Plate 46Larger plate.
Larger plate.
792&793. Winding enginesare provided with indicators on the principle ofNo. 744. The travelling nut has a pointer whose position on a vertical graduated scale shows the position of the cage in the pit.
Vertical scale indicators are also employed to show the level of water in tanks, reservoirs, &c. SeeNo. 1730.
Water tube indicators are employed to show the level of water in boilers, &c., as also gauge cocks fixed at various heights in the boiler.
794. Straight jet,for long distances.
795. Short jet.
796. Rose jet,for spreading.
797. Fan jet,or spreader.
798. Blast tuyere.
799. Smith’s tuyere and water bosh.
800. Jet aspirator,for inducing a mixed current of air and water or steam.
801. Steam jet pump;the steam enters by the central jet and causes a vacuum, into which the water rises by the branch pipe.
802. Insufflatorfor steam and air blast; used also as a petroleum injector, &c.
803&805. Spray jets;the liquid rises by gravity at the small vertical nozzles, and is driven in a spray or mist by a cross blast of air from the horizontal jets.
804. Injector.The varieties of this contrivance are too numerous to specify. See Graham’s, Gifford’s, Hall’s, Hancock’s, and others in common use.
806. Plain or spreading jet.The eight vanes can be pushed into the jet of water to cut it up by moving the sliding ring.
807. Ventilating jet or aspirator,with several lateral openings for inducing a current.
Jet condensers.SeeSection 25.
See alsoSection 70.
808. Plain or solid pedestal.
809. Half bearing,sometimes used without a cotter.
810. Half bushed bearing,having a half brass on the lower side only.
811. Chambered long bearing.
812. The ordinary double brassed pedestalor plummer block; sometimes made with the cap and joint of brasses at an angle of 45° when the shaft is subject to horizontal thrust. Numerous modifications of this bearing exist.
813. Slot bearingfor rising and falling spindle.
Plate 47Larger plate.
Larger plate.
814&815. End thrust bearings.
816. Sliding bearing,with vertical or horizontal traverse.
817. DoubleVbearingto accommodate different sizes of shafts.
818. Vertical shaft footstep.
819. Vertical pivot.
820. Horizontal pivotand set screw; the screw should have a lock nut to prevent it being worked back by the motion of the spindle.
821. Conical neck,usually with steel bush.
822. Spherical footstep,to allow the shaft to sway out of the perpendicular.
823. Horizontal bearing,allowing the shaft to run out of line.
824. Balanced bearing,to bear the weight of a light shaft, and placed between the fixed bearings.
825. Self-adjusting bearingfor line shafts, with ball and socket movement.
826. Ball and socket bearingfor vertical spindle, allowing considerable variation from a right line.
827. Horizontal thrust bearing,with multiple flanges and double brasses, each capable of separate adjustment; used for screw shafts in steam-ships.
828. A form of pedestal,with the cap provided with end joggles to prevent looseness.
829. Trunnion bearing,for oscillating cylinders, &c. The steam is conveyed through the bearing, which has a stuffing box and gland to prevent leakage.
830&832. Swinging supportfor a shaft, having a sliding bevil gear or other motion upon it which has to pass the swinging support; used for lathe sliding gear, overhead travellers, &c.
831. Ball and socket centrefor car bogies, &c.
833. Pedestal with side adjustmentfor the brasses by taper keys and screw adjustments.
Bearings running under water are generally lined with strips of lignum vitæ and require no lubricant.
So-called self-lubricator bearings are in use, lined with strips of patent composition metal.
Plate 48Larger plate.
Larger plate.
834. Centre bearing,with annular grip, for a heavy centre piece or car bogie.
835. Centre bearing,with allowance for some amount of oscillation.
Coupled bearings.No. 671.
836. Single riveted lap joint.
837. Double riveted lap joint.
838. Single riveted butt joint.
839. Double butt joint.
840.T-iron butt joint.
841,842,843, &844. Angle or edge seams.
845. Transverse tubular seam.
846,847, &848. Reducing ring seams.
849,850,851, &852. Bottom seamsround water spaces, fire-boxes, &c.
853. Expansion hoop jointin boiler flues, &c.
854&855. Fire-box stays.
856. Gusset stayfor flat ends.
Flat bar, tube, and round iron stays are also much used to stay flat surfaces in boilers and tanks.
In household boilers it is usual to weld all the seams, thus avoidingLiron and other riveted work. SeeNos. 89to96.
Flue tubes in boilers are stayed also by cross tubes inserted at intervals, such as Galloway’s patent conical cross tubes.
Plate 49Larger plate.
Larger plate.
857&858. Cover platesto carry tensile strains over joints in plates,Lirons, &c.
859,860,861,862, &863. Various forms of jointsemployed in plate iron structures, boxes, tanks, &c., not subject to much strain. 863 is a dovetailed joint.
864.TorLiron strut end joint.
865. Junctionof flat bar and diagonalTorLiron.
866. Gusset plate jointfor diagonal ties and struts.
867. Mode of jointingboiler plate corners by tapering the corners of the plates.
868. Another form of angle joint.
Levers are of three orders (seeSection 53). The fulcrum or rocking centre may be at either end or at some intermediate point. In practice the fulcra are usually shafts or pins (seeSections 76and77), and the following are the typical forms in use.
869,870,871, &872. Elevation and plans of plain levers,with end bosses for rod attachments.
