered pinionsgeared with plain rimmed wheels or discs. These should always have the pinion as driver, otherwise the pinion is liable to wear in fits and become useless.
(See alsop. 90.)
2172. Engine crosshead,formed of two slide blocks, cast with the gudgeon in one piece and two caps bolted together, enclosing the piston rod end and bolted to the slide blocks.
2173. Crosshead single-bar guide,with or without the lower attachment for pump rod.
2174. Sliding bedguided by two square grooved strips (one of which may be fixed) adjusted by diagonal set screws.
2175. Vee guides,with renewable strip.
2176. Ditto, ditto,with set screw adjustment.
2177. Ditto, ditto,with bevelled adjusting strip and set screws.
2178. Ditto, ditto,with looseVstrip set up by screws on top.
2179. Guide blockfor engine crosshead formed of a bronze shell filled with white metal or antifriction metal.
2180. Curved segment guidefor a link movement to turn an angle.
2181. Crosshead guide,with two slide bars, American type.
2182.Vguide barand guide.
2183. DoubleVguidefor crosshead.
2184. Crosshead guidesof square section.