873. Plan of plain lever,with forked end.
874&875. Bell crank levers,with plain or forked ends.
876.Tor double cranked lever.
877. Forked end,off-set.
878. Fish bellied leverof the 2nd order.
879. Balance weight lever.
Plate 50Larger plate.
Larger plate.
880. Hand lever,with round handle.
881. Hand lever,with flat handle.
882. Another form of round handlesometimes used.
883. Crank handle.
884. Starting lever,with spring catch.
885. Another pattern of ditto.
886. Similar lever,with side or crank handles.
887. Foot lever.
888. Foot treadle frame.
889. Wrist plate orTlever.
890. Hand lever,adjustable as to length by means of a slot and locking bolt. For this purpose a plain round rod passed through a central socket and fixed at any radial length by a set screw, is often used; or the hand rod may be cranked asNo. 1784.
891. Double hand lever.
892. Lever,formed of two wrought iron or steel plates and distance pieces.
893&894. Rocking levers,with sliding swivel joints.
895. Forked lever,to span a central bearing.
896. Hand lever,simple pattern; wrench or spanner.
897. Headed lever,for valve rod and other movements. SeeNos. 149to152.
See alsoSection 97.
898. Common sliding bolt.
Plate 51Larger plate.
Larger plate.
899. Common latch.
900. Cam locking bolt;locks the bolt when either in or out, so that it can only be moved by the cam spindle.
901. Crank movement locking bolt,similar to the last.
902. Bolt of common lock.
903. Disc and pin.
904. Side pawl.
905. Locking pawl.
For Pawl and Ratchet Gear seeSection 62.
906. Spring catch,with round end which slips past the socket if sufficient force is applied, used for swing doors, &c.
907. Another form,bevilled on one side.
908. Hook latch.
909&910. Hasp and staple.
911. Crossbar and hooks.
912. Hand set screw.
913. Drop catchfor turntable, &c.
Plate 52Larger plate.
Larger plate.
914. Turning or twisting bolt.
915. Rope or rod stopper,with cam lever grip. SeeNo. 47.
916. Chain stop.
917&918. Spindle grips,to lock a sliding or revolving spindle in a bearing or bush.
919. Clamp and screw.
920. Sliding shaft locking pin;used for lathe headstock back-gear shafts, &c.
921. Lever locking hook;the lever is hinged so that it can be slipped over the hook.
922. Bow catchfor ladles, skips, &c.
923. Segment-slot and bolt fixingfor swivelling base.
924. Pin lockfor turntable or disc.
925.Tcatch.
926. Roller and incline slotfor locking a rod or rope.
927. Revolving bush lockfor catch rod; the catch rod can only slip through the bush when the latter is in one position (seeplan view).
928. Wire fencing notchesinLor ⊔ iron.
929. Trap door automatic catch.
930. Screw and bridle suspension,for blast pipes, &c.
931. Drop loop fasteningfor a door.
932. Spring stud lock.
Plate 53Larger plate.
Larger plate.
933. Disc and radial slot;the rod can be slipped out sideways when the disc is turned so as to bring the slots together.
934. Radial hinged lever and crown ratchet.
935. Locking barto fix a lever in any position.
936. Pawl for locking sliding shaft,used for winches, &c., having double and single purchase gear or shifting clutches.
937. Fastening eye boltfor a hinged cover; the bolt is also hinged, and can be turned down out of the way. See alsoNo. 1930.
938. Crank arm device,to lock a valve or lever in two positions. See alsoNo. 16.
939. Gun, breech-loading,sliding cylindrical block locked by turning the arm into a notch.
940. Door fastening staple and cotter.
941. Common cotter.
942. Half nut locking and unlocking device,used for lathe leading screws; the half nuts are moved simultaneously in opposite directions by cams on the lever spindle.
943. Swinging catchto secure end of a drop bar.
944. Tool post,to swivel and lock in any position. See alsoNo. 493.
945. Locking screw,to lock the hand wheel and spur pinion to the shaft when required to be driven by it.
See also Lock Nuts. The common varieties of lever locks with stepped key-wards.
SeeNo. 1723.
946. The common double-leaf hinge.
947. Rising hinge,to cause the door to lift slightly as it opens, it will then close of itself without a spring.
948. Cup and ball hinge.
Plate 54Larger plate.
Larger plate.
949&950. Pintle hinges.
951&952. Parchment or leather hingingfor wood movements.
953. Dovetail joint,used on iron bedsteads, &c.; the circular dovetail is slightly tapered and fitted tight.
954. Hinge for a door,required to lay flat against the wall at either side when open.
955. Hinge pinfor rocking levers on a knife edge.
956. Door spring hinge,to return the door always to its central position; the cams press against a roller attached to the springs.
957. Another method,with tension springs.
958. Rocking bearing or knife edge,used for weighing machines, &c.
959. Knuckle joint,halved together; the bolt secures the two parts together.
960. Door spring hingewith open springs and toggle movement.
961. Gate hinges,with double pintle at bottom to cause the gate to return to the central position without springs.
962. Link hinge,for a grid or trap door, to allow it to lie flat when opened.
963. Bayonet joint.A common device.
964. Double scarfed and joggled joint,for pump, rods, &c., with ferrules and keys to tighten up.
965. Universal joint.See Dr. Hooke’s Joint,Nos. 33 and 34.
966. Knuckle jointed levers.